CN101663918A - 带调光器输出映像功能的照明系统 - Google Patents

带调光器输出映像功能的照明系统 Download PDF

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CN101663918A
CN101663918A CN200880008260A CN200880008260A CN101663918A CN 101663918 A CN101663918 A CN 101663918A CN 200880008260 A CN200880008260 A CN 200880008260A CN 200880008260 A CN200880008260 A CN 200880008260A CN 101663918 A CN101663918 A CN 101663918A
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light source
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dimmer
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约翰·L·梅兰松
约翰·J·保罗斯
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/18Modifications for indicating state of switch
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10Controlling the intensity of the light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H05B45/14Controlling the intensity of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/687Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
    • H03K17/6871Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
    • H03K17/6872Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor using complementary field-effect transistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/74Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of diodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/04Dimming circuit for fluorescent lamps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S323/00Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
    • Y10S323/905Lamp dimmer structure

Abstract

一种采用预定照明输出函数将调光器的调光水平映射至光源控制信号的系统和方法。调光器产生调光器输出信号值。在任何特定时段,调光器输出信号值均表示多个调光水平之一。在至少一个实施例中,照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至与由调光器输出信号值表示的调光水平不同的调光值。照明输出函数将与实测光水平对应的调光器输出信号值转换为感知光水平。光源驱动器根据预定照明输出函数操作光源。本系统和方法可包括一个在将调光器输出信号值映射至新的调光水平之前,修正至少一组调光器输出信号值的滤光器。

Description

带调光器输出映像功能的照明系统
对相关专利申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求依据35U.S.C.§119(e)和37C.F.R.§1.78享有2007年3月12日递交的名为“照明器材”的60/894,295号美国临时专利申请的权益。60/894,295号美国临时专利申请内包括示范性系统和方法,其通过引用被完整地纳入本专利申请。
