EP2164934B1 - Verwendung von ionischen flüssigkeiten zur verbesserung der eigenschaften von schmierstoffzusammensetzungen - Google Patents
Verwendung von ionischen flüssigkeiten zur verbesserung der eigenschaften von schmierstoffzusammensetzungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2164934B1 EP2164934B1 EP08758646.7A EP08758646A EP2164934B1 EP 2164934 B1 EP2164934 B1 EP 2164934B1 EP 08758646 A EP08758646 A EP 08758646A EP 2164934 B1 EP2164934 B1 EP 2164934B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- oils
- laked
- ester
- bis
- Prior art date
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 45
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- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 based on synthetic Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro phosphate Chemical compound FOP(=O)(OF)OF JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- HYNYWFRJHNNLJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC HYNYWFRJHNNLJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UMXZFNYZWGQZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-hexyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC=1NC=C[N+]=1C UMXZFNYZWGQZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OEDJAKMCWJUAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl(trioctyl)azanium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC OEDJAKMCWJUAHH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000390166 Physaria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010702 perfluoropolyether Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 Chemical class CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241001072282 Limnanthes Species 0.000 claims 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEIIHTBXRQXUHN-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C(CCCCC)[N+]1(CCCC1)C.[N-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C(CCCCC)C1=[N+](C=CN1)C Chemical compound [N-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C(CCCCC)[N+]1(CCCC1)C.[N-](S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C(CCCCC)C1=[N+](C=CN1)C XEIIHTBXRQXUHN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 32
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- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- SVONMDAUOJGXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 SVONMDAUOJGXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHBBIAUCDNIHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1CCN=C1C1=NCCN1 PHBBIAUCDNIHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000003517 Elaeocarpus dentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000144217 Limnanthes alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHLFUNXODNBHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WHLFUNXODNBHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQUZAKBTVDUFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-O bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;2-hexyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC=1NC=C[N+]=1C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KQUZAKBTVDUFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005007 materials handling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCQGIZYNVAZYOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC JCQGIZYNVAZYOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/22—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
- C10M133/46—Imidazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/48—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the ring containing both nitrogen and oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/48—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds the ring containing both nitrogen and oxygen
- C10M133/50—Morpholines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
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- C10M171/001—Electrorheological fluids; smart fluids
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
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- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of lubricant composition which is protected against thermal and oxidative attack.
- Lubricants are used in vehicle technology, materials handling, mechanical engineering, office technology, as well as in industrial plants and machines, but also in the fields of household appliances and consumer electronics.
- lubricants ensure that between separating sliding or rolling parts a separating, load-transmitting lubricating film is built up. This ensures that the metallic surfaces do not touch and thus no wear occurs.
- the lubricants must therefore meet high requirements. These include extreme operating conditions, such as very high or very low speeds, high temperatures caused by high speeds or foreign heating are very low temperatures, for example, in camps that work in cold environments or that occur in aerospace applications. Likewise, the modern lubricants under so-called clean room conditions should be used to avoid the pollution of the room by the abrasion or the consumption of lubricants.
- Lubricants and special requirements in the application are made to the effect that the running properties of the bearings are not attacked by low friction, run the bearings quiet, and long running times are required without relubrication Also, lubricants must withstand force such as centrifugal force, gravity and vibration.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide the use of a lubricant composition which meets the abovementioned requirements and whose thermal and oxidative resistance to known lubricants is improved.
- the invention is defined in the claims.
- This goal has surprisingly been achieved by the addition of ionic liquids to synthetic, mineral and native oils.
- a grease composition is provided consisting of a base oil of a synthetic, mineral or native oil, singly or in The JP 2007 112828A relates to a lubricant composition containing as an essential ingredient an ionic liquid based on a 2,2-biimidazoline, imidazolinium, piperidinium or pyridinium cation having a hexafluorophosphate anion.
- thickening agents and conventional additives may be present.
- Lubricant loss lubricant compositions are disclosed which are suitable for use under vacuum conditions and high temperatures.
- the US2007 / 0027038 A1 also discloses the advantageous properties of the ionic liquids used as a base oil in a range of 20 to 100 mass%.
- the oils described utilize the beneficial properties of the ionic liquids to provide an oil that is protected against thermal and oxidative degradation. These oils are nonflammable and have excellent heat resistance. They are stored for a long time under radical conditions and thus stable against oxidative and thermal degradation.
- the JP 2005 336309 A describes lubricant compositions containing at least one synthetic fluorine-free base oil having a low vapor pressure at 25 ° C and at least one fullerene compound and carbon particles obtained as a by-product in the production of the fullerene compound, and a thickener and a solid lubricant. No statement is made about thermal and oxidative stability, nor are quantities given. It is only pointed out the possibility of ionic liquids, since they have a low vapor pressure.
- the synthetic oils are selected from an ester of an aromatic or aliphatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid with one or in mixture C 7 - to C 22 -alcohols, from a polyphenyl ether or alkylated di- or triphenyl ether, from an ester of trimethylolpropane, Pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with aliphatic C 7 to C 22 - carboxylic acids, from C 18 -Dimerklaestern with C 7 - to C 22 alcohols, from complex esters, as individual components or in any mixture.
