CN101671307B - 杂环天冬氨酰蛋白酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
杂环天冬氨酰蛋白酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101671307B CN101671307B CN200910163552.3A CN200910163552A CN101671307B CN 101671307 B CN101671307 B CN 101671307B CN 200910163552 A CN200910163552 A CN 200910163552A CN 101671307 B CN101671307 B CN 101671307B
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- heterocyclylalkyl
- aryl
- cycloalkyl
- arylalkyl
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了下式(I)的化合物或者其立体异构体、互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。还公开了天冬氨酰蛋白酶的抑制方法,特别是心血管疾病、认知疾病和神经变性疾病的治疗方法以及人免疫缺陷病毒、疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶(plasmepsin)、组织蛋白酶D和原虫酶的抑制方法。还公开了式(I)化合物与胆碱酯酶抑制剂或毒蕈碱拮抗剂联合用于治疗认知疾病或神经变性疾病的方法。
Description
本申请是以下申请的分案申请:申请日2004年12月13日,申请号200480041516.5(PCT/US2004/041700),标题“杂环天冬氨酰蛋白酶抑制剂”。
技术领域
本发明涉及杂环天冬氨酰蛋白酶抑制剂、含所述化合物的药物组合物、它们在治疗心血管疾病、认知疾病和神经变性疾病中的用途以及它们作为人免疫缺陷病毒、疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶(plasmepsin)、组织蛋白酶D和原虫酶抑制剂的用途。
背景技术
迄今已知,A1(胃蛋白酶样)家族的8种人类天冬氨酸蛋白酶涉及各种病理病症:胃蛋白酶A和C、肾素、BACE、BACE2、Napsin A、组织蛋白酶D。
人们已经确认肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)在调节血压及体液电解质中的作用(Oparil,S.等,N Engl J Med 1974;291:381-401/446-57)。八肽血管紧张素-II是一种强效血管收缩剂和刺激肾上腺醛固酮释放的物质,由前体十肽血管紧张素-I加工得到,而十肽血管紧张素-I又由血管紧张素原通过肾素酶加工产生。还发现血管紧张素-II参与血管平滑肌细胞生长、发炎、活性氧中间体的产生及血栓形成,并影响动脉粥样化形成及血管损伤。在临床上,通过拮抗血管紧张素-I的转化而中断血管紧张素-II的产生,由此获得的益处是大家所熟知的,并且市场上也有许多ACE抑制剂药物。预计阻断血管紧张素原至血管紧张素-I的早期转化(即抑制肾素酶),可产生类似但并不完全相同的效果。因为肾素是一种天冬氨酰蛋白酶,其唯一天然底物是血管紧张素原,所以人们认为,抑制肾素将会减少出现调控高血压的副作用以及血管紧张素-II调节的相关症状。
另一种蛋白酶,即组织蛋白酶D涉及溶酶体生源及蛋白质靶向,还可能参与抗原加工及肽片段的呈递。组织蛋白酶D涉及许多疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease)、结缔组织病、肌肉萎缩症及乳腺癌。
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最终致命的进行性神经变性疾病。疾病的进程伴随着与记忆、推理、定向以及判断相关的认知功能的逐渐丧失。行为变化(包括精神错乱、抑郁和攻击行为)也表明了疾病的进程。相信是因为海马和大脑皮层中神经元功能改变和神经元损失而导致认知及行为功能障碍。现有的AD治疗是治标性治疗,虽然它们可以改善认知障碍和行为障碍,但是并不能阻止疾病的进程。因此,不符合中止疾病进程的AD治疗的医学要求。
AD的病理标志是胞外β淀粉状蛋白(Aβ)斑的沉积以及由异常磷酸化τ(tau)蛋白构成的胞内神经原纤维缠结。AD患者在已知对记忆和认知很重要的脑区出现了特征性Aβ沉积。相信Aβ是神经元细胞损伤以及与认知和行为衰退相关的功能障碍的根本病原体。淀粉状蛋白斑主要包含由40-42个氨基酸残基构成的Aβ肽,Aβ肽通过加工淀粉状蛋白前体蛋白(APP)产生。通过多种不同的蛋白酶活性加工APP。β分泌酶在对应于Aβ的N端位置切割APP,然后γ分泌酶在其C端位置切割APP,得到Aβ肽。APP还可被α分泌酶切割,产生分泌型非淀粉状蛋白生成片段(通常称为可溶性APP)。
一种称为BACE-1的天冬氨酰蛋白酶被鉴定为在对应于Aβ肽的N端位置负责切割APP的β分泌酶。
累积的生物化学证据及遗传学证据表明,Aβ在AD的病因中起主要作用。例如,已证实Aβ在体外及注入啮齿动物脑后对神经元细胞都具有毒性。而且,已知在遗传性早发作性AD中存在已确认的APP突变或早老蛋白。这些突变增加了Aβ的生成,被认为是AD的病因。
因为Aβ肽的形成是β分泌酶活性的结果,所以抑制BACE-1应该可抑制Aβ肽的形成。因此,抑制BACE-1是一种用于AD及其它由Aβ斑沉积引起的认知疾病和神经变性疾病的治疗方法。
人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)的病原体。在临床上已证明,为HIV天冬氨酰蛋白酶抑制剂的化合物(例如茚地那韦、利托那韦和沙奎那韦)使得病毒负荷降低。因此,预计本发明化合物可用于治疗AIDS。传统上,研究人员的主要目标是HIV-1蛋白酶,HIV-1蛋白酶是一种与肾素相关的天冬氨酰蛋白酶。
此外,人类T细胞白血病病毒I型(HTLV-I)是一种人反转录病毒,在临床上与成人T细胞白血病和其它慢性疾病有关。象其它反转录病毒一样,HTLV-1需要天冬氨酰蛋白酶来加工病毒前体蛋白,产生成熟病毒体。这使得天冬氨酰蛋白酶成为抑制剂设计的富有吸引力的靶。Moore等,Purification of HTLV-I Protease and Synthesis of Inhibitorsfor the treatment of HTLV-I Infection(HTLV-I蛋白酶的纯化及用于治疗HTLV-I感染的抑制剂的合成),55th Southeast Regional Meeting ofthe American Chemical Society(第55届美国化学学会东南区会议),Atlanta,GA,US,2003年11月16-19日,1073.CODEN;69EUCHConference,AN 2004:137641CAPLUS。
疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶(plasmepsin)是疟原虫的必需天冬氨酸蛋白酶。抑制天冬氨酸蛋白酶——疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶(特别是I、II、IV及HAP)的化合物正被开发用于治疗疟疾。Freire等,WO2002074719;Na Byoung-Kuk等,Aspartic proteases of Plasmodium vivaxare Highly conserved in wild isolates(间日疟原虫的天冬氨酸蛋白酶在野生分离株中高度保守),Korean Journal of Prasitology(2004年6月),42(2)61-6,期刊代码:9435800。而且,靶向天冬氨酸蛋白酶——疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶(例如I、II、IV和HAP)所用的化合物已用于杀灭疟原虫,由此治疗受其困扰的患者。某些化合物还具有对组织蛋白酶D的抑制活性。
发明内容
本发明涉及具有以下结构式I的化合物或者其立体异构体、互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,
其中
W为化学键、-C(=S)-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(=O)-、-O-、-C(R6)(R7)-、-N(R5)-或-C(=N(R5))-;
X为-O-、-N(R5)-或-C(R6)(R7)-;前提条件是当X为-O-时,则U不为-O-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(=O)-或-C(=NR5)-;
U为化学键、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、-O-、-P(O)(OR15)-、-C(=NR5)-、-(C(R6)(R7))b-或-N(R5)-;其中b为1或2;前提条件是当W为-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-O-或-N(R5)-时,则U不为-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-O-或-N(R5)-;前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-且W为-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-O-或-N(R5)-时,则U不为化学键;
R1、R2和R5独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、-OR15、-CN、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-S(O)R10、-S(O)2R10、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-NO2、-N=C(R8)2和-N(R8)2,前提条件是R1和R5不同时选自-NO2、-N=C(R8)2和-N(R8)2;
R3、R4、R6和R7独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CH2-O-Si(R9)(R10)(R19)、-SH、-CN、-OR9、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)、-N(R11)C(O)OR9和-C(=NOH)R8;前提条件是当U为-O-或-N(R5)-时,则R3、R4、R6和R7不为卤素、-SH、-OR9、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)或-N(R11)C(O)OR9;前提条件是当W为-O-或-N(R5)-时,则R3和R4不为卤素、-SH、-OR9、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)或-N(R11)C(O)OR9;前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-、W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则R3、R4、R6和R7不为卤素、-CN、-SH、-OR9、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)或-S(O)2N(R11)(R12);或者
R3、R4、R6和R7与它们所连接的碳原子一起构成3-7元环烷基或3-7元环烷基醚,并且它们任选被R14取代;或者
R3和R4或者R6和R7与它们所连接的碳原子一起构成多环基团,例如:
其中M是-CH2-、S、-N(R19)-或O,A和B独立地为芳基或杂芳基,q为0、1或2,前提条件是当q为2时,则一个M必须是碳原子,当q为2时,则M任选为双键;前提条件是当R3、R4、R6和R7构成所述多环基团时,
则相邻的R3和R4或者R6和R7不能结合在一起构成所述多环基团;
R8独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-OR15、-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)和-N(R15)C(O)OR16;
R9独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基和杂芳基烷基;
R10独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基和-N(R15)(R16);
R11、R12和R13独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-S(O)R10、-S(O)2R10、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)和-CN;
R14为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)和-N(R15)C(O)OR16;
R15、R16和R17独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、芳基杂环烷基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-环烷基烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-杂环烷基烷基、R18-芳基、R18-芳基烷基、R18-杂芳基和R18-杂芳基烷基;或者
R15、R16和R17为
其中R23为0-5个取代基,m为0-6,n为1-5;
R18为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基、-NO2、卤素、杂芳基、HO-烷氧基烷基、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R19、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR19、-C(O)NHR20、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH2-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR19、-S(O)2R20、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR19、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OCF3、-OH、-OR20、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR20、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)-(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R20、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R20、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R18可以连接在一起构成
R19为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R20为烷基、环烷基、芳基、卤代芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
其中在R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13和R14中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R21取代的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-CH(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-R15、-CH2N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-S(O)R15、=NOR15、-N3、-NO2和-S(O)2R15,其中在R21中的烷基、环烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R22取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-烷基-C(O)OR15、C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-N3、=NOR15、-NO2、-S(O)R15和-S(O)2R15;或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R21或两个R22可以连接在一起构成
当R21或R22选自-C(=NOR15)R16、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16和-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16时,R15与R16一起可以为C2至C4链,其中任选1-3个环碳原子可被-C(O)-或-N(H)-置换,并且R15和R16与它们所连接的原子一起构成任选被R23取代的5-7元环;
R23为1-5个独立选自以下的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、-C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;其中在R23中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R27取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、烷基-C(O)OR24、C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;
R24、R25和R26独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、R27-烷基、R27-环烷基、R27-环烷基烷基、R27-杂环烷基、R27-杂环烷基烷基、R27-芳基、R27-芳基烷基、R27-杂芳基和R27-杂芳基烷基;
R27为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-NO2、卤素、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R28、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR28、-C(O)NHR29、-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR28、-S(O)2R29、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR28、-S(O)2NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OH、-OR29、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR29、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R29、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R29、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);
R28为烷基、环烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R29为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
前提条件是当W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则R1不是任选取代的苯基,当U为-C(O)-且W为化学键时,则R5不是任选取代的苯基;
前提条件是R1和R5均不为-C(O)-烷基-吖丁啶酮或被(-COOR15或-C(O)N(R15)(R16))及(-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-N(R15)C(O)OR16)二取代的烷基;
前提条件是当R1为甲基,X为-N(R5)-,R2为H,W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则(R3,R4)不为(H,H)、(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);当W为化学键且U为-C(O)-时,则(R3,R4)不为(H,H)、(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);
前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-,R1和R5均为H,W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则(R3,R4)不为(任选取代的苯基、任选取代的苄基)、(任选取代的苯基,杂芳基烷基)或(杂芳基,杂芳基烷基);
前提条件是当U为化学键,W为-C(O)-,且R3和R4与它们所连接的碳原子构成环时,则R1不为2-CF3-3-CN-苯基;
前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-,U为-O-且W为化学键或-C(R6)(R7)-时,则(R3,R4)不为(H,-NHC(O)-烷基-杂芳基)或(H,烷基-NHC(O)-烷基-杂芳基);
前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-时,则R1和R5不为-烷基芳基-芳基-SO2-N(R15)(R16),其中R15为H,R16为杂芳基;
前提条件是当R1为R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基,其中R21为-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-S(O)2CF3、-S(O)烷基、-S(O)2烷基、-S(O)2CHF2、-S(O)2CF2CF3、-OCF2CHF2、-OCHF2、-OCH2CF3、-SF5或-S(O)2NR15R16,其中R15和R16独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-芳基和R18-杂芳基;U为化学键或-CH2;且X为-N(R5)-时;则R5为H;
前提条件是当U为化学键,
R3和R4为烷基、
(其中R21为卤素、-CN、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基)或者R3和R4与它们所连接的碳原子一起构成3-7元环烷基,
R1为
(其中a为0-6,R22为烷基、烷氧基、卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO2或卤代烷基)时;
则R21a不为H、-C(O)2R15,其中R15选自烷基、环烷基以及被苯基、烷基或烷基-R22取代的烷基,其中R22选自苯基、被烷基取代的苯基以及其中R22选自H、甲氧基、硝基、氧代、-OH、卤素和烷基、
另一方面,本发明涉及一种药物组合物,该组合物包含至少一种式I化合物以及药学上可接受的载体。
另一方面,本发明包括抑制天冬氨酰蛋白酶的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者至少一种式I化合物。
更具体地讲,本发明包括:治疗心血管疾病的方法,如高血压、肾衰竭或通过抑制肾素调节的疾病;治疗人免疫缺陷病毒的方法;治疗认知疾病或神经变性疾病的方法,例如阿尔茨海默病;抑制疟原虫天冬氨酸蛋白酶I和II的方法,用于治疗疟疾;抑制组织蛋白酶D的方法,用于治疗阿尔茨海默病、乳腺癌及卵巢癌;以及抑制原虫酶的方法,例如抑制恶性疟原虫(Plasmodium falciparnum),用于治疗真菌感染。所述治疗方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者至少一种式I化合物。本发明特别包括治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者至少一种式I化合物。
另一方面,本发明包括治疗阿尔茨海默病的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者至少一种式I化合物与胆碱酯酶抑制剂或毒蕈碱拮抗剂的联合药物。
最后一方面,本发明涉及一种单一包装的药盒,该药盒包括分别在独立容器中的用于联合给药的各药物组合物,其中第一个容器装有式I化合物和药学上可接受的载体,第二个容器装有胆碱酯酶抑制剂或毒蕈碱拮抗剂和药学上可接受的载体,联合用量是有效治疗认知疾病或神经变性疾病(例如阿尔茨海默病)的剂量。
具体实施方式
式I的化合物(其中X、W及U的定义同上)包括以下各个优选的结构:
在式IA至IF的化合物中,U优选化学键或-C(R6)(R7)-。在式IG和IH的化合物中,U优选-C(O)-。
应当理解得是,由于R1的定义与R5的定义相同,所以当X为-N(R5)-时,则W为化学键且U为化学键、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、-O-、-C(R6)(R7)-或-N(R5)-的式I化合物等同于U为化学键且W为化学键、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、-O-、-C(R6)(R7)-或-N(R5)-的式I化合物。
本发明化合物更优选U为化学键的式IB化合物或U为-C(R6)(R7)-的式IB化合物。
另一组优选的式I化合物是R2为H的式I化合物。
R3、R4、R6和R7优选选自烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CH2-O-Si(R9)(R10)(R19)、-SH、-CN、-OR9、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)、-N(R11)C(O)OR9和-C(=NOH)R8。