2007年3月31日递交的、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1666-CA-PROV的美国临时专利申请“发光二极管光源镇流器”对示范性方法和系统进行了说明,本专利申请通过引用完整地纳入该美国临时专利申请。
2007年3月31日递交的、发明人为John L.Melanson、代理人档案编号为1667-CA的美国专利申请“带稳定色温光源之可调发光装置的色变”对示范性方法和系统进行了说明,本专利申请通过引用完整地纳入该美国专利申请。
2007年3月31日递交的、发明人为John L.Melanson和John Paulos、代理人档案编号为1668-CA-PROV的美国临时专利申请“多功能占空比调节器”对示范性方法和系统进行了说明,本专利申请通过引用完整地纳入该美国临时专利申请。
发明领域
一般来说,本发明涉及电子领域,更具体地讲,本发明涉及用于将照明系统的调光器输出映射至预定照明输出函数的一种系统和方法。
背景技术
具有商业实用性的白炽灯已存在100多年。然而其它光源也有望成为商业上可行的白炽灯替代品。气体放电光源如荧光灯、水银灯、低压钠灯和高压钠灯以及电致发光光源如发光二极管(LED)是白炽灯的两类替代光源。LED正逐渐成为极具吸引力的主流光源,这在某种程度上是因为可借助高效光输出和环保因素如减少水银使用量而实现能源节约。
白炽灯利用电流通过真空室内的灯丝而发光。电流使灯丝发热,进而发光。通过灯丝的电流越大,灯丝产生的热量越多。对于透明的真空室,灯丝温度将确定光线的颜色。较低的温度会产生微黄色的灯光,而较高的温度则会产生更蓝、更白的灯光。
气体放电灯包括一个气体封闭舱。该封闭舱两端设有电极。充电后,这两个电极会在电极间产生电压差。充电电极会发热,从而使密封的气体离子化。离子化的气体会发光。荧光灯内包含可产生紫外光的水银蒸汽。荧光灯封闭舱内部有磷涂层,可将紫外光转换为可见光。
LED为半导体装置,由直流电驱动。LED的流明输出强度(即亮度)与流过LED的电流约成正比地变化。因此,增加供给LED的电流会增加LED的亮度,而减小供给LED的电流则会降低LED的亮度。调节电流的方法有两种:直接降低供给LED的直流电压,或通过脉冲宽度调制降低电流。
操作光源时调低光源亮度可节省电能,并可允许用户将光源调节至需要的强度。许多设施(如住宅和其它建筑)均配备有光源调节电路(下称“调光器”)。
图1A所示为采用常规调光器102的照明电路100,可根据可变电阻106的输入电流而调节白炽灯光源104。调光器102、光源104和电源108采用串联方式连接。电源108在线路电压为Vline时提供交流电。线路电压Vline随所在地区的不同而不同。线路电压Vline通常为110-120伏或220-240伏,频率通常为60或70赫兹。调光器102不是将光源104的能量导向电阻,而是在一秒钟内开关光源104许多次,以降低供给光源104的总能量。用户可选择可变电阻106的电阻值,从而调节电容110的充电时间。当可变电阻106被设置为0欧姆时,另一个固定电阻112可提供最小电阻。当电容110充电至电压高于双向触发二极管114的触发电压时,双向触发二极管114会导电,从而使硅开关栅极116充电。硅开关栅极116处电压和穿过偏压电阻118之后电压的合成电压使硅开关116导电。当电流I经过零点位置时,硅开关116不可导电(即“关闭”)。当硅开关116不可导电时,调光器输出电压VDIM为0伏。当硅开关116导电时,调光器输出电压VDIM与线路电压Vline相同。使电容110充电至可触发双向触发二极管114的电压所需的电容110充电时间依据电流I而定。电流I的值依据可变电阻106和电阻112电阻值而定。
在至少一项实施例中,调光器输出电压VDIM的占空比和对应的相位角表示调光器102的调光水平。常规调光器102的限值可防止出现100%至0%的占空比,并通常介于95%至10%之间。因此,调节可变电阻106的电阻值即可调节相位角,从而调节以调光器输出电压VDIM表示的调光水平。调节调光器输出电压VDIM的相位角可改变光源104的平均功率,从而调节光源104的强度。
图1B所示为采用三线常规调光器150调节白炽灯光源104的照明电路140。常规调光器150可为基于微控制器的装置。一对电线将直流线路电压Vline输送至光源控制器/驱动器152。在另一实施例中,线路电压Vline被直接施加于光源控制器/驱动器152。第三根电线将调光器输出信号值DV传送至光源控制器/驱动器152。在至少一项实施例中,调光器150为数字调光器,可接收用户通过按钮、其它开关或遥控器等输入的调光器水平用户输入值,并将调光器水平用户输入值转换为调光器输出信号值DV。在至少一项实施例中,调光器输出信号值DV为数字数据,表示所选调光水平或其它调光器功能。调光器输出信号值DV被用作光源控制器/驱动器152的控制信号。光源控制器/驱动器152接收调光器输出信号值DV,并向光源104提供驱动电流,以将光源104调节至调光器输出信号值DV指定的调光水平。
