WO2011041988A1 - 塑料挤出型材的切割方法、切割装置及切割机 - Google Patents

塑料挤出型材的切割方法、切割装置及切割机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011041988A1
WO2011041988A1 PCT/CN2010/077617 CN2010077617W WO2011041988A1 WO 2011041988 A1 WO2011041988 A1 WO 2011041988A1 CN 2010077617 W CN2010077617 W CN 2010077617W WO 2011041988 A1 WO2011041988 A1 WO 2011041988A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
round knife
holder
toothless
cutting device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/077617
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓小鸥
武宽宏
Original Assignee
济南德佳机器有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 济南德佳机器有限公司 filed Critical 济南德佳机器有限公司
Priority to RU2012118469/02A priority Critical patent/RU2518044C2/ru
Priority to EP10821597.1A priority patent/EP2487012A4/en
Publication of WO2011041988A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011041988A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B26D1/143—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter rotating about a stationary axis
    • B26D1/15—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter rotating about a stationary axis with vertical cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/56—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter
    • B26D1/60—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which travels with the work otherwise than in the direction of the cut, i.e. flying cutter and is mounted on a movable carriage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/088—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by cleaning or lubricating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0046—Cutting members therefor rotating continuously about an axis perpendicular to the edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of processing of plastic profiles, in particular to the field of cutting of plastic extruded profiles, in particular to a method for cutting plastic extruded profiles, a cutting device for plastic extruded profiles applied in the method, and a plastic using the same Cutting machine for extruded profiles.
  • the main device of the plastic extrusion profile cutting device is a saw blade type cutting device, wherein the saw blade is mainly a circular saw blade and has a sawtooth around the periphery.
  • the saw blade has a cutting motion of the rotating serration and a feed motion in the cutting direction during cutting, and the two movements are performed simultaneously.
  • the sawtooth is subjected to a rigid impact, which shortens the life of the sawtooth. Once the sawtooth is broken due to long-term fatigue load, the saw blade cannot be repaired.
  • the saw blade fails; in addition, the machining accuracy of the saw blade itself is generally not high, so the cross-section quality of the processed profile is relatively poor. Due to the rigid impact of the serrations, relatively large noise is generated, resulting in noise pollution. The long-term use of saw blade cutting opportunities has a negative impact on the operator's hearing.
  • the saw blade cutting machine uses the saw teeth to cut the lower part of the profile in turn, thus forming a large amount of dust or chips, causing dust pollution, which adversely affects the health of workers.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the saw blade in the saw blade cutting, such as easy damage, high noise, easy to generate dust, and poor quality of the profiled profile after cutting, and provide a new technical solution capable of solving the above problems. .
  • the present invention provides a method for cutting a plastic extruded profile, wherein the cutting tool used in the method uses a toothless round knife, and the toothless round knife feeds the profile while rotating the cutting to cut the profile.
  • the edge of the toothless round knife is 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ when the blade is single-sided, the edge angle is 4 ⁇ 12 ⁇ for the double-edged blade, and the linear speed of the blade edge is 20 ⁇ 100m/min.
  • the feed rate of the toothless round knife is 0.3 ⁇ 0.7m/min, and the lubricant is sprayed to the toothless round knife at the same time during the cutting process.
  • the blade edge of the toothless round knife has a cutting edge angle of 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ when the blade is a single-sided blade, and a cutting edge angle of 4 ⁇ 6 ⁇ when the double-edged blade is a blade edge, and the linear velocity of the blade edge is 30 ⁇ 40m/min, the feed rate of the toothless round knife is 0.4 ⁇ 0.6m/min.
  • the present invention also provides a cutting device for a plastic extruded profile applied to the above cutting method, the cutting device comprising a cutter and a lubrication mechanism 12, the cutter being a toothless circular cutter 4, a lubrication mechanism The lubricant nozzle on 12 points to the toothless round knife 4.
  • the toothless round knife 4 is composed of a cutter body 6 having an inner circumference and a blade edge 7 having an outer circumference.
  • the cutting edge angle ⁇ is 2 ⁇ 6 ⁇ , which is a double-edged blade.
  • the mouth angle ⁇ is 4 ⁇ 12 ⁇ .
