CN101605866B - 包含复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统 - Google Patents
包含复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101605866B CN101605866B CN2008800044727A CN200880004472A CN101605866B CN 101605866 B CN101605866 B CN 101605866B CN 2008800044727 A CN2008800044727 A CN 2008800044727A CN 200880004472 A CN200880004472 A CN 200880004472A CN 101605866 B CN101605866 B CN 101605866B
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
- C04B35/593—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained by pressure sintering
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/597—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon oxynitride, e.g. SIALONS
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
- C04B35/6262—Milling of calcined, sintered clinker or ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
有利地使用一种包含辐射源和单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统,该单片陶瓷发光转换器包含至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中该非发光化合物的材料选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐,同时也选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐的该发光化合物包含稀土金属激发宿主化合物。该发光化合物和该非发光材料的共享化学特性改善相组合、热和光性能。本发明还涉及复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含辐射源和复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统,该复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器包含至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物。辐射源优选地为发光二极管。
背景技术
本领域中已知可由照明系统提供白色或者彩色光照明,其中发光二极管的辐射通过磷光体转换。发光二极管激发磷光体,磷光体由此在更长波长范围发光;该组合发射产生白色或者彩色的光。
由于发光二极管技术的最近发展已经推出在近紫外到蓝光范围内发光的非常高效的发光二极管,今天市场上有各种各样发彩色和白色光的磷光体转换发光二极管,挑战着传统白炽灯和荧光灯照明。
传统的磷光体转换发光装置(pc-LED)典型地使用这样的设计,其中其上具有蓝光LED的半导体芯片被环氧树脂层覆盖,该环氧树脂层包含一种或多种磷光体的磷光体颗粒粉末。
在一种更新的方法中,半导体芯片被一种或多种磷光体的颗粒层覆盖,该颗粒层通过电泳沉积技术(EPD)来沉积。这一技术提供比树脂结合磷光体层更薄的磷光体层。这允许更好的色度控制以及改善的亮度。
然而,包含磷光体颗粒粉末的现有技术照明系统的问题在于,它们由于诸多缺陷而不能用于多种应用。
首先,难以沉积厚度均匀的磷光体颗粒层。磷光体颗粒趋于结块,且因此难以提供具有已知颗粒尺寸的颗粒的均匀磷光体层。由于颜色均匀性要求层厚度均匀,因此颜色均匀性难以保障。
其次,传统的磷光体颗粒为多晶粉末。然而,多晶磷光体粉末层由于散射而趋于具有低透射率。多晶磷光体粉末颗粒吸收散射光,该散射光不被再次发射,这降低了光输出。此外,由LED发射的光的背散射导致吸收性较强的芯片内的吸收损耗,从而降低了光提取效率。
WO2006/097876披露了设置有发光二极管和单片多晶陶瓷结构的发光元件,其中YAG型的磷光体嵌在包含非发光多晶氧化铝的陶瓷基体内。
在包含非发光化合物的陶瓷基体内嵌入发光化合物,这改善了发光转换器的光学特性并有助于装置的热控制。
然而现有技术的非发光多晶氧化铝基体材料是具有以下化学特性的材料:如果与YAG石榴石型磷光体结合使用,这些化学特性是很有价值的,但是若与其它磷光体结合,这些化学特性并不有利。
因此本发明的目的是减轻这一缺点并提供包含辐射源和单片陶瓷发光转换器的具有改善特性的照明系统。
发明内容
因此本发明提供一种包含辐射源和单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统,该单片陶瓷发光转换器包含含有至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中发光化合物类别和非发光化合物类别是选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐。
根据本发明的优选实施例,辐射源为发光二极管。
术语“单片陶瓷发光转换器”定义陶瓷体,该陶瓷体在由更高能量的电磁辐射激励时在可见或近红外波谱发射辐射。因此,复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器极大简化了各种几何形状的磷光体转换发光二极管的制作。
