CN101563252A - 混合驱动装置 - Google Patents

混合驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101563252A
CN101563252A CNA2007800469741A CN200780046974A CN101563252A CN 101563252 A CN101563252 A CN 101563252A CN A2007800469741 A CNA2007800469741 A CN A2007800469741A CN 200780046974 A CN200780046974 A CN 200780046974A CN 101563252 A CN101563252 A CN 101563252A
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mentioned
gear
sun
planetary wheel
wheel carrier
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CN101563252B (zh
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出盐幸彦
驹田英明
饭岛祥浩
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明提供能设定OD模式并且容易实现小型化的混合驱动装置。混合驱动装置备有动力分配机构(4)和变速机构(6)。动力分配机构(4)把内燃机(1)输出的动力分配给第1电动机(2)和输出轴(5)。变速机构(6)可传递转矩地配置在输出轴(5)与第2电动机(3)之间，能设定使输出轴(5)的转速相对于预定输入要素的转速成为高转速的超速档变速比。还备有将上述内燃机(1)选择地与上述变速机构(6)中的上述输入要素连接、并且将上述变速机构(6)设定为超速档变速比的卡合机构(Cod)、(Bhi)。

Description

混合驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及具有若干种动力装置作为车辆行驶动力源的混合驱动装置。特别涉及能够设定把内燃机输出的动力分配给第1电动机和输出部件的驱动状态，和将内燃机与输出部件机械地连接、并且将其变速比固定为超速档状态的驱动状态的混合驱动装置。
背景技术
众所周知，混合驱动装置，除了具有内燃机外，还将电动机、电动发电机作为动力装置。该混合驱动装置，以尽可能好的效率状态使内燃机运转，另一方面用电动机或电动发电机来弥补输出转矩、发动机制动力的过量、不足，另外，在减速时进行能量的再生，由此减少内燃机的排气，同时提高燃料利用率(燃費)。这种驱动装置中，输出转速为相对的低转速时，与动力分配机构连接着的具有发电功能的电动机进行发电，将其电力供给其它电动机，使其作为马达动作，将其动力施加给输出部件。而当输出转速为相对的高转速时，把与动力分配机构连接着的电动机，作为马达使用，使其向与内燃机相反方向旋转，将其电力供给其它电动机，使其作为发电机作用。这样，用输出侧的上述其它电动机，将动力变换为电力，把该电力返回到输入侧，变化为机械动力，并且传递给输出侧，结果，随着电力的变换，产生动力循环，能量损失增大，动力的传递效率、混合动力型车辆的燃料利用率低。
为了解决上述问题，正在研究，能够将内燃机与输出部件之间的实质变速比高低地变化来设定至少二种运转模式的构成。其一例记载在日本特开2004-345527号公报中。该日本特开2004-345527号公报记载的装置，备有配列在发动机旋转中心轴线上的第1电动发电机、单齿轮型行星齿轮机构、双齿轮型行星齿轮机构、和第2电动发电机。内燃机和第1电动发电机，与单齿轮型行星齿轮机构连接，作为动力分配机构。另外，单齿轮型行星齿轮机构的行星轮架与双齿轮型行星齿轮机构的齿圈连接着。单齿轮型行星齿轮机构的齿圈与双齿轮型行星齿轮机构的行星轮架连接着。单齿轮型行星齿轮机构的齿圈和双齿轮型行星齿轮机构的行星轮架，与输出部件和第2电动发电机连接着。另外，设有选择地将双齿轮型行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮固定住的制动器。
因此，日本特开2004-345527号公报记载的装置中，在释放该制动器的状态，由单齿轮型行星齿轮机构分配或合成了的发动机的输出转矩和第1电动发电机的转矩，输出给输出部件，成为由第1电动发电机控制发动机转速的所谓通常模式。而使制动器卡合、将双齿轮型行星齿轮机构的太阳齿轮固定住时，将该太阳齿轮作为固定要素、将齿圈作为输入要素、将行星轮架作为输出要素，产生作为使输出要素的转速成为高转速的增速机构的功能。结果，输出转速即使是高转速时，也可以相对地降低发动机转速。另外，日本特开2005-9514号公报记载的装置，进行把连接着发动机和第1电动发电机的行星齿轮机构固定于增速机构的控制。