- the synthetic oil can be selected from poly- ⁇ - olefins, alkylated naphthalenes, alkylated benzenes, polyglycols, silicone oils, perfluoropolyethers.
- the mineral oils can be selected from paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic hydrocracking oils; GTL fluid.
- GTL means gas-to-liquid process and describes a process for the production of fuel from natural gas. Natural gas is converted by steam reforming to synthesis gas, which is then converted by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis into fuels by means of catalysts. The catalysts and process condition control the fuel type, so whether gasoline, kerosene, diesel or oils are produced.
- coal can be used as raw material according to the coal-to-liquid process (CTL) and biomass as raw material in the Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) process.
- CTL coal-to-liquid process
- BTL Biomass-to-Liquid
- animal / plant source triglycerides may be used, which may be refined by known methods such as hydrogenation.
- the most preferred triglyceride oils are genetically modified triglyceride oils.
- Typical and genetically modified high oleic vegetable oils used herein are safflower oil, Corn oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, Lesquerella oil, Meadowfoam oil and palm oil.
- the lubricant compositions contain from 5 to 95% by weight of base oil or base oil mixture, from 0.05 to 40% by weight of ionic liquid and optionally from 0.1 to 10% by weight of additives.
- the lubricant compositions can be used by the addition of ionic liquids as high temperature chain oils, since they can be used at temperatures of up to 250 ° C. They can also be used by reducing the electrical resistance of the oils in areas where there is a constant flow of current through electric shocks, such as railway wheel bearings, roller bearings with electric current, in the automotive sector or electric motors to damage.
- ionic liquids Due to the solubility in organic systems or solvents or due to the extremely low vapor pressure ionic liquids are superior as thermal and oxidative stabilizers against the antioxidants on phenolic or aminic base or perfluorinated salts. Even in high proportions, no crystals are formed in the lubricants with ionic liquids, which then, for example in the case of mechanical seals, lead to noise development and blockages and thus damage these components.
- the thermal and oxidative stability of the lubricant compositions is reflected in the retardation of evaporation and viscosity increase, which slows the laking of the system at high temperatures and allows the lubricants to be used longer.
- the polypropylene glycol used is a butanol-started polypropylene glycol.
- the synthetic ester is dipentaerytite ester with short chain fatty acids, available under the name Hatco 2926.
- N-butanol-started polyalkylene glycol available under the name Synalox 55-150B, was used.
- a vibration friction wear test (SRV) based on DIN 51834, test condition ball / disc, 200 N load, 50 ° C., 1 mm stroke 50 Hz, 120 min. was carried out. The results are shown in Table 2.
- MBPimido butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- HMP hexylmethylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- HMIMimide hexylmethylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- BuPPFET tetrabutylphosphonium tris (perfluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate
- HPYimid hexylpyridinium bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide
- MOAac methyltrioctylammonium trifluoroacetate
- MBPPFET butylmethylpyrrolidinium tris (pentafluoroethy
- MOAac methyltrioctylammonium trifluoroacetate
- HPDimide trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide
- Ecoeng 500 PEG-5-cocomonium methylsulfate.
- ionic liquid oil Evaporation loss after 24 h - 99.0% NAT.
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Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, die gegen thermischen und oxidativen Angriff geschützt ist.
- Anwendung finden Schmierstoffe in der Fahrzeugtechnik, Fördertechnik, dem Maschinenbau, der Bürotechnik sowie in industriellen Anlagen und Maschinen, aber auch in den Bereichen der Haushaltsmaschinen und der Unterhaltungselektronik.
- In Wälz- und Gleitlagern sorgen Schmierstoffe dafür, daß zwischen aufeinander gleitenden oder abrollenden Teilen ein trennender, lastübertragender Schmierfilm aufgebaut wird. Damit wird erreicht, daß die metallischen Oberflächen sich nicht berühren und somit auch kein Verschleiß auftritt. Die Schmierstoffe müssen deshalb hohen Anforderungen genügen. Dazu gehören extreme Betriebsbedingungen, wie sehr hohe oder sehr niedrige Drehzahlen, hohe Temperaturen, die durch hohe Drehzahlen oder durch Fremderwärmung bedingt sind, sehr tiefe Temperaturen, beispielsweise bei Lagern, die in kalter Umgebung arbeiten oder, die bei der Verwendung in der Luft- und Raumfahrt auftreten. Ebenso sollten die modernen Schmierstoffe unter sogenannten Reinraumbedingungen einsetzbar sein, um die Raumverschmutzung durch den Abrieb bzw. den Verbrauch an Schmierstoffen zu vermeiden. Außerdem sollte bei der Anwendung der modernen Schmierstoffe vermieden werden, daß sie verdampfen und damit "verlacken", d.h., daß sie nach kurzer Anwendung fest werden und keine Schmierwirkung mehr zeigen. An Schmierstoffe werden auch besondere Anforderungen bei der Anwendung dahingehend gestellt, daß die Laufeigenschaften der Lager durch geringe Reibung nicht angegriffen werden, die Lager geräuscharm laufen, sowie langen Laufzeiten ohne Nachschmierung gefordert werden Auch müssen Schmierstoffe Krafteinwirkungen, wie Fliehkraft, Schwerkraft und Schwingungen widerstehen.
