CN101670592A - 塑料挤出制品切削机构和所用刀具 - Google Patents

塑料挤出制品切削机构和所用刀具 Download PDF

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CN101670592A
CN101670592A CN200910205331A CN200910205331A CN101670592A CN 101670592 A CN101670592 A CN 101670592A CN 200910205331 A CN200910205331 A CN 200910205331A CN 200910205331 A CN200910205331 A CN 200910205331A CN 101670592 A CN101670592 A CN 101670592A
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cutter
cutting mechanism
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extrusion products
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CN101670592B (zh
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邓小鸥
武宽宏
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Jinan Deca Machine Co Ltd
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Priority to RU2012118469/02A priority patent/RU2518044C2/ru
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B26D1/143—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter rotating about a stationary axis
    • B26D1/15—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter rotating about a stationary axis with vertical cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/56—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter
    • B26D1/60—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter and is mounted on a movable carriage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/088—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by cleaning or lubricating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0046—Cutting members therefor rotating continuously about an axis perpendicular to the edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种塑料挤出制品切削机构和所用刀具。其中塑料挤出制品切削机构，包括：刀座，用于安装刀具；支架，安装在切割机的随动机架上，使其与挤出型材同步运动；进给子机构，驱动所述刀座做进给运动；驱动装置，安装在所述刀座上以驱动所述刀具做切削运动；所述刀具为无齿圆刀，且该刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为2～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。使用本发明的切削机构和刀具具有切割噪音小，不会产生尘屑，且型材断面质量好的特点。