本发明的单片陶瓷发光转换器包含发光化合物和非发光化合物的复合物,二者共享包含硅和氮离子的相同组成元素。取决于由另外主族元素还是由金属取代,这些化合物被称为“氮化硅”或“氮硅酸盐”。
共享组成元素的一组化学化合物称为“化合物类别”。当化合物类别为有机化合物类型时,它们共享相同的官能团,或者当化合物类别为无机化合物类型时,它们共享相同的离子。由于化合物类别的成员共享组成元素,它们也共享化学和结构特性。
共享的化学和结构特性有利于包含发光化合物和非发光化合物的复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的制作。
共享的化学和结构特性还减小在制作以及操作过程中发光和非发光材料之间的破坏性化学反应的风险。
此外,共享的化学和结构特性减小在制作和操作中由于组成的不匹配热膨胀系数而引起的机械失效的风险,该不匹配热膨胀系数会在单片陶瓷发光转换器内引起机械应力的积累。
由于两种相的折射率相同或差别很小,更少的光在晶粒边界被折射即散射。因此将相同化合物类别的非发光化合物作为发光颗粒的光学基体,这在调整pc-LED的颜色均匀性而不引入不希望的背散射方面具有附加优点。
该化合物可另外包含选自氧、硼、铝、镓、锗、磷和碳的一种或多种离子。
该化合物可另外包含选自下述的金属离子:碱金属Na、K、Rb;碱土金属Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba;或者选自Sc、Y和La的IIIB族金属。
不言自明,发光化合物另外包含激活剂,该激活剂通常选自稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb和Lu。对于本发明而言尤为有用的是铈、镨、钐、铕、铽、镱和锰。
烧结添加剂也可以存在于该复合物组成内。这些添加剂具体地包含本领域称为焊剂(fluxes)的物质。合适的焊剂包含碱土金属或碱金属氧化物、硼酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐和诸如氟化物的卤化物、卤化铵、氧化硅、SiON、SiAlON及其混合物。焊剂可在单片陶瓷复合转换器内作为杂质离子存在于发光或非发光化合物内,或者作为附加相存在于晶粒边界网络内。焊剂相可以是玻璃质或结晶质。
非发光化合物可另外包含改性剂,其选自下述:过渡金属Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、W、Mo、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、Sc、Y、La;主族元素Pb、Bi;以及f元素Ce、Cr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th和U。在一些实施例中,这些改性剂对于降低烧结活性的非发光化合物的烧结温度是有用的。
根据本发明,提供一种复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器,其中发光化合物和非发光化合物的化合物类别是选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐的类别。
特别是其中激活剂选自稀土金属铈、镨、钐、铕、铽和镱的氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐类别的发光化合物是化学稳定且高效的发光化合物,能够将蓝光LED的蓝光转换成绿色至红色。它们以其热稳定发射属性而著称。红光和绿光发光化合物组合制作的白色LED提供了出色的显色和光谱覆盖。它们在电磁波谱的紫外到蓝光范围内发光的LED的可达温度和辐射范围上完全稳定。
通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(其中M=Sr、Ca;0≤x≤2,0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06)的琥珀色到红光铕(II)掺杂碱土金属氧氮铝硅酸盐与通式为Ba1-xMxSi7-yAlyN10-yOy(其中M=Sr、Ca、Eu;0≤x≤1以及0≤y≤3)的非发光碱土金属氧氮铝硅酸盐化合物的组合为本发明的尤为优选的实施例。这些复合物提供了比单相Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz发光化合物更高的光热稳定性和更小的折射率,且因此更好地将光输出耦合到周围介质。与UVA或蓝光LED组合,本发明的这一实施例特别适用于琥珀色或者红色信号照明。
根据本发明的一种变型,复合材料为颗粒-颗粒复合物。包含颗粒-颗粒复合物的复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器可以形成为紧凑整体元件,其中发光化合物晶粒在空间上均匀地分布在非发光化合物内。
备选地,在本发明的一些实施例中,发光化合物的非均匀空间分布是优选的。
根据本发明的第二变型,复合物发光材料为颗粒-基体复合物,其中发光颗粒分散在连续非发光相内。
根据本发明的另一变型,该复合物为堆叠的多层复合物。该复合物包含至少一个第一和一个第二组分层,这些组分层可以重复。在不同发光化合物无法进行联合陶瓷加工的情形,层叠多层复合物为颗粒-颗粒复合物的有用备选。
本发明还涉及复合物陶瓷发光转换器,其包含含有至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中发光化合物和非发光化合物均包含硅和氮。
根据优选实施例,单片陶瓷发光转换器的密度≥理论密度的97%,优选地≥理论密度的99%。
这些和其它目的、特征和优点将通过下文的详细描述、附图说明以及所附权利要求和附图而显而易见。
附图说明
图1示出置于由发光二极管倒装芯片结构发射光的路径内,包含本发明复合物陶瓷发光转换器的ac白光LED灯的示意性侧视图。
