CN103636105B - 具有次级侧调光控制的变换器隔离led发光电路 - Google Patents

具有次级侧调光控制的变换器隔离led发光电路 Download PDF

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CN103636105B
CN103636105B CN201280032724.3A CN201280032724A CN103636105B CN 103636105 B CN103636105 B CN 103636105B CN 201280032724 A CN201280032724 A CN 201280032724A CN 103636105 B CN103636105 B CN 103636105B
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light modulation
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CN103636105A (zh
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约翰·L·梅安森
埃里克·金
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Signify Holding BV
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    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
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    • H05B45/385—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using flyback topology
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/257—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
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    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
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    • H05B45/382—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] with galvanic isolation between input and output
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Abstract

变换器隔离LED照明电路与一个或多个调光值一致地将来自次级侧存储电容器的电流供应到一个或多个LED串。通过提供在从所述变换器的初级侧给所述存储电容器充电的功率转换器电路的脉冲中的图案或编码，或者替代地通过在开关脉冲外，附加提供的特别调制信号，来将所述调光值传输通过所述变换器。

Description

具有次级侧调光控制的变换器隔离LED发光电路
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及可调光发光二极管（LED）灯泡，并且更具体而言，涉及一种从转换器的次级侧控制LED的发光的LED灯泡功率源。
背景技术
照明控制和电源供应集成电路（IC）在电子系统中和在可更换消费类照明装置中都是普遍使用的，如取代传统白炽灯光灯泡的发光二极管（LED）和紧凑型荧光灯（CFL）。
高效操作LED灯泡需要的功率转换通常从相对高压的整流AC线路功率源（例如整流到180V DC或360V DC的120V AC或240V AC）转换到以串联连接的“串”布置的一个或多个LED的正向电压降，其对于通常的白炽灯更换设备为在5V-15V的级别。因为，不需要滤波，该整流线路电压将在较低速率（例如120Hz）改变，所以必须存储能量以避免改变供应到LED的电流。因此，必须提供足够存储容量的电容器来滤波整流线路电压，和/或必须将整流线路电压转换为低DC电压以提供用于LED的正确操作电压。因此，期望利用变换器耦合拓扑图例如回描转换器将整流线路电压转换为低DC电压。
然而，通过使用变换器耦合拓扑图，控制在可调光LED照明设备中的调光水平通常需要另一个隔离信号路径，例如光隔离器或信号变换器，以允许将调光信息（即从基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器提供的AC线路波形的形状）传输给变换器的次级，其增加了替换照明设备的成本，以及电路的复杂性。