R3、R4、R6和R7优选选自芳基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、烷基和环烷基烷基。
在一组优选的化合物中,
U为化学键或-C(O)-;
W为化学键或-C(O)-;
X为-N(R5)-;
R1为H、烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R2为H;
R3为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R4为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R5为H、烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R6为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R7为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R21为烷基、芳基、卤素、-OR15、-NO2、-C(O)R15、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-CH(R15)(R16);
n为1;
m为1;
R18为-OR20;
R20为芳基;
R23为烷基。
在一组优选的化合物中,
R3、R4、R6和R7为
R1和R5为H、CH3、
在另一组优选的化合物中
U为化学键或-C(O)-;
W为化学键或-C(O)-;
X为-N(R5)-;
R1为H、烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R2为H;
R3为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R4为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R5为H、烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R6为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R7为烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
n为1或2;
m为0或1;
R18为-OR20或卤素;
R20为芳基或卤代芳基;
R21为烷基、芳基、杂芳基、R22-烷基、R22-芳基、R22-杂芳基、卤素、杂环烷基、-N(R15)(R16)、-OR15、-NO2、-C(O)R15、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-CH(R15)(R16);
R22为-OR15或卤素;
R23为H或烷基。
除非另有说明,否则上文使用的下列术语在整个说明书中具有以下的含义:
“患者”包括人和动物。
“哺乳动物”是指人及其它哺乳类动物。
“烷基”是指在链中包含约1个至约20个碳原子的直链或支链的脂肪族烃基。优选的烷基在链中包括约1个至约12个碳原子。更优选的烷基在链中包括约1个至约6个碳原子。支链是指一个或多个低级烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)连接于线性烷基链。“低级烷基”是指具有约1个至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。合适的烷基的非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、庚基、壬基及癸基。R32-取代的烷基包括氟甲基、三氟甲基和环丙基甲基。
“烯基”是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且在链中包含约2个至约15个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基。优选的烯基在链中具有约2个至约12个碳原子,更优选在链中具有约2个至约6个碳原子。支链是指一个或多个低级烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)连接于线性烯基链。“低级烯基”是指具有约2个至约6个碳原子的直链或支链烯基。合适的烯基的非限制性实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、正丁烯基、3-甲基丁-2-烯基、正戊烯基、辛烯基及癸烯基。
“炔基”是指包含至少一个碳碳三键并且在链中包含约2个至约15个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基。优选的炔基在链中具有约2个至约12个碳原子,更优选在链中具有约2个至约4个碳原子。支链是指一个或多个低级烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)连接于线性炔基链。“低级炔基”是指具有约2个至约6个碳原子的直链或支链炔基。合适的炔基的非限制性实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、2-丁炔基、3-甲基丁炔基、正戊炔基和癸炔基。
“芳基”是指包含约6个至约14个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统,优选包含约6个至约10个碳原子。芳基任选被一个或多个相同或不同的如本文定义的取代基(例如R18、R21、R22等)取代,或者在相邻碳原子上的两个取代基可连接在一起构成
合适的芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基和萘基。
“杂芳基”是指包含约5个至约14个环原子,优选约5个至约10个环原子的芳族单环或多环系统,其中1-4个环原子是除了碳以外的元素,例如单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合。优选的杂芳基包括约5个至约6个环原子。“杂芳基”可任选被一个或多个相同或不同的如本文定义的R21取代基取代。杂芳基词根名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别是指存在至少一个氮、氧或硫的环原子。杂芳基的氮原子可任选被氧化为相应的N-氧化物。合适的杂芳基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基、吡嗪基、呋喃基、噻吩基、嘧啶基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、呋咱基、吡咯基、吡唑基、三唑基、1,2,4-噻二唑基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、喹喔啉基、酞嗪基、咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基、咪唑并[2,1-b]噻唑基、苯并呋咱基、吲哚基、氮杂吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、咪唑基、噻吩并吡啶基、喹唑啉基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、咪唑并吡啶基、异喹啉基、苯并氮杂吲哚基、1,2,4-三嗪基、苯并噻唑基等。
“环烷基”是指包含约3个至约10个碳原子,优选约5个至约10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环系统。优选的环烷基环包括约5个至约7个环原子。环烷基任选被一个或多个相同或不同的如上定义的R21取代基取代。合适的单环环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基等。合适的多环环烷基的非限制性实例包括1-萘烷、降冰片烷基、金刚烷基等。环烷基的更多非限制性实例包括下列基团:
“环烷基醚”是指包含氧原子和2-7个碳原子的3-7元非芳族环。环碳原子可被取代,前提条件是与环氧相邻的取代基不包括卤素或通过氧、氮或硫原子与环连接的取代基。
“环烯基”是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且包含约3个至约10个碳原子,优选约5个至约10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环系统。环烯基环任选被一个或多个相同或不同的如上定义的R21取代基取代。优选的环烯基环包括约5个至约7个环原子。合适的单环环烯基的非限制性实例包括环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基等。合适的多环环烯基的非限制性实例是降冰片烯基。
“杂环烯基”是指包含约3个至约10个环原子(优选约5个至约10个环原子)以及至少一个碳碳双键或碳氮双键的非芳族单环或多环系统,并且在环系统中的一个或多个原子是除了碳以外的元素,例如单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合。所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子。优选的杂环烯基环包括约5个至约6个环原子。杂环烯基词根名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别是指存在至少一个氮、氧或硫的环原子。杂环烯基可任选被一个或多个环系统取代基取代,其中“环系统取代基”如上文中的定义。杂环烯基的氮原子或硫原子可任选被氧化为相应的N-氧化物、S-氧化物或S,S-二氧化物。合适的单环氮杂环烯基的非限制性实例包括1,2,3,4-四氢吡啶、1,2-二氢吡啶基、1,4-二氢吡啶基、1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶、1,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、2-咪唑啉基、2-吡唑啉基等。合适的氧杂环烯基的非限制性实例包括3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃、二氢呋喃基、氟代二氢呋喃基等。合适的多环氧杂环烯基的非限制性实例包括7-氧杂双环[2.2.1]庚烯基。合适的单环硫杂环烯基环的非限制性实例包括二氢噻吩基、二氢噻喃基等。
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。优选氟、氯或溴,更优选氟和氯。
“卤代烷基”是指如上定义的烷基,并且烷基中的一个或多个氢原子被以上定义的卤素置换。
“杂环基”(或杂环烷基)是指包含约3个至约10个环原子(优选约5个至约10个环原子)的非芳族的饱和单环或多环系统,并且环系统中的1-3个(优选1-2个)原子是除了碳以外的元素,例如单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合。所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子。优选的杂环基包括约5个至约6个环原子。杂环基词根名前的前缀氮杂、氧杂或硫杂分别是指存在至少一个氮、氧或硫的环原子。杂环基可任选被一个或多个相同或不同的如本文定义的R21取代基取代。杂环基的氮或硫原子可任选被氧化为相应的N-氧化物、S-氧化物或S,S-二氧化物。合适的单环杂环基环的非限制性实例包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、噻唑烷基、1,3-二氧戊环基、1,4-二噁烷基、四氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢噻喃基等。
“芳基烷基”是指芳基-烷基,其中芳基和烷基如上文中的定义。优选的芳基烷基包含低级烷基。合适的芳基烷基的非限制性实例包括苄基、2-苯乙基和萘甲基。由烷基与母体部分连接。
“芳基环烷基”是指由本文定义的芳基和环烷基稠合得到的基团。在优选的芳基环烷基中,芳基为苯基,环烷基包含约5个至约6个环原子。芳基环烷基可任选被1-5个R21取代基取代。合适的芳基环烷基的非限制性实例包括茚满基和1,2,3,4-四氢萘基等。由非芳族碳原子与母体部分连接。
“芳基杂环烷基”是指由本文定义的芳基和杂环烷基稠合得到的基团。在优选的芳基杂环烷基中,芳基为苯基,杂环烷基包含约5个至约6个环原子。芳基杂环烷基任选被1-5个R21取代基取代。合适的芳基杂环烷基的非限制性实例包括
由非芳族碳原子与母体部分连接。
类似地,“杂芳基烷基”、“环烷基烷基”和“杂环烷基烷基”是指杂芳基-烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环烷基-烷基,其中杂芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基和烷基如上文中的定义。上述基团优选包含低级烷基。由烷基与母体部分连接。
“酰基”是指H-C(O)-、烷基-C(O)-、烯基-C(O)-、炔基-C(O)-或环烷基-C(O)-,其中所述各基团如上文中的定义。由羰基与母体部分连接。优选的酰基包含低级烷基。合适的酰基的非限制性实例包括甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、2-甲基丙酰基、丁酰基和环己酰基。
“烷氧基”是指烷基-O-,其中烷基如上文中的定义。合适的烷氧基的非限制性实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基和庚氧基。由醚氧与母体部分连接。
“烷氧基烷基”是指由本文定义的烷氧基和烷基衍生的基团。由烷基与母体部分连接。
“芳基烯基”是指由本文定义的芳基和烯基衍生的基团。在优选的芳基烯基中,芳基为苯基,烯基包含约3个至约6个原子。芳基烯基可任选被一个或多个R27取代基取代。由非芳族碳原子与母体部分连接。
“芳基炔基”是指由本文定义的芳基和炔基衍生的基团。在优选的芳基炔基中,芳基为苯基,炔基包含约3个至约6个原子。芳基炔基任选被一个或多个R27取代基取代。由非芳族碳原子与母体部分连接。
术语“任选取代的”是指任选在一个或多个有效位置被指定基团取代。
在环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基部分上的取代包括在环部分和/或烷基部分的取代。
当某个变量在基团中不止出现一次时,例如在-N(R8)2中的R8,或某个变量在式I结构中不止出现一次时,例如R15可能同时出现在R1和R3中,则各处的变量可以是相同或不同的。
除非有其它定义,否则在涉及化合物某些部分(例如取代基、基团或环)的数量时,“一个或多个”和“至少一个”的表述是指该部分的数量可以达至化学上允许的数量,并且本领域技术人员能够判定这些部分的最大数量。在组合物和方法中提到“至少一种式I化合物”时,是指可以同时给予1-3种式I化合物,优选给予一种。
本文使用的术语“组合物”包括含规定剂量的规定成分的产品以及由规定剂量的规定成分直接或间接地组合而获得的任何产品。
画入环系统内的线,例如:
表示所画的线(键)可以连接到任何可取代的环碳原子上。
正如本领域众所周知的那样,当键画在某个具体原子上并且在键的末端没有描绘任何基团时,除非另有说明,否则是指甲基通过该键连接到所述原子上。例如:
还应当注意的是,在本说明书的正文、流程、实施例、结构式及任何表格中出现的未满足化合价的任何杂原子时,假定该杂原子具有一个或多个氢原子以满足化合价。
本领域技术人员应能够理解的是,某些式I化合物有互变异构体,所有这样的互变异构体形式都属于本发明的一部分。例如,X为-N(R5)-且R1和R5均为H的化合物可以是任何以下的结构:
本发明还包括本发明化合物的前药及溶剂化物。本文使用的术语“前药”是指为药物前体的化合物,它在给予接受者后,通过代谢过程或化学过程化学转化为式I化合物或者其盐和/或溶剂化物。有关前药的论述参见T.Higuchi和V.Stella的Pro-drugs as Novel DeliverySystems(1987),A.C.S.专题论文系列第14卷;American PharmaceuticalAssociation and Pergamon Press,Edward B.Roche编辑的BioreversibleCarriers in Drug Design(1987),两文献通过引用结合到本文。
“溶剂化物”是指本发明的化合物物理缔合一个或多个溶剂分子。物理缔合涉及不同程度的离子键结合和共价键结合,包括氢键结合。在某些情况下,溶剂化物能够被分离,例如在一个或多个溶剂分子进入结晶固体的晶格中时。“溶剂化物”包括溶液相溶剂化物和可分离的溶剂化物。合适的溶剂化物的非限制性实例包括乙醇化物、甲醇化物等。“水合物”是溶剂分子为H2O的溶剂化物。
“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是指本发明化合物或组合物有效抑制天冬氨酰蛋白酶和/或抑制BACE-1,从而在适当的患者产生所需治疗效果的剂量。
式I化合物形成的盐也属于本发明范围。除非另有说明,否则在本文提及式I化合物时,应当理解为包括式I化合物的盐。本文使用的术语“盐”是指与无机酸和/或有机酸形成的酸式盐以及与无机碱和/或有机碱形成的碱式盐。此外,当式I化合物包括碱性部分(例如吡啶或咪唑)以及酸性部分时(例如但不限于羧酸),则可以形成两性离子(“内盐”),这些盐也包括在本文使用的术语“盐”中。尽管其它的盐也是有用的,但是优选药学上可接受的(即无毒的生理上可接受的)盐。例如,式I化合物的盐可以如下形成:式I化合物与一定量的酸或碱(例如1当量)在介质中(例如盐在其中沉淀的介质)反应,或者在水性介质中反应,然后冷冻干燥。文献中论述了通常认为适合与碱性(或酸性)药物化合物形成药物可用的盐的酸(和碱),例如S.Berge等,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66(1)1-19;P.Gould,International J.of Pharmaceutics(1986)33 201-217;Anderson等,ThePractice of Medicinal Chemistry(1996),Academic Press,New York;The Orange Book(Food&Drug Administration,Washington,D.C.,在其网站上);P.Heinrich Stahl,Camille G.Wermuth编辑,Handbook ofPharmaceutical Salts :Properties,Selection,and Use,(2002)Int′l.Unionof Pure and Applied Chemistry,p.330-331。以上文献的公开内容通过引用结合到本文。
示例性酸加成盐包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、乙二酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐(pectinate)、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、磺酸盐(例如本文提到的磺酸盐)、酒石酸盐、硫代氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、十一烷酸盐等。
示例性碱式盐包括铵盐、碱金属盐(例如钠盐、锂盐和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)、铝盐、锌盐、与有机碱(例如有机胺,例如苄星青霉素G、二乙胺、二环己胺、海巴胺(hydrabamine)(与N,N-双(脱氢松香基)乙二胺形成)、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖酰胺、叔丁胺、哌嗪、苯基环己胺、胆碱、氨丁三醇)的盐以及与氨基酸(例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等)的盐。碱性含氮基团可以用例如以下的试剂季铵化:低级烷基卤(例如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物及碘化物)、硫酸二烷基酯(例如硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、硫酸二丁酯和硫酸二戊酯)、长链卤化物(例如癸基、月桂基、棕榈基和硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物及碘化物)、芳烷基卤(例如苄基溴和苯乙基溴)等。
所有这样的酸式盐及碱式盐是属于本发明范围的药学上可接受的盐,对于本发明目的来讲,所有的酸式盐及碱性盐被认是等同于相应化合物的游离形式。
本发明包括本发明化合物(包括化合物的盐、溶剂化物和前药以及前药的盐和溶剂化物)所有的立体异构体(例如几何异构体、光学异构体等),例如由于在各种取代基上的不对称碳而存在的立体异构体,包括对映异构体形式(甚至在没有不对称碳的情况下也可能存在)、旋转异构体形式、阻转异构体和非对映异构体形式。例如,本发明化合物的各种立体异构体可以基本不含其它异构体,或者可以是混合物,例如为外消旋物、与所有其它立体异构体的混合物或与所选的其它立体异构体的混合物。本发明的手性中心可具有IUPAC 1974Recommendations定义的S构型或R构型。使用的“盐”、“溶剂化物”、“前药”等术语同样适用于本发明化合物的对映异构体、立体异构体、旋转异构体、互变异构体、外消旋物或前药的盐、溶剂化物及前药。
式I化合物的多晶型物以及式I化合物的盐、溶剂化物和前药的多晶型物也包括在本发明范围内。
式I化合物可以用本领域已知的方法制备。以下的通用反应流程(方法A、方法B等)以及随后的具体步骤展示了用于制备原料和式I化合物的方法,但是本领域技术人员能够理解其它步骤也可能是合适的。在以下的流程及实施例中,使用下列缩写:
甲基:Me;乙基:Et;丙基:Pr;丁基:Bu,苄基:Bn;叔丁氧基羰基:Boc或BOC。
高压液相色谱法:HPLC
液相色谱质谱联用法:LCMS
室温:RT或rt
天:d;小时:h;分钟:min
保留时间:Rt
微波:μW
饱和:sat.;无水:anhyd.
1-羟基苯并三唑:HOBt
1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐:EDCI
乙酸乙酯:EtOAc
苄氧基羰基:CBZ
[1-(氯甲基)-4-氟-1,4-重氮鎓双环[2.2.2]辛烷双(四氟硼酸盐)]:Selectfluor
1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯:DBU
四氢呋喃:THF;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺:DMF;甲醇:MeOH;乙醚:Et2O;乙酸:AcOH;乙腈:MeCN;三氟乙酸:TFA;二氯甲烷:DCM;二甲氧基乙烷:DME;二苯膦基二茂铁(dppf);
正丁基锂:n-BuLi;二异丙基氨基锂:LDA;
1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑:HOAt;
4-N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶:DMAP;二异丙基乙胺:DIEA;N-甲基吗啉:NMM;
多微孔的甲苯磺酸树脂(MP-TsOH树脂)
三-(2-氨基乙基)氨基甲基聚苯乙烯(PS-trisamine)
异氰酸甲酯聚苯乙烯(PS-NCO)
饱和(sat.);无水(anhyd);室温(rt);小时(h);分钟(Min);保留时间(Rt);分子量(MW);毫升(ml);克(g);毫克(mg);当量(eq);天(d);微波(μW);微升(μl);
除非另有说明,否则所有的NMR数据都用400MHz NMR光谱仪收集。用LC-电喷雾-质谱法(C-18柱,5%-95%MeCN/水作为流动相)测定分子量和保留时间。各表格包括化合物及其保留时间/测量的MW和/或NMR数据。
为了在方法A至AA所示的反应流程中保持内部连贯,将各种方法的产物标示为结构A4、B4、C3等(某些变量如该方法的定义),但显而易见的是,例如A4与C3具有相同的结构。即可以使用不同的方法制备类似的化合物。
本发明化合物可以按照本领域技术人员已知的方法、以下反应流程展示的方法以及下述制备和实施例中的方法制备。表1包括化合物及其质谱法测量的m/e值和/或NMR数据。按照类似于表中最后一栏给出的合成方法并采用适当的试剂,可以获得这些化合物。
方法A
方法A,步骤1:
将硫代羰基二吡啶酮(1.2eq)加入到A1(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(10mmol,1eq)的30ml无水CH2Cl2溶液中。在搅拌过夜后,溶液用CH2Cl2稀释,用1N HCl、H2O(2x)及NaCl饱和水溶液(2x)洗涤。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗产物用快速色谱法纯化,得到A2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
方法A,步骤2:
将3,5-二氟苄胺(0.15mmol,1.5eq)的THF(0.15ml)溶液加入到A2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(0.1mmol,1eq)的无水CH2Cl2(1ml)溶液中。反应混合物回流过夜。将反应溶液加入到MP-TsOH树脂(2-3eq)中,用CH3CN稀释。搅拌悬浮液过夜。过滤混合物,浓缩滤液,得到A3(R1=3,5-二氟苄基,R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
方法A,步骤3:
将NH4OH(0.44ml)、叔丁基过氧化氢(0.1ml)加入到A3(R1=3,5-二氟苄基,R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(10mg)的CH3OH(1ml)溶液中,搅拌反应混合物2天。浓缩溶液,将所得残余物溶于CH3OH(1.2ml),用磺酸树脂处理。搅拌悬浮液过夜,树脂用CH3OH(4×10min)洗涤,然后用2N NH3/CH3OH溶液处理1小时。过滤悬浮液,浓缩滤液,得到粗产物,该粗产物用制备型HPLC/LCMS(用CH3CN/H2O梯度洗脱)纯化,得到A4(R1=3,5-二氟苄基,R2=H,R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
NMR(CD3OD):δ6.9,m,3H;δ4.8-4.9,m;δ1.75,d,2H;δ1.5,m,1H;δ1.42,s,3H;δ0.85,d,3H;δ0.65,d,3H.ES_LCMS(m/e)296.1.