图2所示为调光器102已修正的调光器输出电压VDIM波形图的占空比和对应的相位角。调光器的输出电压在从正电压转向负电压的每个周期内均会出现震荡。(正负电压依据参考直流(dc)电压水平而确定,如中性或常规电压参考。)从202.0至202.N的每一个完整周期时间与Vline频率相同,其中N为整数。调光器102会斩切从204.0至204.N以及从206.0至206.N的电压半周期,以改变每一半周期的占空比和相位角。相位角是测量调光器输出电压VDIM周期内发生斩切的点的测量值。调光器102会在时间t1时斩切正半周期204.0,以便半周期204.0在时间t0至时间t1期间为0伏,而在时间t1至时间t2则具有正电压。因此,光源104在时间t0至t1期间为‘关闭’,而在时间t1至t2期间为‘开启’。调光器102会按照与负半周期204.0相同的时间斩切正半周期206.0。因此周期202.0的每一半周期的相位角均相同。因而,调光器102的完整相位角与周期202.0的占空比直接相关。计算周期202.0的占空比的等式[1]为:
Figure A20088000826000141
可变电阻106的电阻值增加时,调光器102的占空比和相位角也会降低。在时间t2至时间t3期间,可变电阻106的电阻值增加,因此调光器102会相对于周期202.0,在完整周期202.N的正半周期204.N和负半周期206.N内的稍后时间斩切完整周期202.N。调光器102会继续按照与负半周期206.N相同的时间斩切正半周期204.N。因此周期202.N每一半周期的占空比和相位角均相同。
由于时间(t5-t4)<(t2-t1),因此调光器电压VDIM的正弦波202.N向光源104输送的平均功率更少,而光源104在时间t3时的强度相对于时间t2时的强度也有所降低。
图3所示为实测光与感知光的对比图300,表明调光过程中实测光对感知光的典型百分比。调光器102的多种调光水平可相对于可变电阻106电阻值,改变白炽灯光源104的实测光输出。因此,光源104产生的实测光是调光器输出电压VDIM的函数。百分之百的实测光表示光源104的最大额定流明输出,而百分之零的实测光则表示无光输出。
人眼对实测光百分比降低的反应是,自动拉大瞳孔让更多的光进入眼球。让更多的光进入眼球给人的感觉是光确实变亮了。因此,人们所感知到的光通常比实测光强。例如,曲线302表明,实测光为1%时,人们的感知光为10%。在一项实施例中,只有当实测光接近100%时,实测光和感知光的百分比才能完全一致。
许多照明应用(如建筑调光、更高性能的调光和能量管理调光)均会涉及实测光改变1%至10%不等。由于实测光与感知光之间的非线性关系,调光器102仅拥有很窄的调光范围,并在低实测输出光水平时十分敏感。因此,调光器在低实测光水平时提供准确控制的能力十分有限。
发明内容
在本发明的一项实施例中,一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据映射的数字数据驱动光源的方法,包括接收调光器输出信号和接收具有时钟信号频率的时钟信号。该方法还包括基于时钟频率检测调光器输出信号的占空比,以及将调光器输出信号的占空比转换为表示检测的占空比的数字数据,其中该数字数据与调光水平关联。该方法还进一步包括采用预定照明输出函数,将数字数据映像至光源控制信号,以及根据光源控制信号操作光源。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光输出信号值操作光源的方法,包括接收调光器输出信号,其中,调光器输出信号值表示范围接近95%至10%的占空比。该方法还包括采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于5%的光源强度范围。该方法还进一步包括根据光源控制信号操作光源。
在本发明的另一实施例中,一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光输出信号值驱动光源的方法,包括接收调光器输出信号,其中,调光器输出信号值表示多种调光水平之一。该方法还进一步包括应用一个信号处理函数,以改变由第一光源强度水平至第二光源强度水平的转换时间,并采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号。该方法还进一步包括根据光源控制信号操作光源。
在本发明的另一实施例中,照明系统包括用于接收调光器输出信号的一个或多个输入端,以及用于检测由调光器产生的调光器输出信号之占空比的检测器。该照明系统还包括一个占空比时间转换器,以将调光器输出信号的占空比转换为表示所检测的占空比的数字数据,其中,该数字数据与调光水平相对应。该照明系统还进一步包括一个电路,可采用预定照明输出函数将数字数据映像至光源控制信号,以及一个光源驱动器,可根据光源控制信号操作光源。