图2以示意性略图说明根据特定实施例的复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的微结构。
图3示出复合物陶瓷发光转换器的扫描电子显微照片。
图4为示出根据特定实施例的复合物陶瓷制备的工艺步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明侧重于包含主辐射源的任何配置的照明系统内的单片陶瓷发光转换器(CLC),该单片陶瓷发光转换器包含含有一种或多种发光化合物以及非发光化合物的复合材料。这里使用的术语“辐射”涵盖电磁波谱的紫外、红外及可见区域内的辐射。
复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器为陶瓷构件,其特征在于其典型的微结构。单片陶瓷发光转换器的微结构是多晶的,即,隐晶或者纳米晶微晶的不规则集成物。微晶生长成紧密接触并共享晶粒边界。尽管多晶微结构通过SEM(扫描电子显微镜)可以容易地探测到,单片陶瓷在宏观上看起来是各向同性的。
由于其多晶微结构,陶瓷发光转换器是透明的或者至少具有低光吸收的高光学半透明性。
本发明的单片陶瓷发光转换器的微结构包含至少两个明显分离的相。
第一相包含至少一种发光化合物,该发光化合物在宿主晶格中包含激活剂,其中该宿主晶格包含硅和氮。
复合材料中的第二相包含同一化合物类别的非发光化合物,其作为陶瓷粘合剂并作为光学基体。
因为其中包含的氮电负性小于氧,包含N3-离子的氮化物显示出有点不同于更熟悉的氧化物材料的结构和属性范围。
氮化物、氮氧化物以及氮硅酸盐可以结晶成包含交联的SiN4四面体或Si(N,O)4四面体的二维或三维网络的结构类型,其中可包含碱土离子(M=Ca、Sr和Ba)。
除了简单的氮硅酸盐和氧氮硅酸盐之外,还可以使用包含另外的主族元素(例如磷、碳、锗、硼、镓或铝)的复杂氮硅酸盐。
为了电荷平衡,简单或复杂氮硅酸盐及氧氮硅酸盐可包含选自下述的金属离子:碱金属Na、K、Rb;碱土金属Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba;或者选自Sc、Y、La的IIIB族金属。
根据本发明的优选实施例,发光和非发光化合物的共享化合物类别为或者单独使用或者与碱金属、碱土金属、IIIB族及稀土元素组合的氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐(SiON)、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐(SiAlON)类别。
许多属于这一化合物类别的有用发光化合物在现有技术中已知。该发光化合物通常具有电磁波谱的蓝光到近紫外范围(300-475nm)内的激励波长和可见波长范围内的发射波长。可以配制多种发光化合物的复合物以实现观察者所感知的期望色彩平衡,例如发琥珀色光到红光以及发黄光到绿光的发光化合物的混合物。
除了下文所述具体实施例的发光化合物,适合在该陶瓷复合物中使用的典型发光化合物包括选自通式为EA2Si5N8:Eu的发琥珀色光到红光(590-630nm)的发光化合物的材料,其中EA为选自钙、钡和锶的至少一种碱土金属。
满足本发明条件的其它发光化合物是通式为(Sr1-xEAx)2-zSi5-a(Al1-bBb)aN8-aOa:Lnz的氧氮铝硅酸盐,其中0<a<5,0<b≤1,0<x≤1且0<z≤1,包含选自由Mg、Ca、Ba和Zn组成的至少一种元素EA以及选自由硼、铝、镓、铟和钪组成的至少一种元素B,且使用选自由铈、铕、铽、镨、钐或锰及其混合物组成的镧系金属来激发。
尤为有用的发光化合物是通式为EA2-zSi5-aAlaN8-aOa:Euz的发红光的铕(II)激发氧氮铝硅酸盐,其中0<a≤2且0<z≤0.2;EA为选自钙、钡和锶的至少一种碱土金属。
另外有用的发红光的发光化合物是:通式为(Sr1-x-y-zCaxBay)aSibAlcNdOe:Ybz的镱(II)激发氧氮硅酸盐,其中0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0.001≤z≤0.02,0<a≤2,0<b≤2,0<c≤2,0<d≤7,0<e≤2;通式为(Ln1-z)2-aCaa Si4N6+aC1-a:Cez的铈激发碳氮硅酸盐,其中0≤a<1,0<z≤0.1且Ln为选自钇、钆和镥的至少一种稀土金属;(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu,通式为(Ca1-x-y-zSrxBayMgz)1-n(Al1-a-bBa)SiN2N1-bOb:REn的稀土金属激发氮铝硅酸盐,其中0<x≤1,0≤y<1,0≤z<1,0≤a<1,0≤b≤1且0.0002<n≤0.2,且RE选自铕(II)和铈(III);以及如此处所述在激励时发射谱在可见波谱的红光区域的其它氮硅酸盐发光材料。
这些发光氮硅酸盐化合物在可见波谱的琥珀色到红色光谱范围发射,且因此可以提供发射特定颜色或白色光的LED中的琥珀色到红色分量。该发光化合物的附加的重要特性包括:在典型装置工作温度(例如80℃)对发光的热猝灭的耐受;最小化可见波谱内的死区吸收的合适吸收剖面;在装置的工作寿命内稳定的输出光通量;以及发光化合物激励和发射属性的组分可控的调整。
在本发明的另一优选实施例中,绿光通过复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的发光成份产生,该发光转换器包含通式为EASi2N2O2:Eu的发绿光的(480-560nm)发光化合物,其中EA为选自钙、钡和锶的至少一种碱土金属。
对于绿光发射,也适合在本发明中使用的典型发光化合物是具有通式(Sr1-a-bCabBacMgdZne)SixNyOz:Eua的化合物,其中0.002≤a≤0.2,0.0≤b≤0.25,0.0≤c≤0.25,0.0≤d≤0.25,0.0≤e≤0.25,1.5≤x≤2.5,1.5≤y≤2.5且1.5<z<2.5。