上述日本特开2004-345527号公报、特开2005-9514号公报记载的装置，由二组行星齿轮机构或复合行星齿轮机构，构成把发动机的动力分配给输出轴等输出部件的机构，用制动器的卡合·释放，来设定随着电力变换将动力传递给输出部件的驱动状态、和机械地把动力传递给输出部件的驱动状态。这样，用若干组行星齿轮机构，构成动力分配机构，因此，所需的行星齿轮机构的数目多，导致整个混合驱动装置的大型化，另外，降低对车辆的搭载性。
发明内容
本发明是着眼于上述技术课题而作出的，其目的是利用现有的机构，提供可设定所谓超速档状态并可实现小型化的混合驱动装置。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的混合驱动装置，备有动力分配机构和变速机构；上述动力分配机构把内燃机输出的动力，分配给第1电动机和输出部件；上述变速机构在该输出部件与第2电动机之间能够传递转矩地配置，且能够设定使上述输出部件的转速比预定输入要素的转速高的超速档变速比；其特征在于，还备有卡合机构，该卡合机构将上述内燃机有选择地与上述变速机构中的上述输入要素连接，并且将上述变速机构设定为超速档变速比。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述变速机构，备有任一旋转要素彼此连接着的第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构这二组行星齿轮机构。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，
上述第1行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第1太阳齿轮、相对于该第1太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第1齿圈、和第1行星轮架，该第1行星轮架保持与上述第1太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第1齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第2行星齿轮机构，由单齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该单齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第2太阳齿轮、相对于该第2太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第2齿圈、和第2行星轮架，该第2行星轮架保持与上述第2太阳齿轮及上述第2齿圈啮合的行星齿轮。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构，相邻地配置在同一轴线上，并且，在这些行星齿轮机构的外周侧只配置着连接部件，该连接部件将各自的齿圈彼此连接且将这些齿圈与上述输出部件连接。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，并且，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着；上述卡合机构，包含将上述第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第1离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第1制动机构；另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第2行星轮架的第2制动机构。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1太阳齿轮和第2太阳齿轮相互连接着并同轴化。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第2电动机与上述第1行星轮架连接着；上述卡合机构，包含将上述第2行星轮架和上述内燃机有选择地连接的第2离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1太阳齿轮和第2太阳齿轮的第3制动机构；另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第2行星轮架的第4制动机构。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构相邻、并与上述第2电动机配置在同一轴线上；
还备有第5制动机构和第6制动机构，上述第5制动机构制动这些行星齿轮机构中的任一旋转要素，设定上述超速档变速比；上述第6制动机构制动其它的旋转要素，设定比上述超速档变速比大的变速比；
这些第5制动机构和第6制动机构，配置在上述第2电动机与上述各行星齿轮机构之间。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第1齿圈和上述第2行星轮架相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着，并且，上述第2齿圈与输出部件连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第3离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第5制动机构；