- Die Anwendungsdauer und Schmierwirkung synthetischer, mineralischer und nativer Öle ist durch ihren thermischen und oxidativen Abbau begrenzt. Bisher wurden deshalb als Antioxidantien aminische und/oder phenolische Verbindungen eingesetzt. Diese haben aber den Nachteil, daß sie einen hohen Dampfdruck und eine kurze Lebensdauer aufweisen, weshalb die Öle nach relativ kurzer Anwendungszeit "verlacken", d.h. sie werden fest und können dadurch gerade im Bereich der Wälz- und Gleitlager große Schäden an den Vorrichtungen bewirken.
- Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung war es deshalb die Verwendung einer Schmierstoffzusammensetzung bereitzustellen, die den oben genannten Anforderungen genügt und deren thermische und oxidative Beständigkeit gegenüber bekannten Schmierstoffen verbessert ist. Die Erfindung ist in den Ansprüchen definiert. Dieses Ziel wurde überraschenderweise durch die Zugabe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten zu synthetischen, mineralischen und nativen Ölen erreicht. Es wird eine Schmierfettzusammensetzung bereitgestellt, die aus einem Grundöl aus einem synthetischen, mineralischen oder nativen Öl, einzeln oder in Die
JP 2007 112828A - Die
US2007/0027038 A1 offenbart ebenfalls die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der ionischen Flüssigkeiten, die als Basisöl in einem Bereich von 20 bis 100 Massen% verwendet werden. Die her beschriebenen Öle nutzen die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der ionischen Flüssigkeiten aus, um ein Öl bereitzustellen, das gegen thermischen und oxidativen Abbau geschützt wird. Diese Öle sind nicht brennbar und weisen eine exzellente Hitzebeständigkeit auf. Sie sind unter radikalen Bedingungen lange lagerfähig und somit gegen oxidativen und thermischen Abbau stabil. - Die
JP 2005 336309 A - Kombination, besteht, dem ionische Flüssigkeiten und ggf. übliche Additive zugegeben werden. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Zugabe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten die Lebensdauer der Öle und damit die Anwendungsdauer verlängert, indem der thermische und oxidative Abbau deutlich verzögert wird.
- Die synthetischen Öle werden ausgewählt aus einem Ester einer aromatischen oder aliphatischen Di-, Tri- oder Tetracarbonsäure mit einem oder in Mischung vorliegenden C7- bis C22-Alkoholen, aus einem Polyphenylether oder alkyliertem Di- oder Triphenylether, aus einem Ester von Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit oder Dipentaerythrit mit aliphatischen C7 bis C22- Carbonsäuren, aus C18-Dimersäureestern mit C7- bis C22-Alkoholen, aus Komplexestern, als Einzelkomponenten oder in beliebiger Mischung. Weiterhin kann das synthetische Öl ausgewählt werden aus Poly-α-Olefinen, alkylierten Naphthalinen, alkylierten Benzolen, Polyglykolen, Silikonölen, Perfluorpolyethern.
- Die mineralischen Öle können ausgewählt werden aus parafinbasischen-, naphthenbasischen-, aromatischen Hydrocrackölen; GTL-Fluids. GTL heißt Gas-to Liquid Verfahren und beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Kraftstoffherstellung aus Erdgas. Erdgas wird per Dampfreformierung zu Synthesegas umgewandelt, dieses wird dann per Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese zu Kraftstoffen mittels Katalysatoren umgewandelt. Die Katalysatoren und die Prozeßbedingung steuern die Kraftstoffart, also ob Benzin, Kerosin, Diesel oder Öle hergestellt werden. Auf die gleiche Art kann nach dem Coal-to-Liquid Verfahren (CTL) Kohle als Rohstoff und im Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) Verfahren Biomasse als Rohstoff verwendet werden.
- Als native Öle können Triglyzeride aus tierischer/pflanzlicher Quelle verwendet werden, die nach bekannten Verfahren wie beispielsweise Hydrogenierung veredelt sein können. Die besonders bevorzugten Triglyceridöle sind genetisch modifizierte Triglyceridöle. Typische hierin verwendete und genetisch modifizierte Pflanzenöle mit hohem Ölsäuregehalt sind Safloröl, Maisöl, Rapsöl, Sonnenblumenöl, Sojabohnenöl, Leinsamenöl, Erdnußöl, Lesquerella-Öl, Meadowfoam-Öl und Palmenöl.