  • the blade edge 7 of the toothless round knife 4 has a cutting edge angle ⁇ of 3 ⁇ to 4 ⁇ when the blade is a single-sided blade, and a cutting edge angle ⁇ of 4 ⁇ to 6 ⁇ when the double-edged blade is used.
  • the edge of the cutting edge 7 has a cutting edge 14, the height H of the cutting edge 14 is 1 ⁇ 3mm, and the tip width B of the cutting edge 14 is 0.2 ⁇ 0.4mm;
  • the blade body 6 of the toothless round knife 4 has a thickness of 2 to 10 mm.
  • the cutting device further comprises a bracket 5, a knife seat 3, a feeding mechanism and a driving mechanism 11.
  • the driving mechanism 11 mounted on the knife seat 3 has an output shaft mounted with a toothless round knife 4 and can make the toothless round knife 4 The output shaft rotates, and the feeding mechanism is installed between the bracket 5 and the seat 3.
  • the seat 3 can be fed and reset along the bracket 5 by the feeding mechanism, and the lubricating mechanism 12 is disposed on the seat 3.
  • the feed mechanism includes a guide shaft 2 and a feed cylinder 1 disposed on the bracket 5, the knife seat 3 is sleeved on the guide shaft 2, and the cylinder and the cylinder rod of the feed cylinder 1 are respectively mounted on the machine Rack 5 and knife holder 3.
  • the feed cylinder 1 is provided with a damping device 13.
  • the drive mechanism 11 includes a motor and a reducer associated therewith, and the output shaft of the reducer mounts the toothless round knife 4.
  • the present invention also provides a cutting machine for a plastic extruded profile using the above cutting device, comprising a frame 8, a cutting device, and a clamping positioning mechanism 10, the cutting machine further comprising a follower frame 9
  • the follower frame 9 is mounted on the guide rail of the frame 8 and can reciprocate along the guide rail under the action of the follower cylinder 15 installed between the frame 8 and the follower frame 9, and the cutting device is mounted on the follower
  • the clamping positioning mechanism 10 is mounted on the follower frame 9 for clamping positioning of the profile, the cutting device comprising a cutter and a lubrication mechanism 12, the cutter being a toothless circular knife 4, on the lubrication mechanism 12
  • the lubricant nozzle is directed to the toothless round knife 4.
  • the cutting device comprises a bracket 5, a holder 3, a toothless circular knife 4, a feeding mechanism and a driving mechanism 11.
  • the driving mechanism 11 mounted on the holder 3 has an output shaft mounted with a toothless circular knife 4 and can be made without
  • the toothed circular knife 4 rotates around the output shaft, and the feeding mechanism is installed between the bracket 5 and the seat 3.
  • the knife seat 3 can be fed and reset along the bracket 5 by the feeding mechanism, and the lubricating mechanism 12 is disposed at On the seat 3, there are two clamping and positioning mechanisms 10, which are respectively distributed on both sides of the toothless round knife 4 and at a relatively long distance.
  • the toothless round knife used in the present invention has two movements for the plastic extruded profile: the rotary motion and the feed motion of the toothless round knife, and the plastic profile under the combined action of the two movements
  • the cutting and cutting can smoothly and continuously complete the cutting of the profile, so the cutting process is free from noise and dust, and the noise generated by the saw blade without the saw blade intermittently impacts the dust and the dust under the sawtooth cutting.
  • the invention realizes the mute and dust-free cutting in the cutting process of the plastic extrusion profile, at the same time prolongs the service life of the cutter, improves the cutting quality of the profile, and has high industrial applicability.
  • the reciprocating movement of the follower frame relative to the frame enables the cutting device to synchronously move with the continuously formed plastic extruded profile to be cut when cutting the profile, thereby realizing the cutting of the profile during the continuous molding process, and the cutting device is reset after one cutting, waiting for the next
  • the beginning of a cutting work cycle enables automated fixed length cutting of continuously formed profiles.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a cutting machine for a plastic extruded profile of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cutting device for a plastic extruded profile of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a toothless round knife having a double-sided edge according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toothless circular knife having a single-faced blade according to the present invention.
  • the cutting machine for plastic extruded profiles of the present invention comprises: a frame 8, a follower frame 9, a cutting device, a clamping and positioning mechanism 10, and a cover.
