CN101641550B - 基于发光二极管（led）的照明系统 - Google Patents

基于发光二极管（led）的照明系统 Download PDF

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CN101641550B
CN101641550B CN2008800071809A CN200880007180A CN101641550B CN 101641550 B CN101641550 B CN 101641550B CN 2008800071809 A CN2008800071809 A CN 2008800071809A CN 200880007180 A CN200880007180 A CN 200880007180A CN 101641550 B CN101641550 B CN 101641550B
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李依群
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    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Abstract

本发明揭示一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个激发源(5)，其优选地为LED且可操作以产生并辐射第一波长(λ1)的激发辐射；罩(4)，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个源(5)且远离所述至少一个源(5)设置；及至少一种磷光体(16)，其被提供在所述罩(4)的至少一部分中或至少一部分上，其中所述磷光体(16)响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射。所述磷光体可被提供在所述罩的外表面或内表面的一部分上。替代地或另外，所述磷光体被并入在所述罩内。所述照明系统存在作为悬挂式、桌式、落地式、壁装式、聚光式、室外或强光式照明器材的特定应用。

Description

基于发光二极管(LED)的照明系统
技术领域
本发明涉及基于发光二极管的照明系统且明确地说涉及其中利用磷光体(光致发光)材料来产生所需色彩的光的系统。
背景技术
例如半导体发光二极管(LED)的固态半导体装置的引进已允许产生新一代的发光系统。当今，利用LED的照明器材设计局限于其中LED(或LED阵列)替换例如白炽灯泡及萤光灯的常规光源的系统。对于常规光源，已知使用灯罩或光罩来防止对光源的直视且其适用于美学考虑。通常所述罩由半透明材料(例如，卡板纸、编织材料或塑料材料)或者由玻璃制成。此外，所述罩可由彩色材料制成并充当滤光器以将所需的色彩赋予给由所述罩透射的光。
为产生选定色彩的发射光，LED通常并入有磷光体层，所述磷光体层响应于来自所述LED的激发辐射(光)而发射的光与来自所述LED的光组合以产生所述选定色彩的发射光。在此类照明系统中，通常并入有另外的元件，例如光反射板、光漫射组件及滤色片。
通常磷光体在LED的制作期间被并入在LED芯片封装中且与所述LED芯片的发光表面极为接近或与其接触。通常，将磷光体层直接涂覆到LED上以实现所需强度及色彩的产生的光。如在我们的序列号为11/640,533的共同待决的美国专利申请案(其以引用的方式并入本文中)中所揭示，还可将磷光体提供在光学组件的表面上或整体地并入到所述组件(为便于LED封装的制作通常为透镜)中。本发明致力于提供一种经改进的照明系统，其完全基于固态组件，但其通过在产生的光输出中提供较大的灵活性而加以增强。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个激发源，其可操作以产生并辐射第一波长的激发辐射；罩，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个源且远离所述至少一个源设置；及至少一种磷光体，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射。本发明的特定优点在于磷光体的使用，与过滤(选择性地阻断)选定色彩的透射光的已知的照明系统相比，所述磷光体针对给定的LED输入功率级在亮度上增强效率。
在本发明的上下文中，所述罩远离所述激发源设置且经配置使得激发能量在自由空间中(也就是说，其不由光学介质导引)从所述激发源向所述罩行进、传播至少一厘米的距离。
所述至少一种磷光体可被提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上。另一选择是或另外，所述至少一种磷光体可被提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上。在另一实施例中，所述至少一种磷光体被并入在所述罩的至少一部分内。将所述磷光体作为所述罩的整体部分并入减轻其中所述罩是由塑料材料制作而成的制作。
在另一实施方案中，所述磷光体可被并入在挠性薄片材料中，接着可将所述薄片材料施加到所述罩的插入内侧上。
所述照明系统可进一步包括提供第一及第二磷光体。此布置使不用色彩的光被产生用于穿过所述罩的辐射及从所述罩中的开口通过的辐射。所述第一及第二磷光体可包括相应的层或作为混合物被提供在至少一个层中或作为混合物被并入在所述罩内。
所述激发源优选地包括一发光二极管或多个发光二极管。优选地，所述一个/一个以上LED可操作以发射波长在范围300nm到500nm(其为U.V.到蓝色光)中的辐射。