- Insbesondere die Verwendung von nativen Ölen auf der Basis von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ist auf Grund ihrer Vorteile hinsichtlich der biologischen Abbaubarkeit, der Verminderung bzw. Vermeidung von CO2-Emissionen von Bedeutung, da auf den Rohstoff Erdöl verzichtet werden kann und mit nativen Ölen identische wenn nicht bessere Ergebnisse erzielt werden können.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten, im weiteren auch als IL (= lonic Liquid) bezeichnet, sind sogenannte Salzschmelzen, die vorzugsweise bei Raumtemperatur flüssig sind bzw. per Definition eine Schmelzpunkt <100°C haben. Sie haben nahezu keinen Dampfdruck, und zeigen deshalb keine Kavitationseigenschaften. Darüber hinaus wird bei den ionischen Flüssigkeiten durch die Wahl der Kationen und Anionen erreicht, daß bei der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung die Lebensdauer und Schmierwirkung erhöht wird, die oben beschriebene Verlackung verzögert wird, durch Einstellung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit die Anwendung in Vorrichtungen, bei denen elektrische Ladung auftritt, ermöglicht wird. Geeignete IL sind: - Butylmethylpyrrolidinium- bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid (MBPimid), Methylpropylpyrrolidinium- bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid (MPPimid), Hexylmethylimidazolium- tris(perfluorethyl)trifluorphoshat (HMIMPFET), Hexylmethylimidazolium- bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid (HMIMimid), Hexylmethylpyrrolidinium- bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid (HMP), Tetrabutylphosphonium-tris(perfluorethyl)trifluorphosphat (BuPPFET), Oktylmethylimidazolium-hexafluorphosphat (OMIM PF6), Hexylpyridinium-bis(trifluormethyl)sulfonylimid (Hpyimid), Methyltrioktylammonium-trifluoracetat (MOAac), Butylmethylpyrrolidinium-tris(pentafluorethyl)trifluorphosphat (MBPPFET), Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imid (HPDimid),
- Darüber hinaus enthalten die Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen übliche Additive oder Additivgemische, die ausgewählt werden aus Korrosionsschutzmittel, Oxidationsschutzmittel, Verschleißschutzmittel, Mittel zur Reibungsminderung, Mittel zum Schutz gegen Metalleinflüsse, die als Chelatverbindungen, Radikalfänger, UV-Stabilisatoren, Reaktionsschichtbildner vorhanden sind, sowie anorganische oder organische Festschmierstoffe, wie beispielsweise Polyimid, Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), Graphit, Metalloxide, Bornitrid, Molybdändisulfid und Phosphat. Insbesondere werden Additive in Form von phosphor- und schwefelhaltigen Verbindungen z.B. Zinkdialkyldithiophosphat, Borsäureester als Antiwear/Extrempressure eingesetzt, Metallsalze, Ester, stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, heterocyclische Verbindungen als Mittel zur Korrosionsverhinderung eingesetzt, Glycerin-mono- oder di-ester als Reibungsschutzmittel sowie Polyisobutylen, Polymethacrylat als Viskositätsverbesserer eingesetzt.
- Die Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen enthalten 5 bis 95 Gewichts-% Grundöl oder Grundölmischung, 0,05 bis 40 Gewichts-% ionische Flüssigkeit und ggf. 0,1 bis 10 Gewichts-% Additive.
- Die Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen können durch die Zugabe der ionischen Flüssigkeiten als Hochtemperaturkettenöle eingesetzt werden, da sie bei Temperaturen von bis 250°C einsetzbar sind. Sie können außerdem durch die Senkung des elektrischen Widerstandes der Öle in Bereichen eingesetzt werden, bei denen es durch fließenden Strom immer wieder durch Stromdurchschläge, wie bei Eisenbahnradlagern, Wälzlagern mit Stromdurchgang, im Automobilbereich oder bei Elektromotoren zu Schäden kommt.
- Durch die Löslichkeit in organischen Systemen bzw. Lösungsmitteln bzw. aufgrund des extrem niedrigen Dampfdruckes sind ionische Flüssigkeiten als thermische und oxidative Stabilisatoren gegenüber den Antioxidantien auf phenolischer oder aminischer Basis oder perfluorierten Salzen überlegen. Auch in hohen Anteilen bilden sich in den Schmierstoffen mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten keine Kristalle, die dann z.B. bei Gleitringdichtungen zu Geräuschentwicklungen und Verstopfungen führen und damit diese Bauteile beschädigen können.
- Die thermische und oxidative Stabilität der Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen zeigt sich in der Verzögerung der Verdampfung und des Viskositätsanstiegs, wodurch die Verlackung des Systems bei hohen Temperaturen verlangsamt wird und die Schmierstoffe länger eingesetzt werden können.
- Die Vorteile der Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen werden anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele gezeigt.
- Die %-Angaben sind in Gewichtsprozent, es sei denn, es wird anders angegeben.
- Es wurden verschiedene Grundöle allein und in Kombination mit verschiedenen ionischen Flüssigkeiten in verschiedenen Konzentrationen gemessen. Bei dem verwendeten Polypropylenglykol handelt es sich um ein Butanol gestartetes Polypropylenglykol. Bei dem synthetischen Ester handelt es sich Dipentaerytithester mit kurzkettigen Fettsäuren, der unter der Bezeichnung Hatco 2926 erhältlich ist.
- Die Messungen des spezifischen elektrischen Widerstandes wurden mit Plattenelektroden mit einer Fläche von 2,5 cm2 und einem Abstand von 1,1 cm, mit einer 10 V Meßspannung (Gleichstrom) gemessen. Es wurden jeweils drei Messungen durchgeführt und der Mittelwert der Messungen ist in Tabelle 1 angegeben.
