CN101637064A - 功率因数校正控制数据由相位调制信号确定的照明系统 - Google Patents

功率因数校正控制数据由相位调制信号确定的照明系统 Download PDF

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CN101637064A
CN101637064A CN200880008121A CN200880008121A CN101637064A CN 101637064 A CN101637064 A CN 101637064A CN 200880008121 A CN200880008121 A CN 200880008121A CN 200880008121 A CN200880008121 A CN 200880008121A CN 101637064 A CN101637064 A CN 101637064A
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约翰·L·梅兰松
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    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
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Abstract

发光二极管(LED)照明系统含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，该控制器根据相位调制信号的相位延迟确定至少一个功率因数校正控制参数。在至少一个实施例中，相位调制信号的峰值电压用作PFC控制参数－PFC控制器将其用于控制功率因数校正及经由PFC LED驱动电路产生的连接电压。相位延迟与相位调制信号的峰值电压有关。因此，在至少一个实施例中，探测一个或多个相位调制信号周期中的相位延迟可以让PFC控制器测定相位调制信号的峰值电压。

Description

功率因数校正控制数据由相位调制信号确定的照明系统
对相关专利申请的交叉引用
(1)本专利申请要求依据35 U.S.C.§119(e)和37 C.F.R.§1.78享有2007年3月12日递交的名为“照明器材”的60/894,295号美国临时专利申请的权益。60/894,295号美国临时专利申请内包含示范性系统和方法，其通过引用被整体纳入本专利申请。
(2)本专利申请要求依据35 U.S.C.§119(e)和37 C.F.R.§1.78享有2007年4月1日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1666-CA-PROV、名为“发光二极管光源镇流器”的60/909,458号美国临时专利申请的权益。该专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。
(3)2008年3月12日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1666-CA、名为“发光二极管光源镇流器”的__号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。
(4)2007年3月3 1日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1667-CA的、名为“带稳定色温光源的可调光设备的色调变化”的11/926,864号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称Melanson I。
(5)2007年3月31日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson和John Paulos、代理人档案编号为1668-CA-PROV、名为“多功能占空比调节器”的60/909,457号美国临时专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称Melanson II。
(6)2008年3月12日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson和John Paulos、代理人档案编号为1668-CA、名为“多功能占空比调节器”的__号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称MelansonIII。
(7)2007年3月31日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson和John Paulos、代理人档案编号为1669-CA、名为“带照明调光器输出映射的照明系统”的11/695,024号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。
(8)2007年9月28日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1692-CA的、名为“带有整合响应、基于时间的系统控制器”的11/864,366号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称Melanson IV。
(9)2007年12月31日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1745-CA、名为“使用带非线性功率转换过程模型的非线性Δ∑调节器的功率控制系统”的11/967,269号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称Melanson V。
(10)2007年12月31日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1759-CA的、名为“可编程功率控制系统”的11/967,275号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。以下简称Melanson VI。