对于蓝光到绿光发射,适合在本发明中使用的典型发光化合物是具有如下通式的化合物:(Ba1-x-aMx)Si7-yAlyN10-yOy:Eua,其中M=Sr、Ca,0.002≤a≤0.2,0≤x≤1且0≤y≤3;Ba1-z-aMzSi6-xAlxN8-xOy+x:Eua,其中M=Sr、Ca,0.002≤a≤0.2,0≤x≤4,0≤y≤1且0≤z≤1。
在特定实施例中,附加地,其他发光化合物可包含在该复合材料内。
复合物陶瓷发光转换器内的第二相包含作为陶瓷粘合剂并作为光学基体的相同化合物类别的非发光材料。
优选的是或者单独使用或者与碱金属、碱土金属和稀土元素组合的氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐(SiON)和氧氮铝硅酸盐(SiAlON)。
所述材料在发光材料的激活剂离子出现激励和发光的波长具有出色的光学透明性。
优选化合物的示例包含:氮硅酸盐Ba1-xMxSi7-yAlyN10-yOy,其中M选自锶和钙;LnSi3N5,其中Ln选自La、Ce、Pr、Nd;Ba1-zMzSi6-xAlxN8-xOy+x,其中M选自锶和钙且0≤y≤1;以及MYSi4N7,其中M分别选自Sr、Ba。
非发光化合物选择的优选条件为,包含硅和氮的非发光化合物在低温是烧结活性的。如果氮化硅非发光化合物也包含一些铝和/或氧,则烧结性可以改善。使用通式为Si6-xAlxOxN8-x的化合物是有用的,其中0≤x≤0.42。尤为优选的是也与发光化合物共享金属离子的通式为Mm/vSi12-(m+n)Alm+nOnN16-n的非发光化合物,其中M涉及一种或多种金属离子,v指金属离子的氧化状态,且m和n可以在大的范围内变化。优选地,该金属离子选自碱金属Na、K、Rb和碱土金属Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba。
具体地,铝作为氮化硅的烧结促进剂并提高烧结密度。然而,当氧化铝单独使用时,诸如机械强度和断裂韧度的复合物的机械属性降低。
该非发光化合物可另外包含改性剂离子,该改性剂选自下述:过渡金属Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、W、Mo、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、Sc、Y、La;主族元素Pb、Bi;以及f元素Ce、Cr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、Pa和U。改性剂助于降低烧结温度并改善陶瓷的致密化性能。
当与网络改性剂(例如钡、锶、钙或镁)组合时,在烧结成玻璃状(玻璃质)或结晶相之后可以发现改善氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐的烧结性的附加相。
上述的非发光化合物不与发光颗粒形成固溶体,发光颗粒保留与该非发光相分离的独立分散颗粒相,形成均匀分散相。
该复合物陶瓷发光转换器的实施例中尤为优选的是,通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的发琥珀色到红光的发光化合物(其中M=Sr、Ca;0≤x≤1,0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06)与通式为Ba1-xMxSi7-yAlyN10-yOy的非发光SiAlON相(其中M=Sr、Ca;0≤x≤1且0≤y≤3)组合。
由致密烧结的Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)晶粒和MSi7N10(M=Ba、Sr、Eu)晶粒组成且也包含一些铕的陶瓷复合物颜色转换器对于激活剂Eu(II)到Eu(III)的光热氧化具有显著稳定性。这可能是由在烧结过程中Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)晶粒内形成的阳离子空位的减少所致。由于钡损耗发生于高烧结温度并通过在N位形成氧缺陷来电荷补偿(方程1),因此可以形成阳离子空位。
方程1:
Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz+uO2→Ba2-x-z-uMx[]uSi5-yAlyN8-y-2uOy+2u:Euz+uBa+uN2
这些缺陷可作为促进Eu(II)的光退化的俘获中心。
在该具体实施例的复合物转换器陶瓷中,Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)晶粒内的M损耗通过在Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)和MSi7N10(M=Ba、Sr)陶瓷晶粒之间的晶粒边界形成更多的MSi7N10(M=Ba、Sr)相得到补偿。这引起Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)晶粒内晶格缺陷减少且因此得到大幅增强的光热稳定性。反之亦然,在烧结过程中也会出现激活剂Eu(II)穿过相界面进入非发光MSi7N10陶瓷晶粒的一些扩散。
该具体实施例的陶瓷复合物发光转换器与已知的发琥珀色到红光粉末氮化物发光化合物相比的优点为:(a)由于复合物基体内改善的晶粒形貌而引起的更高的量子效率;(b)由于该发光转换器的散射减少而引起的增强的转换效率;(c)更高的光热稳定性;(d)复合材料更小的折射率且因此向具有小折射率的周围介质更好地光输出耦合。
显然,发光和非发光化合物的相对数量可以被选择以影响复合物最终属性,且可以根据期望应用而宽广地变化。
对于从LED发射的初级光的部分转换,发光化合物颗粒的数量及其尺寸优选地选择为使得穿过陶瓷发光转换器的路径长度长得使得来自发光LED的足够初级光被转换成次级可见光,并且短得使得足够数量的初级光穿过内嵌磷光体层。为了完全转换,初级光不应穿过陶瓷发光转换器且其厚度选择为具有最优效率且漏光减少。
得到的光不仅沿正向而且沿背向散射光。背散射光在LED内被再次吸收的机会很高。这降低了效率。已经发现,发光材料的体积最多80体积%时,背散射损耗可以很好地保持在低于20至30%范围的降低水平。