Tabelle 1 Schmierfettzusammensetzung (Ω*cm) spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand 100% Polypropylenglykol 10 x 1010 99,0% Polypropylenglykol + 1% HDPimid 6 x 106 100% Synthetischer Ester 7 x 1010 99,0% Synthetischer Ester + 1% HDPimid 7 x 106 95,0% Synthetischer Ester + 5% HDPimid 1 x 106 100% Solvent Raffinat N 100/40 rein <1013 99,0% Solvent Raffinat N 100/40 + 1% PCl 1 x 1011 99,9% Solvent Raffinat N 100/40 + 0,1% PCl 1 x 1012 HDPimid: Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid
PCl: Trihexyltetradecylphosphoniumchlorid - Die erhaltenen Meßergebnisse zeigen, daß durch die Zugabe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten der spezifische elektrische Widerstand der Schmierölzusammensetzung gesenkt wird.
- Es wurde n-Butanol-gestartetes Polyalkylenglykol verwendet, das unter der Bezeichnung Synalox 55-150B erhältlich ist. Es wurde ein Schwingreibverschleißtest (SRV) in Anlehnung an DIN 51834, Testbedingung Kugel/Scheibe, 200 N Last, 50°C, 1 mm Hub 50 Hz, 120 Min. durchführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 gezeigt.
Tabelle 2 Schmierfettzusammensetzung ahl Verschleißfaktor/VerlaufReibungsz 100% Polyalkylenglykol 2850 / leicht wellig / 0,15 99,5% Polyalkylenglykol + 0,5% OMIM PF6 41 / sehr glatt / 0,11 98,0% Polyalkylenglykol + 2% OMIM PF6 108/ sehr glatt / 0,11 OMIM PF6: Oktylmethylimidazolium-hexafluorphosphat - Diese Ergebnisse zeigen den positiven Einfluß der ionischen Flüssigkeiten auf den Reibwert und den Verschleiß der Schmierfettzusammensetzung.
- Diese Untersuchungen wurden zum einen bei 150°C mit 1g Einwaage der Schmierfettzusammensetzung durchgeführt. Dazu wurden die Proben in Aluminiumschälchen eingewogen und im Umluftofen getempert, in vorliegendem Falle für 96 und 120 h. Nach der Prüfzeit wurden die erkalteten Schalen ausgewogen und der Massenverlust bezogen auf das Ausgangsgewicht bestimmt. Sowohl von den Frischölen als auch von den Gebrauchtölen wurde die scheinbar dynamische Viskosität mit einem Kegel/Platte Rheometers bei 300 1/sec, 25°C, nach 60 sec Meßzeit bestimmt.
- Zum anderen wurden Thermogravimetrische Analysen (TGA) mit einem Gerät der Fa. Seiko, TG/DTA 6200 mit 10 mg +/- 0,2 mg Einwaage im AluTiegel offen, Spülgas Luft, Temperaturrampe 1k/min von 100 bis 260°C durchgeführt.
- Für diese Analysen wurde als synthetischer Ester Dipentaerytithester mit kurzkettigen Fettsäuren, der unter der Bezeichnung Hatco 2926 erhältlich ist, verwendet. Die %-Angaben sind in Gewichtsprozent. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 gezeigt.
Tabelle 3 Muster scheinbare dyn. Zähigkeit frisch 100% SYNTH. ESTER pur 130 mPas 99,5% SYNTH. ESTER + 0,5 % HDPimid 140 mPas 98,0% SYNTH. ESTER + 2 % HDPimid 140 mPas 89,6% SYNTH. ESTER + 10,4% HDPimid 160 mPas VDV und scheinbare dynamische Viskosität nach 96 Std. bei 150°C 39,6 % 21,3 % 13,6 % 8,5 % 13500 mPas 1400 mPas 580 mPas 360 mPas VDV und scheinbare dynamische Viskosität nach 120 Std. bei 150°C 46,5 % 25,3 % 15,7 % 10,6 % 70000 mPas 2400 mPas 700 mPas 460 mPas TGA VDV bis 260°C nach KL Standard 40,0 % 35,4 % 32,5 % 23,2 % VDV: Verdampfungsverlust;
HDPimid: Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid - Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß bei Hochtemperaturölen durch die Zugabe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten ohne Zugabe von weiteren Antioxidantien in der Schmierfettzusammensetzung eine deutliche Viskositätssenkung und Senkung des Verdampfungsverlustes unter Temperaturbelastung TGA-VDV (5 g Einwaage bei 230°C) gezeigt werden kann.
- Es wurde ein aminisches Antioxidant (Naugalube 438L) in einer Konzentration von 1 Gewichts-% in allen nachfolgend untersuchten Proben verwendet, als Basisöl wurde ein synthetischer Ester verwendet. Bei dem synthetischen Ester handelt es sich einen Dipentaerytithester mit kurzkettigen Fettsäuren, der unter der Bezeichnung Hatco 2926 erhältlich ist. Die verwendeten ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind nachstehend genannt.