(11)2008年3月12日递交、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1784-CA、名为“调压光源功率控制系统”的____号美国专利申请描述了示范性方法和系统，在此通过引用将其整体纳入。
发明背景
发明领域
(12)一般地，本发明是关于电子学和照明领域，更具体地，是关于根据相位调制信号的相位延迟来确定功率因数校正控制参数的系统和方法。
相关技术说明
(13)商业上实用的白炽灯泡已经有一百多年的历史。但也有其它光源有望用作白炽灯泡的商业上可行的替代品。LED(发光二极管)作为主流光源而特别有吸引力，部分原因是其通过高效光输出而实现节能以及环境激励，如减少汞的使用。
(14)LED是半导体装置，通过直流电驱动。LED的光输出强度(即亮度)与通过LED的电流大致成正比。因而，增加LED的电流可以提高LED的亮度，降低电流则减弱亮度。电流可通过以下方式调节：直接将直流电平降至白色LED，或者通过占空比调节降低平均电流。
(15)在使用光源的环境中调暗光源不仅可以节能，还能让用户将光源亮度调至要求的水平。许多设施如住房和建筑物等，都安装有光源调节电路(以下简称“调光器”)。
(16)图1描述了照明系统100-其产生连接电压VLINK和驱动电流iOUT来照亮光源102。交流(AC)电压源101如发电站，可产生电源电压V电源，为照明系统100供电。电源电压V电源的特定频率和均方根值(RMS)通常为地方化，在美国标称为60Hz/120VAC，在欧洲和其它地方是50Hz/230VAC。照明系统100含有一个调光器104，用于产生原始相位调制信号VΦ_RAW。整流器105调整原始相位调制信号VΦ_RAW，形成整流的相位调制信号VΦ。例如，整流器105是一个全桥二极管整流器。每个周期的相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟都表示一个特定的调光水平。调光器104可以为任意产生相位调制信号的常规调光器，如Melanson I所述的基于三端双向可控硅(triac)的调光器。
(17)照明系统100还包括一个光源驱动电路106，用于接收相位调制信号VΦ。在至少一个实施例中，光源驱动电路106是带有内部PFC开关(未显示)的电源转换器，开关用于控制功率因数校正(PFC)和相位调制信号VΦ至连接电压VLINK的增压。光源驱动电路106将调节光源驱动电流iOUT，以响应相位调制信号VΦ表示的调光水平。光源驱动电路106通过“闭合”和“断开”光源驱动电流iOUT，来调节光源驱动电流iOUT，取得与相位调制信号VΦ表示的调光水平对应的光源驱动电流平均值iOUT。驱动电流iOUT将使光源102发光，可调节驱动电流iOUT改变光源102的亮度。这样，光源驱动电路106尝试调节驱动电流iOUT，使得光源102减弱到相位调制信号VΦ表示的水平上。
(18)对基于LED的光源102，连接电压VLINK可以在400V或以上。为了调暗光源102，光源驱动电路106将降低控制信号CS的占空比，从而，降低驱动电流iOUT。灯光减弱后，光源102的功率需量便减少。当光源102的功率需量减少时，光源驱动电路106将降低内部开关(未显示)的占空比，此开关控制相位调制信号电压VΦ至连接电压VLINK的增压。不管功率需量是否减少，光源驱动电路106将保持连接电压VLINK在一个大致不变的水平上。尽管减弱光源102的功率需量较低，随着光源驱动电路106继续增压连接电压VLINK至光源102全功率需量使用的电压，106的整流效果稳步降低。例如，当光源驱动电路106的内部PFC开的占空比小于50％时，效率损耗就变得更加突出。
(19)当调暗光源102时，其功率需量的减少实际上可能增加光源驱动电路106的功率需量。光源驱动电路106将尝试提供单位功率因数校正，而使光源驱动电路106对交流电压源101产生阻力。因此，检查接线端A和B。理论上，光源驱动电路106具有可为交流电压源101感知的有效电阻REFF_0。有效电阻REFF_0等于VΦ/iIN。其中，VΦ为相位调制信号，iIN为光源驱动电路106的输入电流。随着光源102的功率需量因调暗而降低，电流iIN实际上不降反增，从而，降低有效电阻REFF_0并从交流电压源101获得更多功率。当调暗光源102时，降低光源驱动电路106的有效电阻REFF_0即表示对功率的低效使用。(20)图2A描述了一系列电压波形200，这些波形代表照明系统100中两个各自存在的波形周期。两个典型的周期202和204说明电源电压V电源是正弦波形。调光器104将电源电压V电源周期分成各半，使周期206的每一半产生相同的前沿相位延迟α1，从而产生原始的相位调制信号VΦ。原始相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟随着调光水平的降低而增加，即光源102的亮度降低。对应于调光水平的降低，半周期208显示较长的相位延迟α2。前沿相位延迟αX表示半周期开始与相位调制电源电压VΦ前沿之间耗时，其中X是给定值。相位调制信号VΦ的整流周期210和212具有与原始相位调制信号VΦ_RAW各自相同的相位延迟α1和α2。
(21)当为有效负载(如光源驱动电路106)提供原始相位调制信号VΦ_RAW时，常规调光器通常都表现不佳，如基于三端双向可控硅(triac)的调光器，其设计用于无效负载如白炽灯泡。例如，为有效负载提供信号时，调光器可能会错过在一些原始信号调制信号VΦ_RAW周期内产生相位延迟，并且在相位延迟期间可能产生波动。对用于有效负载时至少一种常规调光器的典型问题，可参见Rand等人所著的“LED灯三端双向可控硅调制相位调光的问题、模型和解决方案”，2007年6月，《2007年电力电子技术专家会议》第1398-1404页。该书由电气电子工程师学会出版，编号ISBN 978-1-4244-0655-5。