另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架的第6制动机构。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，还备有选择地制动上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架的第7制动机构，该第7制动机构配置在上述第2行星齿轮机构的外周侧。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着，并且，上述第2齿圈与上述输出部件连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第8制动机构、和将上述第1齿圈及第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第4离合机构。
另外，本发明，在上述发明中，其特征在于，
上述第1行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第1太阳齿轮、相对于该第1太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第1齿圈、和第1行星轮架，该第1行星轮架保持与上述第1太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第1齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第2行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第3太阳齿轮、相对于该第3太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第3齿圈、和第3行星轮架，该第3行星轮架保持与上述第3太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第3齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第1行星轮架和上述第3齿圈一体旋转地相互连接着，并且这些第1行星轮架和第3齿圈与上述输出部件连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第3行星轮架连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述内燃机和上述第1齿圈有选择地连接的第5离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1太阳齿轮和第3太阳齿轮的第9制动机构；
还设有有选择地制动上述第1齿圈的第10制动机构。
另外，本发明，在上述任一发明中，其特征在于，
上述卡合机构，包含将上述内燃机和上述输入要素有选择地连接的连接机构、和制动机构；
上述变速机构，包含上述输入要素、与上述第2电动机连接着的旋转要素、与上述输出部件连接着的其它的旋转要素、和由上述制动机构有选择地制动的另外其它的旋转要素；
还备有下述机构，该机构在用上述连接机构将上述内燃机和上述输入要素连接时不能控制上述第1电动机的转速的情况下，释放上述制动机构，并且由上述第2电动机控制上述输入要素的转速，进行上述连接机构的同步控制。
根据上述各发明，将动力被分配到第1电动机和输出部件的内燃机，用卡合机构与变速机构中的预定输入要素连接，并且，将该变速机构设定为超速档变速比，这样，内燃机机与输出部件机械地连接，并且两者间的变速比成为超速档变速比。即，变速机构兼具有作为第2电动机用的变速装置的功能、和作为内燃机与输出部件之间的超速档机构的功能，不必另外地设置在输出部件的转速为高转速时使内燃机转速相对降低用的齿轮机构，结果，可以减少零部件数目，使整个混合驱动装置小型化。
另外，根据上述发明，由于配置在构成变速机构的各行星齿轮机构的外周侧的部件，只有上述连接部件，所以，外径增大的因素减少，可以使混合驱动装置的外径相对地小，尤其是，如果把变速机构配置在内燃机旋转中心轴线上与内燃机相反的一侧，则对于前置发动机后轮驱动式车辆，可提高车载性。
另外，根据上述发明，除了上述效果外，由于可减少配置成嵌合状态的轴数，所以，可抑制第1行星齿轮机构的内径增大。
另外，根据上述发明，为了设定超速档变速比而卡合的第5制动机构和由其制动的旋转要素，在轴线方向可相互接近地配置着，另外可将第2电动机高旋转时的第1行星齿轮机构的行星齿轮差转速相对地减低。
另外，根据上述发明，由于将第7制动机构和第2行星齿轮机构在半径方向并排配置，所以，排列在轴方向的部件数目少，结果，可以缩短整个混合驱动装置的轴长，并且可减小第2行星齿轮机构的外径。
另外，根据上述发明，第2电动机用的变速机构，由于兼有作为内燃机与输出部件之间的所谓超速档机构的功能，所以，不必另外地设置在输出部件的转速为高转速时使内燃机转速相对降低的齿轮机构，结果，可以减少零部件数目，使整个混合驱动装置小型化。