因此，可以期望提供一种低成本变换器隔离功率源电路，其可以不需要单独隔离的信号路径地给LED供电，用于与从输入AC线路电压的形状确定的调光水平一致地控制一个或多个LED串的亮度。
发明内容
本发明实施在一种用于供应功率到多个照明设备的电路，一种包括这种电路的IC和一种操作所述电路的方法。
所述电路是包括具有耦合到将整流AC电路电压转换为低压的第一功率转换器电路的初级线圈和耦合到存储电容器的次级线圈的变换器的隔离电路。所述电路还包括与调光值一致地从存储电容器供应电流到一个或多个LED串的第二功率转换器电路。通过提供在第一功率转换器电路的开关脉冲中的图案或编码，或者替代地通过附加提供除开关脉冲外的特别调制信号，来将所述调光值传输通过所述变换器。
从下面所述，更具体地，从本发明如在附图中示出的优选实施例的描述中，本发明的上述和其它的目标、特征、以及优点将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1为描绘照明设备10的连接的方框图。
图2为描绘照明设备10的物理构造的实物电路图。
图3为描绘在照明设备10内的细节的简化示意图。
图4为描绘在照明设备10内的其他细节的简化示意图。
图5为描绘在照明设备10内的信号的信号波形图。
图6为描绘在照明设备10内的信号的信号波形图。
具体实施方式
本发明包含用于给发光二极管（LED）供电和控制发光二极管（LED）的电路和方法，其中变换器用来将LED与输入AC线路隔离，并且其中通过在耦合通过所述变换器的能量的开关脉冲的位置中对调光信息进行编码，或者通过耦合通过所述变换器的附加信息对调光信息进行编码，来将调光信息传输通过转换器。
现在参考图1，替换照明设备10展示为经由基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8连接到AC线路电压源6，例如通常在家用照明装置中发现的。替换照明设备10包括LED串LEDA、LEDB，它们取代白炽灯产生照明，提供比同等白炽灯更长的寿命，更少的热量和更少的能量消耗。变换器T1在耦合到基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的初级侧电路和供应电流到LED串LEDA、LEDB的次级侧电路之间的隔离。
初级侧控制器集成电路（IC）20操作开关晶体管N1，其示出为在初级侧控制器IC20的外侧，但替代地其可以包括在初级侧控制器IC20内部。初级侧控制器IC20包括能够根据通过检测基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的调光水平，由桥式整流器BR和滤波器电容器C1从由基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8供应的输入AC电压中产生的功率供应电压+VS的波形确定的调光值，通过开关晶体管N1的激活控制供应到变换器T1的初级线圈的能量的量的脉宽调制器或者其他合适控制器。替换照明设备10还包括控制供应到每个LED串LEDA、LEDB的电流的次级侧开关功率变换器28，并且包括分散从变换器T1的初级侧传输的任何过多能量的卸载电路32。控制集成电路30操作次级侧开关功率变换器28。
附加地参考图2，展示了替换照明设备10的实物示意图。转换器电路CONV包括桥式整流器BR，初级侧控制器IC20，电容器C1，晶体管N1，变换器T1和初级侧电路需要的任何其他部件。散热器HS包括在替换照明设备10中以分散由LED串LEDA、LEDB产生的热量，并且也用来安装LED串LEDA、LEDB和开关功率转换器28，同时分散由开关功率转换器28产生的热量。将供应到LED串LEDA、LEDB的电流的控制放置在变换器T1的次级侧上可以提供低电压晶体管和电容器以及高频开关（其减少电感器和电容器尺寸），减少供应和控制电流到多个LED串的成本。并且，因为散热器HS和卸载电路32两者位于变换器T1的隔离次级侧上，所以散热器HS可以使用来分散由卸载电路32产生的热量。
现在参考图3，根据下面描述的示例展示初级侧控制器IC20的细节。调光检测器12从功率供应电压+VS的波形检测基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的调光值，该调光检测器12可以通过在合适加载条件下测量基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的开启时间和关断时间来执行。调光值通过对应于开关晶体管N1的激励的开关脉冲的图案、频率和/或时序，或者通过在开关晶体管N1关断的间隔期间，例如在所有需要的能量已经被转移输入AC波形的预定周期之后，由调制器13注入的附加信号，传输通过变换器T1。电压感测电路16感测跨过变换器T1的初级线圈的电压，该电压感测电路16在晶体管N1关断并且二极管D1被正向偏置时指示跨过电容器C2的电压。具有从变换器T1的初级线圈跨过电容器C2的电压的指示允许初级侧控制器IC20不需要隔离反馈路径地调节跨过电容器C2的电压。跨过电容器C2的指示电压用来控制初级侧控制器14的开关，其在一个示例中为脉宽调制器。因此，初级侧控制器IC20可以是具有少引脚数的相对简单电路，因为控制供应到LED串LEDA、LEDB的电流的任务被委派给次级开关功率转换器28。