(22)图2B描述了美国加州桑尼维尔Supertex公司生产的LED驱动电路250。LED驱动电路250是光源驱动电路106的一种具体应用。LED驱动电路250在Supertex公司的Supertex设计笔记DN-H05中有更加详细的描述。LED驱动电路250包括两个额外电路——阻尼电路252和泄流电路254，用于提供与调光器如104的兼容性。根据DN-H05，阻尼电路252在P16上对驱动器输入滤波器电路进行阻尼充电。阻尼电路252提供电阻阻尼，防止由于交流线电压的突然升高而引起的交流线路输入电流振荡，如相位调制信号VΦ的边上。泄流电路254在P21为整流交流线提供标称的1欧姆负载，防止在相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟期间输入电容器C21-C23上的电压升高，否则会引起LED驱动电路250驱动的灯光闪烁。
(23)图2C描述了单位功率因数LED灯驱动器280，其是光源驱动电路106的一个实施例代表。LED灯驱动器280在Supertex公司的Supertex应用笔记AN-H52中的图9有更加详细的描述。LED灯驱动器280含有阻尼电路282，用于在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间对调光器104施加负载。阻尼电路282含有一个泄流电阻RBL，其在相位调制输入信号的相位延迟期间通过晶体管M2连接到灯驱动器280上。晶体管M2导电时，泄流电阻RBL在VIN时给交流线增加负载，衰减相位延迟期间的相位调制信号。增加一个额外晶体管M2和电阻RBL会增加灯驱动器280的系统成本。
(24)在调暗光源102时，光源驱动电路106表现为一种或多种低效情况。例如，光源102的功率需量降低时，连接电压大致保持不变。另外，光源102的功率需量降低时，光源驱动电路106的有效电阻REFF_0增加，从而，即便光源102的功率需量减少，其也将从交流电压源101获得更多功率。另外，对常规LED驱动电路增加电路会增加LED驱动电路的成本。
发明内容
(25)在本发明的一个实施例中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统包含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器。此控制器含有一个输入口，用于接收表示相位调制调光器信号相位延迟的信号。控制器还包括一个数字信号处理器，与输入口一起接收相位延迟信号，并根据相位延迟信号来确定PFC控制操作参数，以及使用确定的操作参数产生PFC开关控制信号。
(26)在本发明的另一实施例中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统的控制方法包括：接收表示相位调制调光器信号相位延迟的信号；使用数字信号处理器，根据相位延迟信号来确定PFC控制操作参数；以及使用确定的操作参数产生PFC开关控制信号。
(27)本发明的其它应用之一是，发光二极管(LED)照明系统包含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，用于接收表示调光水平的信号，产生PFC开关控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路能够响应以信号表示的调光水平，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC负载驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
(28)在本发明的另一实施中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统的控制方法包括：接收表示调光水平的信号并产生功率因数校正控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路能够对信号表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC负载驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
(29)在本发明的另一实施中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统包含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，用于产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；并在控制信号的占空比降低到0与阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
(30)在本发明的另一实施中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统的控制方法包括：产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；并在控制信号的占空比降低到0与阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
(31)在本发明的一个实施例中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统包含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，该控制器含有一个输入口，用于接收表示相位调制调光器信号相位延迟的信号。PFC控制器通过配置，可用于接收相位延迟信号，并在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号的脉冲。在相位延迟期间产生的PFC开关控制信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
(32)在本发明的另一实施中，发光二极管(LED)照明系统的控制方法包括：接收表示相位调整调光器信号相位延迟的信号，并产生在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间PFC开关控制信号的脉冲。在相位延迟期间产生的PFC开关控制信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
简要附图说明