通过控制孔隙度和孔尺寸分布而实现进一步改善。在有利的实施例中,陶瓷复合物具有至多3%的孔隙度,对应密度<理论密度的97%。根据本发明优选实施例,密度接近理论密度的100%。
再者,孔尺寸应保持为小,例如小于3000nm,优选地小于约2000nm。小于1000nm的孔尺寸时可获得最佳结果。
对于复合物陶瓷发光转换器的制备,尤为重要的一方面为,发光化合物与非发光化合物按照下述方式组合且固结以形成复合材料,即,确保固体单片复合物的微结构由维持或改善其相应发光属性的发光晶粒来表征。
为了实现这一点,各组成材料基本上不相互反应从而保持其各自结晶相,因为任何相互作用会显著削弱期望的发光属性。根据优选实施例,发光化合物和非发光化合物在相应相图中相邻且形成低共熔混合物。
在实施例中,已经观察到发光和非发光化合物之间的一些有用的相互作用。例如,发光氮硅酸盐化合物可以与碱土金属氧化物前驱物反应,在晶粒边界形成氧硅酸盐玻璃状或结晶相,这导致发光氮硅酸盐晶粒内氧含量减少并因此导致其相应发光属性的改善。
此外,不同的结晶相也可以在复合材料固结过程中原位地形成。例如,发光AE2Si5N8:Eu相可以与作为烧结焊剂添加的碱土金属正硅酸盐相一定程度地反应,以形成少量的玻璃相和非发光AESi7N10相。不期望的玻璃相可以通过诸如热等静压的合适后加工方法从陶瓷复合物发光转换器除去以改善光学属性。
该制作方法随着发光转换器的优选微结构而略微不同。单片陶瓷发光转换器的微结构可以是多晶的颗粒-颗粒复合物、颗粒-基体复合物或者层叠复合物。
在制作包含呈复合物布置的发光和非发光化合物的复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的优选方法中,复合材料的成份设置成颗粒-颗粒复合物布置。
陶瓷颗粒-颗粒复合物是多晶的,即它们包含隐晶、微米晶或纳米晶微晶的不规则集成物。在制作时,微晶生长成紧密接触并共享晶粒边界。单片陶瓷宏观上看上去为各向同性的;然而,多晶微结构可以使用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)容易地探测。
由于其几乎无孔的单片多晶微结构,发光单片陶瓷发光转换器是透明的或者至少具有光吸收低的高光学半透明性。
这样的颗粒-颗粒复合物根据下述方法制备,包括(i)制备发光化合物与第二材料的粉末混合物,该第二材料选自该非发光化合物的前驱物;(ii)粉末压紧以及将混合物成形为预成型件;以及(iii)共烧结该预成型件的混合物,最后进行另外的退火。
在该方法的一个实施例中,非发光化合物的前驱物作为“生(green)”陶瓷材料被提供。此上下文中的“生”是指经煅烧的、反应性的、但尚未烧结的陶瓷材料。
“生”陶瓷材料的密度小于理论密度,通常小于理论密度的65%。“生”陶瓷材料还通常具有在100nm至5μm范围内的精细颗粒尺寸。
非发光化合物的“生”前驱物材料与预烧结粗颗粒尺寸(颗粒尺寸约为1.0至10微米)的发光化合物组合。与发光化合物相比,非发光化合物优选地具有更低的烧结温度。多种发光化合物的各自的烧结温度有助于保持相成份分离并因此减小成份之间不期望相互作用的可能性。
两种材料可以使用标准球磨技术来混合,不过也可以使用本领域中已知的其它方法得到合适结果。
一旦充分地混合,该混合物成形为预成型件。固体复合物预成型件应表现充分的强度和韧度以耐受切削和破裂,并且允许预成形。
预成型件随后在适于该非发光化合物烧结的温度及气氛烧结条件下烧结。烧结处理进行期望的时间量以将该陶瓷致密化到基本其理论密度,从而形成高度半透明的材料。这些参数确保了最小孔隙度和最大密度而无组成材料的相互作用。
尤为优选的是热单轴压力处理,或者冷等静压处理及随后的烧结。还可以采用冷等静压与烧结及随后热等静压的组合。
需要仔细监督致密化工艺以控制晶粒生长及除去残余孔。
发光材料的成形和烧结处理形成复合物单片陶瓷构件,该陶瓷构件通过已知陶瓷工序容易锯切和机械加工。优选地,复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器经抛光以获得平滑表面并阻止由表面粗糙度引起的漫散射。
优选地,陶瓷复合转换器表面的表面粗糙度RMS(表面平坦性的破坏;依据最高和最深表面特征之间差值的几何平均来测量)为≥0.001μm且≤5μm。
在本发明实施例中,最优选地,其中表面粗糙度为≥0.03μm且≤0.15μm。
根据本发明优选实施例,该至少一种陶瓷复合材料的比表面积为≥10-7m2/g且≤0.1m2/g。
典型地,发光以及非发光化合物包含超过百分之80的单晶畴,每个畴直径大于0.5μm且具有不同晶向。单晶畴可以通过附加的无定形或玻璃状材料或者通过附加的结晶成份来连接。
根据优选实施例,该至少一种复合物陶瓷材料的密度大于等于该复合物理论密度的97%且小于等于≤该复合物理论密度的100%,该理论密度为100%无孔材料的密度。已经表明,这对于本发明内的大范围的应用而言是有益的,因为该至少一种陶瓷复合材料的发光和光学属性因此可以提高。
更优选地,该至少一种陶瓷复合材料的密度大于等于理论密度的99%。
使用上述加工方法,该发光化合物能够保持或改善其发光属性,因为发光转换效率和光热稳定性均增强。这个结果完全是预料之外的,因为在共烧结材料以形成复合物时,预期相应属性出现一些降低。然而不发生发光属性的损耗。
根据本发明的另一实施例,复合物的微结构为颗粒-基体复合物,其中发光化合物的结晶颗粒分散在无定形或玻璃质非发光化合物的连续基体内。
在玻璃质和无定形基体内的分散均可以通过溶胶-凝胶工艺以及通过传统粉末和熔融技术并通过固体和玻璃质烧结工艺来制备,其中发光颗粒被加工在基体材料内。
该制作方法在非发光化合物为SiAlON玻璃的许多实施例中是有用的。这些玻璃及其液相烧结在现有技术中已知。
除了形成所述颗粒-颗粒复合物或者颗粒-基体复合物之外,发光转换器的多个相也可以组装成呈多层布置的层叠复合物。
在层叠复合物中,第一层包含第一发光化合物的发光化合物颗粒加上非发光化合物,且第二层包含第二发光化合物的颗粒加上非发光化合物。