在本发明的另一实施例中,照明系统包括用于接收调光器输出信号的一个或多个输入端,其中,调光器输出信号值表示多种调光水平之一。该照明系统还包括一个滤光器,用于应用一个信号处理函数,以改变由第一光源强度水平至第二光源强度水平之转换时间,以及一个电路,用于采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号。该照明系统还包括一个光源驱动器,可根据来自光源控制信号的信号,对光源进行控制。
在本发明的另一实施例中,介绍了一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光输出信号值操作光源的照明系统,包括一个或多个用于接收调光器输出信号的输入端,其中,调光器输出信号值表示范围接近95%至10%的占空比。该照明系统还包括一个电路,可采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于5%的光源强度范围。该照明系统还包括一个光源驱动器,可根据光源控制信号操作光源。
附图说明
参考附图可更好地理解本发明,还可使熟练掌握该技术的人员更清楚地看到本发明的众多目的、特征和优点。在这些附图中使用相同参考号代表类似或相似元素。
图1A(标为先前技术)所示为采用常规调光器调节白炽灯的照明电路。
图1B(标为先前技术)所示为采用常规调光器调节白炽灯的照明电路。
图2(标为先前技术)所示为相位角修正后的调光器输出电压波形图。
图3(标示为先前技术)所示为调光过程中实测光与感知光的比较图。
图4A所示为根据预定照明输出函数,将照明调光器的调光水平映射至光源控制信号的照明系统。
图4B所示为用于将调光器输入信号转换为数字数据的占空比时间转换器。
图4C所示为占空比时间转换器。
图4D所示为占空比检测器。
图5所示为示范性照明输出函数的图形描绘。
图6和7所示为在时域内的关联的示范性调光器输出信号值与已过滤的调光器输出信号值。
具体实施方式
一种采用预定照明输出函数将调光器的调光水平映射至光源控制信号的系统和方法。在至少一个实施例中,调光器会产生调光器输出信号值。在任何特定时段,调光器输出信号值均表示多个调光水平之一。在至少一个实施例中,照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至任一照明输出函数,如照明水平函数、时间函数或任一其它光源控制函数。在至少一个实施例中,照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至一个或多个不同调光值,该调光值与由调光器输出信号值所表示的调光水平不同。在至少一个实施例中,照明输出函数将与实测光水平对应的调光器输出信号值转换为感知光水平。光源驱动器根据预定照明输出函数操作光源。在至少一个实施例中,该系统和方法包括一种滤波器,用于应用一个信号处理函数,以改变由第一光源强度水平至第二光源强度水平的转换时间。
图4A所示为根据预定照明输出函数401,将调光器402的调光水平映射至光源控制信号的照明系统400。在至少一个实施例中,调光器402为常规调光器,如调光器102或调光器150。调光器402提供调光器输出信号VDIM。在一段时间内,调光器输出信号VDIM具有特定值DV。例如,调光器输出值DV为调光器输出信号VDIM的相位角。调光器输出信号值DV表示调光水平。如果没有该映射,则光源控制器/驱动器406将调光器输出信号值DV映射至与实测光百分比对应的调光水平。标题为“发光二极管光源镇流器”的美国临时专利申请对一种示范性光源控制器/驱动器406进行了说明。
在至少一个实施例中,用户通过拨动开关、按钮或遥控器等控制项(未显示)选择调光器输出信号值DV,进而选择调光水平。在至少一个实施例中,调光器输出信号VDIM为周期性交流电压。在至少一个实施例中,作为对调光水平选择的回应,调光器402斩切线路电压Vline(图1),以修改调光器输出信号VDIM的相位角。调光器输出信号VDIM的相位角与所选调光水平相对应。调光器输出信号相位检测器410会检测调光器输出信号VDIM的相位角。调光器输出信号检测器410会产生调光器输出信号值DV,该信号值与以调光器输出信号VDIM表示的相位角相对应。在至少一个实施例中,调光器输出信号相位检测器410包括一个采用具有已知频率之时钟信号fclk的时钟电路,以及一个用于将调光器输出信号VDIM与中性参考进行比较的比较仪。增加时钟频率会提高相位检测器410的精度。调光器输出信号VDIM具有已知频率。调光器输出信号相位检测器410通过计算截至调光器输出信号VDIM斩切点(即调光器输出信号VDIM的边缘)被比较仪检测到之前的时钟信号fclk周期数,确定调光器输出信号VDIM的相位角。