(33)参考附图可以更好地理解本发明，还可以使熟悉该技术领域者明白本发明的各种目的、特征和优点。在这些附图中使用相同参考号代表相同或相似要素。
(34)图1(标示先前技术)描述了带有功率因数校正驱动电路和控制器的照明系统。
(35)图2A(标示先前技术)描述了图1照明系统中的各种波形。
(36)图2B(标示先前技术)描述了带有调光器开关兼容电路的LED驱动电路。
(37)图2C(标示先前技术)描述了带有调光器开关兼容电路的另一个LED驱动电路。
(38)图3描述了带有功率因数校正控制器的发光二极管照明系统，控制器根据相位调制信号产生一个或多个功率因数校正控制参数。
(39)图4和图5描述了具有各种前沿和后沿相位延迟的相位调制信号。
(40)图6描述了相位延迟探测器。
(41)图7描述了典型的相位调制信号和相关PFC开关控制信号波形。
(42)图8描述了PFC LED驱动电路的有效电阻模型。
(43)图9描述了相位调制信号与伴/不伴调光的电感器电流之间关系。
(44)图10描述了PFC开关控制信号占空比与连接电压之间关系。
(45)图11和图12描述了LED设备。
详细说明
(46)发光二极管(LED)照明系统含有一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，该控制器根据相位调制信号的相位延迟确定至少一个功率因数校正控制参数。在至少一个实施例中，相位调制信号的峰值电压用作PFC控制参数-PFC控制器将其用于控制功率因数校正及经由PFC LED驱动电路产生的连接电压。相位延迟与相位调制信号的峰值电压有关。因此，在至少一个实施例中，探测一个或多个相位调制信号周期中的相位延迟可以让PFC控制器测定相位调制信号的峰值电压。
(47)PFC LED驱动电路提供输出电流，以驱动LED设备的LED。随着调光水平降低，PFC控制器将降低PFC LED驱动电路中PFC开关的占空比，使得PFC LED驱动电路降低供给LED的输出电流。例如，当相位调制信号指示调光水平低于阈值时，PFC控制器保持PFC开关的占空比大致不变，以便在不明显牺牲功率因数校正的情况下保持开关效率。
(48)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器产生PFC开关控制信号，使PFCLED驱动电路对调光信号(如相位调制信号)表示的调光水平降低作出响应，而不需要在调光信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC LED驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。相位调制信号是调光信号的一个实施例。
(49)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；并在控制信号的占空比降低到0与阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
(50)在至少一个实施例中，当PFC开关控制信号的占空比低于预定阈值时，PFC控制器在每个相位调制信号周期中产生大致不变的PFC开关控制信号脉冲宽度。
(51)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号脉冲，其中，相位延迟期间产生的PFC开关控制信号脉冲比相位调制信号有效周期内的PFC开关控制信号具有明显大得多的脉冲周期。
(52)图3描述了带有PFC控制器302和PFC LED驱动电路304的照明系统300。PFC控制器302产生占空比调制PFC开关控制信号CS1，以控制开关306的导电率。开关306可以为任意开关，在至少一个实施例中，开关306为n-通道场效应晶体管(FET)。PFC LED驱动电路304为开关式电源转换器，将相位调制信号VΦ增压至通过保持电容器308上的连接电压VC1。在至少一个实施例中，连接电压VC1具有范围为200V-400V的峰值电压。开关306“断开”(即不导电)时，二极管310正偏，电感器312驱动通过二极管310的电感器电流iL1。通过二极管310的电感器电流iL1给电容器308充电，保持大致不变的连接电压VC1。开关306“闭合”(即导电)时，通过电感器312的电压转向，二极管310为反偏，电感器312利用电流iL1通电。PFC控制器302控制PFC开关控制信号CS1和开关306的占空比，因而，电流iL1与相位调制信号VΦ成比例。电容器314提供稳定驱动电流iL1的过滤，因此，平均驱动电流iL1与相位调制信号VΦ为同相正弦关系。
(53)PFC控制器302含有一个数字信号处理器316，用于进行各种操作，包括测定PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度和占空比。例如，数字信号处理器316为数字信号处理器。在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302利用MelansonV和Melanson VI中发现的算法来测定PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度和占空比。
(54)在至少一个实施例中，PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度T1是由数字信号处理器316通过方程式[1]表示的控制信号状态算法来测定：
T 1 2 = 2 · L V Φ pk 2 · P · TT · ( 1 - V Φ V C 1 ) - - - [ 1 ] .
“T1”为PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度。“L”表示电感器312的电感值。“VΦ_pk”为无相位延迟的相位调制信号VΦ的峰值电压。“P”表示与LED设备322功率需量相关的功率需量变量。在至少一个实施例中，P为Melanson V和Melanson VI所规定的比例积分输出值。在至少一个实施例中，“TT”为PFC开关控制信号CS1的周期，也是按照Melanson V和Melanson VI的规定来测定。“VΦ”为相位调制信号VΦ的抽样值。“VC1”为连接电压VC1的抽样值。