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法B
使用改进的文献方法(Ugi,I.Angew.Chem.1962,74 9-22)。
方法B,步骤1:
将硫代氰酸钾(0.56g,5.73mmol)加入到B1(盐酸盐,R1=3-氯苯乙基)(1.1g,5.76mmol)的无水CH3OH(15ml)溶液中。反应混合物加热至60℃1小时。过滤悬浮液,将滤液加入到B5(R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.72ml,5.73mmol)和苄胩(0.77ml,6.3mmol)中。搅拌混合物过夜,然后浓缩溶液,残余物用快速色谱法(用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到0.28g B2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,R1=3-氯苯乙基)。
方法B,步骤2:
将40%浓HCl的CH3CH2OH溶液加入到B2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,R1=3-氯苯乙基)中,将溶液在160℃的微波中加热30分钟。浓缩溶液,用反相制备型HPLC(用CH3CN/H2O(含0.1%甲酸)梯度洗脱)纯化,得到B3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,R1=3-氯苯乙基)。
方法B,步骤3:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用B3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,R1=3-氯苯乙基)制备化合物B4(R2=H,R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,R1=3-氯苯乙基)。
NMR(CD3OD):δ8.1,br,1H;δ7.35,s,1H;δ7.25,m,3H;δ3.6,m,1H;δ3.4,m,1H;δ3.0,m,1H;δ2.8,m,1H;δ1.75,m,1H;δ1.6,m,1H;δ1.35,m,1H;δ1.2s,3H;δ0.8,m,6H.ES_LCMS(m/e):308.1
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法C
方法C,步骤1:
将C1(R3=R4=CH2CH2CH2CH3)(50mg,0.25mmol)与C4(R1=3-氯苯基)(38μl,0.26mmol)的溶液回流过夜。加入trisamine树脂(2eq)、聚苯乙烯异氰酸酯树脂(2eq),搅拌混合物。3小时后,过滤悬浮液,树脂用CH2Cl2(3x)、CH3OH(3x)洗涤。浓缩滤液,得到C2(R1=3-Cl-C6H4,R3=R4=CH2CH2CH2CH3)(60mg,68%)。
方法C,步骤2:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用C2(R1=3-Cl-C6H4,R3=R4=CH2CH2CH2CH3)制备化合物C3(R1=3-Cl-C6H4,R2=H,R3=R4=CH2CH2CH2CH3)。
NMR(CDCl3):δ7.4,m,2H;δ7.2,m,2H;δ5.0,s,2H;δ1.7,m,4H;δ1.1,m,8H;δ0.7;m,6H.ES-LCMS(m/e):336.1.
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法D
方法D,步骤1:
将D1(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)(20g)、氰化钾(40g)、碳酸铵(15g)、乙醇(100ml)与H2O(200ml)的混合物在130℃的密封烧瓶中加热过夜,过滤后用水洗涤,得到25g D2(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)。
方法D,步骤2:
将2N KOH溶液(3eq)加入到D2(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)(1eq)中,经185℃的微波照射3小时,然后向溶液中加入浓HCl,直到pH=2-3为止。过滤固体,用水洗涤,得到D3(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)。
方法D,步骤3:
将三甲基甲硅烷基重氮甲烷的己烷溶液(2N)(2eq)滴加到D3(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)(1eq)的无水CH3OH(30ml)溶液中。1小时后,再加入2eq三甲基甲硅烷基重氮甲烷的己烷溶液(2N),搅拌反应物20分钟,然后浓缩。将残余物溶于0.2N HCl溶液(25ml)中,用乙醚洗涤(3x)。将Na2CO3饱和溶液加入到水相中,直到溶液的pH变为碱性。溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x)。合并有机萃取液,经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,得到D4(R3=R4=CH2C6H5)。
以下的氨基酯用类似的方法制备。
方法E
方法E,步骤1:
在0℃、氮气氛下,将亚硫酰氯(0.47ml,6.38mmol)滴加到E1(R3=CH2CH2C6H5)(2g,6.38mmol)、苯甲醛缩二甲醇(0.96ml,6.38mmol)的无水THF溶液中。5分钟后,加入ZnCl2(0.87g,6.38mmol),在0℃搅拌反应混合物。3小时后,再加入ZnCl2(0.18g,1.28mmol)、亚硫酰氯(0.1ml,1.28mmol),在0℃搅拌1小时。将反应混合物倒入冰/H2O的搅拌悬浮液中。不时搅拌混合物,直到冰融化。水溶液用乙醚萃取(3x)。合并的有机萃取液用H2O(3x)、NaHCO3饱和水溶液(1x)、H2O(2x)洗涤。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗产物用快速色谱法(用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到化合物E2(R3=CH2CH2C6H5)。
方法E,步骤2:
在氮气氛下,将六甲基二硅叠氮化锂的己烷溶液(1.0M,1.65ml,1.64mmol)滴加到E2(R3=CH2CH2C6H5)(600mg,1.49mmol)、HMPA(0.85ml)和THF(6.5ml)的-78℃溶液中。15分钟后,滴加异丁基碘(0.52ml,4.48mmol),将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌3小时。使反应物升至-65℃,搅拌2小时,升至室温过夜。将反应溶液倒入NaHCO3饱和水溶液/乙醚/冰的混合物中。水层用乙醚萃取(3x)。合并有机萃取液,用盐水洗涤(2x)。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗产物用快速色谱法(用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到化合物E3(R3=CH2CH2C6H5,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
方法E,步骤3:
将甲醇锂溶液(1N CH3OH溶液)(0.36ml,0.36mmol)加入到化合物E3(R3=CH2CH2C6H5,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)中。将反应混合物在室温下振荡50分钟。再加入0.55eq甲醇锂。2.5小时后,将NaHSO3饱和水溶液(0.75ml)、乙酸乙酯(3ml)加入到反应混合物中,振荡15分钟。过滤悬浮液。所得白色固体用NaHSO3饱和水溶液(1x)、乙酸乙酯(1x)洗涤。分离出滤液的水相,用乙酸乙酯(2x)萃取。合并有机萃取液,用NaHSO3饱和水溶液(8x)洗涤。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩,得到E4(R3=CH2CH2C6H5,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(109mg,87%)。
方法E,步骤4:
将1N HCl(0.28ml,0.28mmol)、20%氢氧化钯/碳(22mg)加入到E4(R3=CH2CH2C6H5,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(109mg,0.28mmol)的CH3OH(4ml)溶液中。将反应混合物在40psi下氢化。2.5小时后,过滤反应物,催化剂用CH3OH洗涤(3x)。浓缩滤液,得到E5(R3=CH2CH2C6H5,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(7gmg,96%)。
以下的氨基酯用类似的方法合成。
方法F
将20g D5(R3=苄基,n=1)与1.5eq HCl的500ml甲醇溶液用1g Rh/C(5%w/w),2g Pt/C(5%w/w)在60Psi下氢化2天。过滤固体,用过量甲醇洗涤。蒸发合并的溶液,得到20g F1(R3=环己基甲基,n=1)的盐酸盐。
以下的氨基酯用类似的方法制备。
方法G
方法G,步骤1:
将氢氧化锂一水合物(100mg,2.45mmol)的H2O(0.5ml)溶液加入到G1(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(400mg,1.23mmol,按照类似于方法C步骤1的方法制备)的乙醇(5ml)溶液中。2.5小时后,加入另一批氢氧化锂一水合物(100mg,2.45mmol)。5.5小时后,反应混合物用H2O(15ml)稀释,用乙醚萃取(2x)。将30%HCl溶液加入到水相中,直到其pH=1-2为止。向溶液中加入NaCl至饱和,用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x)。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩,得到G2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(357mg,93%)。
方法G,步骤2:
将苄胺(1.2eq)溶液加入到含G2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(1eq)、HOBT(1.5eq)、聚苯乙烯EDC树脂(94mg,1.53mmol/g,3eq)1∶1的THF∶CH3CN(1ml)中。将反应混合物在室温下振荡过夜。加入trisamine树脂(85mg,3.38mmol/g,6eq)、异氰酸酯树脂(100mg,1.47mmol/g,3eq)。6小时后,过滤悬浮液,浓缩滤液,得到G3(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2C6H5,R16=H)。
方法G,步骤3:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用G3(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2C6H5,R16=H)制备化合物G4(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R2=H,R3=CH3,R15=CH2C6H5,R15=H)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法H
方法H,步骤1:
将R1-NCS(R1=3-氯苄基)(11.5ml,78mmol)加入到H1(R3=CH3)(5g,39mmol)的1∶1 0.5M NaHCO3∶CH3CH2OH溶液中。将反应混合物在50℃下加热过夜。冷却反应物,用水稀释。水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(5x)。合并有机萃取液,用水洗涤(2x),经Na2SO4干燥。过滤溶液,除去溶剂,得到小体积溶液。加入己烷,过滤所得悬浮液,得到6.8g固体H2(R3=CH3,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4))(61%)。
方法H,步骤2:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用H2(R3=CH3,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4))合成化合物H3(R3=CH3,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4))。
方法H,步骤3:
将0.5M NaHCO3的H2O溶液(28ml,14mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(3.69g,16.9mmol)加入到粗制的H3(R3=CH3,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4))(14mmol)的1∶3 CH3OH∶THF溶液中。反应物在室温下搅拌2.5小时,然后在-10℃下贮存过夜。反应物用盐水洗涤,用乙酸乙酯萃取(4x)。合并有机萃取液,用盐水洗涤(1x)。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗产物用快速色谱法(用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到1.5g H4(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)。
方法H,步骤4:
在-30℃,将三氟甲磺酸酐(128μl,0.76mmol)的CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液滴加到H4(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(200mg,0.55mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(176μl,2.18mmol)的溶液中。搅拌反应混合物1.5小时。在-20℃加入水(10ml),撤去冰浴。搅拌反应物,直到其达到0℃为止。分离出有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩,得到310mg H5(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)。
方法H,步骤5:
将粗制的H5(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(0.11mmol)与7NNH3/MeOH溶液(R21-H=NH2-H)(10eq)的溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。浓缩反应溶液。粗产物用反相制备型HPLC(用含0.1%甲酸的CH3CN/H2O梯度洗脱)纯化,得到H6(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R21=NH2)。
方法H,步骤6:
将50%三氟乙酸的CH2Cl2溶液(2ml)加入到H6(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R21=NH2)中。40分钟后,蒸发溶剂,残余物用制备型HPLC/LCMS(用CH3CN/H2O梯度洗脱)纯化,得到H7(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R21=NH2)。
NMR(CDCl3),δ7.45,m,3H;δ7.35,m,1H;δ4.9,m,2H;δ3.5,m,2H;δ1.65,s,3H.ES_LCMS(m/e)267.07.
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法I
方法I,步骤1:
将二乙基氨基甲基聚苯乙烯树脂(5eq)加入到I1的甲酸盐(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H)的CH2Cl2溶液中,搅拌悬浮液。15分钟后,过滤混合物,树脂用CH2Cl2洗涤(4x)。浓缩滤液,得到游离碱I1(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H)。
将R15COOH(R15=苯乙基)(1.3eq)的溶液加入到EDC树脂(41mg,1.53mmol/g,3eq)、HOBT(1.5eq)、I1游离碱(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H)(0.021mmol)与1∶1 CH3CN∶THF的混合物中。搅拌悬浮液过夜。加入聚苯乙烯异氰酸酯树脂(45mg,3eq)、聚苯乙烯trisamine树脂(40mg,6eq)和1∶1 CH3CN∶THF混合物(0.5ml)。搅拌混合物6小时。过滤悬浮液,浓缩滤液,得到I2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H,R15=CH2CH2C6H5)。
方法I,步骤2:
按照类似于方法H步骤6的方法,用I2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H,R15=CH2CH2C6H5)制备I3(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R16=H,R15=CH2CH2C6H5)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法J
方法J,步骤1:
将二乙基氨基甲基聚苯乙烯树脂(5eq)加入到J1(TFA盐,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)的CH2Cl2溶液中,搅拌悬浮液。15分钟后,过滤混合物,树脂用CH2Cl2洗涤(4x)。浓缩滤液,得到游离碱。将R15NCO(R15=丁基)(2eq)的CH2Cl2溶液加入到游离碱J1(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(0.021mmol)的1∶1 CH3CN∶THF中。搅拌悬浮液过夜。加入聚苯乙烯异氰酸酯树脂(45mg,3eq)、聚苯乙烯trisamine树脂(40mg,6eq)和1∶1 CH3CN∶THF混合物(0.5ml)。搅拌混合物6小时。过滤悬浮液,浓缩滤液,得到J2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH2CH3)。
方法J,步骤2:
按照方法H步骤2中描述的方法,用J2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH2CH3)制备化合物J3(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH2CH3)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法K
方法K,步骤1:
将丙基R15SO2Cl的溶液(R15=丙基)(1.5eq)加入到聚苯乙烯二异丙基乙胺树脂(18mg,3.45mmol/g,3eq)、K1游离碱(方法H,R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3)(0.021mmol)和1∶1 CH3CN∶THF的悬浮液中。搅拌悬浮液过夜。加入聚苯乙烯异氰酸酯树脂(45mg,3eq)、聚苯乙烯trisamine树脂(40mg,6eq)和1∶1 CH3CN∶THF混合物(0.5ml)。搅拌混合物6小时。过滤悬浮液,浓缩滤液,得到K2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH3)。
方法K,步骤2:
按照方法H步骤6中描述的方法,用K2(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH3)制备化合物K3(R1=CH2(3-ClC6H4),R3=CH3,R15=CH2CH2CH3)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法L
(在本流程中,-Z-NH-C(O)R16-等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-N(R15)C(O)R16,R15为H,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法L,步骤1:
将L1(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2)(1eq),Z=-对亚甲基-苄基)(1.05eq)的CH2Cl2溶液在室温下搅拌。将反应溶液浓缩,用快速色谱法纯化。产物用50%三氟乙酸的CH2Cl2溶液处理30分钟。浓缩溶液。将残余物溶于1N HCl(10ml)中,用乙醚洗涤(2x)。将Na2CO3饱和水溶液加入到水相中,直到溶液变成碱性。溶液用CH2Cl2萃取(3x)。合并CH2Cl2萃取液,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩,得到L2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)。
方法L,步骤2:
按照方法I步骤1中描述的方法,用L2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)制备化合物L3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=CH2CH2CH2CH3)。
方法L,步骤3:
按照方法A步骤3中描述的方法,用L3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=CH2CH2CH2CH3)制备化合物L4(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R1=CH2CH2CH2CH3)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法M
(在本流程中,-Z-NH-C(O)NHR15-等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-N(R16)C(O)-NHR15,R16为H,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法M,步骤1:
按照方法J步骤1中描述的方法,用M1(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)制备化合物M2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R15=3,4-二氟苯基)。
方法M,步骤2:
按照方法A步骤3中描述的方法,用M2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R15=3,4-二氟苯基)制备化合物M3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R15=3,4-二氟苯基)。
NMR(CD3OD)δ7.45,m,1H;δ7.26,m,4H;7.24,m,1H;δ6.96,m,1H;δ4.8,m;δ4.3,s,2H;δ1.69,m,2H;δ1.44,m,1H;δ1,37,s,3H;δ0.8,m,3H;δ0.63,m,3H.ES_LCMS(m/e)430.27
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法N
(在本流程中,-Z-NH-S(O)2R16-等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-N(R16)C(O)-NHR15,R16为H,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法N,步骤1:
按照方法K步骤1中描述的方法,用N1(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)制备化合物N2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
方法N,步骤2:
按照方法A步骤3中描述的方法,用N2(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=CH2CH(CH3)2)制备化合物N3(R3=CH3,R4=CH2CH(CH3)2,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=CH2CH(CH3)2)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法O
方法O,步骤1:
将吲哚-6-甲醇(400mg,2.72mmol)、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(816mg,5.41mmol)和咪唑(740mg,10.9mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后蒸发溶剂,残余物用色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到产物O2。
方法O,步骤2:
在-78℃下,将丁基锂(1.2eq)加入到O2(200mg,0.77mmol)的THF(10ml)溶液中。所得溶液在-78℃下搅拌5分钟,再升至室温。使反应混合物冷却至-78℃,加入对甲苯磺酰氯。使溶液升至室温,搅拌过夜。反应物用K2CO3饱和水溶液猝灭,用乙酸乙酯和CH2Cl2萃取。粗产物用快速色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到360mg O3。
方法O,步骤3:
将丁基锂(1.2eq)溶液加入到O3(340mg,0.829mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液中。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌15分钟,再向溶液中通入二氧化硫15分钟。向反应混合物中加入己烷(100ml)。蒸发反应混合物,得到O4,直接用于下一步骤无需进一步纯化。
方法O,步骤4:
将N-氯丁二酰亚胺(200mg,1.66mmol)加入到冷却至0℃的O4(0.829mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液中。搅拌2小时后,溶液通过硅藻土垫过滤。浓缩滤液,得到O5。
方法O,步骤5:
将丁胺(100μl)加入到O5的无水吡啶(3ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌4天。使反应混合物在1N HCl与CH2Cl2之间分配。分离出有机层,用1N HCl洗涤(3x)。有机溶液经Na2SO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗产物用快速色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到O6。
方法O,步骤6:
将TBAF加入到O6(70mg)的THF溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌,然后反应混合物用色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到50mg O7(95%)。
方法O,步骤7:
将亚硫酰氯(1ml)加入到O7(50mg)的CH2Cl2(5ml)溶液中,搅拌反应物5分钟,再蒸发,得到O8。
方法O,步骤8:
将叠氮化钠(50mg)加入到O8的CH3OH(5ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌溶液过夜,蒸发溶剂。残余物用色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)处理,在纯化后得到O9。
方法O,步骤9:
将1eq HCl水溶液、钯/碳加入到O9(70mg)的CH3OH悬浮液中。将反应混合物在1个大气压下氢化20分钟,得到90mg粗产物O10。
方法O,步骤10:
将氢氧化锂(30mg)的H2O溶液加入到O10(40mg)的CH3OH(3ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌2小时,再加入部分LiOH(40mg),搅拌溶液2小时以上。蒸发溶剂,残余物用色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到O11。
方法P
方法P,步骤1:
在0℃下,将100g P1(R23=n-Pr)的300ml THF溶液加入到38gLAH的2L无水THF悬浮液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后在0℃下加入30ml H2O、90ml 15%NaOH。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后加入无水Na2SO4,过滤混合物,蒸发溶液,得到产物,真空干燥过夜。将该产物溶于600ml DCM中,在-78℃下,将溶液在40分钟内加入草酰氯(37.3ml)和DMSO(60.8ml)的1.4L DCM溶液中,然后在-78℃下加入二异丙基乙胺(299ml)。让反应物达到-10℃。反应物用1L H2O在-10℃猝灭,混合物用DCM萃取。除去溶剂后,得到P2(R23=Pr,106g)。粗产物直接用于下一步骤无需进一步纯化。
方法P,步骤2:
将p-Boc-氨基甲基苄胺(1.1eq)、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(1.1eq)加入到P2(R23=Pr,106g)的1.5L DCM溶液中,将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜。反应物用H2O猝灭,内容物用DCM萃取。除去溶剂后,残余物用硅胶柱色谱法(用3%MeOH/DCM洗脱)纯化,得到42.5g P3(R23=Pr)。
方法P,步骤3:
将P3(R23=Pr,110mg)的10ml MeOH溶液在1个大气压的氢气下用Pd/C(5%,11mg)氢化,在除去溶剂和催化剂后,得到产物P4(R23=Pr)。
方法P,步骤4:
在0℃下,将三光气(1.2eq)和三乙胺(2.4eq)加入到P4(R23=Pr)的10ml DCM溶液中,将溶液在0℃搅拌2小时,然后反应物用DCM/H2O萃取。除去溶剂后,残余物用硅胶柱色谱法(用EtOAc/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到白色固体,将其用2N HCl的二噁烷溶液处理2小时。除去溶剂后,得到化合物P5(R23=Pr)(白色固体,80mg)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法Q
方法Q,步骤1:
将Q1(R3=Me,R4=iBu)(1.00g)和Q8(n=1,p=2,m=1)(1.24g)的二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液在室温下搅拌42小时。真空浓缩该混合物,得到琥珀色油状物,将其用硅胶(200ml)柱(用乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到无色油状的Q2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(1.59g)。
方法Q,步骤2:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用Q2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R3=Me,R4=iBu)制备化合物Q3(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)。
方法Q,步骤3:
将化合物Q3(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(1.37g)的无水二氯甲烷(25ml)溶液用二碳酸二叔丁酯(0.68g,1.1eq)、二异丙基乙胺(0.66ml,1.1eq)处理。将所得溶液在室温下搅拌20小时,然后用二氯甲烷稀释,用1N盐酸洗涤。真空浓缩无水二氯甲烷溶液,得到无色薄膜状物(1.32g),所得产物用硅胶(125ml)柱(用己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱)纯化,得到白色泡沫状的化合物Q4(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=i-Bu)(0.74g)。
方法Q,步骤4:
将化合物Q4(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.540g)的无水EtOH(20ml)溶液在1个大气压下用10%Pd/C(0.400g)氢化2小时。过滤反应混合物,真空浓缩滤液,得到无色油状的Q5(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.35g)。
方法Q,步骤5:
将化合物Q5(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.012g)、HOBt(0.005g)、乙腈(0.8ml)和四氢呋喃(0.25ml)的溶液在微量滴定板孔中用ECD树脂(0.080g,3eq,1.53mmol/g)处理,再加入1M二氯乙烷溶液(40μl,1.25eq)。把孔盖住并振荡18小时后,过滤混合物,树脂用乙腈(0.5ml)洗涤。合并的溶液用trisamine树脂(0.050g,6eq,4.23mmol/g)和异氰酸酯树脂(0.067g,3eq,1.53mmol/g)处理18小时,然后过滤溶液,真空除去溶剂,得到Q6(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Me)。
方法Q,步骤6:
将Q6(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R16=Me)的二氯甲烷溶液(1.0ml)与三氟乙酸(1.0ml)混合,将溶液振荡2小时,然后浓缩。加入乙醚(0.5ml),再真空浓缩,得到残余物,将其用制备型LCMS单元纯化,得到Q7(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Me)。
NMR(CDCl3):δ8.38,br,2H;δ4.56,m,1H;δ3.79,m,1H;δ3.57,m,2H;δ2.99,m,1H;δ2.48,m,1H;δ2.04,s,3H;δ1.95,m,1H;δ1.5-1.8,m,5H;δ1.5,s,3H;1.25,m,2H;δ0.95,m,3H;δ0.85,m,3H.ES_LCMS(m/e)309.17.