图4B所示为可将调光器输入信号VDIM转换为数字调光器输出信号值DV的占空比时间转换器418。占空比时间转换器418是照明系统400内调光器输出信号相位检测器410的替代装置。调光器输出信号值的数字数据DV表示调光器输出电压VDIM的占空比。占空比时间转换器418通过计算截至调光器输出信号VDIM斩切点被占空比时间转换器418检测到之前的时钟信号fclk周期数,确定调光器输出信号VDIM的占空比。
图4C所示为表示占空比时间转换器418实施例之一的占空比时间转换器420。比较仪422将调光器输出电压VDIM与已知参考进行比较。该参考通常为调光器输出电压VDIM的周期交叉点电压,如家用交流电压的中性电位。计数器424会计算截至比较仪422表明已到达调光器输出信号VDIM斩切点之前的时钟信号fclk周期数。由于调光器输出信号VDIM的频率和时钟信号fclk的频率已知,因此可根据截至比较仪422表明调光器输出信号VDIM斩切点之前的时钟信号fclk周期数而确定占空比。与此类似,也可通过了解由调光器输出信号VDIM的一个周期开始至调光器输出信号VDIM的斩切点被检测出为止所用的时间,而确定相位角。
图4D所示为占空比检测器460。占空比检测器460包括一个模拟积分器462,用于在调光器输出信号VDIM的每一周期(全周期或半周期)之内累积调光器输出信号VDIM。模拟积分器462会产生与针对调光器输出信号VDIM每一周期的调光器输出信号VDIM占空比相对应的电流I。由模拟积分器462所提供的电流会为电容468充电,同时电容468的电压VC可由模-数转换器(ADC)464确定。电压VC与调光器输出信号VDIM的占空比直接对应。可通过在调光器输出信号VDIM的每一周期完成后释放电容462和468的电量,重设模拟积分器462。模-数转换器424输出为数字数据,表示调光器输出信号VDIM占空比。
在另一个实施例中,调光器输出信号VDIM可被斩切,以产生前缘和后缘调光器电压VDIM。发明人为Patchornik和Barak、名称为“用于电子调光器的电灯变压器以及降低其噪声的方法”的6,713,974号美国专利对用于斩切和检测前缘与后缘调光器电压VDIM的示范性系统和方法进行了说明。本专利申请通过引用完整地纳6,713,974号美国专利。
在至少一个实施例中,映射电路404接收调光器输出信号值DV。映射电路404包括照明输出函数401。照明输出函数401将调光器输出信号值DV映射至控制信号CV。光源控制器/驱动器406产生驱动信号DR,以回应控制信号CV。在至少一个实施例中,控制信号CV将调光器输出信号值映射至调光水平,该调光水平与调光器输出信号值DV所表示的调光水平不同。例如,在至少一个实施例中,控制信号CV将调光器信号值DV映射至可人为感知的照明输出水平,比如以一种近似于线性的关系进行映射。照明输出函数401也可将调光器输出信号值DV映射至其照明函数。例如,若调光器输出信号值DV在预定时长内并未发生变化,则照明输出函数401可将某一特定调光器输出信号值DV映射至会在该预定时长后“关闭”光源408的时间信号。
照明输出函数401可将由调光器输出信号值表示的调光水平,映射至几乎不限数量的函数中。例如,照明输出函数401可将低百分比的调光水平(如90%调光),映射至光源闪烁函数,该函数会促使光源408在预定的调光范围内随意变换强度。在至少一个实施例中,光源强度会产生不超过2500K的色温。光源控制器/驱动器406可通过向光源408提供随意的功率振荡,而促使光源408出现闪烁。
在一个实施例中,调光器输出信号值VDIM表示范围约为95%至10%的占空比。照明输出函数402通过照明输出函数401,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号。照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于5%的光源408强度范围。
映射电路404的实施和照明输出函数401属于设计选择问题。例如,照明输出函数401可被预定,并内置在存储器内。存储器可将照明输出函数401保存在查询表格中。对于每一调光器输出信号值DV,该查询表格可包括一个或多个与之相对应的控制信号值CV。多个控制信号值CV可用于生成多个光源控制信号DR。多个映射值出现时,控制信号CV便可充当该多个映射值的矢量。在至少一个实施例中,照明输出函数401的实施方式为模拟函数发生器,可将调光器输出信号值与映射值进行关联。
图5所示为照明输出函数401的示范性图表说明500。回顾之前的感知光图表300(图3),按照惯例,当实测光的百分比由10%变为0%时,感知光的百分比就由32%变为0%。示范性照明输出函数401根据调光器输出信号值DV的指示,将强度百分比映射至一个数值,该数值可在感知光百分比与调光水平百分比之间提供线性的一对一关系。因此,当调光水平被设定为50%时,感知光的百分比也为50%,以此类推。通过提供一对一的线性关系,示范性照明输出函数401使调光器402在较高调光水平百分比时具有更高的敏感性。