另外，根据上述发明，即使不能用第1电动机进行连接机构的同步控制时，也可以用第2电动机使连接机构同步，所以，可防止或抑制将连接机构卡合或释放、变更驱动状态时的冲击。
附图说明
图1是示意地表示本发明混合驱动装置之一例的梗概图。
图2是说明其动力分配机构和变速机构工作的共线图。
图3是表示OD用离合器的同步状态的共线图。
图4是示意地表示本发明混合驱动装置之另一例的梗概图。
图5是示意地表示本发明混合驱动装置之另一例的梗概图。
图6是表示图5所示构造中的OD用离合器的同步状态的共线图。
图7是示意地表示本发明混合驱动装置之另一例的梗概图。
图8是示意地表示本发明混合驱动装置之另一例的梗概图。
图9是表示用第2电动发电机代替第1电动发电机，进行OD用离合器的同步控制时的工作状态变化的共线图。
具体实施方式
下面，用具体例说明本发明。图1是表示本发明第1具体例的图。这里所示的具体例中，作为动力装置，设置了内燃机(发动机：ENG)1和两个电动机2、3。内燃机1是汽油发动机、柴油发动机、或天然气发动机等、燃烧燃料而输出动力的动力装置。内燃机1，最好是能电控制节气门开度等的负载、并且通过对预定的负载控制转速而能将燃料利用率设定为最良好运转点的内燃机。在下面的说明中，将内燃机1称为发动机1。
另外，各电动机2、3，是具有作为发电机的功能、和作为电动机的功能中至少一方功能或两方功能的动力装置，例如是由永磁铁式同步电动机构成的电动发电机(MG1、MG2)。这些电动发电机2、3，通过控制其发电量、输出转矩的控制器，与蓄电池等的蓄电装置(图中均未示)连接着。另外，各电动发电机2、3，相互可授受电力地连接着。另外，第1电动发电机(MG1)2主要作为发电机工作，第2电动发电机(MG2)3主要作为电动机工作。
发动机1和第1电动发电机2，与动力分配机构4连接着，把发动机1输出的动力，分配给第1电动发电机2和输出部件。该动力分配机构4，备有连接着发动机1的旋转要素、连接着第1电动发电机2的旋转要素、和连接着输出部件的旋转要素这至少三个旋转要素，是由这些旋转要素进行差动作用的机构，作为一例，是由行星齿轮机构构成的。该行星齿轮机构，可以是单齿轮型行星齿轮机构和双齿轮型行星齿轮机构中的任一方。图1中，是表示由单齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成的例子。
即，动力分配机构4，具有作为外齿轮的太阳齿轮S4、与该太阳齿轮S4配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的齿圈R4、以及行星轮架C4这些旋转要素。行星轮架C4把与这些太阳齿轮S4及齿圈R4啮合着的行星齿轮可自转自如和公转自如地保持着。发动机1与该行星轮架C4连接着。另外，在发动机1与行星轮架C4之间，也可以夹设缓冲器、起步离合器或带锁止离合器的变矩器等。另外，第1电动发电机2与太阳齿轮S4连接着。输出部件与齿圈R4连接着。该输出部件，只要是能从动力分配机构4的输出要素中传递转矩的部件均可，图1所示例中，配置在与动力分配机构4的中心轴线同一轴线上的输出轴5成为输出部件。因此，动力分配机构4，借助其差动作用，根据第1电动发电机2的转速变化，使发动机1的转速变化。由于发动机1的转速这样地变化，所以，动力分配机构4也具有所谓的无级变速机(CVT)的功能。
以将动力施加到上述输出轴5上、并且施加再生制动力的方式设有第2电动发电机3。在该第2电动发电机3与输出轴5之间设有变速机构6。具体地说，第2电动发电机3，夹着上述动力分配机构4在上述发动机1的相反侧(输出轴5一侧)，与输出轴5配置在同一轴线上。另外，第2电动发电机3，是所谓的低转矩高旋转型，其外径比第1电动发电机2小。
变速机构6，备有二组行星齿轮机构，图1所示的构造中，备有由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成的第1行星齿轮机构7、和由单齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成的第2行星齿轮机构8。第1行星齿轮机构7，具有作为外齿轮的太阳齿轮S7、与该太阳齿轮S7配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的齿圈R7、和行星轮架C7这些旋转要素。行星轮架C7把与太阳齿轮S7啮合着的行星齿轮、和与该行星齿轮及齿圈R7啮合着的其它行星齿轮自转自如和公转自如地保持着。另外，第2行星齿轮机构8，具有作为外齿轮的太阳齿轮S8、与该太阳齿轮S8配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的齿圈R8、和行星轮架C8这些旋转要素。行星轮架C8把与这些太阳齿轮S8及齿圈R8啮合着的行星齿轮自转自如和公转自如地保持着。
这些行星齿轮机构7、8，以输出轴5的中心轴线为中心且相邻地配置着。各行星齿轮机构7、8的齿圈R7、R8，借助配置在这些行星齿轮机构7、8外周侧的圆筒状连接部件9相互连接着。另外，这些齿圈R7、R8借助连接部件9与输出轴5连接着。即，图1所示构造中，在各行星齿轮机构7、8的外周侧、换言之、在变速机构6的外周侧，只配置着连接部件9。结果，混合驱动装置中该部分的外径小，可以实现小径化。