  • the follower frame 9 is mounted on the guide rail of the frame 8, and can be linearly reciprocated relative to the frame under the push of the follower cylinder 15 installed between the frame 8 and the follower bracket 9, and is made to follow when cutting.
  • the frame 9 is moved synchronously with the plastic extruded profile to be cut to achieve continuous cutting of the continuously formed plastic extruded profile.
  • the cutting device is fixed on the follower frame, and the cutting device comprises a bracket 5, a knife seat 3, a toothless round knife 4, a feeding mechanism, a driving mechanism 11, and a lubricating mechanism 12;
  • the driving mechanism 11 mounted on the knife seat 3 is a motor
  • the associated reducer the output shaft of the reducer is fixedly mounted with a toothless round knife 4;
  • the toothless round knife 4 is composed of a cutter body 6 in an inner circle and a blade edge 7 in an outer circle, and the blade edge 7 can be a double-sided blade It can also be a single-sided blade.
  • the cutting edge angle of the blade 7 is ⁇ .
  • the cutting edge angle of the blade 7 is ⁇
  • the edge of the blade 7 has a cutting edge 14 and a blade.
  • the height H of the tip 14 is 1 to 3 mm
  • the tip width B of the blade tip 14 is 0.2 to 0.4 mm;
  • the feeding mechanism includes a guide shaft 2 and a feed cylinder 1, and the guide shaft 2 is vertically disposed on the bracket 5, the knife
  • the sleeve is set on the guide shaft 2, and the cylinder block and the cylinder rod of the feed cylinder 1 are respectively mounted on the bracket 5 and the holder 3, and the holder 3 can be fed along the guide shaft 2 under the push-pull of the feed cylinder 1.
  • the resetting movement; the feed cylinder 1 is further provided with a damping device 13, and the damping device 13 can be oil damping, which can ensure uniform and stable feed speed and avoid changes due to cutting resistance.
  • the folder knife, knife bar phenomenon, affecting normal cutting; lubricating means 12 is provided on the nozzle 3 and which point no gear lubricant circle knife holder 4.
  • a cover is attached to the outside of the cutting device to ensure the safety of the cutting process.
  • the follower frame moves synchronously with the plastic extruded profile to be cut under the push of the following cylinder; at this time, the clamping and positioning mechanism completes the action to be cut.
  • a straight-blade cutter can be used. During the cutting process, the cutting edge and the profile are not opposite in the direction of the cutting line. Exercise, you can complete the cut.
  • the cutting edge of the toothless round knife can be selected as a double-sided edge and a single-sided edge.
  • This solution is considered to be a part of the feed motion as a cutting motion, so it tends to have a knife with a double-edged edge, and the cutting effect is better.
  • the cutting force used is small.
  • the single-sided blade is simple in structure and easy to manufacture, and is a good choice for the main movement of cutting motion.
  • the cross-sectional structure and area of the profile need to be considered.
  • the cutting edge angle of the toothless round knife edge and the rotational cutting movement speed of the toothless round knife and the linear feed movement speed it is necessary to consider the structure and area of the profile section.
  • the linear velocity of the cutting edge of the toothless circular cutter is higher.
  • the cutting motion can select a higher cutting speed and a smaller cutting edge angle.
  • the angle of the cutting edge is large, more consideration is given to the case where the section area of the profile is large and the section structure is complicated. In principle, the cutting edge angle is as small as possible in consideration of the tool life.
  • the edge angle of the toothless round knife is a single-sided edge ⁇ selects 2 ⁇
  • the edge angle ⁇ of the double-edged blade selects 4 ⁇
  • the blade edge speed of the blade is 100m/min
  • the feed rate of the toothless round knife is 0.3.
  • the cutting of the profile can be carried out smoothly and achieve the purpose of the application;
  • the edge angle of the single-faced blade in the case of a small cross-sectional area of the profile and a simple structure ⁇ selects 4 ⁇ , the cutting edge angle ⁇ of the double-sided edge is 6 ⁇ , the cutting edge speed of the blade is 30 m/min, and the feed speed of the toothless circular knife is 0.6.