在另一布置中，所述照明系统进一步包括经配置以朝向所述至少一种磷光体反射激发辐射的发射器。反射器增加输出光的强度且在利用U.V.辐射源的系统的情况中提供对人类眼睛的损害的防护。为使由所述激发源产生的热散逸，所述照明系统进一步包括与所述激发源热连通的散热构件。在一个布置中，将所述散热构件制作为照明器材的一部分。
本发明存在作为悬挂式(悬垂式)、桌式、墙壁可安装、天花板安装式、聚光式、室外及强光式照明器材的特定应用。当所述照明器材包括室外照明器材(通常为装设照明器材或灯具)时，所述系统进一步包括用以对环境光的存在进行检测的光感测构件及用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时自动接通所述照明系统的电路构件。此照明布置还存在用于紧急照明的应用。此外，所述照明系统进一步包括用于产生电能以操作所述激发源且给一个或一个以上电池充电以给所述灯具供电的太阳能发电构件。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种用于包括至少一个激发源的类型的照明系统的罩，所述至少一个激发源可操作以产生并辐射第一波长的激发辐射；所述罩经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个源且远离所述至少一个源设置，其中至少一种磷光体被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中。与根据本发明第一方面的照明系统一样，所述罩远离所述激发源设置且经配置使得激发能量在自由空间中(也就是说，其不由光学介质导引)从所述激发源向所述罩行进(辐射)、传播至少一厘米的距离。
所述至少一种磷光体可被提供在所述罩的内表面或外表面的至少一部分上或并入在所述罩的至少一部分内。此外，所述罩可进一步包括位于所述罩的内及/或外表面的至少一部分上或者并入在所述罩内的第一及第二磷光体。所述第一及第二磷光体可包括相应的层或者可作为混合物被提供在至少一个层中。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个发光二极管，其可操作以产生并辐射波长350nm到500nm的激发辐射；罩，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个发光二极管且远离所述至少一个发光二极管设置；至少一种磷光体，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射；及太阳能发电构件(通常为太阳能电池)，其用于产生电能以操作所述发光二极管。所述罩经配置使得激发能量在自由空间中(也就是说，其不由光学介质导引)从所述激发源向所述罩行进、传播至少一厘米的距离。
在一个布置中，所述照明系统进一步包括用以对环境光的存在进行检测的光感测构件(举例来说，光电二极管)及用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时自动接通所述照明系统的电路构件。此外，所述照明系统进一步包括用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时给所述照明系统供电的可再充电电源，所述电路构件进一步可操作以从所述太阳能发电构件给所述可再充电电源再充电。
与根据本发明第一方面的照明系统一样，所述至少一种磷光体可被提供在所述罩的内外表面或外表面的至少一部分上或并入在所述罩的至少一部分内。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个发光二极管，其可操作以产生并辐射波长350nm到500nm的激发辐射；罩，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个发光二极管且远离所述至少一个发光二极管设置；至少一种磷光体，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射；及电力驱动器电路，其用于转换干线电力以操作所述发光二极管。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个发光二极管，其可操作以产生并辐射波长350nm到500nm的激发辐射；罩，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个发光二极管且远离所述至少一个发光二极管设置；至少一种磷光体，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射；及散热构件，其与所述至少一个发光二极管热连通。
附图说明
为更好地理解本发明，现在将参照附图仅以实例方式描述本发明的实施例，图式中：
图1是根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括室外照明器材；
图2a到2c是供在图1的照明器材中使用的光学壳体布置罩的示意性表示；
图3是根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括悬挂式或悬垂式照明器材；
图4是根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括壁式或烛台式照明器材；且
图5是根据本发明的照明系统的局部横截面透视表示，所述照明系统包括壁式或舱壁照明器材。
具体实施方式