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法R
方法R,步骤1:
将R1(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.010g)的乙腈(0.85ml)和二氯乙烷(0.15ml)溶液加入微量滴定板孔中,再加入0.12ml 0.5M异氰酸苯酯的二氯乙烷溶液。把孔密封,振荡滴定板20小时,然后过滤混合物,所得固体用乙腈(0.5ml)洗涤。合并的溶液用trisamine树脂(0.050g,6eq,4.23mmol/g)和异氰酸酯树脂(0.067g,3eq,1.53mmol/g)处理,将混合物振荡18小时。过滤混合物,蒸发溶液,得到R2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph)。
方法R,步骤2:
采用类似于方法Q步骤6的方法,将R2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph)转化为R3(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法S
方法S,步骤1:
将S 1(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.010g)的乙腈(0.85ml)和二氯乙烷(0.15ml)溶液加入微量滴定板孔中,再加入DIPEA-MP树脂(0.030g,4eq)以及苯基磺酰氯的二噁烷溶液(1M,45μl,0.045mmol)。把孔盖上并振荡18小时,然后进行过滤,残余物用乙腈(0.5ml)洗涤。合并的溶液用trisamine树脂(0.040g,6eq,4.23mmol/g)和异氰酸酯树脂(0.060g,3eq,1.53mmol/g)处理,振荡18小时,然后过滤混合物,除去溶剂,得到S2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph)。
方法S,步骤2:
按照类似于方法Q步骤6的方法,将S2转化为S3(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法T
方法T,步骤1:
将氰基硼氢化钠的二氯乙烷溶液(14.3mg/ml,2eq)加入到装有1mlT1(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu)(0.010g)的DCM溶液和R15C(O)R16(5eq,R15=H,R16=Ph)的微量滴定板孔中。把孔盖上并振荡20小时,然后将MP-TsOH树脂(100mg,1.29mmol/g)加入到孔中,2小时后,加入MP-TsOH树脂(50mg)。将混合物再振荡1小时后,过滤混合物,树脂依次用二氯乙烷(1ml)(3x)、MeOH(1ml)(2x)洗涤。树脂用7N NH3/MeOH溶液(1ml)处理30分钟(2X),再过滤,蒸发溶剂,得到T2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph,R16=H)。
方法T,步骤2:
按照类似于方法Q步骤6的方法,将T2(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph,R16=H)转化为T3(n=1,p=2,m=1,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,R15=Ph,R16=H)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法U
将U1(R2=H,R3=i-Bu,R4=Me)(0.025g)的甲苯(4ml)溶液装入微波小瓶中,加入碳酸钾(0.035g)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.020g)、水(0.02ml)和R21B(OH)2(R21=间甲氧基苯基)(3eq)。将小瓶放入150℃的微波中10分钟。反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,用2.5N NaOH萃取。真空浓缩干燥(MgSO4)的二氯甲烷溶液,得到棕色残余物,所得残余物用RP制备型LCMS系统纯化,得到产物U2(R2=H,R3=iBu,R4=Me,R21=间甲氧基苯基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法V
方法V,步骤1:
将化合物V1(R3=R4=Me)(14.76mmol)、EDCI(14.76mmol)、HOAt(14.76mmol)和DIEA(14.76mmol)与36ml DCM混合。将该混合物在室温下搅拌15分钟,然后加入3-氯苄胺。在室温下搅拌反应溶液过夜后,用碳酸钠(3X)、水、1N HCl(4X)和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂,残余物用快速柱纯化,得到酰胺产物V2(R1=3-氯苄基,R3=R4=Me)。
方法V,步骤2:
将化合物V2(R1=3-氯苄基,R3=R4=Me)(8.33mmol)溶于35ml无水DCM中,冷却至0-5℃。在氮气氛下,滴加硫光气(9.16mmol)的10ml DCM溶液,再加入DIEA(11.96mmol)。将溶液在冰浴中搅拌0.5小时,然后反应混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠(3X)、盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥。蒸发溶剂,残余物用快速柱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到乙内酰硫脲V3(R1=3-氯苄基,R3=R4=Me)。
方法V,步骤3:
在室温下,将乙内酰硫脲V3(R1=3-氯苄基,R3=R4=Me)用叔丁基过氧化氢和氢氧化铵的MeOH溶液处理48小时,得到化合物V4(R1=3-氯苄基,R2=H,R3=R4=Me)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法W
用2eq LiOH的MeOH溶液,将化合物W1(方法A,n=1,R2=m-Cl-Bn,R3=Me)水解成W2(n=1,R2=m-Cl-Bn,R3=Me)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法X
(在本流程中,-Z-NH-C(O)-N(R16)(R17)-等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-NH-C(O)-N(R16)(R17),R15为H,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法X,步骤1:
在室温下,将三光气(0.33eq)加入到胺X1(方法L,R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)(10mg)与DCM和饱和NaHCO3(体积比1∶1)的混合物中。将溶液剧烈搅拌40分钟,然后分离出有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸发有机溶液,得到化合物X2(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)。
方法X,步骤2:
用类似于方法M步骤1的方法,用X2(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)制备化合物X3(R15=H,R16=环丙基甲基,R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)。
方法X,步骤3:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用X3(R16=H,R17=环丙基甲基,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)制备化合物X4(R16=H,R17=环丙基甲基,R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)。
NMR(CD3OD):δ7.25,s,4H;δ4.8,m,2H;δ4.25,s,2H;δ2.9,m,2H;δ1.68,m,2H;δ1.44,m,1H;δ1.36,s,3H;δ0.9,m,1H;δ0.82,m,3H;δ0.66,m,3H;δ0.4,m,2H;δ0.12,m,2H.ES_LCMS(m/e)386.1.
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法Y
(在本流程中,等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-N(R15)-C(O)-N(R16)(R17),R15与R16构成如上文定义的环,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法Y,步骤1:
将化合物Y1(方法L,R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)(0.1639mmol)、Y2(R23=H,R23=Pr)(0.1967mmol)、PS-EDC树脂(0.4917mmol)和HOBT(0.2459mmol)在3.5ml THF、MeCN和DMF(1∶1∶0.3)中的反应混合物在室温下振荡过夜,然后加入6eq PS-trisamine树脂和3eq PS-异氰酸酯树脂。6小时后,过滤反应混合物,树脂用THF、DCM和MeOH洗涤。蒸发合并的滤液,粗产物用40%TFA的DCM溶液处理40分钟,然后蒸发溶剂,残余物用RP HPLC系统纯化,得到产物Y3(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R23=H,R23=Pr)。
方法Y,步骤2:
将Y3(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R23=H,R23=Pr)(0.030mmol)、羰基二咪唑(0.032mmol)和DIEA(0.09mmol)的0.5ml DCM反应溶液在室温下振荡过周末。接着粗产物用反相柱纯化,得到乙内酰硫脲产物,将其转化为Y4(R2=H,R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R23=H,R23=Pr)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法Z
(在本流程中,-Z-NH-C(O)-N(R16)(R17)-等同于被R21取代的R1或者被烷基-R22取代的R1,其中R21和R22为-N(R15)-C(O)-N(R16)(R17),R15为H,其中Z为任选取代的亚烷基-亚芳基、亚烷基-亚芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基、亚烷基-亚杂芳基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基、亚烷基-亚环烷基-亚烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基、亚烷基-亚杂环烷基-亚烷基、亚芳基、亚杂芳基、亚环烷基或亚杂环烷基)。
方法Z,步骤1:
将胺Z1(方法L,R3Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)(2eq)加入到PhoximeTM树脂(1.23mmol/g)的DCM溶液中。将混合物振荡过夜,然后将树脂过滤,用DCM、MeOH、THF洗涤(循环进行3次),再用DCM洗涤(x2),真空干燥,得到树脂Z2(R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)。
方法Z,步骤2:
将N-甲基苄胺(4eq)加入到含树脂Z2(在DCM中溶胀,R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-)的甲苯中。将混合物在80-90℃下加热过夜,然后加入MP-TSOH树脂(1.3mmol/g,12eq)。将混合物振荡1.5小时,过滤溶液,树脂用DCM和MeOH洗涤。真空浓缩合并的有机溶液,得到Z3(R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=Me,R17=Bn)。
方法Z,步骤3:
采按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,用Z3(R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=Me,R17=Bn)制备化合物Z4(R3=Me,R4=iBu,Z=p-(CH2)C6H4(CH2)-,R16=Me,R17=Bn)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法AA
将8,11-二氯-6,11-二氢-5H-苯并[5,6]环庚并[1,2-b]吡啶(AA2)(18mg)与AA1(方法Q)和二异丙基乙胺(14μl)在乙腈(2.5ml)中反应。将所得混合物在65℃下加热18小时。将反应混合物置于制备型硅胶板上(用3∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱),得到所需的产物,所得产物用40%TFA处理。蒸发溶剂,再纯化,得到化合物AA3。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备。
方法AB
方法AB,步骤1:
在室温下,将Ti(OEt)4(7ml,17mmol,2eq)加入到(R)-(+)-2-甲基-2-丙烷磺酰胺(1.0g,8.3mmol,1eq)和AB1(R3=Ph,R4=n-Bu)(3ml,9.1mmol,1.1eq)的无水THF(30ml)溶液中。将混合物在70℃下加热24小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物倒入剧烈搅拌下的30ml盐水中。将所得悬浮液通过硅藻土垫过滤,固体用EtOAc(2×20ml)洗涤。滤液用盐水(30ml)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),真空浓缩。残余物用二氧化硅色谱法(用己烷/Et2O(5∶1)洗脱)纯化,得到1.9g(85%)(R)-2-甲基-N-(1-苯基亚戊基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ7.91(m,2H),7.52-7.37(m,3H),3.27(m,1H),3.15(m,1H),1.73-1.61(m,2H),1.47-1.38(m,2H),1.31(s,9H),0.95(m,3H).MS(ESI):MH+=265.9.HPLC tR=7.24,7.58min(E/Z=5.5∶1).
将LDA(2M庚烷/THF溶液,3.4ml,6.9mmol,2eq)在-78℃下用注射器滴加到乙酸甲酯(0.6ml,6.9mmol,2eq)的THF(5ml)溶液中。在-78℃下搅拌30分钟后,滴加ClTi(Oi-Pr)3(1.8ml,7.6mmol,2.2eq)的THF(5ml)溶液。再搅拌30分钟后,经由注射器滴加(R)-2-甲基-N-(1-苯基亚戊基)丙烷-2-亚磺酰胺(0.9g,3.4mmol,1eq)的THF(2ml)溶液。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌3小时,用TLC显示没有剩余原料。加入NH4Cl饱和水溶液(10eq),使悬浮液升至室温。所得混合物用H2O(50ml)稀释,搅拌10分钟。混合物在H2O(50ml)和EtOAc(50ml)之间分配。分离出有机层,水层用EtOAc(3×50ml)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),浓缩,得到1.1g棕色油状物。用硅胶色谱法(50%EtOAc/己烷作为洗脱剂),得到0.8g(76%)黄色油状物3-((R)-2-甲基丙-2-基亚磺酰胺基)-3-苯基庚酸甲酯。
1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ7.15-7.07(m,5H),3.35(s,1H),3.19(dd,J=16,5.6Hz,1H),3.01(dd,J=15.8,5.5Hz,1H),2.07(m,2H),1.71(m,2H),1.35-1.26(m,4H),1.17(s,9H),0.89(m,3H).MS(ESI):MH+=339.9.HPLC tR=7.50,7.6min(E/Z=1.5∶1)
将16ml 4N HCl/二噁烷加入到3-((R)-2-甲基丙-2-基亚磺酰胺基)-3-苯基庚酸甲酯(0.4g,1.1mmol)的12ml MeOH溶液中。搅拌30分钟后,真空除去挥发物。将残余物再次溶于MeOH(6ml)中,搅拌5分钟,再蒸发,得到0.30g(97%)黄色固体AB2(R3=Ph,R4=n-Bu)。
1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ9.01(br s,2H),7.37-7.12(m,5H),3.64(m,1H),3.54(s,3H),3.31(m,1H),2.09(m,2H),1.8(m,2H),1.1(m,4H),1.07(s,9H),0.7(m,3H).MS(ESI):MH+=235.9.HPLC tR=4.72min.
方法AB,步骤2:
在NaHCO3水溶液存在下,将化合物AB2(R3=Ph,R4=正丁基)在0℃用硫光气的CH2Cl2溶液处理,得到异硫代氰酸酯AB3(R3=Ph,R4=正丁基),用类似于方法A步骤2和方法A步骤3的方法,将其转化为最终产物AB5(R3=Ph,R4=正丁基,R1=Me)。
1HNMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ10.4(br s,1H),7.25-7.11(m,5H),3.23(dd,J=16,5.6Hz,1H),3.03(s,3H),2.8(dd,J=15.8,5.5Hz,1H),2.49(s,1H),1.78(m,2H),1.1-1.0(m,4H),0.99(m,3H).MS(ESI):MH+=260.2.HPLC tR=5.09min.
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AC
本合成法是根据Hull R.等,J.Chem.Soc.1963,6028-6033作了一些改动的方法。因而,将50%氨腈水溶液(0.31ml,8.0mmol)加入到AC2(R1=苄基)(0.72g,5.9mmol)的AC1(R4=Me,R3=Me)(1.4ml)溶液中。将反应物在回流下搅拌加热(~40℃)0.5小时,再冷却至25℃,然后再搅拌16小时。真空除去挥发物,使残余物在乙醚和H2O之间分配。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空除去挥发物。残余物用柱色谱法(5-10%CH3OH/CH2Cl2作为洗脱剂)纯化,再用反相制备型HPLC纯化,得到0.15g(8.0%)白色固体AC3(R1=苄基,R4=Me,R3=Me)。
1H NMR(CH3OH,300MHz):δ7.35-7.33(m,5H),4.71(s,2H),1.46(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz)δ157.8,135.6,129.1,128.5,127.9,104.2,59.6,28.8.MS(ESI)m/e 206.1(M+H)+.