  • the lubrication of the toothless round knife can make the cutting of the profile go smoothly and achieve the purpose of the application; (3) the edge angle of the single-faced blade in the case of large cross-sectional area of the profile and complicated structure ⁇ selects 3 ⁇ , the edge angle ⁇ of the double-edged blade selects 4 ⁇ , the cutting edge speed of the cutting edge is 40m/min, and the feed rate of the toothless round knife is 0.4.
  • the lubrication of the toothless round knife can make the cutting of the profile go smoothly and achieve the purpose of the application;
  • the edge angle of the single-faced blade in the case of large cross-sectional area of the profile and complicated structure ⁇ selects 6 ⁇
  • the edge angle ⁇ of the double-edged blade selects 12 ⁇
  • the cutting edge speed of the cutting edge is 20m/min
  • the feed rate of the toothless round knife is 0.7.
  • the edge angle ⁇ of the toothless round knife with a single-sided edge is preferably 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , and the edge angle ⁇ when the double-edged blade is used is preferably 4 ⁇ 6 ⁇ , the blade
  • the cutting edge speed is 30 ⁇ 40m/min, and the feed speed of the toothless round knife is 0.4 ⁇ 0.6. m/min.
  • the solution still tends to use a smaller cutting edge angle as much as possible while ensuring tool life.
  • the tool When the large value of the above-mentioned cutting edge angle range is used, the tool has a high service life, and when a small value is adopted, a relatively good cross-sectional quality that is currently acceptable can be obtained, and the tool life and the cross-section quality can be satisfied in this range. skills requirement.
  • the cutter diameter and the cutting edge angle need to be considered. The most important one is the cutter diameter. For common profiles, the thickness of the selected tool is 2 ⁇ 10mm.
  • the cutting method of the plastic extruded profile of the invention is: the cutting tool adopts a toothless round knife; the toothless round knife has two movements simultaneously in the process of cutting the plastic extruded profile, and one is a toothless round knife wound perpendicular thereto and passes through the same
  • the rotary cutting motion of the axis of the center of the circle, and the other is the linear feed motion of the toothless round knife to the plastic extruded profile to be cut, that is, the toothless round knife feeds the plastic extruded profile while rotating until the plastic extrusion is cut Profile