参照图1，其显示根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括室外照明器材或太阳能供电装饰灯具(garden lantern)1。灯具1在形式上通常为圆柱形且包括圆形基底2、圆形顶部3、安置于所述基底与顶部之间的半透明中空圆柱形罩4及安装于由罩4结合基底2及顶部3界定的容积内的辐射源5。销钉6紧固到基底2的底侧上，从而使灯具1能够通过将销钉6插入到地面7中而被装设。在所图解说明的实施例中，销钉6通过螺柱8以可移除方式紧固到基底2，从而使灯具1能够紧固到固定架(例如墙壁托架等)而非销钉。
在顶部3的外表面中，提供了太阳能电池、光电伏打电池9以用于由入射的环境光10操作所述灯具。装纳在顶部3内的是用于操作灯具1的控制/驱动电路11及用于在低环境光级时给所述灯具供电的可再充电电池12。环境光传感器(未显示)提供在太阳能电池9内且经配置以检测入射的环境光10何时降到低于预定阈值，在所述预定阈值点处电路11启动所述灯具。电路11经配置以在环境光高于阈值级时从太阳能电池9给电池12再充电。
相应反射器13、14提供在基底2及顶部3的上及下表面上以增加由所述灯具产生的光15的亮度。在罩4的内弯曲表面上提供有一层磷光体16。已知磷光体是光致发光材料，其在经受选定波长或选定范围的波长的激发辐射时产生辐射(通常为光)。在所图解说明的实施例中，激发辐射源5包括发光二极管(LED)或LED阵列，其可操作以产生波长λ1在范围300到350nm(紫外线)中或大于350nm(通常在范围420nm到470nm(蓝色)中)的激发辐射。可使用任何恰当的磷光体，举例来说，正硅酸盐、硅酸盐及铝酸盐材料。优选地，使用LED 5，其发射蓝色光而非U.V.以减小对使用者的眼睛的损害及由塑料材料方便地制成的罩材料的降级的任何可能性。
在本发明的上下文中，罩被定义为光学壳体，其至少部分地包封光源且远离所述光源设置且可以是大致透明、半透明或不透明的。辐射源5远离罩4的表面设置(明确地说远离磷光体设置)以便辐射由所述源发射的激发能量，也就是说，所述激发能量在自由空间中(也就是说，其不由光学介质导引)从所述激发源到所述罩(磷光体)传播至少一厘米的距离。当需要所述灯具产生白色光15时，提供黄色(650nm)发射磷光体16。通常包括精细粉末的磷光体可通过喷涂或其它沉积技术涂覆在所述罩上作为环氧树脂或硅酮或其它粘合剂材料的一部分。磷光体层16的厚度及磷光体粉末在所述粘合剂内的浓度确定由所述灯具发射的光的色彩。在替代布置中，磷光体可并入到聚合物材料或硅酮中且制作为挠性薄片，接着将所述薄片插入所述罩的内侧。应了解，由所述灯具发射的光15的色彩可由对磷光体组合物的恰当选择控制。
参照图2a到2c，其显示供在图1的灯具中使用的替代罩布置4的示意性表示。所图解说明的罩布置中的每一者在形式上为中空圆柱形，但应了解其可采取例如多边形及多面形式的任一形式。图2a显示其中磷光体16作为一层被提供在罩4的内弯曲表面上的罩。所述罩可由任一半透明或透明材料(例如玻璃或塑料材料)制作而成。图2b显示其中将磷光体16提供在罩4的外弯曲表面上的罩。有利地，所述罩的内弯曲表面包含某一形式的表面形貌，例如纵向脊/槽17或所述表面的粗糙化，以帮助将来自LED的光耦合到所述罩中以借此最大化来自所述灯具的光输出。此外，此表面形貌可替代地或另外地施加到所述罩的外表面而无论磷光体提供在何处。图2c图解说明其中在罩的制作期间将磷光体整体地并入在(散布于整个)罩材料中的罩4。通常呈此布置的罩包括塑料材料。
参照图3，其显示根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括悬挂式或悬垂式照明器材18。在本说明书通篇中，相同的参考编号用于表示相似的部件。
悬挂式器材18由电缆19悬吊，电缆19由螺纹安装件20紧固到罩4。安装件20可包含电缆夹(未显示)以用于维持电缆19与安装件20之间的固定关系。在所图解说明的实施例中，磷光体16提供在罩4的内表面上，罩4由半透明材料制成。如所图解说明，LED 5可直接连接到电缆19或者连接器布置可提供为所述安装件的一部分。抛物面反射器21提供在如图3中的21a及21b所指示的替代布置中的一者中，其中后者的反射器由虚线指示。在所述第一布置中，反射器21a提供在LED 5下面且经布置以朝向罩4反射来自所述LED的发射出的辐射且借此防止来自所述LED的辐射的直接发射。此布置对于确保来自所述照明器材的发射出的辐射22的均匀色彩是特别有利的。此外，当使用U.V.发射LED时，所述反射器进一步防止对使用者的眼睛的损害并消除对跨越所述罩的开口端的U.V.滤光器的需要。在所述第二布置中，反射器21b提供在LED 5上面且经布置以反射来自所述照明器材的开口端的辐射。
在打算产生沿向下方向的白色光22及来自罩15的不同的彩色光的一个实施例中，将蓝色LED与黄色磷光体及反射器布置21b一起使用。由LED 5产生的沿向下方向辐射的蓝色光与由磷光体16产生的黄色光组合产生发射出的辐射22，所述辐射在眼睛看来颜色为白色。另外，透射穿过罩15的光将在颜色上看似为黄色而非白色光22。由所述罩发射的光的准确色彩将取决于磷光体层16的厚度及密度。此外，应了解，由所述罩产生的光的色彩可通过提供一种或一种以上不同色彩的磷光体(例如，绿色、橙色或红色磷光体)来加以修整。
在替代布置中，当打算产生大致单一色彩的光15、22时，将U.V./蓝色LED与黄色磷光体及反射器布置21a一起使用。由LED 5产生的沿向下方向辐射的U.V./蓝色光被反射回向所述磷光体而非由照明布置直接发射。反射光激发磷光体发射彩色光22、15，所述彩色光从所述照明布置被发射。
参照图4，其显示根据本发明的照明系统的示意性横截面表示，所述照明系统包括壁式或烛台式照明器材23。照明器材23包括罩4安装到的托架或烛台24。在所图解说明的实施例中，所述器材被配置为向上照明布置，但其它变体(例如向下照明或背面照明)可通过罩4的恰当配置容易地实施。如关于图3的实施例所描述，所述照明布置可经配置以发射与透射穿过所述罩及从所述罩的开口发射的光不同的彩色光。所述照明器材可包含适合的电力驱动器电路以使所述器材能够由干线电力供应操作。