(55)在至少一个实施例中，方程式[1]的所有PFC控制参数均为已知，可以直接可靠地测定，或者根据除VΦ_pk之外的反馈信号VΦ’和VC1′来可靠地测定。因为相位调制信号VΦ包括在调暗LED设备322的LED时的相位延迟，所以不能直接测量相位调制信号VΦ的峰值电压VΦ_pk。但是，按照图4和图5所述，相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟可以被数字信号处理器316用来估算VΦ_pk。
(56)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302还根据Melanson IV规定的示范性系统和方法控制输出电流iOUT。
(57)图4和图5描述了具有各种前沿和后沿相位延迟的相位调制信号VΦ的周期。波形400表示峰值电压为VΦ_pk的两个周期402和404。周期402包括两个相位延迟α0和α1，周期404则包括两个相位延迟α2和α3。可以直接从周期402上测量峰值电压VΦ_pk，因为相位延迟α0和α1均小于T/4，其中，T为相位调制信号VΦ的周期。但由于相位延迟α2和α3大于T/4，因此，不能直接从周期404上测量峰值电压VΦ_pk。虽然在至少一个实施例中，可以直接从周期402上测量峰值电压VΦ_pk，但数字信号处理器316将测定所有相位调制信号VΦ周期的相位电压VΦ_pk。在至少一个实施例中，数字信号处理器316定期或者间断性地测定峰值电压VΦ_pk。在至少一个实施例中，数字信号处理器316从每个可以测量的周期上测量各峰值电压VΦ_pk。
(58)参考图3，4和5，相位延迟探测器318接收相位调制信号VΦ，且在至少一个实施例中测定每个相位调制信号VΦ周期中的各相位延迟αX和βX的数值，其中，X为给定值。为根据相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟来测定峰值电压VΦ_pk，相位延迟探测器318将检测每个相位调制信号VΦ周期的相位延迟情况。在至少一个实施例中，对在相位调制信号VΦ中检测到的每个相位延迟，相位延迟探测器318都会产生一个相位延迟信号数值Φ。每个相位延迟信号数值Φ表示一个相位延迟，而每个相位延迟表示一个调光水平。例如，50Hz相位调制信号VΦ周期为1/50或0.02秒。25％的调光水平以(0.5·0.02)·0.25秒的相位延迟表示。其中，(0.5·0.02)表示相位调制信号VΦ各半个周期的持续时间，0.25表示调光水平。因此，每个相位延迟信号Φ也可以称作一个调光器信号。(59)数字信号处理器316根据相位延迟信号Φ来测定峰值电压VΦ_pk。相位调制信号VΦ的各半个周期为180度。根据方程式[2]，每个相位延迟(phasedelay)可以转化为一个等量相角(phase angle)：
Figure G2008800081213D00111
其中，T是相位调制信号VΦ的周期。
(60)在至少一个实施例中，数字信号处理器316根据方程式[3]来测定峰值电压VΦ_pk：
VΦ_pk＝abs{VAx/[sin(相角)]}        [3]，
其中，“abs”表示括号内数量的绝对值函数，VAx表示与相位延迟相关的前沿或后沿的峰值电压，“x”为给定值。
(61)例如，如果相位调制信号VΦ为50Hz的信号且α0＝α1，那么，根据方程式[2]和[3]，周期402前半个周期的峰值电压VΦ_pk等于abs{VA0/[sin((2·α0)/0.02)·180)]。如果α2＝α3，根据方程式[2]和[3]，周期402后半个周期的峰值电压VΦ_pk等于abs{VA1/[sin((2·α2)/0.02)·180)]。
(62)例如，在至少一个实施例中，相位延迟α0和α1按照Melanson II和Melanson III的规定独立产生。当周期中的相位延迟为独立产生时，则各独立产生的相位延迟上的峰值电压VΦ_pk可被更新。
(63)图5描述了前沿相位延迟α0和后沿相位延迟β0。在至少一个实施例中，数字信号处理器316根据方程式[2]和[3]，测定独立产生的前沿和后沿相位延迟的峰值电压VΦ_pk。在至少一个实施例中，当检测独立产生的前沿和后沿相位延迟时，数字信号处理器316接收原始相位调制信号VΦ_RAW，通过探测各半个周期的极性来测定其开始和结束时间。
(64)图6描述了基于时间的相位延迟探测器600-相位延迟探测器318的一个实施例代表。比较器602用于比较相位调制信号VΦ和已知参考值Vref。参考值Vref一般为相位调制信号VΦ的周期交叉点电压，如建筑物交流电的中性势。在至少一个实施例中，参考值Vref为刚好超过中性势任意预计电压波动的电压值。计数器604计算时钟信号周期数fclk，直到比较器602显示已经达到相位调制信号VΦ的边沿为止。由于相位调制信号VΦ的频率和时钟信号频率fclk已知，因此，可以根据比较器602显示已经达到相位调制信号VΦ的边沿为止发生的时钟信号周期数fclk，以测定相位延迟信号Φ表示的相位延迟。因而，相位延迟探测器600是基于时间的相位延迟探测器-使用基于时间的程序来探测相位延迟信号Φ表示的相位延迟。
(65)图7描述了典型的波形700，其代表相位调制信号VΦ的一个周期702和PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲波形。在至少一个实施例中，在相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟期间，PFC控制器302继续让PFC开关306跳动，即闭合和断开PFC开关306，以增加PFC LED驱动电路304的有效电阻REFF_1，无需增加外部零件，也不会造成额外的效率损耗。
(66)相位调制信号VΦ周期702的相位延迟α2表示LED的调光水平。增加相位延迟表示增加调光水平，并降低PFC LED驱动电路的功率需量。参照图3和图7，相位调制信号VΦ的半周期704和706分别包括具有有效时间周期TA的活动区(未切)(简称为“有效周期TA”)。有效周期TA加上相位延迟α2等于周期702的半个周期T/2。参照图1，常规PFC驱动电路和控制器如光源驱动电路106，在相位延迟α2期间将切断输出电流iOUT。图1中的相位调制信号VΦ在相位延迟α2期间通常发生波动，可能会引发问题，如难以探测相位调制信号VΦ的边沿。