在另一实施例中,照明输出函数401包括一个闪烁函数,该闪烁函数可将与低光强度(如10%占空比)对应的调光器输出信号值DV,映射至会使光源408在不超过2500K的特定色温下出现闪烁的控制信号。在至少一个实施例中,可通过向光源408提供随意功率振荡而取得该闪烁效果。
光源控制器/驱动器406接收每一控制信号CV,并将该控制信号CV转换为用于光源408内每一单独光源或每一单独光源组的控制信号。光源控制器/驱动器406为光源408提供原始直流电,并控制光源408内的驱动电流。例如,控制信号DR可为光源408内的开关提供脉冲宽度调制控制信号。光源408内的滤光器组件可过滤经脉冲宽度调制的控制信号DR,为光源408内的每一光源提供稳定的驱动电流。该驱动电流值受控于控制信号DR,而这些控制器信号DR则由来自映射电路404的映射值确定。
可将一种信号处理函数应用于照明系统400,以改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平转换的时间。该函数可在与照明输出函数401进行映射之前或之后应用。在至少一个实施例中,该信号处理函数被嵌装在滤光器内。在至少一个实施例中,照明系统400包括滤光器412。采用滤光器412时,滤光器412在将过滤后的调光器输出信号值DV传送至映射电路404之前,处理调光器输出信号值DV。调光器输出电压VDIM会发生突变,如当调光器402上的开关由调光水平90%被快速拨向调光水平0%时。此外,调光器输出电压可能会包含不必要的微扰,例如,这些不必要的微扰可能是由通过调光器402向照明系统400所提供之线性电压的波动造成的。滤光器412可表示能够改变调光器输出信号值DV所指定之调光水平的任一函数。滤光器412可与模拟或数字符件一起实施。在另一实施例中,滤光器会过滤控制信号DR,以获取相同的结果。
图6所示为在时域内关联的示范性调光器输出信号值602与过滤后的调光器输出信号值604。调光器输出信号值602在时间t0时发生突变。滤光器412会借助低通平均函数过滤调光器输出信号值604,以根据过滤后的调光器输出信号值604的指示,实现平稳的调光过渡。在至少一个实施例中,需要进行由高调光水平向低调光水平的突变。滤光器412还可被配置为由低调光水平平稳过渡至高调光水平,并同时允许由高调光水平突然或较快速地过渡至低调光水平。
图7所示为在时域内关联的示范性调光器输出信号值702与过滤后的调光器输出信号值704。调光器输出信号值702会随时间而产生微扰(波动)。例如,这些微扰可能由线性电压波动所致。滤光器412可使用低通滤光器传递函数,平复调光器输出信号值702内的微扰。
光源408可包括单个光源或一组光源。例如,光源408可另包含一个或多个发光二极管,或一个或多个气体放电灯。每一光源408均可根据映射电路404产生的控制信号CV,进行单独、统一或分组控制。映射电路404、光源控制器/驱动器406、光源408、调光器输出信号相位检测器410和可选滤光器412可被统称为照明装置。照明装置414可包括一个用于封闭映射电路404的封闭舱、光源控制器/驱动器406、光源408、调光器输出信号相位检测器410和可选滤光器412。该封闭舱可包括用于连接调光器402、接收交流电(AC)的端子。照明装置414的组件还可单独或分组包装。在至少一个实施例中,映射电路404、光源控制器/驱动器406、调光器输出信号相位检测器410和可选滤光器412可被集成在单个集成电路装置内。在另一实施例中,集成电路和/或零散组件被用于构建映射电路404、光源控制器/驱动器406、调光器输出信号相位检测器410和可选滤光器412。
尽管已经详细描述了本发明,但是必须知道,仍然可以在不偏离所附权利要求定义的本发明的范围和精神的情况下进行各种更改、替代和变动。

Claims (39)

1.一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的数字数据驱动光源的方法,该方法包含:
接收调光器输出信号;
接收具有时钟信号频率的时钟信号;
基于时钟信号频率检测调光器输出信号的占空比;
将调光器输出信号的占空比转换为表示所检测的占空比的数字数据,其中,该数字数据与调光水平相对应;
采用预定照明输出函数将该数字数据映射至光源控制信号;以及
根据光源控制信号操作光源。
2.权利要求1的方法还包含:
通过一对输入端接收来自电源的交流电(AC);以及
接收调光器输出信号还包含采用至少一个输入端接收调光器输出信号。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中,采用预定照明输出函数将数字数据映射至光源控制信号还包含:
将数字数据映射至与调光器输出信号值所表示之调光水平不同的调光水平。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中:
采用预定照明输出函数将该数字数据映射至光源控制信号还包含:
将数字数据映射至一个光源闪烁函数,该函数促使光源在输入调光水平的预定调光范围内随意变换强度。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中,光源强度具有低于或等于2500K的色温。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中,采用预定照明输出函数将数字数据映射至光源控制信号还包含:
接收来自存储器的预定照明输出函数,其中,存储器内的数据将检索得到的预定照明输出函数与调光器输出信号值所表示的调光水平进行关联。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中,预定照明输出函数以一种近似于线性的关系,将调光器输出水平映射至人们的感知光输出水平。
8.权利要求1的方法还包含:
在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少过滤一组数字数据值。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中,在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少过滤一组数字数据值还包含:
低通过滤表示低于预定阈值水平之调光水平的数字数据值,以降低由调光器输出信号占空比所指定之光源内感知光的变化率。
10.权利要求8的方法,其中,在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少低通过滤一组数字数据值还包含:
采用可在调光器输出值与光源感知光输出之间建立一种近似于线性关系的滤光器函数,过滤数字数据值。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中,光源包括一个或多个选自下述分组的照明组件:一个或多个发光二极管、一个或多个气体放电灯、以及一个或多个白炽灯。
12.权利要求1的方法还包含:
从查询表格中检索表示预定照明输出函数的数据。
13.一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光输出信号值操作光源的方法,该方法包含:
检索调光器输出信号,其中,调光器输出信号值表示范围约为95%至10%的占空比;
采用预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于5%的光源强度范围;以及
根据光源控制信号操作光源。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中,映射调光器输出信号值还包含采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于或等于2%的光源强度范围。
15.一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光器输出信号值驱动光源的方法,该方法包含:
接收调光器输出信号,其中,调光器输出信号值表示多个调光水平之一;
应用一个信号处理函数,以改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平转换的时间;
采用预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号;以及
根据来自光源控制信号的信号操作光源。
16.权利要求15的方法,其中,应用一个信号处理函数以改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平过渡的时间,包含在映射调光器输出信号值之前,至少过滤一组调光器输出信号值。
17.权利要求15的方法,其中,应用一个信号处理函数以改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平过渡的时间,包含在生成来自光源控制信号的信号之前,至少过滤一组光源控制信号值。
18.权利要求15的方法,其中,应用信号处理函数改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平过渡的时间还包含:
低通过滤表示低于预定阈值水平之调光水平的调光器输出信号值,以降低由调光器输出信号值所指定之光源内感知光的变化率。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中,在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少低通过滤一组调光器输出信号值还包含:
采用可在调光器输出值与光源感知光输出之间建立一种近似于线性关系的滤光器函数,过滤调光器输出信号值。
20.权利要求15的方法还包含:
检测由调光器输出信号值所表示的调光水平。
21.权利要求15的方法,其中,光源包括一个或多个选自下述分组的照明组件:一个或多个发光二极管、一个或多个气体放电灯、以及一个或多个白炽灯。
22.权利要求15的方法,其中,调光器输出信号值是调光器输出信号周期内调光器输出电压的相位角。
23.一种照明系统,包含:
一个或多个输入端,用于接收调光器输出信号;
一个占空比检测器,用于检测由调光器产生的调光器输出信号之占空比;
一个占空比时间转换器,用于将调光器输出信号的占空比转换为表示所检测的占空比的数字数据,其中,该数字数据与调光水平相对应;
一个电路,采用预定照明输出函数将数字数据映射至光源控制信号;以及
一个光源驱动器,可根据光源控制信号操作光源。
24.权利要求23的照明系统还包含:
至少两个用于接收来自电源的交流电(AC)和接收调光器输出信号的输入端。
25.权利要求23的照明系统,其中,电路可被配置为将数字数据映射至与调光器输出信号所表示的调光水平不同的调光水平。
26.权利要求23的照明系统,其中,电路可被配置为采用一个光源闪烁函数,将数字数据映射至控制信号,该函数促使光源在输入调光水平的预定调光范围内随意变换强度。
27.权利要求23的照明系统,其中,用于映射调光器输出信号值的电路包含一个存储器,该存储器具有可将检索得到的预定照明输出函数与调光器输出信号所表示的调光水平进行关联的数据。
28.权利要求27的照明系统,其中,存储器数据保存于一张查询表格中。
29.权利要求23的照明系统,其中,照明输出函数将数字输出信号以线性的方式映像至人们感知到的照明输出水平。
30.权利要求30的照明系统还包含:
一个滤光器,用于在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少过滤一组调光数字数据值。
31.权利要求30的照明系统,其中,滤光器具有一个转移函数,可低通过滤表示低于预定阈值水平之调光水平的数字数据值,以降低由调光器输出信号占空比所指定之光源内感知光的变化率。
32.权利要求23的照明系统还包含:
一个检测仪,用于检测由调光器输出信号占空比所表示的调光水平。
33.权利要求23的照明系统,其中,光源包括一个或多个选自下述分组的照明组件:一个或多个发光二极管、一个或多个气体放电灯、以及一个或多个白炽灯。
34.一种照明系统,包含:
一个或多个用于接收调光器输出信号的输入端,其中,调光器输出信号值表示多个调光水平之一;
一个滤光器,用于应用一个信号处理函数,以改变由第一光源强度水平向第二光源强度水平的过渡时间;
一个电路,采用预定的照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号;以及
一个光源驱动器,用以根据取自光源控制信号的信号操作光源。
35.权利要求34的照明系统,其中,滤光器可被配置为在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,至少低通过滤一组调光器输出信号值。
36.权利要求34的照明系统,其中,滤光器可被配置为至少过滤一组光源控制信号值,以生成源自光源控制信号的信号。
37.一种采用预定照明输出函数映射调光器的调光输出信号值,并根据已映射的调光输出信号值操作光源的照明系统,该照明系统包含:
一个或多个用于接收调光器输出信号的输入端,其中,调光器输出信号值表示范围约为90%至5%的占空比;
一个电路,其采用预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于90%及低于5%的光源强度范围;以及
一个光源驱动器,其根据光源控制信号操作光源。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中,映射调光器输出信号值的电路还可被配置为采用预定照明输出函数,将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,其中,预定照明输出函数将调光器输出信号值映射至光源控制信号,以提供高于95%及低于或等于2%的光源强度范围。
39.权利要求37的方法还包含:
一个滤光器,用于在对调光器输出信号值进行映射之前,
至少过滤一组调光器输出信号值。
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