Tabelle 4 Auswirkung auf die Viskosität ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Anfangsviskosität. * in mPas Viskosität in mPas nach 24h Viskosität in mPas nach 48h Viskosität in mPas nach 72h - 99,0% SYNTH. ESTER 173 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,1% MBPimid 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 182 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,3% MBPimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 192 93517 verlackt verlackt 0,1% HMP 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 176 176740 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HMP 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 187 63402 verlackt verlackt 0,1% HMIMimid 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 176 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,3% HMIMimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 185 30100 verlackt verlackt 0,1% BuPPFET 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 176 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,3% BuPPFET 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 181 70776 verlackt verlackt 0,1% HPYimid 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 185 25208 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HPYimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 176 4314 24367 verlackt 0,1% MoAac 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 176 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,3% MoAac 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 178 verlackt verlackt verlackt 0,1% MBPPFET 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 179 21164 verlackt verlackt 0,3% MBPPFET 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 181 14817 22392 verlackt 0,1% HMIMPFET 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 178 79979 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HMIMPFET 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 179 verlackt verlackt verlackt 1,0% MBPimid 98,0% SYNTH. ESTER 181 14726 46721 verlackt 0,1% HDPimid 98,9% SYNTH. ESTER 174 90883 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 178 55759 verlackt verlackt * scheinbare dynamische Viskosität, nach 60s Scherzeit bei 300 1/sec, Kegel / Platte / 20°C
MBPimid = Butylmethylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid,
HMP = Hexylmethylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid,
HMIMimid = Hexylmethylimidazolium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid,
BuPPFET = Tetrabutylphosphonium-tris(perfluorethyl)trifluorphosphat,
HPYimid = Hexylpyridinium-bis(trifluromethyl)sulfonylimid,
MOAac = Methyltrioktylammonium-trifluoracetat,
MBPPFET = Butylmethylpyrrolidinium-tris(pentafluorethyl)trifluorphosphat,
HMIMPFET = Hexylmethylimidazolium-tris(perfluorethyl)trifluorphoshat
HPDimid = Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imid.Tabelle 4a Auswirkung auf den Verdampfungsverlust ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Verdampfungsverlust nach 24 h - 99,0% SYNTH. ESTER 70 - 75 % 0,3% HMP 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 53 % 0,3% HPYimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 39 % 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER 53 % - Die obigen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch die Zugabe einer ionischen Flüssigkeit der Anstieg der Viskosität und der Verdampfungsverlust der Schmierstoffe verringert werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, daß ein Schmierstoff, der nur ein aminisches Antioxidant enthält, bereits nach 24 Stunden "verlackt", wohingegen durch die Zugabe der ionischen Flüssigkeit eine Verlackung erst nach 24 bis 48 Stunden eintritt, bei Zugabe von 0,3 Gewichts-% HPYimid bzw. MBPPFET sowie 1,0 Gewichts-% MBPimid tritt eine Verlackung des Schmierstoffes erst zwischen 48 bis 72 Stunden auf. Außerdem wird der Verdampfungsverlust der Schmierstoffe erniedrigt. Tabelle 5 zeigt zusammengefaßt die Ergebnisse von Tabelle 4.
Tabelle 5 Schmierstoffzusammensetzung Verlackungszeit 99,0% SYNTH. ESTER + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT < 7h 98,9 bzw. 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT + 0,1 bzw 0,3 % MBPimid; HMP; HMIMimid; BuPPFET; MBPPFET; HIMIMPFET; HDPimid bzw. 0,1% HPYimid oder 0,1 % MBPPFET > 24h und < 48h 98,9 bzw. 98,7% SYNTH. ESTER + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT + 0,3% (HPYimid oder MBPPFET oder 1,0 % MBPimid > 48h und < 72h - Es wurde als natives Esteröl geblasenes Rüböl "Rümanol 404" verwendet. Es wurde ein aminisches Antioxidant (Naugalube 438L) in einer Konzentration von 1 Gewichts-% in allen nachfolgend untersuchten Proben verwendet. Die verwendeten ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind nachstehend genannt.