  • the cutting edge angle of the toothless round knife edge, the tip line speed and the feed speed of the toothless round knife are determined according to the cross-sectional area of the profile, the complexity of the section and the temperature of the profile
  • the toothless circle during the cutting process The knife sprays lubricant to reduce the damping during the cutting process and avoid the knife clamping phenomenon, improving the tool life.
  • the application of the invention in industrial production solves the defects that the saw blade is easy to be damaged, the noise is large, the dust is easy to be generated, the section quality of the profile after cutting is poor, and the cutting process of the plastic extrusion profile is realized.
  • the mute and dust-free cutting in the machine also prolongs the service life of the tool and improves the cutting quality of the profile, and realizes the automatic fixed length cutting of the continuously formed plastic extruded profile, which has high industrial applicability.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

塑料挤出型材的切割方法、切割装置及切割机 塑料挤出型材的切割方法、切割装置及切割机
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料型材的加工领域，尤其是塑料挤出型材的切割领域，特别是关于塑料挤出型材的切割方法、应用于该方法中的塑料挤出型材的切割装置及应用该切割装置的塑料挤出型材的切割机。
背景技术
在塑料型材挤出的技术领域中，通常需要对连续成型的型材进行切割，以获得适当长度的型材，便于型材的运输和后续加工。目前，塑料挤出型材切割设备的主装置是锯片式切削装置，其中所说的锯片以圆锯片为主、周边布有锯齿。切割时锯片具有旋转的锯齿的切割运动和在切割方向上的进给运动，两个运动是同时进行的。切割过程中，锯齿受到刚性冲击，会使锯齿的寿命变短，且一旦锯齿因长期承受疲劳载荷而断裂，锯片就无法修复，断齿稍多就会严重影响型材断面的加工质量，最终使锯片失效；加之锯片本身的加工精度一般不高，因此所加工的型材断面质量是比较差的。由于锯齿受到刚性冲击，而产生比较大的噪声，造成噪声污染，长期使用锯片式切割机会对操作人员的听力产生负面影响。此外，从切削原理来看，锯片式切割机是利用锯齿依次切割下部分型材，因而形成大量粉尘或者切屑，造成粉尘污染，对工人的身体健康造成不利的影响。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服目前锯片式切割中锯片易损坏、噪音大、容易产生尘屑、切割后的型材断面质量差等缺点，提供一种能解决上述问题的新的技术方案。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种塑料挤出型材的切割方法，所述方法中使用的切割刀具采用无齿圆刀，无齿圆刀在旋转切削的同时向型材进给直至切断型材，无齿圆刀的刀刃为单面刃时的刃口角度为2˚~6˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4˚~12˚，刀刃刃尖的线速度为20~100m/min,无齿圆刀的进给速度为0.3~0.7m/min，切割过程中同时向无齿圆刀喷洒润滑剂。
优选的，所述无齿圆刀的刀刃为单面刃时的刃口角度为3˚~4˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4˚~6˚，刀刃刃尖的线速度为30~40m/min,无齿圆刀的进给速度为0.4~0.6m/min。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了一种应用于上述切割方法中的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，所述切割装置包括刀具和润滑机构12，所述刀具为无齿圆刀4，润滑机构12上的润滑剂喷口指向无齿圆刀4。