方法AD
方法AD,步骤1:
用类似于方法AB步骤2的方法,用AD1制备AD2(R3=Ph,R4=叔丁基)。
方法AD,步骤2:
本合成法是根据Hussein A.Q.等,Chem.Ber.1979,112,1948-1955作了一些改动的方法。因而,将N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(0.49g,2.7mmol)加入到AD2(R3=Ph,R4=叔丁基)(0.56g,2.7mmol)、沸石与CCl4(25ml)的混合物中。所得混合物用200瓦光源照射1小时。冷却反应物,滤出固体,真空除去挥发物。用硅胶色谱法(用5%EOAc/己烷洗脱),得到0.57g(73%)淡棕色粉末1-(1-溴-1-异硫代氰酸基-2,2-二甲基丙基)苯。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ7.63-7.61(m,2H),7.37-7.26(m,3H),1.17(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75MHz):δ139.1,129.0,128.9,128.6,127.5,91.2,45.6,26.6.MS(ESI)m/e 284.9(M+H)+.
将三乙胺(0.18ml,1.32mmol)加入到1-(1-溴-1-异硫代氰酸基-2,2-二甲基丙基)苯(0.13g,0.47mmol)与N-甲基羟胺的盐酸盐(0.047g,0.57mmol)的THF(3ml)溶液中。将混合物在25℃下搅拌16小时,过滤,真空除去挥发物。残余物用柱色谱法(用CH3OH/CH2Cl2作为洗脱剂)纯化,得到0.050g(42%)玻璃状固体AD3(R3=Ph,R4=叔丁基)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz):δ7.35-7.26(m,5H),3.38(s,3H),1.0(s,9H);MS(ESI)m/e 251.1(M+H)+.
方法AD,步骤3:
在0℃下,向AD3(R3=Ph,R4=叔丁基)(0.065g,0.26mmol)的CH3OH(5ml)溶液中依次加入氨水溶液(2ml)、70%叔丁基过氧化氢水溶液(2ml)。让反应物升至25℃,搅拌16小时,除去挥发物,残余物用反相HPLC纯化,得到2.0mg(2.2%)无色油状AD4(R3=Ph,R4=叔丁基)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.47-7.43(m,2H),7.39-7.35(m,3H),3.23(s,3H),1.0(s,9H);MS(ESI)m/e 234.2(M+H)+.
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AE
方法AE,步骤1:
将TBDMS-Cl(5.3g,35.19mmol)和咪唑(2.4g,35.19mmol)加入到H2(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(8.2g,31.99mmol)的220ml DCM悬浮液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤反应混合物,滤液用1200ml EtOAc稀释。有机相用饱和NaHCO3(3x)和盐水(3x)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,得到12g AE2(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基),直接用于下一步骤无需进一步纯化。
方法AE,步骤2:
采用类似于方法A步骤3的条件,将AE2(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基;12g粗产物)转化为亚氨基乙内酰脲,再将其在室温下用75%TFA的DCM溶液处理24小时。真空蒸发溶剂,得到13.6g产物,将其与二碳酸二叔丁酯反应,柱纯化后,得到5.8g AE3(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)。
方法AE,步骤3:
根据方法H步骤4,用AE3(5.8g)得到AE4(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(8.2g)。
方法AE,步骤4:
将二异丙基乙胺(7ml,40mmol)加入到AE4(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(3.95g,8.38mmol)的无水THF(98ml)溶液中。反应物在氮气氛、室温下搅拌。5.5小时后,浓缩反应物,粗产物经由快速色谱法(用0-75%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱)纯化,得到AE5(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(2.48g,92%)。
方法AE,步骤5:
将AE5(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(20mg,0.062mmol)的二氯甲烷(0.5ml)溶液加入到R15OH(R15=环丁基)(10μl)和HBF4(1eq)的无水二氯甲烷(0.5ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜。将三氟乙酸(1ml)加入到反应混合物中,在室温下搅拌溶液1小时。浓缩反应物,粗产物经由反相制备型HPLC/MS(用含0.1%甲酸的5-95%CH3CN/H2O梯度洗脱7分钟)纯化,得到AE5(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基,R15=环丁基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AF
将ArOH(Ar=间氯苯基)(13μl,0.1273mmol)的0.5ml无水THF溶液加入到tBuOK(9.5mg,0.0848mmol)的0.5ml无水THF溶液中,再加入AE4(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(20mg,0.0424mmol)的0.5ml无水THF溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2天,然后将其用1mlMeCN稀释,用100mg MP-TsOH树脂和100mg Amberlyst A26树脂处理。过滤除去树脂,蒸发滤液,得到产物,将其用50%TFA处理1小时。真空蒸发TFA后,将残余物溶于2ml MeCN中,用100mgMP-TsOH树脂处理。树脂用THF、MeCN和MeOH充分洗涤,再用2M NH3/MeOH溶液处理,得到AF2(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基,R15=3-氯苯基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AG
方法AG,步骤1:
将R21-H(R21=PhS-)(33μl,0.318mmol)用含NaH(10.2mg,60%在矿物油中)的0.5ml无水THF处理。加入AE4(R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(20mg,0.0424mmol)的0.5ml无水THF溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后使其在乙醚与NaHCO3饱和水溶液之间分配。水相用乙醚萃取2次。合并的有机相用盐水洗涤2次,经无水Na2SO4干燥。粗产物用快速柱(EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到9mg AG1(R21=PhS-,R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)(收率49.2%)。
方法AG,步骤2:
根据方法H步骤6,将AG1(R21=PhS-,R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)用50%TFA处理,得到AG2(R21=PhS-,R1=Me,R3=环己基甲基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AH
方法AH,步骤1:
将二苯甲酮亚胺(3.27g,18.04mmol)加入到AH1(R3=环己基甲基)(4g,18.04mmol)的65ml DCM悬浮液中。将反应混合物在室温、氮气氛下搅拌过夜,然后滤出固体,蒸发溶剂。将残余物溶于100ml乙醚中,用水洗涤(2x),经无水MgSO4干燥。粗产物用快速柱纯化,得到5.08g(收率80.57%)AH2(R3=环己基甲基)。
方法AH,步骤2:
将AH2(R3=环己基甲基)(1g,2.86mmol)的12ml无水THF溶液在氮气氛下加入到18-冠-6(0.76g,2.86mmol)和含30%KH的矿物油(1.16g,8.58mmol)的4ml无水THF悬浮液中。将混合物在冰浴中冷却,再加入R4Br(R4=3-吡啶基甲基,为氢溴酸盐)。将反应混合物在冰浴中搅拌30分钟,在室温下搅拌2小时以上,然后反应物用2mlHOAc/THF/H2O(0.25∶0.75∶1)猝灭。所得混合物用40ml EtOAc/H2O(1∶1)稀释。水相用EtOAc萃取3次。合并的有机相用盐水洗涤3次,经无水MgSO4干燥。粗产物用快速柱纯化,得到0.44g(收率35.14%)产物,将其在冰浴中用1N HCl(2.2ml,2.22mmol)的3ml乙醚溶液处理,然后在室温下搅拌过夜。将水相蒸发,用C-18反相柱纯化,得到0.22g(收率66%)AH3(R4=3-吡啶基甲基,R3=环己基甲基)。
方法AI
将10%Pd/C(5mg)加入到化合物AI1(R1=Me,R3=n-Bu)(34mg,0.105mmol)的甲醇(1ml)溶液中。将混合物在H2气罐下维持1小时。在滤出催化剂后,浓缩滤液,得到粗产物。该残余物用RP HPLC纯化,得到化合物AI2(R1=Me,R3=n-Bu)(25mg,100%)。实测的MW(M+H)246.1;精确质量245.15。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=7.59(m,2H),7.36(m,3H),3.17(s,3H),2.17(m,2H),1.27(m,4H),0.86(t,3H,J=7.2Hz).
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AJ
将Pd(dppf)Cl2加入到化合物AJ1(R1=Me,R3=n-Bu)(70mg,0.165mmol)与丁基溴化锌(1.32ml,0.6mmol)的混合物中。将混合物脱气,密封后在55℃下加热1天。所得混合物用CH2Cl2和NH3/H2O稀释。分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,用RP HPLC纯化,得到产物,将其用4N HCl/二噁烷处理30分钟,得到化合物AJ2(R1=Me,R3=n-Bu)(12mg,25%)。实测的MW(M+H)302.1;
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=7.32(m,3H),7.22(m,1H),3.19(s,3H),2.65(m,2H),2.20(m,2H),1.60(m,2H),1.38(m,4H),1.24(m,2H),0.92(m,6H).
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AK
将5%Pt/C(5mg)、Rh/C(5mg)和浓HCl(0.05ml)加入到AK1(R1=Me,R3=正丁基,R21=n-Bu)(9mg,0.03mmol)的甲醇(1ml)溶液中。将混合物在H2(50Psi)下维持2天。在滤出催化剂后,浓缩滤液,得到化合物AK2(R1=Me,R3=正丁基,R21=n-Bu)。实测的MW(M+H)308.1。
1H NMR(CD3OD):δ=3.16(s,3H),1.80(m,6H),1.26(m,16H),0.88(m,6H).
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AL
方法AL,步骤1:
将PtO2(40mg)和浓HCl(0.4ml)加入到化合物AL1(R3=n-Bu)(418mg,1.39mmol)的甲醇(8ml)溶液中。将混合物氢化(50Psi)1天。在滤出催化剂后,浓缩滤液。粗制的残余物用1N NaOH碱化至pH=11-12。所得混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取。分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,得到化合物AL2(R3=n-Bu)(316mg,100%)。
方法AL,步骤2:
将(BOC)2O(316mg,1.45mmol)加入到化合物AL2(R3=n-Bu)(300mg,1.32mmol)的二氯甲烷(6ml)溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。将其用水和二氯甲烷稀释。分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,得到化合物AL3(R3=n-Bu)(464mg,100%)。
方法AM
方法AM,步骤1:
将化合物AM1(R1=Me,R3=正丁基)用4N HCl/二噁烷处理2小时。浓缩混合物,得到化合物AM2的盐酸盐(R1=Me,R3=正丁基)。实测的MW(M+H)470.1。
1H NMR(CD3OD):δ=7.28(m,2H),6.96(m,3H),4.80(m,2H),4.56(m,1H),4.00(m,1H),3.64(m,4H),3.37(m,2H),3.12(m,1H),3.00(m,1H),2.90(m,1H),2.72(m,1H),2.38(m,1H),2.12-1.62(m,8H),1.35(m,6H),1.12(m,1H),0.91(m,3H).
方法AM,步骤2:
将乙酰氯(5μl,0.072mmol)加入到化合物AM2(R1=Me,R3=正丁基)(32mg,0.068mmol)的二氯甲烷(1ml)溶液中。搅拌混合物2小时。将其用CH2Cl2和水稀释。分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,用RP HPLC纯化,得到化合物AM3(R1=Me,R3=正丁基,R15=Me)。实测的MW(M+H)512.3;
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.27(m,2H),6.98(m,1H),6.92(m,2H),4.65(s,2H),4.50(m,2H),3.98(m,1H),3.70(m,1H),3.41(m,2H),2.98(m,2H),2.62(m,1H),2.50(m,1H),2.47(m,1H),2.02(m,5H),1.75(m,6H),1.26(m,7H),0.84(m,3H).
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AN
将丁醛(5.3μl,0.06mmol)、三乙胺(8.4μl,0.06mmol)和NaBH(OAc)3(18mg,0.084mmol)加入到化合物AN2(R1=4-N-(α-苯氧基乙酰基)哌啶基甲基,R3=正丁基)(28mg,0.06mmol)的二氯乙烷(2ml)溶液中。搅拌混合物过夜。所得混合物用二氯甲烷和水稀释。分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,用RP HPLC纯化,得到AN2(R1=4-N-(α-苯氧基乙酰基)哌啶基甲基,R3=正丁基,R15=丙基,R16=H)(5.4mg,17%)。实测的MW(M+H)526.1;精确质量525.37。
1H NMR(CD3OD):δ=7.28(m,2H),6.96(m,3H),4.76(m,2H),4.55(m,1H),4.05(m,1H),3.77(m,1H),3.61(m,3H),3.50(m,1H),3.11(m,4H),2.85(m,1H),2.68(m,1H),2.38(m,1H),2.05(m,2H),1.95(m,2H),1.73(m,5H),1.39(m,8H),1.10(m,1H),0.99(m,3H),0.92(m,3H).
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AO
将氯化铜(2.06g,20.8mmol)、氯化锂(1.76g,41.6mmol)和100mlTHF的混合物冷却至-78℃。向该混合物中逐渐加入2.0M AO1(R3=正丁基)溶液(10ml,20mmol)。使反应物升至-60℃,注入AO2(R4=m-Br-Ph)(2.9ml,22mmol)。将混合物在-60℃下搅拌15分钟,再通过撤除干冰浴迅速升至室温。反应物用水和饱和NaHCO3猝灭。在加完乙醚后,生成大量沉淀物,滤出沉淀物。从两相滤液分离出有机层,干燥,浓缩,用硅胶色谱法(10%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到酮AO3(R4=m-BrPh,R3=n-Bu)(3.93g,82%)。实测的MW(M+H)241.1;精确质量240.01。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=8.07(m,1H),7.88(m,1H),7.64(m,1H),7.34(m,1H),2.94(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.71(m,2H),1.40(m,2H),0.95(t,3H,J=7.6Hz).
下列酮根据方法9制备:
方法AP
方法AP,步骤1:
将N,O-二甲基羟胺盐酸盐(2.56g,26.25mmol)和4-甲基吗啉(2.95ml,26.25mmol)加入到AP1(R4=3-溴苯基)(5g,25mmol)的二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液中。接着分批加入EDCI(5.04g,26.25mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,再用1N HCl(60ml)猝灭。所得混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用1N HCl和盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,得到Weinreb酰胺AP2(R4=间溴苯基)(5.96g,98%)。实测的MW(M+H)244.1;精确质量243.99。
1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=7.78(m,1H),7.58(m,2H),7.24(m,1H),3.51(s,3H),3.32(s,3H).
该产物直接用于下一步骤无需进一步纯化。
方法AP,步骤2:
将R3Br(R3=环己基乙基)(5.73ml,36.6mmol)的24ml THF溶液滴加到镁屑(1.19g,48.8mmol)的30ml THF悬浮液中。在加完一半的溴化物溶液后,加入数颗碘晶体引发反应。混合物变混浊,并放热。滴加其余的溴化物溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后冷却至0℃,加入AP2(R4=间溴苯基)(5.96g,24.4mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,再用1N HCl猝灭,直到未留下任何残余的Mg(0)。分离各相,水层用乙醚萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩。粗产物用二氧化硅色谱法(15%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到酮AP3(R4=间溴苯基,R3=环己基乙基)(8.06g,100%)。实测的MW(M+H)295.2;精确质量294.06。
1H NMR(40DMHz,CDCl3):δ=8.18(m,1H),7.85(m,1H),7.64(m,1H),7.33(m,1H),2.94(t,3H,J=7.2Hz),1.70(m,9H),1.63(m,4H).
方法AQ
将AQ2(R3=n-BuLi)(38ml,1.5M己烷溶液,57mmol)加入到AQ1(R4=环丙基)(2.55g,38.0mmol)和乙醚(100ml)的-78℃溶液中。45分钟后,撤除冷却浴。在室温下3小时后,通过滴加水猝灭反应物,然后用EtOAc和水稀释。分离各相,水层用EtOAc萃取(2x)。将有机部分合并,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,浓缩。粗制的残余物用柱色谱法(硅胶,0%→100%CH2Cl2/己烷)纯化,得到所需的酮AQ4(R4=环丙基,R3=正丁基)(2.57g,20.4mmol,54%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.52(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.90(m,1H),1.57(m,2H),1.30(m,2H),0.98(m,2H),0.89(t,J=7.6Hz,3H),0.83(m,2H).