Tabelle 6 ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Anfangsviskosität * in mPas Viskosität in mPas nach 24h Viskosität in mPas nach 48h Viskosität in mPas nach 72h - 99,0% NAT. ESTERÖL 112 20152 verlackt verlackt 0,1% MOAac 98,9% NAT. ESTERÖL 123 505 39177 verlackt 0,3% MOAac 98,7% NAT. ESTERÖL 127 176 21856 verlackt 0,1% Ecoeng 500 98,9% NAT. ESTERÖL 121 72249 verlackt verlackt 0,3% Ecoeng 500 98,7% NAT. ESTERÖL 117 34383 verlackt verlackt 0,1% HDPimid 98,9% NAT. ESTERÖL 114 14641 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% NAT. ESTERÖL 118 15303 verlackt verlackt 1,0% MOAac 98,0% NAT. ESTERÖL 124 120 1613 verlackt * scheinbare dynamische Viskosität, nach 60s Scherzeit bei 300 1/sec, Kegel / Platte / 20°C
MOAac = Methyltrioktylammonium-trifluoracetat,
HPDimid = Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imid,
Ecoeng 500 = PEG-5-cocomonium-methylsulfat.Tabelle 6 a ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Verdampfungsverlust nach 24 h - 99,0% NAT. ESTERÖL 7,0 % 0,1% MOAac 98,9% NAT. ESTERÖL 2,6 % 0,3% MOAac 98,7% NAT. ESTERÖL 1,8 % 0,1% HDPimid 98,9% NAT. ESTERÖL 2,9 % 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% NAT. ESTERÖL 3,0 % 1,0% MOAac 98,0% NAT. ESTERÖL 2,0 % - Die obigen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch die Zugabe einer ionischen Flüssigkeit der Anstieg der Viskosität und der Verdampfungsverlust des nativen Esteröls verringert werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, daß ein natives Esteröl, das nur ein aminisches Antioxidant enthält, bereits nach 24 bis 48 Stunden "verlackt", wohingegen durch die Zugabe der ionischen Flüssigkeit eine Verlackung erst nach 48 bis 72 Stunden eintritt. Tabelle 7 zeigt zusammengefaßt die Ergebnisse von Tabelle 6.
Tabelle 7 Schmierfettzusammensetzung Verlackungszeit 99% NAT. ESTERÖL + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT > 24h und < 48h NAT. ESTERÖL + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT + MOAac in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von 0,1 bis 1 % > 48h und < 72h zusätzlich Viskositätserniedrigung gegenüber Standard! - Es wurde als natürliches Esteröl Sonnenblumenöl verwendet. Es wurde ein aminisches Antioxidant (Naugalube 438L) in einer Konzentration von 1 Gewichts-% in allen nachfolgend untersuchten Proben verwendet. Die verwendeten ionischen Flüssigkeiten sind nachstehend genannt.
Tabelle 8 ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Anfangsviskosität * in mPas Viskosität in mPas nach 24h Viskosität in mPas nach 48h Viskosität in mPas nach 72h - 99,0% Sonnenblumenöl 102 14190 verlackt verlackt 0,1% MOAac 98,9% Sonnenblumenöl 113 142 51891 verlackt 0,3% MOAac 98,7% Sonnenblumenöl 108 173 13820 verlackt 0,1% Ecoeng 500 98,9% Sonnenblumenöl 106 4652 verlackt verlackt 0,1% HDPimid 98,9% Sonnenblumenöl 113 5580 verlackt verlackt 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% Sonnenblumenöl 114 4002 verlackt verlackt 1,0% MOAac 98,0% Sonnenblumenöl 109 116 1999 verlackt scheinbare dynamische Viskosität, nach 60s Scherzeit bei 300 1/sec, Kegel / Platte / 20°C
MOAac = Methyltrioktylammonium-trifluoracetat,
HPDimid = Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imid,
Ecoeng 500 = PEG-5-ccomonium-methylsulfat.Tabelle 8 a ionische Flüssigkeit Öl Verdampfungsverlust nach 24 h - 99,0% Sonnenblumenöl 4,5 % 0,1% MOAac 98,9% Sonnenblumenöl 1,9 % 0,3% MOAac 98,7% Sonnenblumenöl 0,6 % 0,1% HDPimid 98,9% Sonnenblumenöl 4,4 % 0,3% HDPimid 98,7% Sonnenblumenöl 4,2 % 1,0% MOAac 98,0% Sonnenblumenöl 1,4 % - Die obigen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß durch die Zugabe einer ionischen Flüssigkeit der Anstieg der Viskosität und der Verdampfungsverlust des natürlichen Esteröls verringert werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, daß ein natürliches Esteröl, das nur ein aminisches Antioxidant enthält, bereits nach 24 bis 48 Stunden "verlackt", wohingegen durch die Zugabe von MoAac als ionischer Flüssigkeit eine Verlackung erst nach 48 bis 72 Stunden eintritt. Tabelle 9 zeigt zusammengefaßt die Ergebnisse von Tabelle 8.
Tabelle 9 Musterzusammensetzung Verlackungszeit 99% Sonnenblumenöl + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT > 24h und < 48h Sonnenblumenöl + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT + IL (Ecoeng 500; HDPimid) > 24h und < 48h; aber Viskositätserniedrigung gegenüber Standard 98,9 bis 98% Sonnenblumenöl + 1% AMINISCHER ANTIOXIDANT + MOAac in Konzentrationen von 0,1 bis 1 % > 48h und < 72h Viskositätserniedrigung gegenüber Standard - Die vorstehenden Beispiele zeigen die vorteilhafte Wirkung der Zugabe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten zu synthetischen, mineralischen und natürlichen Ölen, hinsichtlich der Viskositätserniedrigung, der Erniedrigung des Verdampfungsverlustes, sowie der Verringerung des oxidativen und thermischen Abbaus der Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen.