使用刮刀技术的流延成型(tape casting)广泛用于制作陶瓷层叠多层复合物,该方法开始于生板(green sheet),该生板随后被共煅烧并划片以形成多层的复合物陶瓷发光转换器。
在本发明的特定实施例中,后成形已烧结的复合物单片CLC可能是有用的,这可以使用对于陶瓷材料公知的例行工序来达成。例如使复合物单片CLC的顶面粗糙化对于散射经转换的光以改善光输出耦合(特别是例如当CLC具有高折射率时)是有用的。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供一种包含辐射源和单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统,该单片陶瓷发光转换器包含含有至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中发光化合物和非发光化合物均包含硅和氮。
辐射源优选地包含半导体光辐射发射器以及响应于电激励而发射光辐射的其它装置。半导体光辐射发射器包含发光二极管LED芯片、发光聚合物(LEP)、激光二极管(LD)、有机发光装置(OLED)、聚合物发光装置(PLED)等。再者,诸如在放电灯和荧光灯(诸如汞低压和高压放电灯、硫放电灯、以及基于分子辐射器和基于X射线管的放电灯)中发现的辐射发射源被考虑用作本发明发光转换器的辐射源。
在本发明的优选实施例中,辐射源为发光二极管。
在本发明内可以考虑任意配置的照明系统,从而如上所述在由发射初级UV或蓝光的LED照射时实现特定颜色光或白光,其中该照明系统包含发光二极管或发光二极管阵列以及含有多种发光化合物的复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器。
对于将复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器耦合到发光二极管或者发光二极管阵列有用的可能配置包括向上外延(epitaxy-up)装置以及倒装芯片装置。
包含辐射源和复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的这一照明系统的一个实施例的详细构造现在将予以描述。
图1示意性说明包含复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器2的固态照明系统1的具体结构,其中LED管芯4以倒装芯片配置封装在基板6上,两个电极5均接触相应引脚而不使用结合引线。LED管芯反置倒装并结合到导热基板上。单片陶瓷发光转换器配置成平板(plate),该平板按这样的方式放置,即,使得从发光二极管发射的大多数光以近似垂直于平板表面的角度进入该平板。为了达到这一点,反射器3设置在发光二极管周围,从而将从发光二极管发射的光沿各个方向反射向盘。
尽管图1示出了具体的LED结构,本发明不依赖于LED管芯的任何具体结构。例如,LED管芯内基板和半导体层的数目以及有源区的详细结构可以变化。另外,LED管芯在图1中示为具有″倒装芯片″类型架构,即,电极5置于LED管芯1的相同侧。然而,如果期望,本发明也可以使用其它类型的LED管芯架构,例如电极5位于管芯的对立侧上。
例如通过将诸如环氧树脂、硅酮等高温光学透明树脂材料的透明结合层7放置在发光转换器和LED管芯之间,该复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器可固定到LED管芯2。在固化时,结合层7将发光转换器固持到LED管芯。
另外,当将复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器直接结合到LED管芯时,低软化点玻璃是有用的。这些材料可以这样结合,即,将LED管芯和复合物单片CLC的温度提升到玻璃软化点之上,并应用压力将材料压制在一起。
在操作中,将电力供应到管芯以激发该管芯。管芯在受到激发时发射初级光,例如蓝光。所发射的初级光的一部分被陶瓷发光转换器部分或全部吸收。响应于初级光的吸收,该陶瓷发光转换器随后发射次级光,即,经转换的光具有更长的峰值波长。所发射初级光的剩余未被吸收部分与次级光(如果存在)一起透射穿过陶瓷发光转换器。
该反射器将该未被吸收的初级光以及该次级光沿总体方向引出作为输出光。因此,输出光是由从管芯发射的初级光和从荧光层发射的次级光组成的复合光。
本发明照明系统的输出光的色温或色点将依赖于次级光相对于初级光的光谱分布和强度而改变。
首先,初级光的色温或色点可以通过适当选择发光二极管而改变。
其次,次级光的色温或色点可以通过适当选择复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器内发光化合物的组成而改变。
而且,复合物的厚度及相对发光含量可以配置成转换入射在复合物单片CLC上的期望百分比的初级光。
取决于发光二极管的发光波长和发光化合物,可以提供在由单一或多种发光化合物和发光元件的色点形成的色多边形内色度图的任意点的光发射。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种照明系统,该照明系统发射具有光谱分布的输出光,使得输出光看上去是彩色的,例如“琥珀色”、“红色”或“绿色”。
根据本发明的备选实施例,照明系统的输出光可具有光谱分布,使得输出光看上去为″白″光。
术语″白光″是指在人眼内激励红、绿和蓝色传感器以产生普通观察者认为是″白色″表观的光。
具体实施例
在本发明的优选实施例中,琥珀色或者红色的光通过复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的发光化合物产生,其中通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的发琥珀色光或者红光的发光化合物(其中M=Sr、Ca;0≤x≤1,0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06)与通式为Ba1-xMxSi7-yAlyN10-yOy的非发光SiAlON相(其中M=Sr、Ca;0≤x≤1且0≤y≤3)组合。其中z<0.06且由低于50%的Sr和/或Ca组成的M的实施例尤为优选。