方法AR
方法AR:
使用方法A步骤3,将化合物B2(R1=间氯苯乙基,R3=Me,R4=异丁基,R5=苄基)转化为AR2(R1=间氯苯乙基,R3=Me,R4=异丁基,R5=苄基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AS
方法AS,步骤1:
将亚硫酰氯(1.61ml)加入到AS1(R3=Ph)(3.94g)和甲苯(10ml)的混合物中,将所得混合物在回流下加热6小时(直到停止释放HCl为止)。将反应混合物维持在室温下过夜,然后真空浓缩。加入甲苯(10ml),再次真空浓缩混合物。反应混合物溶于CH2Cl2中,加入固体碳酸氢钠,过滤,然后真空浓缩CH2Cl2溶液,得到AS2(R3=Ph)。
方法AS,步骤2:
将含60%氢化钠的油(0.132g)加入到AS2(R3=Ph)(0.645g)、AS5(R4=4-氯苯基)(0.464g)和1,3-二甲基碘化咪唑鎓(0.225g)的无水THF(20ml)溶液中。将所得混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。浓缩反应混合物,在H2O与Et2O之间分配。真空浓缩无水Et2O溶液,得到黄色残余物,将其放置到制备型硅胶板上,用CH2Cl2洗脱,得到AS3(R3=Ph,R4=p-ClPh)(Miyashita A.,Matsuda,H.,Hiagaskino T.,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,1992,40(10),2627-2631)。
方法AS,步骤3:
将盐酸(1N,1.5ml)加入到AS3(R3=Ph,R4=p-ClPh)的THF(10ml)溶液中,将所得溶液在室温下搅拌20小时。真空浓缩反应混合物,然后在CH2Cl2与H2O之间分配。真空浓缩无水CH2Cl2,得到残余物,将其放置到制备型硅胶板上,用1∶1的CH2Cl2∶己烷洗脱,得到AS4(R3=Ph,R4=p-ClPh)。
方法AS,步骤4:
将AS4(R3=Ph,R4=p-ClPh)(0.12g)、盐酸甲胍(AS6,R1=Me)(0.055g)在无水EtOH(5ml)中与三乙胺(0.2ml)混合,然后在回流下加热20小时。将所得混合物浓缩,然后在CH2Cl2与H2O之间分配。真空浓缩无水CH2Cl2,得到残余物,将其放置到制备型硅胶板上,用9∶1的CH2Cl2∶MeOH洗脱,得到AS5(R3=Ph,R4=p-ClPh,R1=Me)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AT
方法AT,步骤1:
将AT1(用类似于方法H步骤1、2和3的方法制备,n=4,R3=R4=n-Bu)(0.146g)的MeOH(3ml)和1N NaOH(0.727ml)溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。浓缩混合物,然后在水(用浓HCl调节至pH~3)与EtOAc之间分配。真空浓缩无水EtOAc层,得到AT2(n=4,R3=R4=n-Bu)。
方法AT,步骤2:
将化合物AT2(n=4,R3=R4=n-Bu)(0.012g)的MeCN(1ml)溶液用EDC树脂(0.12g,1.44mmol/g)、HOBT(0.004g)的THF(1ml)溶液和正丁胺(R15=H,R16=正丁基)(0.007ml)处理。在室温下反应过夜,然后加入Argonaut PS-NCO树脂(0.150g)、PS-聚胺树脂(0.120g)和THF(2ml),将混合物振荡4小时。过滤反应混合物,树脂用THF(2ml)洗涤。真空浓缩合并的有机相,然后残余物用1N HCl(1ml)的MeOH溶液处理4小时,然后蒸发溶剂,得到AT3(n=4,R3=R4=n-Bu,R15=H,R16=正丁基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AU
将文献中公开的方法作一些改动(Varga,I.;Nagy T.;Kovesdi I.;Benet-Buchholz J.;Dormab G.;Urge L.;Darvas F.,Tetrahedron,2003,(59)655-662)。
将AU1(R15=H,R16=H,按照Furniss,B.S.;Hannaford,A.J.;Smith,P.W.G.;Tatchell,A.R.,(Vogel′s Textbook of Practical OrganicChemistry.,第5版,Longman:New York,1989;p1034-1035)介绍的方法制备)(0.300g)、AU2(盐酸盐,R1=Me)(0.237g)、50%KOH(0.305ml)、30%H2O2(0.115ml)和EtOH(4.6ml)在密封的管子中加热2小时。浓缩反应混合物,用CH2Cl2萃取。真空浓缩无水有机溶液,得到残余物,将其放置在硅胶板上(用9∶1的CH2Cl2∶MeOH洗脱),得到AU3(R15=H,R16=H,R1=Me)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法AV
方法AV,步骤1:
将微波管中的AV1(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu)(0.0012g)和AV2(R22=OPh)(0.0059ml)的异丙醇(2ml)溶液放入125℃的微波中5分钟。真空浓缩反应混合物,得到AV3(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,R22=OPh)。
方法AV,步骤2:
将AV3(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,R22=OPh)的CH2Cl2(1ml)和TFA(1ml)溶液振荡2小时,真空浓缩,用制备型LCMS纯化,得到AV4(R3=Me,R4=i-Bu,R22=OPh)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成。
方法AW
按照类似于方法U的方法进行本转化反应。下列化合物用类似的方法制备。
下列化合物用类似的方式合成:
方法AX
方法AX,步骤1:
将文献方法作一些改动(J-Q Yu,E.J.Corey,Organic Letters,2002,4,2727-2730)。
将5g Pd/C(5%w/w)、50g碳酸钾和100ml无水t-BuOOH加入到冰浴冷却的AX1(n=1,R4=苯乙基)(52g)的400ml DCM溶液中。将混合物在空气中搅拌过夜,然后用DCM稀释,用水洗涤。在除去有机溶剂并干燥后,残余物用色谱法(乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到25gAX2(n=1,R4=苯乙基)。
方法AX,步骤2:
将AX2(4.5g,n=1,R4=苯乙基)的MeOH(50ml)溶液用0.4g硼氢化钠处理,搅拌反应物30分钟,然后除去溶剂,残余物用色谱法纯化,得到AX3(n=1,R4=苯乙基)与AX4(n=1,R4=苯乙基)的混合物,将其AS chiralpak柱(用8%IPA/己烷(0.05%DEA)洗脱)分离,得到第一部分2.1g AX3(n=1,R4=苯乙基),第二部分2.2g AX4(n=1,R4=苯乙基)。
方法AX,步骤3:
将AX4(n=1,R4=苯乙基)(2.2g)和1,1′-双(二异丙基膦基)二茂铁(1,5-环辛二烯)四氟硼酸铑(I)(0.4g,0.57mmol)的100ml甲醇溶液在55Psi下氢化过夜。浓缩反应物,棕色油状物用硅胶色谱法纯化,得到AX6(n=1,R4=苯乙基)(1.7g)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法AY
将AY1(n=1,1.5g,3.4mmol)、5%Rh/C(1.5g)、5%Pd/C(0.5g)的AcOH(30ml)溶液在Parr装置中于55Psi下振荡18小时。容器中通入N2,反应物通过硅藻土垫过滤。在浓缩后得到AY2,无需进行纯化。MS m/e:312.0(M+H)。
AY3用类似的方法制备。
方法AZ
方法AZ,步骤1:
将1,1,1-三乙酰氧基-1,1-二氢-1,2-苯并碘杂氧杂戊环-3(1H)-酮(Dess-Martin Periodinane)(0.880g,2.07mmol)加入到AZ1(n=1,R1=Me,R3=2-环己基乙基,用AY2按照方法C和方法H步骤3的方法制备)(0.441g,1.01mmol)的DCM溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌3小时。反应物用H2O猝灭,用EtOAc稀释。在移出有机相后,水层用EtOAc萃取(3x)。将合并的有机物干燥(Na2SO4),过滤后浓缩。残余物用硅胶色谱法(0-100%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到AZ2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=2-环己基乙基)(0.408g,0.94mmol,收率93%)。MS m/e:434.1(M+H)。
方法AZ,步骤2:
将AcOH(4滴)和MP-氰基硼氢化物树脂(0.095g,2.42mmol/g)加入到AZ2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=2-环己基乙基)(0.011g,0.025mmol)与AZ5(R15=H,R16=间吡啶基甲基)(0.0067ml,0.066mmol)的DCE(1.8ml)和MeOH(0.2ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌40小时。反应物用7N NH3/MeOH处理,过滤溶液。在浓缩后,残余物用硅胶HPLC(0-4%[(5%7N NH3/MeOH)/MeOH]/(50%DCM/己烷)纯化,得到第1部分和第2部分,除去溶剂后,在室温下用20%TFA/DCM处理3小时,分别得到AZ4(n=1,R1=Me,R3=2-环己基乙基,R15=H,R16=间吡啶基甲基)(0.005g,0.009mmol)和AZ3(n=1,R1=Me,R3=2-环己基乙基,R15=H,R16=间吡啶基甲基)(0.012g,0.022mmol)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BA
方法BA,步骤1:
按照Coldham,I;,K.M;Fernandez,J-C;Moseley J.D.和Rabot,R.(Journal of Organic Chemistry,67(17),2002,6185-6187)介绍的方法,将BA1(根据文献方法制备,Terao,Y;Kotaki,H;Imai,N,Achiwa K.,Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,33(7),1985,2762-2766)转化为BA2。
1H NMR(CDCl3)for BA2:1.42(s,9H),4.06(d,4H),4.09(s,1H),4.18(s,2H),5.62(d,1H).
方法BA,步骤2:
按照Winkler J.D.;Axten J.;Hammach A.H.;Kwak,Y-S;Lengweiler,U.;Lucero,M.J.;Houk,K.N.(Tetrahedron,54,1998,7045-7056)介绍的文献方法,由BA2制得BA3。化合物BA3的分析数据:
MS m/e:262.1,264.1(M+H).1H NMR(CDCl3)1.43(s,9H),3.98(s,2H),4.11(d,4H),5.78(d,1H).
方法BB
方法BB,步骤1:
将化合物BB1(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)转化为BB2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)和BB3(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基),用硅胶柱(用0-15%EtOAc/己烷洗脱)进行分离。
方法BB,步骤2:
利用20%TFA的DCM溶液,将化合物BB4(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)用BB2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)制备。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BC
方法BC,步骤1:
按照方法L步骤2的方法,用BC1(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基)得到化合物BC2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=间吡啶基)。
方法BC,步骤2:
按照方法L步骤3的方法,用BC2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=间吡啶基)得到化合物BC3(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=间吡啶基)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BD
方法BD,步骤1:
按照方法N步骤1的方法,用BD1(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基)得到化合物BD2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=Ph)。
方法BD,步骤2:
按照方法N步骤2的方法,用BD2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=间吡啶基)得到化合物BD3(n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=Ph)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BE
将类似于方法M的方法作一些改动,用于这些转化反应。下列化合物用类似的方法制备。
方法BF
方法BF,步骤1:
按照类似于方法T步骤1的方法合成BF2(n=1,R1=Me,R3=苯乙基,R15=H,R16=正丙基)。
方法BF,步骤2:
将类似于方法L步骤3的方法作一些改动,用于此转化反应。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BG:
方法BG:
将2,6-二甲基吡啶、AgOTf和丁基碘加入到BG1(n=1,R3=环己基乙基)(0.136g,0.31mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌96小时。反应物通过硅藻土垫过滤,浓缩溶液。残余物用硅胶色谱法(0-100%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到BG2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.124g,0.25mmol,收率80%)。MS m/e:426.1(M-OBu)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BH
方法BH,步骤1:
将在EtOAc(1ml)/MeOH(0.2ml)中的化合物BH1(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.060g,0.12mmol)和5%Pd(OH)2/C(0.040g)在氢气氛、室温下搅拌20小时。反应物通过硅藻土垫过滤,浓缩溶液。未纯化的粗产物混合物BH2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)直接用于下一步骤。
方法BH,步骤2:
按照类似于方法C步骤1的方法,将BH2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)转化为BH4与BH3的混合产物。所得混合物用硅胶色谱法(EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到BH4(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.032g,0.078mmol,收率56%)和BH3(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.008g,0.020mmol,收率14%)。BH4(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基),MS m/e:409.1(M+H)。BH3(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基),MS m/e:409.1(M+H)。
方法BH,步骤3:
按照类似于方法A步骤3的方法,将化合物BH4(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.032g,0.078mmol)转化为BH5(n=1,R2=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R15=正丁基)(0.016g,0.043mmol,收率57%)。MS m/e:392.1(M+H)。
下列化合物用类似的方法制备:
方法BI
将BI1(0.020g,0.040mmol)的DCM(1ml)溶液用冻结/泵抽/解冻(4x)法脱气。第四次循环结束时,加入Crabtree催化剂,把系统抽空。在解冻的同时,向系统中充入氢气,将反应物在室温、氢气氛下搅拌16小时。浓缩反应物,棕色油状物用反相HPLC纯化,得到BI2(0.011g,0.022mmol,收率55%)。MS m/e:368.2(M+H)。
方法BJ
方法BJ,步骤1:
在密封管中,将BJ1(方法BK步骤1和2,R1=Me,R3=Me)(140mg,0.5mmol)的2ml二噁烷溶液、吲哚(1.2eq)、叔丁醇钾(1.4eq)、Pd2(dba)3(0.02eq)和2-二叔丁基膦基联苯(0.04eq)的混合物在120℃的微波烘箱中照射10分钟,混合物经由硅胶柱分开,得到BJ2(R1=Me,R3=Me)(0.73mg)。
方法BJ,步骤2:
按照方法BK步骤3和4的方法,将BJ2(R1=Me,R3=Me)转化为BJ3(R1=Me,R3=Me)。BJ3(R1=Me,R3=Me)的质量实测值:319.2。
方法BK
方法BK,步骤1:
按照方法D步骤1的方法,用相应的酮BK1(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)制备乙内酰脲BK2(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)。BK2(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)的分析数据:(M+H)=330.1。
方法BK,步骤2:
将二甲基甲酰胺缩二甲醇(0.11ml,0.84mmol)加入到乙内酰脲BK2(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(138mg,0.419mmol)的DMF(1.5ml)悬浮液中。将所得混合物在100℃油浴中加热16小时,再冷却至室温,真空浓缩。该粗制的残余物用柱色谱法(MeOH/DCM)纯化,得到产物BK3(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(140mg,0.408mmol,97%),(M+H)=344.1。
方法BK,步骤3:
将Lawesson试剂(107mg,0.26mmol)加入到部分BK3(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(70mg,0.20mmol)的甲苯(1ml)溶液中。把所得混合物放入60℃的油浴中16小时,然后在100℃下24小时。在冷却至室温后,通过加入数滴1N HCl猝灭反应,再用EtOAc和1N KOH稀释。分离各相,水层用EtOAc萃取(2x)。将有机部分合并,用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤后浓缩。粗制的残余物用制备型TLC(1000μm二氧化硅,15%EtOAc/DCM)纯化,得到两种单独的非对映异构体BK4(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(24mg,0.067mmol,33%,MS:(M+H)=360.2),BK5(R3=N-苄基-间哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(22mg,0.062mmol,31%,MS:(M+H)=360.2)。
方法BK,步骤4:
非对映异构体BK5(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)用NH4OH(2ml)和叔丁基过氧化氢(70%水溶液,2ml)在MeOH(4ml)中处理24小时。浓缩后,粗制样品用制备型TLC(1000mm二氧化硅,7.5%(7NNH3/MeOH)/DCM)纯化。将所得样品溶于DCM(1ml)中,用4N HCl/二噁烷处理5分钟,最后浓缩,得到非对映异构产物BK7(R3=N-苄基-3-哌啶基,R4=n-Bu)(12mg,0.029mmol,43%)。
1H NMR(CD3OD)δ7.60(m,2H),7.49(m,3H),4.39(ABq,JAB=12.8Hz,ΔvAB=42.1Hz,2H),3.69(m,1H),3.39(br d,J=13.6Hz,1H),3.20(s,3H),2.96(m,2H),2.45(m,1H),1.99(m,1H),1.92-1.78(m,3H),1.68(brd,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.50(dq,Jd=3.6Hz,Jq=12.8Hz,1H),1.36-1.22(m,4H),1.03(m,1H),0.90(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).