所述无齿圆刀4由处于内圆的刀体6和处于外圆的刀刃7构成，刀刃7为单面刃时的刃口角度β为2˚~6˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度α为4˚~12˚。
优选的，所述无齿圆刀4的刀刃7为单面刃时的刃口角度β为3˚~4˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度α为4˚~6˚。
所述刀刃7的端部有刃尖14，刃尖14的高度H为1~3mm，刃尖14的顶尖宽度B为0.2~0.4mm；
所述无齿圆刀4的刀体6厚度为2~10mm。
所述切割装置还包括支架5、刀座3、进给机构、驱动机构11，安装在刀座3上的驱动机构11有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀4并能使无齿圆刀4绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架5与刀座3之间，刀座3可在进给机构的作用下沿支架5做进给和复位运动，润滑机构12设置在刀座3上。
所述进给机构包括导轴2和进给气缸1，导轴2设置在所述支架5上，刀座3套在导轴2上，进给气缸1的缸体和缸杆分别安装在机架5和刀座3上。
所述进给气缸1配有阻尼装置13。
所述驱动机构11包括电机及与之配套的减速机，该减速机的输出轴安装所述无齿圆刀4。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了一种应用上述切割装置的塑料挤出型材的切割机，包括机架8、切割装置、夹紧定位机构10，所述切割机还包括随动机架9，随动机架9安装在机架8的导轨上并能在安装在机架8和随动机架9之间的随动气缸15的作用下沿导轨做往复运动，切割装置安装在随动机架9上，夹紧定位机构10安装在随动机架9上可用于对型材的夹紧定位，所述切割装置包括刀具和润滑机构12，刀具为无齿圆刀4，润滑机构12上的润滑剂喷口指向无齿圆刀4。
所述切割装置包括支架5、刀座3、无齿圆刀4、进给机构、驱动机构11，安装在刀座3上的驱动机构11有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀4并能使无齿圆刀4绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架5与刀座3之间，刀座3可在进给机构的作用下沿支架5做进给和复位运动，润滑机构12设置在刀座3上，夹紧定位机构10有两个，分别分布在无齿圆刀4的两侧且相距比较远的距离。
本发明的有益技术效果：本发明采用的无齿圆刀，对塑料挤出型材具有两个运动：无齿圆刀的旋转运动和进给运动，在两个运动的综合作用下，对塑料型材的割、切，能平滑地、连续地完成对型材的切割，因此切割过程无噪音、无尘屑，没有锯片式刀具的锯齿间断地对型材进行冲击产生的噪音和锯齿割断下的尘屑；为使上述无齿圆刀的切割过程顺利进行，必须对无齿圆刀刀刃的刃口角度、刀刃处的线速度、无齿圆刀的进给速度进行合理的选择和搭配，同时还要考虑型材的面积和结构，才能保证无齿圆刀不崩齿、切割后的型材断面质量好；还要向无齿圆刀喷洒润滑剂以润滑刀具防止夹刀和避免刀具因摩擦而温度升高，提高了无齿圆刀的使用寿命；两个夹紧定位机构相距比较远的距离，可以使切割过程中型材不会夹刀，使切割顺利进行。因此，本发明实现了塑料挤出型材切割过程中的静音、无尘切割，同时延长了刀具的使用寿命、提高了型材的切割质量，具有很高的工业实用性。
随动机架相对机架的往复运动，使得切割装置切割型材时与待切割的连续成型的塑料挤出型材同步运动，实现型材在连续成型过程中的切割，一次切割完毕切割装置复位，等待下一次切割工作循环的开始，实现了连续成型的型材的自动化定长切割。
附图概述
图1为本发明的塑料挤出型材的切割机结构立体图；
图2为本发明的塑料挤出型材的切割装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明有双面刃的无齿圆刀的截面示意图；
图4为本发明有单面刃的无齿圆刀的截面示意图。
图中：1、进给气缸，2、导轴，3、刀座，4、无齿圆刀，5、支架，6、刀体，7、刀刃，8、机架，9、随动机架，10、夹紧定位机构，11、驱动机构，12、润滑机构，13、阻尼装置，14、刃尖，15、随动气缸。
实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
如图1、2、3、4所示，本发明的塑料挤出型材的切割机，包括：机架8、随动机架9、切割装置、夹紧定位机构10、外罩。随动机架9安装在机架8的导轨上，并能在安装在机架8和随动支架9之间的随动气缸15的推动下相对机架做直线往复运动，切割时使随动机架9与待切割的塑料挤出型材同步运动，实现对连续成型的塑料挤出型材的连续切割。切割装置固定在随动机架上，切割装置包括支架5、刀座3、无齿圆刀4、进给机构、驱动机构11、润滑机构12；安装在刀座3上的驱动机构11为电机及与之配套的减速机，减速机的输出轴固定安装无齿圆刀4；无齿圆刀4由处于内圆的刀体6和处于外圆的刀刃7构成，刀刃7可以为双面刃也可以为单面刃，刀刃7为双面刃时刀刃7的刃口角度为α，刀刃7为单面刃时刀刃7的刃口角度为β，刀刃7的端部有刃尖14，刃尖14的高度H为1~3mm，刃尖14的顶尖宽度B为0.2~0.4mm；进给机构包括导轴2和进给气缸1，导轴2竖直设置在所述支架5上，刀座3套在导轴2上，进给气缸1的缸体和缸杆分别安装在支架5和刀座3上，刀座3可以在进给气缸1的推拉下沿导轴2做进给和复位运动；进给气缸1还配有阻尼装置13，阻尼装置13可以为油液阻尼，能够保证进给速度的均匀、稳定，避免因切削阻力变化带来的夹刀、扎刀现象，影响切割的正常进行；润滑机构12设置在刀座3上且其润滑剂喷口指向无齿圆刀4。安装在随动机架9上的夹紧定位机构10有两个，分别分布在无齿圆刀4的两侧且距离较远，能实现对伸过来的塑料挤出型材进行切割前的定位和夹紧动作，两个夹紧定位机构10相距较远可避免型材夹刀。在切割装置的外面安装外罩，保证切割过程的安全。