对于琥珀色发光,通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的发光化合物优选地具有0≤x≤0.7,0≤y≤1,0.001≤z≤0.01的组成。
对于红色发光,通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的发光化合物优选地具有其中0.4≤x≤2,0≤y≤2,0.001≤z≤0.03的组成。
图4中描述的流程图示意性示出如何制备包含(Ba,Sr)2-zSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(其中0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06)和BaSi7N10的具体复合物陶瓷。
发琥珀色或红光的结晶质预烧结粉末材料(Ba,Sr)2-zSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的制备从二价金属的混合氧化物(Sr,Ba)O:Eu的制备开始。
为了制备二价金属的混合氧化物(Sr,Ba)O:Eu,通过在去离子水中搅拌来溶解高纯度的碱土金属和铕(III)的硝酸盐、碳酸盐、草酸盐和醋酸盐。铕(III)相对于碱土金属阳离子的期望浓度在约0.1和3摩尔百分比之间。
溶液在电热板上加热的同时被搅拌,直到水分蒸发,取决于其成分,产生白色或黄色膏料。
固体在120℃干燥一整夜(12小时)。得到的固体被精细研磨并放置到高纯度氧化铝坩埚内。坩埚被载入到管式炉内,之后用流动的氮气/氢气净化若干小时。炉参数为以10℃/mm的速度升高到1000℃,接着在1000℃保持4小时,其后炉子关闭并允许冷却到室温。为了改善粉末形貌,煅烧前可以在粉末混合物中加入碳。
接着二价金属氧化物(Sr,Ba)O:Eu与氮化硅Si3N4、AlN和石墨按预定比例混合。混合物放置到高纯度钨或SiC坩埚内。坩埚被载入到管式炉内并用流动的氮气/氢气(合成气体)净化若干小时。炉参数为以10℃/min的速度升高到1450℃,随后在1450℃保持4小时,其后炉子缓慢地冷却到室温。在1450℃进行第二次退火步骤之前,样品再一次精细研磨。(Ba,Sr)2Si5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的烧结粗晶粒陶瓷粉末具有2到8μm的平均颗粒尺寸。
通常烧结在惰性或还原气氛中进行。氮气/乙炔气氛、氮气/氢气气氛以及氨气气氛可以作为还原气氛的示例。
非发光化合物BaSi7N10前驱物材料的制备从预定比例的碳酸钡、氮化硅和研磨后石墨的混合物的制备开始。
混合物放置于高纯度钨或SiC坩埚内。坩埚被载入到管式炉内且使用流动氮气/氢气来净化若干小时。炉参数为以10℃/mm的速度升高到1500℃,随后在1500℃保持4小时,其后炉子缓慢地冷却到室温。
为了制备复合物单片CLC,混合BaSi7N10化合物的超精细亚微米前驱物材料和粗晶粒烧结发光化合物。混合物在1500°-1650℃在40-80Mpa被热单轴压制2到12小时。
在冷却到室温之后,所获得的复合物单片陶瓷盘(disk)锯切成晶片。这些晶片被研磨、抛光和划片以获得包含(Ba,Sr)2-zSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(其中0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06)和Ba1-xMxSi7N10:Eu(M=Sr、Eu)的复合物陶瓷体的最终半透明复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器。
当用X射线衍射来评估如此获得的结晶相时,发光相被确定为正交Ba2Si5N8晶格类型(PDF文件号01-085-0102)的结晶相,非发光相被确定为BaSi7N10晶格类型(PDF文件号01-089-6751)的结晶相。
这一实施例的CLC微结构的示意图在图2中给出。
图3中复合物陶瓷的抛光表面的SEM相片中可以看到两种类型的晶粒,这两种类型晶粒由较亮和较暗的灰色阴影来指定,其余孔隙度以黑色区域的形式出现。
Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr,Ca)颗粒的平均颗粒尺寸在2-40μm范围内,MSi7N10基体材料含量按体积比是在10-80%范围内,且加工之后样品的剩余孔隙度<3%。
根据SEM观察,确认了发光化合物颗粒不依赖于共享晶粒边界的非发光相而存在。
能量散射X射线荧光谱(EDX)揭示较亮区域主要由M2Si5N8相组成,而较暗区域主要为MSi7N10相。
EDX测量的结果在表1中给出。
表1:较亮和较暗区域的EDX分析结果。
Si[原子%] | Ba[原子%] | Sr[原子%] | Eu[原子%] | |
暗区 | 81.72 | 15.81 | 2.14 | 0.33 |
亮区 | 66.23 | 19.14 | 12.62 | 2.01 |
这一具体实施例的CLC微结构的特征在于形成晶粒边界网络的微晶的统计学颗粒结构。陶瓷表现出的密度为理论密度的97%。
这一颜色转换结构可以与AlInGaN LED光源组合以提供具有高效率和改善的色度一致性的照明系统。使用发射最大值位于380nm到480nm的蓝色LED得到特别好的结果。具体考虑到铕(II)激发Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz(M=Sr、Ca)的激发光谱,已经发现最优值位于415nm到450nm。存在于BaSi7N10相中的痕量二价铕未被这一辐射激励,而是对该辐射透明。