Claims (4)
- Verwendung einer Schmierstoffzusammensetzung enthaltend(a) 5 bis 95 Gew.-% eines Grundöl oder Grundölmischung auf Basis von synthetischen, mineralischen oder nativen Ölen, die einzeln oder in Kombination verwendet werden,(b) 0,05 bis 40 Gew.-% einer ionischen Flüssigkeit ausgewählt wird aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Butyl-methylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, Methylpropylpyrrolidinium- bis(trifluormethyl-sulfonyl)imid, Hexylmethylimidazolium-tris(perfluorethyl)-trifluorphoshat, Hexylmethylimidazolium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, Hexylmethylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imid, Tetrabutylphosphonium-tris(perfluorethyl)trifluorphosphat, Oktylmethylimidazolium-hexafluorphosphat, Methyltrioktylammonium-trifluoracetat, Butylmethylpyrrolidinium-tris(pentafluorethyl)trifluorphosphat, Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imid und(c) 0,1 bis 10 Gew.-% eines Additivs oder eines Additivgemisches, zum Schutz der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung gegen oxidativen und thermischen Abbau als Kettenöl im Hochtemperaturbereich bis 250°C, zur Senkung des elektrischen Widerstandes der Öle in Eisenbahnradlagern, in Wälzlagern mit Stromdurchgang, im Automobilbereich und in Elektromotoren.
- Verwendung der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundöl auf der Basis von synthetischem Öl ausgewählt wird aus einem Ester einer aliphatischen oder aromatischen Di-, Tri- oder Tetracarbonsäure mit einem oder in Mischung vorliegenden C7- bis C22-Alkoholen, aus einem Polyphenylether oder alkyliertem Di- oder Triphenylether, aus einem Ester von Trimethylolpropan, aus Pentaerythrit oder Dipentaerythrit mit aliphatischen C7 bis C22- Carbonsäuren, aus C18-Dimersäureestern mit C7- bis C22-Alkoholen, aus Komplexestern, als Einzelkomponenten oder in beliebiger Mischung besteht, oder ausgewählt wird aus Poly-α-Olefinen, alkylierten Naphthalinen, alkylierten Benzolen, Polyglykolen, Silikonölen, Perfluorpolyethern und Gas to Liquid (GTL)-Fluids, Biomass to Liquid (BTL)-Fluids oder Coal to Liquid (CTL)-Fluids.
- Verwendung der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundöl auf der Basis von mineralischem Öl ausgewählt wird aus parafinbasischen-, naphthenbasischen-, aromatischen Hydrocrackölen.
- Verwendung der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Grundöl auf der Basis von nativem Öl ausgewählt wird aus genetisch modifiziertem Triglyceridöl, genetisch modifiziertem Pflanzenöl einschließlich Safloröl, Maisöl, Rapsöl, Sonnenblumenöl, Sojabohnenöl, Leinsamenöl, Erdnußöl, Lesquerella-Öl, Meadowfoam-Öl und Palmenöl.
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JP2007112828A (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-10 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 潤滑剤組成物 |
EP1953211A4 (de) * | 2005-11-14 | 2011-03-23 | Nippon Synthetic Chem Ind | Synthetisches schmiermittel |
JP2007191523A (ja) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-08-02 | Nsk Ltd | グリース組成物 |
JP2007217609A (ja) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-30 | Nsk Ltd | グリース組成物及び軸受 |
JP2008133309A (ja) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-12 | Nsk Ltd | グリース組成物及び転動装置 |
JP2008274021A (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-13 | Nsk Ltd | グリース組成物および転動装置 |
-
2007
- 2007-06-20 DE DE102007028427A patent/DE102007028427A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-05-20 EP EP08758646.7A patent/EP2164934B1/de active Active
- 2008-05-20 RU RU2010101285/04A patent/RU2516705C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-20 WO PCT/EP2008/004036 patent/WO2008154998A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-05-20 KR KR1020097023886A patent/KR20090130138A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2008-05-20 CA CA002687498A patent/CA2687498A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-20 JP JP2010512543A patent/JP2010530447A/ja active Pending
- 2008-05-20 BR BRPI0813381A patent/BRPI0813381B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-20 US US12/452,218 patent/US20100187481A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-20 KR KR1020127008205A patent/KR20120048035A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-05-20 CN CN200880020869A patent/CN101688144A/zh active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-04-12 US US13/445,314 patent/US8697618B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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None * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020102462A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | IoLiTec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH | Ionische Flüssigkeiten enthaltende Schmierstoffzusammensetzung |
EP3872154A1 (de) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-09-01 | Klüber Lubrication München SE & Co. KG | Ionische flüssigkeiten enthaltende schmierstoffzusammensetzung |
US11312916B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2022-04-26 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | Lubricant composition containing ionic liquids |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008154998A1 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
KR20120048035A (ko) | 2012-05-14 |
DE102007028427A1 (de) | 2008-12-24 |
CA2687498A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2010530447A (ja) | 2010-09-09 |
RU2010101285A (ru) | 2011-07-27 |
US8697618B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
US20100187481A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
RU2516705C2 (ru) | 2014-05-20 |
CN101688144A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
BRPI0813381B1 (pt) | 2017-05-30 |
BRPI0813381A2 (pt) | 2014-12-30 |
US20120202724A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
KR20090130138A (ko) | 2009-12-17 |
EP2164934A1 (de) | 2010-03-24 |
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