Description

塑料挤出制品切削机构和所用刀具
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料挤出制品切削机构和所用刀具，所说的塑料挤出制品切削机构是塑料型材切割机的主机构，包括用于安装刀具的刀座，安装在切割机的随动机架上，使其与挤出型材同步运动的支架，驱动所述刀座做进给运动的进给子机构和安装在所述刀座上以驱动所述刀具做切削运动的驱动装置。
(二)背景技术
在塑料制品成型技术领域中，尤其是塑料型材挤出技术领域中，通常需要对连续成型的型材进行切割，以获得适当长度的型材，便于型材的运输和后续加工。目前塑料挤出制品切割设备的主机构是锯片式切削机构，其中所说的锯片以圆锯片为主，具有旋转的切割运动和在切割方向上的进给运动，两个运动是同时进行的，切割过程中，锯齿受到刚性冲击，其一会使锯齿的寿命变短，且一旦锯齿因长期承受疲劳载荷而断裂，锯片就无法修复，断齿稍多就会严重影响型材断面的加工质量，最终使锯片失效；加之锯片本身的加工精度问题，所加工型材断面质量是比较差的。另一方面，由于锯齿受到刚性冲击，而产生比较大的噪声，长期使用锯片式切割机会对操作人员的听力产生负面影响，在市区使用，还会产生噪声污染。此外，从切削原理上来看，锯片式切割机是利用锯齿依次切割下部分型材而形成粉尘或者切屑，造成车间污染，对工人的身体健康造成很大影响。
(三)发明内容
因此，本发明为了克服目前锯片式切割机使用中噪音大、容易产生尘屑，型材断面质量差的缺点，提供了一种以圆形刀具为切割构件的塑料挤出制品切削机构及其所用的刀具，具有切割噪音小，不会产生尘屑，且型材断面质量好。
根据本发明一个方面的切割机构
该发明塑料挤出制品切割机构，包括：
刀座，用于安装刀具；
支架，安装在切割机的随动机架上，使其与挤出型材同步运动；
进给子机构，驱动所述刀座做进给运动；
驱动装置，安装在所述刀座上以驱动所述刀具做切削运动；
所述刀具为无齿圆刀，且该刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为2～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。
根据本发明技术方案的切割机构有别于现有锯片式切削机构，采用无齿圆刀作为刀具，虽然本方案仍然采用了进给运动和切削运动的概念，但相对于现有进给运动的方式，其进给过程，无齿圆刀与型材的接触线从小到大，在此过程中刀具进给运动中就具有切削作用，因此本方案所说的进给也带有切削的性质，甚至对于断面较小的塑料型材，可以直接把所说的进给运动作为切削运动就可以把型材切断，运动形式上与现有锯片式切割机有本质区别。在此，应用本方案所说的刀具切削工序不再是锯齿的对型材侧持续冲击，噪音小，且不会产生尘屑，对工人的身心健康影响小。
上述塑料挤出制品切割机构，所述刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为3～4度，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4～6度。
上述塑料挤出制品切割机构，所述刀具的厚度为2～10mm。
上述塑料挤出制品切割机构，所述刀座为铰轴安装在所述支架上的摆动架或者为与竖直设置在所述支架上的大导轴配合的上下运动的移动副。
上述塑料挤出制品切割机构，所述驱动装置为电机及配置的减速机，该减速机的输出轴安装有所述刀具。
上述塑料挤出制品切割机构还包括设置在所述刀座上的润滑装置，以提供所述刀具切削时的润滑脂。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种应用在塑料挤出制品切削机构上的刀具，该刀具为无齿圆刀，且其为单面刃时的刃口角度为2～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。
(四)附图说明
下面结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的陈述，使本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明，其中：
图1为本发明实施例中一种塑料挤出制品切削机构主视结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例中一种塑料挤出制品切削机构立体结构示意图。
图3为刀具结构示意图。
图中：1、进给气缸，2、大导轴，3、刀座，4、刀具，5、支架，6、刀体，7、刀刃，8、驱动装置。
(五)具体实施方式
参照说明书附图1至3，其中图1和图2所示的塑料挤出制品切割机构，包括：
刀座3，用于安装刀具4；
支架5，安装在切割机的随动机架上，使其与挤出型材同步运动；
进给子机构，驱动所述刀座做进给运动；
驱动装置8，安装在所述刀座上以驱动所述刀具做切削运动；
所述刀具为无齿圆刀，且该刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为3～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。
在这里，所说的驱动装置和进给子机构可以采用目前切割机所普遍采用的结构形式，当然，在本方案中所述驱动装置和进给子机构的运动形式有更多的选择，即考虑型材断面的结构和面积，选择以进给运动为主还是以切削运动为主。
对于所述切削刃的选择，本方案因考虑到可能会把进给运动部分地作为切削运动，因此倾向于刃口具有两面刃的刀具，切削效果会更好，所用的切削力较小。而单面刃结构简单，便于加工，对于在以切削运动为主运动时，是一个比较好的选择。
另外，对于刃口角度的选择，在保证刃口强度的情况下，越小越好，人口角度越小，断面缺陷越小，除了该因素之外，还需要考虑型材的断面结构和面积。分述如下：
所说的断面结构和面积，目前普遍使用的塑料型材，面积较小的，室温(20摄氏度)条件下，据验证，双面刃采用最低限的2.5度，甚至1.5度，在切削速度较高的500r/min条件下，连续切断500件不会出现崩刃的情况。相同条件下，所说的单面刃的刀具可以具有基本相同的效果。反过来考虑，在提高型材温度，并才有大角度的刃口，所说的进给运动就可以做为主运动，对于断面面积较小的型材，切削运动可以选择较低速的20r/min。对于刃口角度较大的情况，更多的需要考虑的是在型材断面面积较大的断面结构较复杂情况，原则仍然是在考虑了刀具寿命的情况下，人口角度尽可能小。
进一步地，考虑切割时型材的温度，理想状态下，需要参考维卡软化点，所谓维卡软化点指工程塑料、通用塑料等聚合物的试样于液体传热介质中，在一定的载荷、一定的等速升温条件下，被1mm2的压针压入1mm深度时的温度。切割大断面型材时，所需要的型材温度应当在四分之一相应材料维卡软化点以上、三分之一维卡软化点以下，会有比较好的切割效果，且不会产生宏观缺陷。
原则上来讲，在切割过程中需要一定的温度作为辅助条件，实际上，在挤出机挤出型材后其温度高达200摄氏度，虽然经过之后的工位才到切割工位，其自身所保持的温度基本上可以落入上述的温度范围之内，从而本方案可以在实际使用中起到很好的切割效果。
自然，正如前面所提到的，对于断面尺寸比较小的型材，可以在常温下进行切割，仍然可以获得比较好的效果。
基于上述陈述，本方案优选：所述刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为3~4度，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4~6度，对于这两个范围的下点位，可以在较大的温度(20~80摄氏度)和型材类型范围内不会产生因崩刃而造成的快速失效的情况。于此，本方案仍然倾向于在保证刀具使用寿命的情况下，尽可能采用角度较小的刃口，对应于3~4度和4~6度两个角度范围的下点位刀具具有较高的使用寿命，而下点位可以获得当前所能接受的断面质量，在此范围内均可以满足刀具寿命和断面质量的技术要求。
在刃具选择中，刀具厚度需要考虑刀盘直径和刃口角度，其中最主要的是刀盘直径，因此所述刀具的厚度为2~10mm，该数值范围与刀盘直径采用常规的选择方式，即与刀片直径为线性关系。
对于所述刀座的结构形式，其一可以采用铰轴安装在所述支架上的摆动架，其二可以选择与竖直设置在所述支架上的大导轴2配合的上下运动的移动架。自然，本领域的技术人员还可以选择其它的运动副。
所述驱动装置为电机及配置的减速机，该减速机的输出轴安装有所述刀具。另外，对于一些断面结构简单，且断面面积较小的型材，可以采用直线刃的刀具，在切割过程中，刃线方向上刀刃与型材没有相对运动，就可以完成切割。
该切割机构还包括设置在所述刀座上的润滑装置，以提供所述刀具切削时的润滑脂，减小切割过程中的阻尼，以及夹刀现象，提高刀具使用寿命。
相应地，为了配合上述塑料挤出制品切割机构，所用的刀具为无齿圆刀，且其为单面刃时的刃口角度为2~6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4~12度。