(67)参照图3和图7，在至少一个实施例中，在相位延迟α2期间，PFC控制器302产生脉冲712，降低PFC开关控制信号CS1的有效电阻REFF_1，并衰减相位延迟α2期间相位调制信号VΦ的波动。通过衰减相位延迟α2期间相位调制信号VΦ的波动，相位调制信号VΦ在周期702所示的相位延迟α2期间大约为0V。衰减波动促使相位延迟探测器318可以更准确地探测边沿。而更准确的边沿探测使得可以更准确地测定相位调制信号VΦ表示的调光水平和峰值电压VΦ_pk。相位延迟α2期间PFC开关控制信号CS1的周期和占空比不是按比例显示。在至少一个实施例中，PFC开关控制信号CS1的周期和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号VΦ的波动。在至少一个实施例中，相位延迟α2期间PFC开关控制信号CS1的周期为0.0001-0.0002秒，等于范围为10kHz-20kHz的开关频率。在相位延迟期间，对调光器如调光器104(图1)保持负载，可以提高调光器性能，从而不需要额外增加LED灯驱动器280的阻尼电路282(图2)。
(68)一般来说，在相位调制信号VΦ的有效周期TA期间，PFC控制器302根据方程式[1]来测定PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度。但是，随着相位延迟α2的增加，PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比随之降低。在至少一个实施例中，一旦PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比低于占空比阈值，方程式[1]的[1-(VΦ/VC1)]项变为1左右。相应地，在至少一个实施例中，一旦PFC控制器302的占空比低于占空比阈值，便会产生PFC开关控制信号为CS1的脉冲714，其中，脉冲宽度和占空比保持不变。在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302产生频率在25kHz-150kHz之间的脉冲714，避免低频端的音频以及高频端的开关失效。另外，在照明应用中，避免使用与商业电子设备如红外线遥控器相关的频率。在至少一个实施例中，特定占空比阈值是设计选择上的问题，例如，当方程式[1]的[1-(VΦ/VC1)]项变为1左右时，其被选为占空比，从而，降低占空比不会对照明系统300的性能产生不可接受之影响。在至少一个实施例中，占空比阈值为0.4。
(69)控制信号CS1的脉冲716表示脉冲714的时间延长窗口718，以说明脉冲714的不变脉冲宽度。脉冲714为示范性，不必按比例显示。窗口718的持续时间为TA/X，其中，X为系数，等于5/(PFC开关控制信号CS1的频率)。
(70)图8描述了PFC LED驱动电路304的有效电阻模型。从电压源来看，如交流电压源101(图1)，PFC LED驱动电路304包括有效电阻REFF_1。在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302产生PFC开关控制信号CS1，让PFC LED驱动电路304对相位延迟信号Φ表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC LED驱动电路304的电压源感知的有效电阻REFF_1。在调光水平增加时，防止PFC LED驱动电路304有效电阻REFF_1降低可以节能。
(71)在至少一个实施例中，数字信号处理器316通过监控方程式[1]中的功率需量变量P值来监控LED设备322的功率需量。例如，当调光增加引起LED设备322的功率需量降低时，功率需量P值将减少。通过依据方程式[1]来测定PFC开关控制信号CS1的脉冲宽度，数字信号处理器316降低脉冲宽度，从而，降低PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比。降低PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比可以防止有效电阻REFF_1随着调光水平的增加而增加。
(72)图9描述了相位调制信号VΦ与不带调光视图902和带调光视图904的电感器电流iL1之间的关系。参照图3和图9，PFC负载驱动电路304的有效电阻REFF_1等于VΦ/iL1。在视图902中，相位调制信号VΦ无相位延迟，说明没有调光。因为PFC负载驱动电路304进行功率因数校正，电感器电流iL1与相位调制信号VΦ同相且同轨。在视图904中，相位调制信号VΦ包括相位延迟α1和α2，说明有调光。如果电感器电流iL1不随着调光而降低，则虚线波形906和908表示电感器电流iL1的数值。实线波形910和912表示PFC控制器302控制的电感器电流iL1的实际值。因此，PFC负载驱动电路304的有效电阻REFF_1不随着调光水平的增加而降低，在至少一个实施例中，实际上是随着调光水平的增加而增加。
(73)图10描述了PFC开关控制信号CS1占空比和连接电压VC1之间的示范性图形关系1000。参照图3和图10，根据PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比，PFC负载驱动电路304将相位调制信号VΦ增压为不同连接电压VC1。例如，降低LED设备322的功率需量导致方程式[1]中功率需量P的减少。按照方程式[1]，PFC控制器302通过降低PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比，对LED设备322的功率需量减少作出响应。例如，LED设备322的功率需量减少是由于LED设备322的LED调光引起。在至少一个实施例中，将相位调制信号VΦ增压至较高的连接电压VC1_H会导致在大约400V的直流电压上增加120V的交流电。当PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比随LED设备322功率需量的减少而降低时，PFC负载驱动电路304如通过与开关306相关的开关损耗而失去功效。