LCMS:tR(双质子化)=0.52分钟,(单质子化)=2.79分钟;两个峰的(M+H)=343.2。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法BL
将BL3(盐酸盐,R15=H,2eq)和NaOAc(2eq)加入到BL1(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R1=Me)(10mg)的2ml甲醇溶液中,将混合物加热至60℃16小时。除去溶剂后,残余物用20%TFA/DCM处理30分钟,然后蒸发溶剂,残余物用反相HPLC纯化,得到BL2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R1=Me,R15=H)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成。
方法BM
方法BM,步骤1:
将1.5eq二苯氧基磷酰叠氮和1.5eq DBU加入到BM1(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)(0.050mg)的甲苯溶液(3ml)中,将溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,用1%HOAc水溶液洗涤,然后干燥有机层,蒸发溶剂。残余物用色谱法(EtOAc/Hex)纯化,得到产物,所得产物用三苯膦(2eq)/THF(1%水)处理过夜,在反相纯化后,得到BM2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)。
方法BM,步骤2:
将1eq苄氧基羰基-OSu加入到BM2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)的DCM溶液中,搅拌反应物过夜,然后蒸发溶剂,残余物用色谱法纯化,得到BM3(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)。
将BM2(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)和BM3(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)脱去Boc保护,分别得到化合物BM4(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)和BM5(n=1,R3=环己基乙基,R2=Me)。
下列化合物用类似的方法合成:
方法BN
将Pd(OAc)2(9mg)、三乙胺(17μl)、三乙基甲硅烷(11μl)、BN1(20mg)和DCM的混合物在1个大气压、室温下氢化1.5小时,然后反应物通过硅藻土垫过滤,除去溶剂后,得到BN2。
方法BO
用50%TFA的DCM溶液,将相应的原料在室温下经30分钟脱去boc保护,得到下列化合物。
方法BP
方法BP,步骤1:
将2,6-二甲基吡啶(0.010ml,0.086mmol)、AgOTf(0.024g,0.093mmol)和苄基溴(0.010ml,0.084mmol)加入到BP1(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.012g,0.028mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)溶液中。反应物在室温下搅拌16小时。固体经过滤,浓缩后,残余物用反相HPLC纯化,得到BP2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.010g,0.019mmol)。MS m/e:526.1(M+H)。
方法BP,步骤2:
利用30%TFA/DCM,由BP2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)制备BP3(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)。MSm/e:426.1(M+H)。
方法BQ
方法BQ,步骤1:
根据方法AZ制备BQ1。
将DIEA(0.007ml,0.040mmol)、乙酸(0.001ml,0.017mmol)、HOBt(0.003g,0.019mmol)和EDCI(0.003g,0.016mmol)加入到BQ1(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.004g,0.007mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.3ml)溶液中。反应物在室温下搅拌16小时。浓缩反应物,用反相HPLC纯化,得到BQ2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.003g,0.005mmol)。MS m/e:627.1(M+H)。
方法BQ,步骤2:
在PS-苯硫酚树脂(0.030g,1.42mmol/g)存在下,将BQ2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.003g,0.005mmol)用20%TFA/CH2Cl2(1ml)处理3小时。将溶液过滤,浓缩,得到BQ3(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.002g,0.005mmol)。MS m/e:377.2(M+H)。
方法BR
方法BR,步骤1:
将DMAP(少量晶体)和甲磺酰氯(3滴)加入到BR1(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.004g,0.007mmol)的吡啶(0.2ml)溶液中。反应物在室温下搅拌6天。反应物用水猝灭,用CH2Cl2稀释。移除有机层,水相用CH2Cl2萃取(3x)。浓缩后,棕色残余物用反相HPLC纯化,得到BR2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.003g,0.004mmol)。MS m/e:663.2(M+H)。
方法BR,步骤2:
按照类似于方法BQ步骤2的方法,用BR2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)制备BR3(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)。MS m/e:413.1(M+H)。
方法BS
方法BS,步骤1:
将异氰酸苯酯(2滴)加入到BS1(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.003g,0.006mmol)的CH2Cl2(0.3ml)溶液中。反应物在室温下搅拌16小时。将反应物浓缩,用反相HPLC纯化,得到BS2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.002g,0.002mmol)。MS m/e:823.5(M+H)。
方法BS,步骤2:
将化合物BS2(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)置于方法BQ步骤2的相同条件下。以上制备的粗制混合物用LiOH(0.006g,0.25mmol)的MeOH(0.3ml)溶液处理2小时。浓缩反应物,残余物用反相HPLC纯化,得到BS3(n=1,R1=Me,R2=H,R3=环己基乙基)(0.0012g,0.002mmol)。MS m/e:454.1(M+H)。
方法BT
方法BT:
将化合物BT1(R1=Me,R3=Me)(100mg,0.29mmol)、无水甲苯(2ml)、3-氨基吡啶(55mg,0.58mmol)和2-(二叔丁基膦基)联苯(17mg,0.058mmol)加入到圆底烧瓶中。溶液用N2脱气2分钟,然后加入NaO-t-Bu(61mg,0.638mmol)和Pd2(dba)3(27mg,0.029mmol)。将反应物在80℃下搅拌22小时。冷却至室温后,将反应倒入冷水中,用CH2Cl2萃取。合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥。在过滤后,将浓缩的残余物用TLC(CH3OH∶CH2Cl2=1∶10)和反相HPLC(含0.1%甲酸的10%-100%乙腈/水)分离,得到所需化合物BT2的甲酸盐(R1=Me,R3=Me,R21=间吡啶基)(23.6mg,白色固体,20%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.50-6.90(m,13H),3.14(s,3H)。MS m/e 358(M+H)。
方法BU
方法BU,步骤1:
吡咯烷衍生物的三氟乙酸盐BU1(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(99mg,0.307mmol)的5ml DCM溶液装在圆底烧瓶中,向该烧瓶中依次加入三乙胺(86μl,0.614mmol)、N-(苄氧基羰氧基)丁二酰亚胺(76ml,0.307mmol)。在室温下搅拌18小时。用DCM稀释混合物,依次用NaHCO3饱和溶液、水萃取。收集有机部分,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。用硅胶色谱法(用0-60%EtOAc/己烷洗脱)纯化,得到BU2(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(130mg,0.284mmol,收率93%)。MS m/e:458.1(M+H)。
方法BU,步骤2:
将0.5ml的70%tBuOOH的水溶液和0.5ml NH4OH加入到反应小瓶中的BU2(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(130mg)的1mlMeOH溶液中。将小瓶密封,在室温下振荡72小时。真空浓缩混合物。所得混合物用1ml MeOH稀释,加入30mg NaHCO3与Boc2O(87mg,0.398mmol)的混合物。将溶液混合物在室温下搅拌18小时,然后将其浓缩,残余物用硅胶色谱法(EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到BU3(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(90mg,0.167mmol,收率58%)。MS m/e:541.1,441.1(M+H)。
方法BU,步骤3:
将BU3(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(90mg,0.167mmol)的5ml MeOH溶液在1个大气压下用100mg Pd(OH)2-C(20%w/w)氢化1小时。反应混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤,将硅藻土垫用MeOH洗涤。真空浓缩收集的有机部分,得到BU4(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(47mg,0.116mmol,收率70%)。MS m/e:407.1(M+H)。
方法BU,步骤4:
向装有10mg粉末状44分子筛的小瓶中依次加入3-甲氧基苯基硼酸(60mg,0.395mmol)、3ml无水MeOH。向该混合物中加入吡啶(100ml,0.650mmol)、Cu(OAc)2(7mg,0.038mmol)和BU4(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基)(7.83mg,0.019mmol),将混合物在室温下搅拌96小时,用0.25ml 7N NH3/MeOH溶液猝灭。反应混合物用水和DCM萃取,将有机层干燥,真空浓缩。残余物经由反相HPLC纯化,得到产物,将其用5ml 40%TFA/DCM处理5小时。在除去挥发物后,残余物用反相HPLC系统纯化,得到BU5的甲酸盐(m=1,n=1,R1=Me,R3=环己基乙基,R21=m-MeOPh)(0.7mg,0.0015mmol,收率30.1%)。MS m/e:413.1(M+H)。
方法BV
方法BV,步骤1:
本方法是根据文献方法(派莒(Page)等,Tetrahedron 1992,35,7265-7274)作了一些改动的方法。
将nBuLi的己烷溶液(4.4ml,11mmol)加入到BV2(R4=苯基)(2.0g,10mmol)和THF(47ml)的-78℃溶液中。在-78℃下60分钟后,加入BV1(R3=3-溴-4-氟苯基)(2.24g,11mmol)溶液,将反应物经过18小时缓慢升至室温。反应混合物用氯化铵饱和溶液猝灭,用CH2Cl2萃取(2x),经MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩。所得油状物用硅胶色谱法(4-10%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到白色固体BV3(R3=3-溴-4-氟苯基,R4=苯基)(1.69g,4.23mmol,42%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.61(m,2H),7.27(m,3H),6.94(m,1H),6.92(m,1H),6.68(m,1H),3.15(bs,1H),2.57-2.73(m,4H),1.89(m,2H).
方法BV,步骤2:
将BV3(R3=3-溴-4-氟苯基,R4=苯基)(1.69g,4.23mmol)的丙酮(40ml)溶液经加液漏斗缓慢加入到N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS,11.3g,63.3mmol)、丙酮(200ml)和水(7.5ml)的0℃溶液中。使混合物缓慢升至室温,60分钟后,用10%Na2SO3水溶液猝灭。用CH2Cl2稀释后,分离各层,有机层用水(2x)和盐水(1x)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥。真空浓缩,得到油状物,所得油状物用硅胶色谱法(5%EtOAc/己烷)纯化,得到固体BV4(R3=3-溴4-氟苯基,R4=苯基)(690mg,2.24mmol,53%)。
方法BX,步骤3:
按照方法AS步骤4的方法,用BV4(R3=3-溴-4-氟苯基,R4=苯基)制备BV5(R3=3-溴-4-氟苯基,R4=苯基,R1=Me,R2=H)。
人类组织蛋白酶D FRET测定法
该测定法可采用连续模式或者终点模式。组织蛋白酶D是一种天冬氨酸蛋白酶,与人类天冬氨酰蛋白酶BACE1具有低一级序列(lowprimary sequence)但具有明显活性位点同源性。BACE1是阿尔茨海默病的淀粉状蛋白降低靶。由于多种GI、免疫和CNS缺陷,组织蛋白酶D基因敲出小鼠在出生后几周内就会死亡。
文献中介绍了以下所用的底物(Y.Yasuda等,J.Biochem.,125,1137(1999))。底物和酶是市售商品。我们的实验室在文献介绍的测定条件下针对以下底物测得的Km值为4μM,该结果与Yasuda等人的一致。
使用384孔Nunc黑色板以30μl终体积进行测定。将8种浓度的化合物与酶在37℃下预温育30分钟,然后加入底物,在37℃下继续温育45分钟。荧光增加速率在1小时内是线性的,温育期结束时用Molecular Devices FLEX station读板仪测量。用4μM的Km值和2.5μM的底物浓度,根据IC50内推出Ki。
试剂
乙酸钠pH5
用10%母液(Calbiochem)得到的1%Brij-35
DMSO
纯化的(>95%)人类肝组织蛋白酶D(Athens Research&Technology Cat#16-12-030104号)
肽底物(Km=4μM),Bachem Cat#M-2455
用抑胃酶肽作为对照抑制剂(Ki~0.5nM),可购自Sigma
Nunc 384孔黑色板
最终的测定缓冲液条件
100mM乙酸钠pH 5.0
0.02%Brij-35
1%DMSO
将化合物用含3%DMSO的测定缓冲液稀释至3倍终浓度。将10μl化合物加入到用不含DMSO的测定缓冲液稀释的10μl 2.25nM酶(3x)中,短暂混合,离心,在37℃下温育30分钟。用不含DMSO的1x测定缓冲液制备3x底物(7.5μM)。向各孔中加入10μl底物,混合后短暂离心以引起反应。测定板在37℃下温育45分钟,使用在328nm激发、393nm发射的384兼容荧光读板仪上读取数据。
本发明的化合物具有的hCathD Ki数据范围从约0.1nM至约500nM,优选约0.1nM至约100nM,更优选约0.1nM至约75nM。
下面是具有hCathD Ki数据在75nM以下的化合物实例。
结构 结构
以下化合物的hCathD Ki值为0.45nM:
BACE-1的克隆、蛋白质表达与纯化
采用优异的GC cDNA PCR试剂盒(Clontech,Palo Alto,CA),用全长BACE1 cDNA(pCDNA4/mycHisA构建体中的全长人BACE1cDNA,University of Toronto)通过PCR产生预测可溶形式的人BACE1(sBACE1,对应于氨基酸1-454)。pCDNA4-sBACE1myc/His的HindIII/Pmel片段用Klenow制成平端,亚克隆到pFASTBACI(A)(Invitrogen))的Stu 1位点。在DH10Bac细胞(GIBCO/BRL)中通过转座产生sBACE1mycHis重组杆粒(bacmid)。随后,为了产生重组杆状病毒,将sBACE1mycHis杆粒构建体用CellFectin(Invitrogen,SanDiego,CA)转染到sf9细胞中。让sf9细胞在补充了3%热灭活FBS和0.5X青霉素/链霉素溶液(Invitrogen)的SF 900-II培养基(Invitrogen)中生长。用5ml高滴度噬斑纯化的sBACEmyc/His病毒感染1L呈对数生长的sf9细胞72小时。以3000xg离心15分钟使完整细胞沉淀。收集包含分泌的sBACE1的上清液,用100mM HEPES(pH 8.0)按50%v/v稀释。将经稀释的培养基加到Q琼脂糖凝胶(Q-sepharose)柱上。Q琼脂糖凝胶柱用缓冲液A(20mM HEPES(pH 8.0),50mM NaCl)洗涤。
用缓冲液B(20mM HEPES(pH 8.0),500mM NaCl)洗脱Q琼脂糖凝胶柱上的蛋白质。合并Q琼脂糖凝胶柱的蛋白质峰,加到Ni-NTA琼脂糖(agarose)柱上。然后,Ni-NTA柱用缓冲液C(20mM HEPES(pH8.0),50mM NaCl)洗涤。结合的蛋白质用缓冲液D(缓冲液C+250mM咪唑)洗脱。Bradford测定法(Biorad,CA)测定的峰蛋白质部分用Centricon 30浓缩器(Millipore)浓缩。根据SDS-PAGE和CommassieBlue染色法判定,估计sBACE1纯度为~90%。用N端测序显示90%以上的纯化sBACE1包括前域(prodomain),因此将此蛋白称为sproBACE1。
肽水解测定法
将抑制剂、25nM EuK-生物素标记的APPsw底物(EuK-KTEEISEVNLDAEFRHDKC-生物素;CIS-Bio International,France)、5μM未标记的APPsw肽(KTEEISEVNLDAEFRHDK;American Peptide Company,Sunnyvale,CA)、7nM sproBACE1、20mMPIPES pH 5.0、0.1%Brij-35(蛋白质级,Calbiochem,San Diego,CA)和10%甘油在30℃下预温育30分钟。加入5μl等分量底物(由此使得总体积为25μl)引发反应。30℃3小时后,加入等体积的2x终止缓冲液(含有50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、0.5M KF、0.001%Brij-35、20μl/mlSA-XL665(与链霉抗生物素蛋白偶联的交联别藻蓝蛋白,CIS-BioInternational,France)(0.5μg/孔))终止反应。将板短暂振荡,以1200xg离心10秒,使液体中的所有沉淀都集中到板的底部,然后温育。在PackardHTRF读板仪上进行HTRF测量,采用337nm激光激发样品,再延迟50微秒,同时在620nm和665nm两种发射光下测量400微秒。
在不同浓度的抑制剂I、固定浓度的酶和底物存在下,通过测量在665nm下的相对荧光除以在620nm下的相对荧光(665/620比率)的变化百分数,确定抑制剂I的IC50。用GraphPad Prism 3.0软件进行该数据的非线性回归分析,选择4参数逻辑斯谛方程,它允许使用不同斜率。Y=底部值+(顶端值-底部值)/(1+10^((LogEC50-X)*希尔(Hill)斜率));X为I的浓度的对数,Y为比率变化百分数,Y从底部开始并到达顶端,呈S形。
本发明化合物的IC50范围从约0.1μM至约500μM,优选约0.1μM至约100μM,更优选约0.1μM至约20μM。表M中最后一个化合物的IC50值为0.35μM。
下面是1μM以下的化合物实例:
人成熟肾素酶测定法:
从人肾cDNA文库克隆人肾素,并将V5-6His序列标记的C端表位克隆到pCDNA3.1。使pCDNA3.1-肾素-V5-6His在HEK293细胞中稳定表达,用标准Ni-亲和层析纯化至>80%。用固定化TPCK-胰蛋白酶进行有限的蛋白水解,从而除去重组人类肾素-V5-6His的前域,得到人成熟肾素。在有或没有不同浓度的试验化合物的情况下,用在50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0)、100mM NaCl、0.1%Brij-35和5%DMSO缓冲液中的市售荧光共振能量转移(FRET)肽底物RS-1(Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR)在30℃下监测肾素酶活性40分钟。人成熟肾素的含量约为200nM。抑制活性定义为在40分钟温育结束时,与溶媒对照和无酶样品相比较,肾素诱导的荧光减少的百分数。
化合物 1%的100μM人类肾素
在本发明关于式I化合物与胆碱酯酶抑制剂的联合药物方面,可以使用乙酰基胆碱酯酶抑制剂和/或丁酰基胆碱酯酶抑制剂。胆碱酯酶抑制剂的实例有他克林、多奈哌齐、利伐斯的明、加兰他敏、吡斯的明和新斯的明,优选他克林、多奈哌齐、利伐斯的明和加兰他敏。
在本发明关于式I化合物与毒蕈碱拮抗剂的联合药物方面,可以使用m1或m2拮抗剂。m1拮抗剂的实例是本领域已知的。m2拮抗剂的实例也是本领域已知的,特别是美国专利5,883,096、6,037,352、5,889,006、6,043,255、5,952,349、5,935,958、6,066,636、5,977,138、6,294,554、6,043,255、6,458,812和WO 03/031412中公开的m2拮抗剂,全部文献通过引用结合到本文。
关于用本发明介绍的化合物制备药物组合物方面,药学上可接受的惰性载体可以是固体或液体。固型制剂包括散剂、片剂、可分散颗粒剂、胶囊剂、扁囊剂和栓剂。散剂和片剂可包含约5%至约95%的活性成分。合适的固体载体是本领域已知的,例如碳酸镁、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、糖或乳糖。片剂、散剂、扁囊剂和胶囊剂可以用作适合口服给药的固体剂型。用于各种组合物的药学上可接受的载体和制造方法的实例可参见A.Gennaro编辑,Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,(1990),Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania。
液体制剂包括溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。例如,水或水-丙二醇溶液剂可用于胃肠外注射,或者加上甜味剂和遮光剂可用作口服溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。液体制剂还可包括鼻内给药的溶液剂。
适合于吸入的气雾剂包括溶液或粉末形式的固体,它们可与药学上可接受的载体混合,例如惰性压缩气体(例如氮气)。
也包括用于口服或胃肠外给药的可在临用前转化为液体制剂的固型制剂。这样的液体剂型包括溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。
本发明化合物还可透皮给药。透皮用组合物可以采用乳膏剂、洗剂、气雾剂和/或乳剂形式,并且可以包含在骨架型或贮库型透皮贴剂中,这样的贴剂是本领域中用于此目的的常规剂型。
本发明化合物优选口服给药。
药物制剂优选为单位剂型。在这样的剂型中,制剂被细分为适当大小的单位剂量,其中包含适当数量的活性组分(例如可达到所需目的的有效量)。
根据具体的应用情况,单位剂量的制剂中活性化合物数量可以为约1mg至约100mg,优选约1mg至约50mg,更优选约1mg至约25mg。
所用的实际剂量可能是不同的,这取决于患者的需要和所治疗病症的严重程度。本领域技术人员能够确定适合于具体情况下的剂量方案。为方便起见,总日剂量可根据需要分成若干分剂量,在一天内分几次给药。
医师在考虑了如患者年龄、身体状况、体型及所治疗病症的严重程度等因素后作出判断,调整本发明化合物和/或其药学上可接受的盐的给药量和给药频率。推荐的典型口服日剂量可以为约1mg/天至约300mg/天,优选1mg/天至50mg/天,分为二至四次服用。
式I化合物与胆碱酯酶抑制剂联合用于治疗认知障碍时,这两种活性组分可以同时或序贯给药,或者作为包含式I化合物和胆碱酯酶抑制剂以及药学上可接受的载体的单一药物组合物给药。联合药物的各组分可以单独或者一起以常规的口服或胃肠外剂型(例如胶囊剂、片剂、散剂、扁囊剂、混悬剂、溶液剂、栓剂、鼻腔喷雾剂等)给药。胆碱酯酶抑制剂的剂量可以根据公开的资料确定,可以为0.001mg/kg体重至100mg/kg体重。
当式I化合物和胆碱酯酶抑制剂分别以单独的药物组合物给药时,它们可以以包括在单一包装内的药盒形式提供,其中一个容器装有式I化合物和药学上可接受的载体,另一个容器装有胆碱酯酶抑制剂和药学上可接受的载体,式I化合物和胆碱酯酶抑制剂的剂量是两者合用时为治疗有效的剂量。例如,在各组分必须以不同的时间间隔给药或者为不同的剂型时,药盒有利于联合药物的给药。
尽管结合上述具体的实施方案说明了本发明,但是本发明的许多替代、改进和变化方案对本领域普通技术人员来讲是显而易见的。所有这些替代、改进和变化方案都落入本发明的精神和范围内。
Claims (15)
1.一种具有以下结构式的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐:
其中
W为-C(=O)-;
X为-N(R5)-;
U为化学键;
R1选自烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、-OR15、-CN、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-S(O)R10、-S(O)2R10、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-NO2、-N=C(R8)2和-N(R8)2;
R2选自H和烷基;
R5选自H和烷基;
R3和R4独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CH2-O-Si(R9)(R10)(R19)、-SH、-CN、-OR9、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)、-S(O)2N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)、-N(R11)C(O)OR9和-C(=NOH)R8;前提条件是R3和R4不为卤素、-CN、-SH、-OR9、-SR19、-S(O)N(R11)(R12)或-S(O)2N(R11)(R12);
R8独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-OR15、-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)和-N(R15)C(O)OR16;其中当在R2定义中的-N(R8)2中时,R8独立地选自H、烷基、烯基和炔基;
R9独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基和杂芳基烷基;
R10独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基和-N(R15)(R16);
R11、R12和R13独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-S(O)R10、-S(O)2R10、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)和-CN;
R15、R16和R17独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、芳基杂环烷基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-环烷基烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-杂环烷基烷基、R18-芳基、R18-芳基烷基、R18-杂芳基和R18-杂芳基烷基;或者
R15、R16和R17为
其中R23为0-5个取代基,m为0-6,n为1-5;
其中当在R2定义中的-OR15中时,R15独立地选自H、烷基、烯基和炔基;
R18为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基、-NO2、卤素、杂芳基、HO-烷氧基烷基、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R19、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR19、-C(O)NHR20、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH2-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR19、-S(O)2R20、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR19、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OCF3、-OH、-OR20、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR20、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)-(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R20、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R20、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R18可以连接在一起构成
R19为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R20为烷基、环烷基、芳基、卤代芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
其中在R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R21取代的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-CH(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-R15、-CH2N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-S(O)R15、=NOR15、-N3、-NO2和-S(O)2R15,其中在R21中的烷基、环烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R22取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-烷基-C(O)OR15、C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-N3、=NOR15、-NO2、-S(O)R15和-S(O)2R15;或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R21或两个R22可以连接在一起构成