工作时当连续成型的塑料挤出型材运动到切割位置时，随动机架在随动气缸的推动下与待切割的塑料挤出型材同步运动；此时，夹紧定位机构动作完成对待切割的塑料挤出型材的夹紧定位；夹紧动作完成后，切割装置上的电机工作，经减速后带动无齿园刀旋转；同时切割装置上的进给气缸推动刀座进给，使旋转的无齿园刀进行切割工作；切割的同时，润滑机构的润滑剂喷口向无齿圆刀喷洒润滑剂，减小切割过程中的摩擦，避免夹刀现象，提高了刀具使用寿命；切割工作完成后，进给气缸做复位动作，带动刀座复位；刀座复位后电机停止工作，无齿园刀停止旋转；同时夹紧定位机构松开塑料挤出型材；随动机架在随动气缸拉动下回到原始位置；整个切割工作循环结束，等待下一个切割工作循环的开始；切割循环工作由整个挤出机自动控制系统控制，实现自动定长切割；切割好的塑料制品由送料机构或人工移送到包装位置。
针对不同的情况，上述技术方案可以做出不同的变形，例如对于一些断面结构简单且断面面积较小的型材，可以采用直线刃的刀具，在切割过程中，刃线方向上刀刃与型材没有相对运动，就可以完成切割。
无齿圆刀的切削刃可以选择双面刃和单面刃，本方案因考虑到可能会把进给运动部分地作为切削运动，因此倾向于刃口具有两面刃的刀具，切削效果会更好，所用的切削力较小。而单面刃结构简单，便于制造，对于在以切削运动为主运动时，是一个比较好的选择。另外，对于刃口角度的选择，在保证刃口强度的情况下，越小越好，刃口角度越小，断面缺陷越小，除了此因素外，还需要考虑型材的断面结构和面积。对于无齿圆刀刀刃的刃口角度和无齿圆刀的旋转切削运动速度、直线进给运动速度的选择，还需要需要考虑型材断面的结构、面积。
就目前普遍使用的塑料型材，对于型材断面面积较小的型材，当双面刃的刃口角度α采用最低限的2.5˚甚至1.5˚，在无齿圆刀切削刃的线速度速度较高的情况下和在室温10-35℃的条件下，连续切割不会出现崩刃、夹刀现象；在相同条件下，单面刃的刀具可以具有上述基本相同的效果。因此，对于断面面积较小的型材，切削运动可以选择较高的切削速度、较小的刃口角度。对于刃口角度较大的情况，更多需要考虑的是型材断面面积较大和断面结构较复杂的情况，原则上仍然是在考虑刀具寿命的情况下，刃口角度尽可能小。
经过大量的实验得到：（1）在型材面积较小、结构简单和型材温度较低如室温（10-35℃摄氏度左右）条件下，无齿圆刀的刀刃为单面刃时的刃口角度β选择2˚，双面刃的刃口角度α选择4˚，刀刃的刃尖线速度选择100m/min，无齿圆刀的进给速度选择0.3 m/min，同时对无齿圆刀进行润滑，可以使型材的切割顺利进行并达到本申请的目的；（2）在型材断面面积较小、结构简单的情况下，单面刃的刃口角度β选择4˚，双面刃的刃口角度α选择6˚，刀刃的刃尖线速度选择30m/min，无齿圆刀的进给速度选择0.6 m/min，同时对无齿圆刀进行润滑，可以使型材的切割顺利进行并达到本申请的目的；（3）在型材断面面积较大、结构复杂的情况下，单面刃的刃口角度β选择3˚，双面刃的刃口角度α选择4˚，切削刃的刃尖线速度选择40m/min，无齿圆刀的进给速度选择0.4 m/min，同时对无齿圆刀进行润滑，可以使型材的切割顺利进行并达到本申请的目的；（4）在型材断面面积较大、结构复杂的情况下，单面刃的刃口角度β选择6˚，双面刃的刃口角度α选择12˚，切削刃的刃尖线速度选择20m/min，无齿圆刀的进给速度选择0.7 m/min，同时对无齿圆刀进行润滑，可以使型材的切割顺利进行并达到本申请的目的。
为适应不同类型的型材，所述无齿圆刀采用单面刃时的刃口角度β优选为3˚~4˚，采用双面刃时的刃口角度α优选为4˚~6˚，刀刃的刃尖线速度选择30~40m/min，无齿圆刀的进给速度选择0.4~0.6 m/min。于此，本方案仍然倾向于在保证刀具寿命的情况下，尽可能采用较小的刃口角度。采用上述刃口角度数值范围的大值时刀具具有较高的使用寿命，而采取小值时可以获得当前所能接受的比较好的断面质量，在此范围内均可以满足刀具寿命和断面质量的技术要求。在无齿圆刀厚度的选择中，需要考虑刀盘直径和刃口角度，其中最主要的是刀盘直径，对于常用的型材，选择刀具的厚度为2~10mm。
本发明的塑料挤出型材的切割方法为：切割刀具采用无齿圆刀；无齿圆刀在切割塑料挤出型材过程中同时有两个运动，一个为无齿圆刀绕与其垂直且经过其圆心的轴线的旋转切削运动，另一个为无齿圆刀向待切割的塑料挤出型材的直线进给运动，即无齿圆刀在旋转的同时向塑料挤出型材进给直至切断塑料挤出型材；无齿圆刀刀刃的刃口角度、刃尖线速度和无齿圆刀的进给速度根据型材的截面面积大小、截面复杂程度和型材的温度等条件确定；切割过程中向无齿圆刀喷洒润滑剂，用于减小切割过程中的阻尼和避免夹刀现象，提高刀具使用寿命。