现在参考图4，展示次级开关功率转换器28的细节。单独的次级侧功率转换器电路40A、40B从电容器C2汲取能量，并且根据当前调光值，供应电流到LED串LEDA、LEDB中的相应一个。电流的单独控制是必要的，因为预定亮度需要的电流量在LED类型（LED颜色）之间不同，并且足以模拟白炽灯的调光需要的亮度量对于不同的LED串LEDA、LEDB单独地改变。例如，以较低的照明水平，光谱的红色部分随着照明强度下降占优势。
每个次级侧功率转换器电路40A、40B包括开关晶体管N2，电流感测电阻R1，电感器L1，回描二极管D4和阻止反向导电到电容器C2和耦合到电容器C2的其他电路的其他二极管D3。存储电容器C3被提供跨过相应LED串LEDA、LEDB以阻止由于切换带来的可见光变化。所描绘的功率转换器40A、40B是反相大型结构，其中当晶体N2由次级侧控制器IC30激励时，电流IL被汲取通过相应LED串LEDA、LEDB，并且当晶体N2由次级侧控制器IC30关断时，存储在电感器L1中的能量被通过回描二极管D4卸载到电容器C3中。卸载电路32包括开关晶体管N3，和电阻R2，电阻R2被使用来当门/卸载控制器46确定在电容器C2上的电压已经上升得太高时或者直接根据由调光值检测器42从变换器T1的次级线圈确定的调光值分散存在于电容器C2上的任何过多能量。
次级侧控制器IC30的调光值检测器42和初级侧控制器IC20的初级侧控制器14（或者可选地调制器13）一致地作用来将来自初级侧控制器IC20的调光检测器12的调光值传输到次级侧控制器IC30的门/卸载控制器46。具有可以用来传输信息通过开关功率隔离变换器的多种发送信号的技术，包括频率调制，脉冲代码传送等等。在本发明中，所述技术分成两类：利用功率转移开关脉冲来传输调光信息的信号发送和利用传输调光信息的附加信号的信号发送。
现在参考图5，根据不同示例图解说明第一类调光传输技术的示例。图解说明了AC线路电压Vline和形成功率供应电压VS的整流调光输出的切正弦波形。基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的三端双向可控硅开关在时刻ton1开启，其代表可获得的能量转移的开始，其持续时间由run表示，其在AC线路电压Vline的过零处终止，并且其也直接表示调光值。无论什么时候电流跌落到三端双向可控硅开关的保持电流以下，即在时刻tz1、tz2、tz3和tz4，基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器8的三端双向可控硅开关关断。信号triac on表示三端双向可控硅开关的开启。因为本文图解说明的电路的调光传输技术的一个目标在于传输由信号run的宽度指示的调光值，所以提供指示的一种方法是当信号run有效时（在时刻ton1、ton3、ton2和ton4），总是开始图3的初级侧控制器14的操作，当关断信号run时总是维持（或终止）最后脉冲。最后脉冲设置在时刻tz1、tz2、tz3和tz4处，即使能量转移基本上更早地完成，例如在第一图示周期中的时刻txfc。上述类型的信号发送根据一个示例由控制信号sw图解说明。根据另一个示例，在控制信号sw（alt）中的脉冲的频率被调制来反映调光值。在上述示例两者中，图4的调光值检测器42被调适来为控制信号sw的示例测量在脉冲群的开始脉冲和最后脉冲之间的时间间隔，或者在控制信号sw（alt）中的脉冲的引导边缘的频率。根据另一个示例，调光值可以编码在控制信号sw内的图案中。
现在参考图6，图解说明第二类调光传输技术的示例。除了控制信号sw之外，图解说明的波形与在图5图解说明的波形相同，所以下面将仅描述在图6中的附加信号。信号sw+mod图解说明根据一个示例的控制信号，其中特定低幅度代码图案c1由图2的调制器13实施在控制信号sw+mod中以指示过零时刻tz1、tz2、tz3和tz4。图4的调光值检测器42被调适来检测代码图案c1，其图解说明为低幅度双极脉冲，但可以是任何可检测代码图案。其他示例由控制信号sw+mod（alt1）图解说明，其图解说明形成直接编码调光值dim的二进制代码的代码图案c2的插入，该调光值dim可以由在图4的调光值检测器42内的合适解码器检测。最后控制信号sw+mod（alt2）图解说明突发脉冲c3的插入，其频率指示器调光值dim，可以由在图4的调光值检测器42内的合适频率检测器检测。
虽然已经具体地示出并参照其中的优选实施例描述了本发明，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以在形式上和细节上对前述和其它作出改变。