Claims (7)

1.一种塑料挤出制品切割机构，包括：
刀座(3)，用于安装刀具(4)；
支架(5)，安装在切割机的随动机架上，使其与挤出型材同步运动；
进给子机构，驱动所述刀座做进给运动；
驱动装置(8)，安装在所述刀座上以驱动所述刀具做切削运动；
其特征在于：
所述刀具为无齿圆刀，且该刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为2～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料挤出制品切割机构，其特征在于：所述刀具为单面刃时的刃口角度为3～4度，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4～6度。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一所述的塑料挤出制品切割机构，其特征在于：所述刀具的厚度为2～10mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的塑料挤出制品切割机构，其特征在于：所述刀座为铰轴安装在所述支架上的摆动架或者为与竖直设置在所述支架上的大导轴(2)配合的上下运动的移动副。
5.根据权利要求4所述的塑料挤出制品切割机构，其特征在于：所述驱动装置为电机及配置的减速机，该减速机的输出轴安装有所述刀具。
6.根据权利要求5所述的塑料挤出制品切割机构，其特征在：还包括设置在所述刀座上的润滑装置，以提供所述刀具切削时的润滑脂。
7.一种应用在塑料挤出制品切削机构上的刀具，其特征在于：该刀具为无齿圆刀，且其为单面刃时的刃口角度为2～6度，为两面刃时刃口角度4～12度。
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CN102092057A (zh) * 2010-10-28 2011-06-15 济南德佳机器有限公司 一种切断方法及应用该方法的切断机
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CN113996863A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-01 广东唯宝欣数控科技有限公司 一种保温装饰一体板数控裁切机

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