另外，第1行星齿轮机构7中的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8中的太阳齿轮S8，相互一体旋转地连接着。各行星齿轮机构7、8，由于像这样齿圈R7、R8彼此、以及行星轮架C7和太阳齿轮S8连接着，所以被复合化，通过选择地制动其预定的旋转要素，就可以设定低速档和变速比小于该低速档的高速档。即，设有选择地制动第2行星齿轮机构8中的行星轮架C8的低速用制动器B lo、和选择地制动第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8的高速用制动器B hi。另外，该高速用制动器B hi相当于本发明的制动机构。
这些制动器B lo、B hi，只要能进行制动即可，可以采用湿式多片构造的制动器、带式制动器、爪形离合器等啮合式的制动器等。图1中是表示湿式多片构造的制动器。这些制动器B lo、B hi，在图1所示例中，从动力分配机构4侧起，以低速用制动器B lo、高速用制动器B hi的顺序，配置在动力分配机构4与第2电动发电机3之间。因此，低速用制动器B lo和上述第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8，通过与输出轴5同轴的第1中空轴10连接，另外，高速用制动器B hi和第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7及第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8，借助配置在第1中空轴10外周侧的第2中空轴11连接。
另外，设有OD用离合器Cod。该OD用离合器Cod把发动机1与变速机构6中的预定输入要素连接，在发动机1与输出轴5之间把变速比设定为比“1”小的超速档变速比(O/D变速比)。该OD用离合器Cod，把发动机1输出的动力，传递给变速机构6中的低速档的固定要素，由啮合式的离合机构、摩擦式的离合机构等构成。图1中，是表示由爪形离合机构构成的例子，在与上述第1中空轴10一体化的枢毂(hub)12的外周面，花键嵌合着套筒13。在轴线方向与该枢毂12相邻的位置，配置着与动力分配机构4中的行星轮架C4一体化的输入侧枢毂14。另外，该OD用离合器Cod相当于本发明的连接机构。
因此，OD用离合器Cod，通过将套筒13往图1的左侧移动，使其与各枢毂12、14卡合，这样，把行星轮架C4和第1中空轴10连接起来，即把发动机1和第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8连接起来。另外，通过将套筒13往图1的右侧移动，松开与输入侧枢毂14的卡合，这样，将发动机1与行星轮架C8的连接脱开。因此，在利用该OD用离合器Cod，脱开了发动机1与行星轮架C8的连接的状态、即释放状态，由于不产生拖拽扭矩，所以，动力损失减少。另外，套筒13的这样的前后动，可以用手动操作进行，另外，也可以用液压或电动等的适合的执行器进行。
下面说明上述图1所示混合驱动装置的作用。在释放上述OD用离合器Cod的所谓通常模式中，发动机1的动力被输入给动力分配机构4中的行星轮架C4，而第1电动发电机2的反作用转矩，作用在太阳齿轮S4上。这时，如果第1电动发电机2正转(与发动机1同方向的旋转)，则作为发电机使用。图2的(A)中，用对动力分配机构4的共线图表示该状态。另外，如果反转(与发动机1相反方向的旋转)，则作为电动机使用。这样，输入给太阳齿轮S4的反作用转矩和发动机1的转矩被合成，转矩从齿圈R4输出给输出轴5。
另外这时，由于动力分配机构4由行星齿轮机构构成，产生差动作用，所以，使第1电动发电机2的转速变化时，发动机1的转速就变化。因此，可以作为无级变速机(CVT)作用。
将第1电动发电机2作为发电机使用时，其电力被供给到第2电动发电机3，第2电动发电机3作为电动机起作用，输出动力。该动力通过变速机构6传递给输出轴5，其转矩根据由变速机构6设定的变速比被放大。即，如果使低速用制动器B lo卡合，将第2行星齿轮机构8中的行星轮架C8制动，则如图2(B)中关于变速机构6的共线图所示，变速机构6的变速比相对地增大，第2电动发电机3输出的转矩被放大后传递给输出轴5。另外，如果取代低速用制动器B lo，而使高速用制动器B hi卡合，将第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8制动，则如图2(B)所示，变速机构6的变速比相对地减小，将第2电动发电机3的输出转矩放大的程度小。
这样，在所谓的通常模式中，发动机1输出的动力的一部分，从动力分配机构4传递给输出轴5，其它的部分，随着通过各电动发电机2、3的电力变换，传递给输出轴5，动力借助这些机械传递和电传递，被传递到输出轴5。并且，由于可用第1电动发电机2，使发动机转速连续变化地进行控制，所以，可以使发动机1以燃料利用率良好的运转点动作。