(74)相应地，在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302产生占空比调制PFC开关控制信号CS1，以控制PFC LED驱动电路304的调节连接电压Vc1。当PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比降低到0与阈值DCTH之间的数值时，PFC控制器302将连接电压VC1从高连接电压值VC1_H降至低连接电压值VC1_L。占空比阈值DCTH的特定值是设计选择上的问题，例如，在提供适当的连接电压VC1以满足LED设备322的功率需量时，其被选为一个特定值，用于增加PFC负载驱动电路304的效率。在至少一个实施例中，占空比阈值DCTH设为0.5。在至少一个实施例中，对于电压峰值VΦ_pk为120V的相位调制信号VΦ，高连接电压VC1_H可以为大约200V-400V范围内的任意值，而低连接电压VC1_L为大约120V-175V范围内的值。
(75)从高连接电压VC1_H到低连接电压VC1_L的过渡段1002的坡度和形状是设计选择上的问题，例如，取决于高连接电压VC1_H和低连接电压VC1_L之间所需要的过渡段。在至少一个实施例中，坡度为90度，表示连接电压VC1的两种可能值VC1_H和VC1_L。在其它实施例中，坡度小于90度，表示高连接电压VC1_H和低连接电压VC1_L之间的多个连接电压值VC1。过渡段1002的形状可以为线性，也可以为非线性。
(76)图11和图12表示LED设备322的示范性应用。LED设备1100包括一个或多个LED 1102。LED 1102可以为任意类型的LED，包括白色、琥珀色、其它颜色或者任何LED颜色组合。另外，LED 1102可以配置为任何类型的物理排列，如直线型、圆形、螺旋状或任何其它物理排列。在至少一个实施例中，每个LED 1102为串联。电容器1104与LED 1102并联，提供保护LED1102免于交流信号的过滤作用。电感器1106稳定LED电流iOUT能量，在PFC开关306闭合时保持大致不变的电流iOUT。PFC开关306断开时，二极管1108保持电流持续。
(77)在开关LED系统1210中，电感器1212与LED 1102串联，以储能和过滤。电感器1212稳定LED电流iOUT能量，在PFC开关306闭合时保持大致不变的电流iOUT。PFC开关306断开时，二极管1214保持电流持续。尽管已经描述了LED设备322的两个特定实施例，但是LED设备322可以为任意LED、LED阵列或任意开关LED系统。
(78)因此，PFC控制器302可以根据相位调制信号VΦ的相位延迟确定至少一个功率因数校正控制参数。
(79)在至少一个实施例中，随着调光水平降低，PFC控制器302将降低PFCLED驱动电路304中PFC开关306的占空比，从而，使PFC LED驱动电路304降低供给LED的输出电流。例如，当相位调制信号VΦ指示调光水平低于阈值ΦTH时，PFC控制器302保持PFC开关306的占空比大致不变，以便在不明显牺牲功率因数校正的情况下保持开关效率。
(80)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302产生PFC开关控制信号CS2，使PFC LED驱动电路304对调光信号如相位调制信号VΦ表示的调光水平降低作出响应，而不需要降低PFC LED驱动电路304的有效电阻。
(81)在至少一个实施例中，PFC控制器302产生占空比调制PFC开关控制信号CS1，以控制PFC LED驱动电路304的调节连接电压VC1；并在PFC开关控制信号CS1的占空比降低到0与阈值DCTH之间的数值时，降低连接电压VC1。
(82)尽管已经对本发明作了详细描述，但应明白，在不偏离所附权利要求中定义的本发明之范围和精神情况下仍可以进行多种变化、替代和更改。

Claims (32)

1.发光二极管(LED)照明系统包括：
一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，包括：
一个接收相位延迟信号的输入口，用于接收表示相位调制调光器信号的相位延迟；和
一个数字信号处理器，与输入口一起接收相位延迟信号，并根据相位延迟信号来确定PFC控制操作参数，以及使用确定的操作参数产生PFC开关控制信号。
2.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统还包括：
一个基于时间的相位延迟探测器，用于探测相位调制信号的相位延迟情况，并以数字信号形式产生相位延迟信号。
3.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统，其中，数字信号处理器配置为利用控制信号状态算法来测定PFC开关控制信号的脉冲宽度。
4.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统，其中，操作参数为相位调制调光器信号的峰值电压。
5.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统，其中，相位延迟信号表示调光水平，PFC控制器还配置为产生PFC开关控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路对信号表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
6.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统，其中，PFC控制器还配置为产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；并在控制信号的占空比降低到0与阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
7.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统中，PFC控制器还配置为在PFC开关控制信号的占空比低于预定阈值时，在每个相位调制信号周期中产生大致不变的PFC开关控制信号脉冲宽度。
8.权利要求1所述的LED照明系统中，PFC控制器还配置为在相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号，其中，所产生信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
