CN113549108A - 一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体的制备及其作为钛合金润滑剂的应用 - Google Patents
一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体的制备及其作为钛合金润滑剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体及其作为钛合金润滑剂的应用，该离子液体具有通式(Ⅰ)所示结构，其中，R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1‑12的烷基，R5选自碳原子数为1‑16的烷基。该离子液体在摩擦过程中能够在钛合金摩擦副表面形成牢固有序的物理吸附保护膜和学反应保护膜，作为钛合金润滑剂时，显示出优异的减摩和抗磨性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑剂技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种离子液体润滑剂，尤其涉及一种在钛合金上具有优异摩擦学性能的无卤素离子液体润滑剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
20世纪50年代，钛及钛合金在工业上开始应用并发展至今，由于其拥有比强度高、密度低、耐腐蚀强、耐高低温及热膨胀系数小等优越性能，使得它们在航空、航天、海洋等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。然而，随着钛工业的发展，钛及钛合金材料自身存在的缺陷也逐渐呈现出来，诸如硬度低、抗磨性能差、导热系数小等。钛及钛合金材料作为某些仪器零部件时，由于较差的摩擦学性能，往往使该零部件产生较大的磨损，进而失效，这对钛合金的广泛应用产生了一定的影响。
由于钛元素性质活泼，钛合金材料在空气中表面易形成致密氧化膜，导致许多液体润滑剂很难在钛合金表面，特别是未经处理的合金表面形成稳定的润滑膜。比如，传统润滑剂矿物油、聚-α-烯烃等对钛合金难以起到良好的润滑效果。Jimenez等人报道了使用咪唑类离子液体作为钢/钛摩擦副的润滑剂，结果表明：与传统矿物油相比，以Cl-、BF4 -或PF6 -、TFSI-为阴离子的咪唑类离子液体可有效地降低钛合金的摩擦磨损(TribolLett,2009,33(2):111-126)。Li等人报道了四氟硼酸盐和全氟磺酸盐等不同含氟润滑剂对TC21钛合金摩擦学性能的影响，结果表明，全氟磺酸盐离子液体是TC21钛/Si3N4摩擦副的优良润滑剂(Effect of different lubricants on microstructural and tribologicalproperties of TC21 titanium alloy against Si3N4 under fretting–reciprocatingsliding.J.Alloys Compd.2018,743:576-585)。然而，上述润滑剂均含有卤素，随着人类环保意识的增强，开发无卤素的绿色环保离子液体润滑剂用以改善钛合金的摩擦学性能已成为当前润滑领域研究的重要内容之一。
发明内容
鉴于以上技术需求，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种无卤素离子液体润滑剂，该离子液体作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂具备优异的减摩抗磨性能，可以显著降低钛合金摩擦件的摩擦系数、减小其在摩擦过程中的磨损体积。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明人通过大量试验研究并不懈探索，最终获得了如下技术方案：一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，该离子液体具有如下通式(Ⅰ)所示结构：
其中，R1、R2、R3和R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1-12的烷基；R5选自碳原子数为1-16的烷基。
优选地，如上所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其中R1、R2、R3和R4为结构相同的烷基，且均选自碳原子数为4-8的烷基；R5选自碳原子数为1和12的烷基。
进一步优选地，如上所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其中R1、R2、R3和R4为结构相同的烷基，且均选自碳原子数为4的烷基(即为丁基)；R5选自碳原子数为1或12的烷基(即为甲基或十二烷基)。
在本发明最优选的实施例中，如上所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其中R1、R2、R3和R4均为直链丁基，R5为甲基或十二烷基。
另外，本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：将对甲基苯磺酸或十二烷基苯磺酸与四丁基氢氧化磷混合，加入去离子水，在室温下搅拌反应24-48小时，待反应结束后，反应液用二氯甲烷萃取，萃取层再用去离子水洗涤，减压蒸出溶剂后，用乙腈溶解过滤，再次减压蒸馏，干燥，得目标产物。
最后，由于本发明所提供离子液体作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂具备优异的减摩抗磨性能，可以显著降低钛合金摩擦件的摩擦系数、减小其在摩擦过程中的磨损体积，因此本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体作为钛合金用润滑剂的新用途。
与传统润滑剂相比，本发明所提供的离子液体具有如下优点和显著进步：
(1)热稳定性较为理想，分解温度高达400℃以上；
(2)在摩擦过程中能够在钛合金摩擦副表面形成牢固有序的物理吸附保护膜和学反应保护膜，作为钛合金润滑剂时，显示出优异的减摩和抗磨性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂中的两种润滑剂的热失重曲线图。
图2为本发明所提供无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂中的两种润滑剂作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂时实验测得的摩擦系数。
图3为本发明所提供无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂中的两种润滑剂作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂时实验测得的磨损体积。
具体实施方案
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1：无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂P4444TsO的制备
将50mmol的对甲基苯磺酸和50mmol四丁基氢氧化磷混合，在室温下100mL去离子水中搅拌反应24-48小时，待反应结束后，反应液用二氯甲烷萃取，萃取层再用去离子水洗涤，减压蒸出溶剂后，用50-100mL乙腈溶解过滤，再次减压蒸馏后，将产品放入真空干燥箱内干燥12-24小时即得无卤素离子液体润滑剂P4444TsO。使用核磁共振波谱表征了离子液体P4444TsO的结构，具体数据如下：
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.73-7.68(m,2H),7.04(m，2H),2.26(s,3H),2.23-2.12(m,8H),1.44-1.33(m,16H),0.86(m,12H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)144.7,138.3,128.1,125.9,23.8,23.7,23.5,21.0,18.7,18.2,13.3,13.2.