另外，图1所示的混合驱动装置中，可以固定为所谓的超速档模式(OD模式)，该超速档模式中，输出轴5的转速相对于发动机转速是高转速，并且机械地传递动力。这要使上述的OD用离合器Cod成为卡合状态，将发动机1与第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8连接，并且使高速用制动器B hi卡合，将第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8制动。该状态，在图3中用关于动力分配机构4的共线图和关于变速机构6的共线图的合并线图表示。另外，上述OD用离合器Cod和高速用制动器B hi，相当于本发明的卡合机构。高速用制动器B hi相当于本发明中的第1制动机构。低速用制动器B lo相当于本发明的第2制动机构。OD用离合器Cod相当于本发明的第1离合机构。
如图3所示，OD模式中，发动机1的转速，是与输出轴5及第1电动发电机2的转速相应的转速，该发动机1的动力直接输入给第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8。第2行星齿轮机构8中，由于太阳齿轮S8被高速用制动器B hi制动，所以，齿圈R8以比行星轮架C8高的转速旋转，设定超速档变速比。即，输出轴5的转速相对于发动机转速，是高转速。因此，搭载着上述混合驱动装置的车辆在低负载高速行驶时，通过设定上述的OD模式，就可以使发动机转速相对地降低，进行燃料利用率良好的运转。另外，对输出轴5的动力传递，由于可以不伴随电力变换而机械地进行，所以，可抑制动力损失，在这一点上，也可实现燃料利用率良好的运转。
另外，使OD用离合器Cod卡合或释放(脱开)时，为了防止或抑制转速的急剧变化，最好进行同步控制。该同步控制，是使前述各枢毂12、14的转速、即发动机1和第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8的转速一致的控制。发动机转速，如前所述，可由第1电动发电机2控制。因此，如图3所示，控制第1电动发电机2的转速，以使发动机1的转速与第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8的转速一致或相近。当在该状态使OD用离合器Cod卡合、切换为OD模式时，或者将OD用离合器Cod释放、切换为通常模式时，可以防止或抑制随着运转模式的切换而产生的冲击。
下面，参照图4说明本发明的另一具体例。图4所示例，改变了上述图1所示变速机构6的构造，第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8，不与第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7连接，而是与太阳齿轮S7连接，随之，第2电动发电机3与第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7连接。其它的构造与图1所示构造相同，图4中注以与图1相同的标记，其说明从略。
根据该构造，将第1行星齿轮机构7的太阳齿轮S7与第2中空轴11连接，可以使各太阳齿轮S7、S8同轴化，结果，可将其直径相对地减小，可实现变速机构6的小型化。另外，图4所示那样构成的高速用制动器B hi，相当于本发明的第3制动机构，低速用制动器B lo相当于本发明的第4制动机构。另外，图4所示那样构成的OD用离合器Cod，相当于本发明的第2离合机构。该OD用离合器Cod和高速用制动器B hi，相当于本发明的卡合机构。
图5表示本发明混合驱动装置的另一例。该图5所示例，相对于图1或图4的构造，把构成变速机构6的第1行星齿轮机构7和第2行星齿轮机构8的轴线方向的位置作了交换，并且，变更了制动器B lo、B hi的轴线方向的位置。即，从第2电动发电机3起，高速用制动器B hi和低速用制动器B lo依次配置在第2电动发电机3与变速机构6之间。
另外，变速机构6中，第2行星齿轮机构8配置在第2电动发电机3侧(发动机1侧)，在其相反侧，配置着第1行星齿轮机构7。第2行星齿轮机构8的齿圈R8与输出轴5连接着。另外，第1行星齿轮机构7的齿圈R7和第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8相互一体旋转地连接着，并且，一方面与OD用离合器Cod连接，另一方面与低速用制动器Blo连接。另外，第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8相互一体旋转地连接着，并且它们与高速用制动器B hi连接着。其它的构造与图1或图4所示构造相同，图5中注以与这些图相同的标记，其说明从略。
因此，图5所示那样构成的OD用离合器Cod，相当于本发明的第3离合机构，高速用制动器B hi相当于本发明的第5制动机构，低速用制动器B lo相当于本发明的第6制动机构。另外，该OD用离合器Cod和高速用制动器B hi，相当于本发明的卡合机构。
图5所示构造中，与前述图1或图4所示构造同样地，可利用变速机构6设定OD模式，所以，所用的行星齿轮机构的数目减少，可以使混合驱动装置的整体构造小型化，另外，可提高车载性。另外，由于把第2电动发电机3配置在发动机1侧，所以，可减小与发动机1相反侧的部分中的外径。因此，对于前置发动机后轮驱动式车辆那样的、因车室地板的构造而使车室空间受到限制的车辆，可提高其搭载性。另外，由于可将各行星齿轮机构7、8和各制动器B hi、B lo接近配置，所以，能够缩短将各制动器B hi、B lo和由它们制动的旋转要素连接起来的轴(或相当于臂的部分)。