参照图5，其显示根据本发明的照明系统的局部横截面透视表示，所述照明系统包含壁装式或天花板安装式的照明器材或舱壁灯25。所述器材包括圆形外壳26及环形的可拆卸前板27。外壳26在其内前面上包含凹部28，所述凹部经配置以用于接纳在所图解说明的实施例中包括圆形板的罩4。前板27通过螺丝器材29紧固到外壳26且外壳26有利地包含反射内表面(未显示)以用于朝向罩4反射光。外壳26可由不透明材料(例如金属或塑料材料)制成以确保仅从罩4发射光15。在替代布置中，所述外壳由包含不同的磷光体材料的半透明/透明材料制成使得照明器材25围绕其外围发射不同的彩色光。
所属领域的技术人员将易于明了，可在不背离本发明的范围的情况下对所揭示的照明布置做出修改。举例来说，尽管已描述了呈装饰灯具、悬垂式照明系统及壁式照明系统的形式的实例性实施方案，但本发明可容易地应用于其它照明系统，例如：桌式、天花板式、嵌入式、落地式、聚光式、强光式及向上式照明器材。
此外，应了解，所述照明器材中的任一者可由太阳能电池、电池或从干线供电。在后者的情况中，照明器材有利地进一步包含电力转换器(例如固态切换模式电源)，以将干线电力从110-220伏转换到3.3伏20mA以用于驱动LED。另外，照明系统有利地进一步并入有散热片(例如)作为所述器材的一部分，其与LED热连通以提供对所述LED的冷却。此外，所属领域的技术人员应了解，可将罩制成任一形式以满足所需的应用，举例来说：封闭形式，例如球形，(例如)以大致包封激发源；多边形形式或多面形式。

Claims (24)

1.一种照明系统(1、18、23、25)，其包括：至少一个激发源(5)，其可操作以产生并辐射第一波长(λ1)的激发辐射；罩(4)，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个源(5)且远离所述至少一个源(5)设置；及至少一种磷光体(16)，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体(16)响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射，其中来自所述激发源(5)和所述磷光体(16)的组合的辐射经配置以在眼睛看来颜色为白色，其中所述激发源(5)可操作以发射波长在范围420nm到470nm中的辐射，且其中所述罩经配置使得来自所述激发源的所述激发辐射在自由空间中从所述激发源向所述罩传播至少一厘米的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其中所述至少一种磷光体(16)选自包括以下形式的群组：被提供在所述罩(4)的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩(4)的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)的至少一部分内及其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其进一步包括选自包括以下形式的群组的第一及第二磷光体：被提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；将所述第一磷光体提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上且将所述第二磷光体提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)的至少一部分内及其组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的照明系统，其中所述第一及第二磷光体包括相应的层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的照明系统，其中所述第一及第二磷光体作为混合物被提供在至少一个层中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其进一步包括经配置以朝向所述至少一种磷光体反射激发辐射的反射器(21a)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其中所述激发源(5)包括发光二极管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其进一步包括与所述激发源热连通的散热构件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其中所述系统是由包括以下各项的群组配置的：悬挂式(18)、桌式、落地式、壁装式(25)、天花板安装式、聚光式、室外(1)及强光式照明器材。
10.根据权利要求1所述的照明系统，其进一步包括用以对环境光的存在进行检测的光感测构件及用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时自动接通所述照明系统的电路构件(11)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的照明系统，其进一步包括用于产生电能以操作所述激发源的太阳能发电构件(9)。