根据本发明,包含复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统以及复合物单片陶瓷发光转换器使用在各种广泛的系统和/或应用中,例如办公照明系统、家庭应用系统、商场照明系统、家庭照明系统、重点照明系统、局部照明系统、剧场照明系统、光纤应用系统、投影系统、自照明显示系统、像素化显示系统、分段显示系统、警告信号系统、医学照明应用系统、指示信号系统、装饰照明系统、便携系统、汽车应用以及温室照明系统。
尽管出于教导的目的,结合特定实施例描述了本发明,但本发明不限于此。可以进行各种调整和修改而不背离本发明的范围。例如,复合物发光转换器可以使用所列举的发光化合物以外的发光材料来制造。因此,所附权利要求的精神和范围不应受前述说明书限制。
Claims (15)
1.一种包含辐射源和单片陶瓷发光转换器的照明系统,该单片陶瓷发光转换器包含含有至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中该发光化合物类别和该非发光化合物类别是选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该发光化合物类别和该非发光化合物类别是选自相同族的氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐。
3.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该辐射源为发光二极管。
4.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该化合物另外包含选自氧、硼、铝、镓、锗、磷和碳的一种或多种元素。
5.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该非发光化合物另外包含选自下述的金属:碱金属Na、K、Rb;碱土金属Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba;或者选自Sc、Y和La的IIIB族金属。
6.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料另外包含烧结添加剂。
7.如权利要求4所述的照明系统,其中该非发光化合物另外包含改性剂,该改性剂选自下述:过渡金属Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、W、Mo、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Zn、Sc、Y、La;主族元素Pb、Bi;以及f元素Ce、Cr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th和U。
8.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该发光化合物的至少一种激活剂选自稀土金属铈、镨、钐、铕、铽、镱和锰。
9.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该发光化合物是通式为Ba2-x-zMxSi5-yAlyN8-yOy:Euz的发琥珀色或红光的铕(II)掺杂碱土金属氧氮铝硅酸盐化合物,其中M=Sr,Ca,0≤x≤2,0≤y≤4,0.0005≤z≤0.06;该非发光化合物是通式为Ba1-xMxSi7-yAlyN10-yOy的碱土金属氧氮铝硅酸盐化合物,其中M=Sr、Ca、Eu,0≤x≤1且0≤y≤3。
10.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料为颗粒-颗粒复合物。
11.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料为颗粒-基体复合物。
12.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料为堆叠的多层复合物。
13.如权利要求1所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料的密度≥理论密度的97%。
14.如权利要求13所述的照明系统,其中该复合材料的密度≥理论密度的99%。
15.一种单片陶瓷发光转换器,包含含有至少一种发光化合物和至少一种非发光化合物的复合材料,其中该发光化合物类别和该非发光化合物类别选自氮硅酸盐、氧氮硅酸盐、氮铝硅酸盐和氧氮铝硅酸盐。
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WO2008096301A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
US20100142181A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
EP2109651A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
JP5575488B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
US10023796B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
ATE526382T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
CN101605866A (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
TW200904245A (en) | 2009-01-16 |
EP2109651B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
JP2010518569A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
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