本发明在工业生产中的应用解决了传统锯片式切割中带来的锯片易损坏、噪音大、容易产生尘屑、切割后的型材断面质量差等缺点，实现了塑料挤出型材切割过程中的静音、无尘切割，同时延长了刀具的使用寿命、提高了型材的切割质量，实现了连续成型的塑料挤出型材的自动化定长切割，具有很高的工业实用性。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种塑料挤出型材的切割方法，所述方法中使用的切割刀具采用无齿圆刀，无齿圆刀在旋转切削的同时向型材进给直至切断型材，无齿圆刀的刀刃为单面刃时的刃口角度为2˚~6˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4˚~12˚，刀刃刃尖的线速度为20~100m/min,无齿圆刀的进给速度为0.3~0.7m/min，切割过程中同时向无齿圆刀喷洒润滑剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的塑料挤出型材的切割方法，其特征在于：所述无齿圆刀的刀刃为单面刃时的刃口角度为3˚~4˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度为4˚~6˚，刀刃刃尖的线速度为30~40m/min,无齿圆刀的进给速度为0.4~0.6m/min。
  3. 一种应用于权利要求1所述的切割方法中的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，所述切割装置包括刀具和润滑机构（12），其特征在于：所述刀具为无齿圆刀（4），润滑机构（12）上的润滑剂喷口指向无齿圆刀（4）。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述无齿圆刀（4）由处于内圆的刀体（6）和处于外圆的刀刃（7）构成，刀刃（7）为单面刃时的刃口角度β为2˚~6˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度α为4˚~12˚。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述无齿圆刀（4）的刀刃（7）为单面刃时的刃口角度β为3˚~4˚，为双面刃时的刃口角度α为4˚~6˚。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述刀刃（7）的端部有刃尖（14），刃尖（14）的高度H为1~3mm，刃尖（14）的顶尖宽度B为0.2~0.4mm。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述刀刃（7）的端部有刃尖（14），刃尖（14）的高度H为1~3mm，刃尖（14）的顶尖宽度B为0.2~0.4mm。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述无齿圆刀（4）的刀体（6）厚度为2~10mm。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述切割装置还包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述切割装置还包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述切割装置还包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述切割装置还包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述切割装置还包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述进给机构包括导轴（2）和进给气缸（1），导轴（2）设置在所述支架（5）上，刀座（3）套在导轴（2）上，进给气缸（1）的缸体和缸杆分别安装在机架（5）和刀座（3）上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述进给气缸（1）配有阻尼装置（13）。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的塑料挤出型材的切割装置，其特征在于：所述驱动机构（12）包括电机及与之配套的减速机，该减速机的输出轴安装所述无齿圆刀（4）。
  17. 一种应用权利要求3所述的切割装置的塑料挤出型材的切割机，包括机架（8）、切割装置、夹紧定位机构（10），其特征在于：所述切割机还包括随动机架（9），随动机架（9）安装在机架（8）的导轨上并能在安装在机架（8）和随动机架（9）之间的随动气缸（15）的作用下沿导轨做往复运动，切割装置安装在随动机架（9）上，夹紧定位机构（10）安装在随动机架（9）上可用于对型材的夹紧定位，所述切割装置包括刀具和润滑机构（12），刀具为无齿圆刀（4），润滑机构（12）上的润滑剂喷口指向无齿圆刀（4）。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的塑料挤出型材的切割机，其特征在于：所述切割装置包括支架（5）、刀座（3）、无齿圆刀（4）、进给机构、驱动机构（11），安装在刀座（3）上的驱动机构（11）有一个输出轴安装无齿圆刀（4）并能使无齿圆刀（4）绕该输出轴旋转，进给机构安装在支架（5）与刀座（3）之间，刀座（3）可在进给机构的作用下沿支架（5）做进给和复位运动，润滑机构（12）设置在刀座3上，夹紧定位机构（10）有两个，分别分布在无齿圆刀（4）的两侧且相距比较远的距离。
PCT/CN2010/077617 2009-10-10 2010-10-09 塑料挤出型材的切割方法、切割装置及切割机 WO2011041988A1 (zh)

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