Claims (31)

1.一种用于将电流供应到一个或多个发光二极管(LED)的集成电路，包括：
输入电路，其用于耦合到外部变换器的次级线圈，所述外部变换器(T1)将集成电路和LED与初级侧电路隔离，所述初级侧电路通过提供脉冲通过所述变换器来控制施加到所述外部变换器(T1)的初级线圈的能量的量，以用于供应能量到LED；
解码器，其耦合到所述输入电路，用于解码被编码在跨过所述次级线圈提供的电压波形中的调光值；以及
功率转换器控制电路，用于与所述调光值一致地控制次级功率转换器(40A)以控制从所述外部变换器(T1)的所述次级线圈供应并且去往所述LED的电流。
2.如权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中所述电压波形是包括脉冲的初级侧功率转换器波形，并且其中所述调光值在时间上编码在脉冲的位置中。
3.如权利要求2所述的集成电路，其中在初级侧功率转换波形的周期的开始脉冲与结束脉冲之间的时间周期指示供应AC线路输入到产生初级侧功率转换器波形的电路的调光电路的有效周期。
4.如权利要求2所述的集成电路，其中初级侧功率转换器波形的至少一部分的频率编码所述调光值。
5.如权利要求2所述的集成电路，其中所述调光值被编码在初级侧功率转换器开关波形的周期中的脉冲图案中。
6.如权利要求1所述的集成电路，其中所述电压波形是包括用于供应能量到LED的脉冲和具有已编码调光值的附加分量的初级侧转换器波形。
7.如权利要求6所述的集成电路，其中所述附加分量包括具有基本上比用于供应能量到LED的脉冲的峰值电压小的峰值电压的脉冲。
8.如权利要求1所述的集成电路，还包括控制电路，其用于操作可控负载，所述可控负载从次级线圈汲取负载电流以维持在次级线圈处的、超过给LED供应预定调光值需要的电流的最小平均负载电流。
9.一种用于将电流供应到一个或多个发光二极管(LED)的集成电路，包括：
输入电路，其用于通过基于三端双向可控硅开关调光器电路的动作耦合到具有不同于正弦曲线的特征波形的AC线路电压源，
调光检测器，其用于从AC线路电压的特征波形检测调光值；
功率转换器控制电路，其用于控制耦合到外部变换器的初级线圈的开关，所述外部变换器经由初级侧功率转换器波形的脉冲供应能量到一个或多个LED，并且其中所述一个或多个LED耦合到所述外部变换器的次级线圈并且与所述集成电路隔离；以及
编码电路，其编码在所述外部变换器的初级线圈处的调光值。
10.如权利要求9所述的集成电路，其中所述调光值在时间上被编码在脉冲的位置中。
11.如权利要求10所述的集成电路，其中在初级侧功率转换波形的周期的开始脉冲与结束脉冲之间的时间周期指示调光电路的有效周期。
12.如权利要求9所述的集成电路，其中初级侧功率转换器波形的至少一部分的频率编码所述调光值。
13.如权利要求9所述的集成电路，其中所述调光值被编码在初级侧功率转换器开关波形的周期中的脉冲图案中。
14.如权利要求9所述的集成电路，其中所述初级侧功率转换器波形是包括用于供应能量到LED的脉冲和具有已编码调光值的附加分量的初级侧转换器波形。
15.如权利要求14所述的集成电路，其中所述附加分量包括具有基本上比用于供应能量到LED的脉冲的峰值电压小的峰值电压的脉冲。
16.一种具有一个或多个发光二极管(LED)的照明设备，包括：
调光检测器，其用于从AC线路电压的输入源的波形形状产生调光值；
第一功率转换器，其用于供应脉冲到变换器的初级线圈和指示形成初级侧功率变换器波形的调光值的进一步信息；
整流器电路，其用于从跨过所述变换器的隔离次级线圈的电压产生DC电压，其中所述整流器电路包括用于存储由脉冲传输通过所述变换器的能量的电容器；
检测器，其用于从跨过所述变换器的次级线圈的电压波形检测指示调光值的进一步信息并且确定被检测的调光值；以及
第二功率转换器，其具有耦合到所述电容器用于从电容器供应能量到一个或多个发光二极管的输入，其中与被检测的调光值一致地控制供应到一个或多个发光二极管的至少一个电流。
17.如权利要求16所述的照明设备，其中指示所述调光值的进一步信息在时间上被编码在脉冲的位置中。
18.如权利要求17所述的照明设备，其中在初级侧功率转换波形的周期的开始脉冲与结束脉冲之间的时间周期指示供应AC线路输入到第一功率转换器电路的调光电路的有效周期。
19.如权利要求16所述的照明设备，其中初级侧功率转换器波形的至少一部分的频率编码所述调光值。
20.如权利要求16所述的照明设备，其中所述调光值被编码在初级侧功率转换器开关波形的周期的脉冲图案中。
21.如权利要求16所述的照明设备，其中所述电压波形是包括用于供应能量到LED的脉冲和具有已编码调光值的附加分量的初级侧转换器波形。
22.如权利要求21所述的照明设备，其中所述附加分量包括具有基本上比用于供应能量到LED的脉冲的峰值电压小的峰值电压的脉冲。
23.如权利要求16所述的照明设备，还包括可控负载，所述可控负载从次级线圈汲取负载电流以维持在次级线圈处的、超过给一个或多个发光二极管供应预定调光值需要的电流的最小平均负载电流。
24.一种用于将电流供应到一个或多个发光二极管(LED)的方法，所述方法包括：
从AC线路电压的输入源的波形形状产生调光值；
供应脉冲到变换器的初级线圈和指示形成初级侧功率变换器波形的调光值的进一步信息；
从跨过所述变换器的次级线圈的电压产生DC电压，并且通过从DC电压给电容器充电来将能量存储在电容器中；
检测指示所述调光值的所述进一步信号并且从跨过所述变换器的次级线圈的电压波形确定被检测的调光值；以及
从所述电容器供应能量到一个或多个发光二极管，并且其中与被检测的调光值一致地控制供应到一个或多个发光二极管的至少一个电流。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中指示所述调光值的进一步信息在时间上被编码在脉冲的位置中。
26.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中在初次侧功率转换波形的周期的开始脉冲与结束脉冲之间的时间周期指示供应AC线路输入到产生初级侧功率转换器波形的电路的调光电路的有效周期。
27.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中初级侧功率转换器波形的至少一部分的频率编码所述调光值。
28.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中所述调光值被编码在初级侧功率转换器开关波形的周期的脉冲图案中。
29.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中所述电压波形是包括用于供应能量到LED的脉冲和具有已编码调光值的附加分量的初级侧转换器波形。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，其中所述附加分量包括具有基本上比用于供应能量到LED的脉冲的峰值电压小的峰值电压的脉冲。
31.如权利要求24所述的方法，还包括利用可控负载分散传输到电容器的过多能量，所述可控负载从次级线圈汲取负载电流以维持在次级线圈处的、超过给LED供应预定调光值需要的电流的最小平均负载电流。
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