另外，图6是表示使图5所示构造中的OD用离合器Cod同步状态的共线图。标记δ1r是第1行星齿轮机构7中的太阳齿轮的齿数与内侧行星齿轮(インナ一ピニオン)的齿数之比(太阳齿轮齿数/内侧行星齿轮齿数)。另外，标记P1r表示共线图上的内侧行星齿轮。从图6可知，图5所示构造中，由于δ1f小，所以，即使第2电动发电机3以最高转速旋转，行星齿轮的差转速(内侧行星齿轮自转转速与行星轮架转速的转速差)，也在容许转速以下。结果，可抑制各行星齿轮机构7、8或变速机构6的耐久性降低，或者可提高其耐久性。
图7表示在上述图5所示构造中，以将全长缩短的方式变更了排列的例子。图7所示例中，构成变速机构6的第1行星齿轮机构7和第2行星齿轮机构8的轴线方向的位置，是将图5所示构造中位置进行了交换，随之，低速用制动器B lo配置在第2行星齿轮机构8的外周侧，第2行星齿轮机构8夹着第1行星齿轮机构7配置在第2电动发电机3的相反侧。另外，包含各旋转要素、旋转部件的连接关系的其它构造，与图5所示构造相同。在图7中注以与图5相同的标记，其说明从略。另外，图7所示那样构成的OD用离合器Cod，相当于本发明的第4离合机构，低速用制动器B lo相当于本发明的第7制动机构，高速用制动器B hi相当于本发明的第8制动机构。图7所示构造中的OD用离合器Cod和高速用制动器Bhi，相当于本发明的卡合机构。
因此，根据图7所示构造的混合驱动装置，除了具有与前述图5所示构造同样的作用效果外，由于将低速用制动器B lo在半径方向错开地配置在第2行星齿轮机构8的外周侧，所以，在轴线方向并排排列的部件数目减少，结果，可以缩短整个混合驱动装置的全长。
另外，本发明中的变速机构6，可以用二组双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成。图8表示该例。这里所示的例中，在输出轴5的外周侧，沿轴线方向并排地配置了二组双齿轮型行星齿轮机构。这些行星齿轮机构之中，把靠近第2电动发电机3的行星齿轮机构，作为第1行星齿轮机构7，把其相反侧的行星齿轮机构，作为第3行星齿轮机构18来说明。
该第3行星齿轮机构18，与第1行星齿轮机构7同样地，备有作为外齿轮的太阳齿轮S18、与该太阳齿轮S18配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的齿圈R18、和行星轮架C18这些旋转要素。行星轮架C18，把与太阳齿轮S18啮合着的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及齿圈R18啮合着的其它行星齿轮，自转自如和公转自如地保持着。
第1行星齿轮机构7中的行星轮架C7和第3行星齿轮机构18中的齿圈R18，相互一体旋转地连接着，并且它们与输出轴5连接着。另外，太阳齿轮S7、S18相互连接着并同轴化，它们与高速用制动器B hi连接着。另外，该高速用制动器B hi配置在第2电动发电机3与变速机构6之间。另外，第1行星齿轮机构7中的齿圈R7，通过第1中空轴10与OD用离合器Cod连接着。其它的构造与图1所示构造相同。图8中，注以与图1相同的标记，其说明从略。因此，图8那样构成的OD用离合器Cod，相当于本发明中的第5离合机构，高速用制动器B hi相当于第9制动机构，低速用制动器B lo相当于第10制动机构。图8所示构造中的OD用离合器Cod和高速用制动器B hi，相当于本发明中的卡合机构。
因此，图8所示构造，也与图1或图4或图5、图7所示构造同样地，可利用变速机构6设定OD模式，所以，可提高低负载高车速时的燃料利用率，同时可实现整体构造的小型化，提高车载性。
上述任一个具体例中，都可用第1电动发电机2来控制发动机1的转速，所以，用于使OD用离合器Cod同步的转速控制，由第1电动发电机2进行。但是，当第1电动发电机2的温度升高、或者来自蓄电装置的输出有限制、或者当失效等限制条件成立时，不能用第1电动发电机2来进行对OD用离合器Cod的同步控制。这时，本发明的混合驱动装置中，要如下述地进行同步控制。
图9是表示进行该同步控制时的动作状态变化的共线图。图9(A)表示在通常模式中，变速机构6被设定为高速档的状态。在该状态，高速用制动器Bhi卡合，例如图7所示的第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8被制动而固定住。另外，通常，发动机1的转速与第1行星齿轮机构7的齿圈R7及第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8的转速不一致，OD用离合器Cod不同步。
在该状态，不能控制第1电动发电机2的转速时，不能用第1电动发电机2来变更发动机转速，所以，为了得到OD用离合器Cod的同步，先要释放高速用制动器B hi。图9(B)表示该状态。这样，在保持着作为输出要素的第2行星齿轮机构8的齿圈R8或与其连接着的输出轴5的转速的状态，使第2电动发电机3和与其连接着的第1行星齿轮机构7的太阳齿轮S7的转速变化，可以使第1行星齿轮机构7的齿圈R7和与其成一体的第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8的转速变化。