12.一种用于包括至少一个激发源(5)的类型的照明系统(1、18、23、25)的罩(4)，所述至少一个激发源(5)可操作以产生并辐射第一波长(λ1)的激发辐射；所述罩(4)经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个源(5)且远离所述至少一个源(5)设置，且其中至少一种磷光体(16)被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中来自所述激发源(5)和所述磷光体(16)的组合的辐射经配置以在眼睛看来颜色为白色，其中所述激发源(5)可操作以发射波长在范围420nm到470nm中的辐射，且其中所述罩经配置使得来自所述激发源的所述激发辐射在自由空间中从所述激发源向所述罩传播至少一厘米的距离。
13.根据权利要求12所述的罩，其中所述至少一种磷光体(16)选自包括以下形式的群组：被提供在所述罩(4)的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩(4)的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)的至少一部分内；及其组合。
14.根据权利要求12所述的罩，其进一步包括选自包括以下形式的群组的第一及第二磷光体：被提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；将所述第一磷光体提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上且将所述第二磷光体提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)内；及其组合。
15.根据权利要求14所述的罩，其中所述第一及第二磷光体包括相应的层。
16.根据权利要求14所述的罩，其中所述第一及第二磷光体作为混合物被提供在至少一个层中。
17.一种照明系统(1)，其包括：至少一个发光二极管(5)，其可操作以产生并辐射波长350nm到500nm的激发辐射；罩(4)，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个发光二极管(5)且远离所述至少一个发光二极管(5)设置；至少一种磷光体(16)，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体(16)响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射；及太阳能发电构件(9)，其用于产生电能以操作所述发光二极管，且其中来自所述至少一个发光二极管(5)和所述磷光体(16)的组合的辐射经配置以在眼睛看来颜色为白色，且其中所述至少一个发光二极管(5)可操作以发射波长在范围420nm到470nm中的辐射，且其中所述罩经配置使得来自所述激发源的所述激发辐射在自由空间中从所述激发源向所述罩传播至少一厘米的距离。
18.根据权利要求17所述的照明系统，其进一步包括用以对环境光的存在进行检测的光感测构件及用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时自动接通所述照明系统的电路构件(11)。
19.根据权利要求18所述的照明系统，其进一步包括用于在所述环境光降到低于预定阈值时给所述照明系统供电的可再充电电源(23)，所述电路构件(11)进一步可操作以从所述太阳能发电构件给所述可再充电电源再充电。
20.根据权利要求17所述的照明系统，其中所述至少一种磷光体(16)选自包括以下形式的群组：被提供在所述罩(4)的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩(4)的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)的至少一部分内；及其组合。
21.根据权利要求17所述的照明系统，其进一步包括选自包括以下形式的群组的第一及第二磷光体：被提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上；被提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；将所述第一磷光体提供在所述罩的内表面的至少一部分上且将所述第二磷光体提供在所述罩的外表面的至少一部分上；被并入在所述罩(4)内；及其组合。
22.根据权利要求21所述的照明系统，其中所述第一及第二磷光体包括相应的层。
23.根据权利要求21所述的照明系统，其中所述第一及第二磷光体作为混合物被提供在至少一个层中。
24.一种照明系统，其包括：至少一个发光二极管(5)，其可操作以产生并辐射波长350nm到500nm的激发辐射；罩(4)，其经配置以至少部分地环绕所述至少一个发光二极管(5)且远离所述至少一个发光二极管(5)设置；至少一种磷光体(16)，其被提供在所述罩的至少一部分中，其中所述磷光体(16)响应于入射的激发辐射而发射不同波长的辐射；及散热构件，其与所述至少一个发光二极管热连通，且其中来自所述至少一个发光二极管(5)和所述磷光体(16)的组合的辐射经配置以在眼睛看来颜色为白色，且其中所述至少一个发光二极管(5)可操作以发射波长在范围420nm到470nm中的辐射，且其中所述罩经配置使得来自所述激发源的所述激发辐射在自由空间中从所述激发源向所述罩传播至少一厘米的距离。
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US20110188228A1 (en) 2011-08-04
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US20080218992A1 (en) 2008-09-11

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