当R21或R22选自-C(=NOR15)R16、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16和-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16时,R15与R16一起可以为C2至C4链,其中任选1、2或3个环碳原子可被-C(O)-或-N(H)-置换,并且R15和R16与它们所连接的原子一起构成任选被R23取代的5-7元环;
R23为1-5个独立选自以下的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、-C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;其中在R23中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R27取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、烷基-C(O)OR24、C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;
R24、R25和R26独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、R27-烷基、R27-环烷基、R27-环烷基烷基、R27-杂环烷基、R27-杂环烷基烷基、R27-芳基、R27-芳基烷基、R27-杂芳基和R27-杂芳基烷基;
R27为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-NO2、卤素、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R28、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR28、-C(O)NHR29、-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR28、-S(O)2R29、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR28、-S(O)2NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OH、-OR29、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR29、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R29、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R29、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);
R28为烷基、环烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R29为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
前提条件是当W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则R1不是任选取代的苯基;
前提条件是R1和R5均不为-C(O)-烷基-吖丁啶酮或被(-COOR15或-C(O)N(R15)(R16))及(-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-N(R15)C(O)OR16)二取代的烷基;
前提条件是当R1为甲基,X为-N(R5)-,R2为H,W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则(R3,R4)不为(H,H)、(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);
前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-,R1和R5均为H,W为-C(O)-且U为化学键时,则(R3,R4)不为(任选取代的苯基、任选取代的苄基)、(任选取代的苯基,杂芳基烷基)或(杂芳基,杂芳基烷基);
前提条件是当X为-N(R5)-时,则R1和R5不为-烷基芳基-芳基-SO2-N(R15)(R16),其中R15为H,R16为杂芳基;
前提条件是当R1为R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基,其中R21为-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-S(O)2CF3、-S(O)烷基、-S(O)2烷基、-S(O)2CHF2、-S(O)2CF2CF3、-OCF2CHF2、-OCHF2、-OCH2CF3、-SF5或-S(O)2NR15R16,其中R15和R16独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-芳基和R18-杂芳基;U为化学键;且X为-N(R5)-时;则R5为H;
前提条件是当U为化学键,
R3和R4为烷基、
其中R21为卤素、-CN、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基,
R1为
其中a为0-6,R22为烷基、烷氧基、卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO2或卤代烷基时;
则R21a不为H、-C(O)2R15,其中R15选自烷基、环烷基以及被苯基、烷基或烷基-R22取代的烷基,其中R22选自苯基、被烷基取代的苯基以及其中R22选自H、甲氧基、硝基、氧代、-OH、卤素和烷基、
其中所述烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子;
所述环烷基是指包含5个至7个环原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;
所述芳基是指包含6个至10个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统;
所述杂环烷基是指包含5个至10个环原子的非芳族的饱和单环或多环系统,环系统中的1-3个原子是单独的氮、氧或硫或它们的组合,并且所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子;
所述杂芳基是指包含5个至10个环原子的芳族单环或多环系统,其中1-4个环原子是单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合;
所述烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且在链中包含2个至6个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;
所述炔基是指包含至少一个碳碳三键并且在链中包含2个至4个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;
所述环烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且包含5个至10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;并且
所述烷氧基是指烷基-O-,其中烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子。
2.具有式(IB)所示结构的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐:
其中
U为化学键;
R1是烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R2是H;
R3选自烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-CH2-O-Si(R9)(R10)(R19)、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)、-N(R11)C(O)OR9和-C(=NOH)R8;
R4选自烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-CH2-O-Si(R9)(R10)(R19)、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-C(O)N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)(R12)、-N(R11)C(O)R8、-N(R11)S(O)R10、-N(R11)C(O)N(R12)(R13)、-N(R11)C(O)OR9和-C(=NOH)R8;
R5是H或烷基;
每个R8独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-OR15、-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)和-N(R15)C(O)OR16;
每个R9独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基和杂芳基烷基;
每个R10独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基和-N(R15)(R16);
每个R11、R12和R13独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、-C(O)R8、-C(O)OR9、-S(O)R10、-S(O)2R10、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)和-CN;
R15、R16和R17分别独立选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、芳基杂环烷基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-环烷基烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-杂环烷基烷基、R18-芳基、R18-芳基烷基、R18-杂芳基和R18-杂芳基烷基;或者
R15、R16和R17为
其中R23为0-5个取代基,m为0-6,且n为1-5;
R18为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、芳基烯基、芳基炔基、-NO2、卤素、杂芳基、HO-烷氧基烷基、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R19、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR19、-C(O)NHR20、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH2-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR19、-S(O)2R20、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR19、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OCF3、-OH、-OR20、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR20、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)-(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R20、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R20、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R18可以连接在一起构成
R19为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R20为烷基、环烷基、芳基、卤代芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
其中在R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R21取代的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-CH(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-R15;-CH2N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-S(O)R15、=NOR15、-N3、-NO2和-S(O)2R15,其中在R21中的烷基、环烯基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R22取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR15、-C(O)R15、-C(O)OR15、-烷基-C(O)OR15、C(O)N(R15)(R16)、-SR15、-S(O)N(R15)(R16)、-S(O)2N(R15)(R16)、-C(=NOR15)R16、-P(O)(OR15)(OR16)、-N(R15)(R16)、-烷基-N(R15)(R16)、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16、-N3、=NOR15、-NO2、-S(O)R15和-S(O)2R15;或者
相邻碳原子上的两个R21或两个R22可以连接在一起构成
当R21或R22选自-C(=NOR15)R16、-N(R15)C(O)R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-N(R15)S(O)2N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)S(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)OR16和-CH2-N(R15)C(O)OR16时,R15与R16一起可以为C2至C4链,其中任选1、2或3个环碳原子可被-C(O)-或-N(H)-置换,并且R15和R16与它们所连接的原子一起构成任选被R23取代的5-7元环;
R23为1-5个独立选自以下的基团:烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、卤素、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、-C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;其中在R23中的烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、烯基和炔基各自独立地为未被取代的或被1-5个独立选自以下的R27取代的基团:烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、-CF3、-CN、-OR24、-C(O)R24、-C(O)OR24、烷基-C(O)OR24、C(O)N(R24)(R25)、-SR24、-S(O)N(R24)(R25)、-S(O)2N(R24)(R25)、-C(=NOR24)R25、-P(O)(OR24)(OR25)、-N(R24)(R25)、-烷基-N(R24)(R25)、-N(R24)C(O)R25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)R25、-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-CH2-N(R24)S(O)2R25、-N(R24)S(O)2N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)S(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)N(R25)(R26)、-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-CH2-N(R24)C(O)OR25、-S(O)R24和-S(O)2R24;
R24、R25和R26独立选自H、烷基、环烷基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基环烷基、R27-烷基、R27-环烷基、R27-环烷基烷基、R27-杂环烷基、R27-杂环烷基烷基、R27-芳基、R27-芳基烷基、R27-杂芳基和R27-杂芳基烷基;
R27为1-5个独立选自以下的取代基:烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、-NO2、卤素、-CF3、-CN、烷基-CN、-C(O)R28、-C(O)OH、-C(O)OR28、-C(O)NHR29、-C(O)N(烷基)2、-C(O)N(烷基)(芳基)、-C(O)N(烷基)(杂芳基)、-SR28、-S(O)2R29、-S(O)NH2、-S(O)NH(烷基)、-S(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-S(O)NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH2、-S(O)2NHR28、-S(O)2NH(芳基)、-S(O)2NH(杂环烷基)、-S(O)2N(烷基)2、-S(O)2N(烷基)(芳基)、-OH、-OR29、-O-杂环烷基、-O-环烷基烷基、-O-杂环烷基烷基、-NH2、-NHR29、-N(烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)2、-N(芳基烷基)(杂芳基烷基)、-NHC(O)R29、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH(烷基)、-NHC(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)NH(烷基)、-N(烷基)C(O)N(烷基)(烷基)、-NHS(O)2R29、-NHS(O)2NH(烷基)、-NHS(O)2N(烷基)(烷基)、-N(烷基)S(O)2NH(烷基)和-N(烷基)S(O)2N(烷基)(烷基);
R28为烷基、环烷基、芳基烷基或杂芳基烷基;
R29为烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基或杂芳基烷基;
前提条件是:(R3,R4)不为(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);
前提条件是当R1和R5均为H时,则(R3,R4)不为(任选取代的苯基、任选取代的苄基)、(任选取代的苯基,杂芳基烷基)或(杂芳基,杂芳基烷基);
前提条件是当R1为R21-芳基烷基,其中R21为-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-S(O)2CF3、-S(O)烷基、-S(O)2烷基、-S(O)2CHF2、-S(O)2CF2CF3、-OCF2CHF2、-OCHF2、-OCH2CF3、-SF5或-S(O)2NR15R16,其中R15和R16独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-芳基和R18-杂芳基;则R5为H;
前提条件是:
当R3和R4为烷基、
其中R21为卤素、-CN、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基,
R1为
其中a为0-6,R22为烷基、烷氧基、卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO2或卤代烷基时;
则R21a不为H、-C(O)2R15,其中R15选自烷基、环烷基以及被苯基、烷基或烷基-R22取代的烷基,其中R22选自苯基、被烷基取代的苯基以及其中R22选自H、甲氧基、硝基、氧代、-OH、卤素和烷基、
其中所述烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子;
所述环烷基是指包含5个至7个环原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;
所述芳基是指包含6个至10个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统;
所述杂环烷基是指包含5个至10个环原子的非芳族的饱和单环或多环系统,环系统中的1-3个原子是单独的氮、氧或硫或它们的组合,并且所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子;
所述杂芳基是指包含5个至10个环原子的芳族单环或多环系统,其中1-4个环原子是单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合;并且
所述烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且在链中包含2个至6个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;
所述炔基是指包含至少一个碳碳三键并且在链中包含2个至4个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;
所述环烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且包含5个至10个碳原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;并且
所述烷氧基是指烷基-O-,其中烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R3和R4分别独立选自芳基、杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、芳基烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、烷基和环烷基烷基。
4.具有式(IB)所示结构的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐:
其中
U为化学键;
R1是烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R2是H;
R3是烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R4是烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基或R21-芳基烷基;
R5是H或烷基;
R21是烷基、芳基、卤素、-OR15、-NO2、-C(O)R15、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-CH(R15)(R16);
n是1;
m是1;
R18是-OR20
R20是芳基;且
R23是烷基;
前提条件是:(R3,R4)不为(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);
前提条件是当R1和R5均为H时,则(R3,R4)不为(任选取代的苯基、任选取代的苄基)、(任选取代的苯基,杂芳基烷基)或(杂芳基,杂芳基烷基);
前提条件是当R1为R21-芳基烷基,其中R21为-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-S(O)2CF3、-S(O)烷基、-S(O)2烷基、-S(O)2CHF2、-S(O)2CF2CF3、-OCF2CHF2、-OCHF2、-OCH2CF3、-SF5或-S(O)2NR15R16,其中R15和R16独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-芳基和R18-杂芳基;则R5为H;
前提条件是:
当R3和R4为烷基、
其中R21为卤素、-CN、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基,
R1为
其中a为0-6,R22为烷基、烷氧基、卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO2或卤代烷基时;
则R21a不为H、-C(O)2R15,其中R15选自烷基、环烷基以及被苯基、烷基或烷基-R22取代的烷基,其中R22选自苯基、被烷基取代的苯基以及其中R22选自H、甲氧基、硝基、氧代、-OH、卤素和烷基、
其中所述烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子;
所述环烷基是指包含5个至7个环原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;
所述芳基是指包含6个至10个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统;
所述杂环烷基是指包含5个至10个环原子的非芳族的饱和单环或多环系统,环系统中的1-3个原子是单独的氮、氧或硫或它们的组合,并且所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子;
所述杂芳基是指包含5个至10个环原子的芳族单环或多环系统,其中1-4个环原子是单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合;
所述烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且在链中包含2个至6个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;并且
所述烷氧基是指烷基-O-,其中烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子。
6.具有式(IB)所示结构的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐:
其中
U为化学键;
R1是烷基、R21-烷基、芳基烷基、R21-芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R2是H;
R3是烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R4是烷基、环烷基烷基、环烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、R21-烷基、R21-环烷基烷基、R21-环烷基、R21-芳基、R21-芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、杂环烷基烷基、R21-杂芳基烷基、R21-杂芳基、R21-杂环烷基或R21-杂环烷基烷基;
R5是H或烷基;
n是1或2;
m是0或1;
R18是-OR20或卤素;
R20是芳基或卤代芳基;
R21是烷基、芳基、杂芳基、R22-烷基、R22-芳基、R22-杂芳基、卤素、杂环烷基、-N(R15)(R16)、-OR15、-NO2、-C(O)R15-N(R15)C(O)R16、-N(R15)S(O)2R16、-CH2-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)、-N(R15)C(O)N(R16)(R17)或-CH(R15)(R16);
R22是-OR15或卤素;且
R23是H或烷基;
前提条件是:(R3,R4)不为(苯基,苯基)、(H,苯基)、(苄基,H)、(苄基,苯基)、(异丁基,H)、(异丁基,苯基)、(OH-苯基,苯基)、(卤素-苯基,苯基)或(CH3O-苯基,NO2-苯基);
前提条件是当R1和R5均为H时,则(R3,R4)不为(任选取代的苯基、任选取代的苄基)、(任选取代的苯基,杂芳基烷基)或(杂芳基,杂芳基烷基);
前提条件是当R1为R21-芳基烷基,其中R21为-OCF3、-S(O)CF3、-S(O)2CF3、-S(O)烷基、-S(O)2烷基、-S(O)2CHF2、-S(O)2CF2CF3、-OCF2CHF2、-OCHF2、-OCH2CF3、-SF5或-S(O)2NR15R16,其中R15和R16独立选自H、烷基、烯基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基、R18-烷基、R18-环烷基、R18-杂环烷基、R18-芳基和R18-杂芳基;则R5为H;
前提条件是:
当R3和R4为烷基、
其中R21为卤素、-CN、烷基、烷氧基、卤代烷基或卤代烷氧基,
R1为
其中a为0-6,R22为烷基、烷氧基、卤素、-CN、-OH、-NO2或卤代烷基时;
则R21a不为H、-C(O)2R15,其中R15选自烷基、环烷基以及被苯基、烷基或烷基-R22取代的烷基,其中R22选自苯基、被烷基取代的苯基以及其中R22选自H、甲氧基、硝基、氧代、-OH、卤素和烷基、
其中所述烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子;
所述环烷基是指包含5个至7个环原子的非芳族单环或多环系统;
所述芳基是指包含6个至10个碳原子的芳族单环或多环系统;
所述杂环烷基是指包含5个至10个环原子的非芳族的饱和单环或多环系统,环系统中的1-3个原子是单独的氮、氧或硫或它们的组合,并且所述环系统中不存在任何相邻的氧原子和/或硫原子;
所述杂芳基是指包含5个至10个环原子的芳族单环或多环系统,其中1-4个环原子是单独的氮、氧、硫或它们的组合;
所述烯基是指包含至少一个碳碳双键并且在链中包含2个至6个碳原子的直链或支链脂肪族烃基;并且
所述烷氧基是指烷基-O-,其中烷基在链中包含1个至6个碳原子。
9.一种药物组合物,该组合物包含有效量的至少一种权利要求1-8任一项的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐以及药用有效的载体。
10.权利要求1的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制组织蛋白酶D、BACE-1或肾素酶的药物中的应用。
11.权利要求10的应用,其中所述应用是权利要求1的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制BACE-1的药物中的应用。
12.权利要求1的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗心血管疾病的药物中的应用。
13.权利要求1的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制BACE-1或组织蛋白酶D的药物中的应用。
14.权利要求1的化合物或者其互变异构体或者药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的药物中的应用。
15.权利要求9的组合物在制备用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的药物中的应用。
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