实施例2：无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂P4444SDBS的制备
将50mmol的十二烷基苯磺酸和50mmol四丁基氢氧化磷混合，在室温下100mL去离子水中搅拌反应24-48小时，待反应结束后，反应液用二氯甲烷萃取，萃取层再用去离子水洗涤，减压蒸出溶剂后，用50-100mL乙腈溶解过滤，再次减压蒸馏后，将产品放入真空干燥箱内干燥12-24小时即得无卤素离子液体润滑剂P4444SDBS。
使用核磁共振波谱表征了离子液体P4444SDBS的结构，具体数据如下：
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.76(m,2H),7.09-6.99(m,2H),2.64-1.92(m,10H),1.66-0.97(m,36H),0.91-0.63(m,15H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)147.5,144.0,127.0,125.9,45.7,36.8,31.7,29.6,29.3,27.4,27.1,23.9,23.7,22.4,18.8,18.3,13.9,13.3.
实施例3：本发明所提供离子液体润滑剂的稳定性和粘温性研究
为了评价本发明所提供离子液体润滑剂的热稳定性，本发明人采用(DSC/DTA-TG)STA449F3同步热分析仪测定其热稳定性；采用SYP1003-Ⅲ石油产品运动粘度仪测定其运动粘度和粘度指数。
图1为实施例1和实施例2制备的无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂的热失重曲线图。由图1可知，四正丁基磷对甲苯磺酸离子液体(P4444TsO)和四正丁基磷十二烷基苯磺酸离子液体(P4444SDBS)，具有很好的热稳定性，分解温度高达400℃以上。
表1中数据为实施例1和实施例2制备的无卤素磺酸离子液体润滑剂的运动粘度和粘度指数。由表1可知，四正丁基磷对甲苯磺酸离子液体(P4444TsO)和四正丁基磷十二烷基苯磺酸离子液体(P4444SDBS)的粘度指数分别为66和102，属于中粘度指数到高粘度指数润滑油，其粘温性能较好。
表1：本发明所提供的离子液体的运动粘度和粘度指数。
实施例4：本发明所提供离子液体润滑剂的减摩抗磨性能研究
采用SRV-V微振动摩擦磨损试验机评价了本发明所提供离子液体的摩擦磨损性能。其中，SRV-V微振动摩擦磨损试验机的摩擦副接触方式为球-盘点接触，测试条件为：载荷50N，温度25℃，频率25Hz，振幅1mm，实验时间30min；试验中上试球为Φ10mm的AISI52100钢球；下试样为Φ24mm、厚度7.9mm的Ti6Al4V钛合金，硬度为32-35HRC；下试样的磨损体积由BRUKER-NPFLEX三维光学轮廓仪测得。
离子液体P4444TsO在50N，25℃条件下作为钛合金摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为：0.117和28.46*106μm3(表2、图3)，其摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线列于图2。从表2和图2数据可以看出，离子液体P4444TsO作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂具有明显的减摩抗磨效果。
离子液体P4444SDBS在50N，25℃条件下作为钛合金摩擦副润滑剂的平均摩擦系数和磨损体积分别为：0.079和7.54*106μm3(表2、图3)，其摩擦系数随时间的变化曲线列于图2。从表2和图2数据可以看出，离子液体P4444SDBS作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂具有优异的减摩抗磨效果。
表2：本发明所提供的离子液体作为钛合金润滑剂的摩擦学性能
由表1、表2、图2、图3可知，本发明所提供的无卤素磺酸离子液体，特别是四正丁基磷十二烷基苯磺酸离子液体(P4444SDBS)作为钛合金摩擦副的润滑剂，具有更为优异的减摩抗磨性能。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，其保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内，本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，该离子液体具有如下通式(Ⅰ)所示结构：
其中，R1、R2、R3和R4分别独立选自碳原子数为1-12的烷基；R5选自碳原子数为1-16的烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其特征在于，R1、R2、R3和R4为结构相同的烷基，且均选自碳原子数为4-8的烷基；R5选自碳原子数为1或12的烷基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其特征在于，R1、R2、R3和R4为结构相同的烷基，且均选自碳原子数为4的烷基；R5选自碳原子数为1或12的烷基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体，其特征在于，R1、R2、R3和R4均为直链丁基，R5为甲基或十二烷基。
5.一种根据权利要求4所述无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：将对甲基苯磺酸或十二烷基苯磺酸与四丁基氢氧化磷混合，加入去离子水，在室温下搅拌反应24-48小时，待反应结束后，反应液用二氯甲烷萃取，萃取层再用去离子水洗涤，减压蒸出溶剂后，用乙腈溶解过滤，再次减压蒸馏，干燥，得目标产物。
6.一种根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的无卤素季磷盐烷基苯磺酸离子液体作为钛合金用润滑剂的应用。
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