9.权利要求8所述的LED照明系统中，在相位延迟期间产生的PFC开关控制信号脉冲比相位调制信号有效周期内的PFC开关控制信号具有明显大得多的脉冲周期。
10.一种控制发光二极管(LED)照明系统的方法，其包括：
接收表示相位调制调光器信号相位延迟的相位延迟信号；
根据相位延迟信号，数字信号处理器将测定PFC控制操作参数；和
使用测定的操作参数产生PFC开关控制信号。
11.权利要求10所述的方法还包括：
使用一个基于时间的相位延迟探测器，探测相位调制信号的相位延迟；
和以数字信号形式产生相位延迟信号。
12.权利要求10所述的方法还包括：
利用控制信号状态算法来测定PFC开关控制信号的脉冲宽度。
13.权利要求10所述的方法，其中操作参数为相位调制调光器信号的峰值电压。
14.权利要求10所述的方法，其中，相位延迟信号表示调光水平，这个方法还包括：
产生功率因数校正控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路对信号表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC负载驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
15.权利要求10所述的方法还包括：
产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；且当控制信号的占空比降低到0与占空比阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
16.权利要求10所述的方法还包括：
当PFC开关控制信号的占空比低于预定阈值时，在每个相位调制信号周期中产生大致不变的PFC开关控制信号脉冲宽度。
17.权利要求10所述的方法还包括：
在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号，其中，所产生信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
18.权利要求17所述的方法，其中，在相位延迟期间产生的PFC开关控制信号脉冲比相位调制信号有效周期内的PFC开关控制信号具有明显大得多的脉冲周期。
19.发光二极管(LED)照明系统包括：
一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，用于接收表示调光水平的信号以及产生PFC开关控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路对信号表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC负载驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
20.权利要求19所述的方法，其中，PFC控制器还配置为在调光水平降低时，降低PFC开关控制信号的占空比，直到调光水平达到调光水平阈值为止；并且在调光水平低于调光水平阈值时，保持PFC开关控制信号的占空比大致不变。
21.权利要求19所述的照明系统，其中，PFC控制器还配置为在调光信号表示的调光水平降低时，增加PFC负载驱动电路的有效电阻。
22.一种控制发光二极管(LED)照明系统的方法，该方法包括：
接收表示调光水平的信号；和
产生功率因数校正控制信号，使PFC LED驱动电路对信号表示的调光水平作出响应，而不需要在信号表示的调光水平增加时，降低可为PFC负载驱动电路电压源感知的有效电阻。
23.权利要求19所述的方法还包括：
在调光水平降低时，降低PFC开关控制信号的占空比，直到调光水平降至调光水平阈值为止；和
在调光水平低于调光水平阈值时，保持PFC开关控制信号的占空比大致不变。
24.权利要求19所述的方法还包括：
在调光信号表示的调光水平降低时，增加PFC负载驱动电路的有效电阻。
25.发光二极管(LED )照明系统包括：
一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，用于产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；并在控制信号的占空比降低到0与阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
26.权利要求25所述的LED照明系统中，PFC LED驱动电路配置为根据电源电压操作，PFC控制器配置为将连接电压降至大约等于电源电压。
27.权利要求25所述的LED照明系统中，占空比阈值为0.25-0.5之间且包括0.5的一个数值。
28.一种控制发光二极管(LED)照明系统的方法，其包括：
产生占空比调制控制信号，以控制PFC LED驱动电路的调节连接电压；且
当控制信号的占空比降低到0与占空比阈值之间的数值时，降低连接电压。
29.权利要求28所述的方法，其中，PFC LED驱动电路配置为根据电源电压操作，该方法还包括：
将连接电压降至大约等于电源电压。
30.权利要求28所述的方法，其中，占空比阈值为0.25-0.5之间且包括0.5的一个数值。
31.发光二极管(LED)照明系统包括：一个功率因数校正(PFC)控制器，包括：
一个接收相位延迟信号的输入口，用于接收表示相位调制调光器信号的相位延迟；和
其中，PFC控制器配置为接收相位延迟信号以及在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号，其中，所产生信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
32.一种控制发光二极管(LED)照明系统的方法，该方法包括：
接收表示相位调制调光器信号相位延迟的相位延迟信号；
在相位调制信号的相位延迟期间产生PFC开关控制信号，其中，所产生信号的脉冲宽度和占空比足以衰减相位调制信号在相位延迟期间的波动。
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