于是，例如如图9(C)所示，使第2电动发电机3的转速变化，使第1行星齿轮机构7的齿圈R7和与其成一体的第2行星齿轮机构8的行星轮架C8的转速，接近发动机转速。这样，在旋转同步成立的时刻，更具体地说，在OD用离合器Cod中的各枢毂12、14的转速一致、或者其转速差在预定值以下的时刻，将套筒13往图7左方移动，使OD用离合器Cod卡合。因此，几乎不产生因OD用离合器Cod的卡合而导致的转速的变化，所以可防止冲击。
接着，将第2电动发电机3的转速变化，使得由高速用制动器B hi制动的第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和与其成一体的第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8的转速成为零。图9(D)表示该状态。然后，在第1行星齿轮机构7的行星轮架C7和与其成一体的第2行星齿轮机构8的太阳齿轮S8的转速约成为零的状态，使高速用制动器Bhi卡合，设定OD模式。这样，使OD用离合器Cod、高速用制动器B hi卡合时，几乎不产生转速变化，也不产生由转速变化而引起的转矩变化，所以，可以防止或抑制冲击。另外，可以从图未示的电子控制装置向上述控制器输出指令信号，控制各电动发电机2、3的转速、转矩，另外，控制各制动器B hi、B lo、OD用离合器Cod的执行器，这样，来执行该同步控制。

Claims (13)

1.一种混合驱动装置，备有动力分配机构和变速机构；上述动力分配机构把内燃机输出的动力，分配给第1电动机和输出部件；上述变速机构在该输出部件与第2电动机之间能够传递转矩地配置，且能够设定使上述输出部件的转速比预定输入要素的转速高的超速档变速比；其特征在于，
还备有卡合机构，该卡合机构将上述内燃机有选择地与上述变速机构中的上述输入要素连接，并且将上述变速机构设定为超速档变速比。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述变速机构，备有任一旋转要素彼此连接着的第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构这二组行星齿轮机构。
3.如权利要求2所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述第1行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第1太阳齿轮、相对于该第1太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第1齿圈、和第1行星轮架，该第1行星轮架保持与上述第1太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第1齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第2行星齿轮机构，由单齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该单齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第2太阳齿轮、相对于该第2太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第2齿圈、和第2行星轮架，该第2行星轮架保持与上述第2太阳齿轮及上述第2齿圈啮合的行星齿轮。
4.如权利要求3所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构，相邻地配置在同一轴线上，并且，在这些行星齿轮机构的外周侧只配置着连接部件，该连接部件将各自的齿圈彼此连接且将这些齿圈与上述输出部件连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，并且，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第1离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第1制动机构；
另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第2行星轮架的第2制动机构。
6.如权利要求4所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1太阳齿轮和第2太阳齿轮相互连接着而被同轴化。
7.如权利要求6所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第2电动机与上述第1行星轮架连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述第2行星轮架和上述内燃机有选择地连接的第2离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1太阳齿轮和第2太阳齿轮的第3制动机构；
另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第2行星轮架的第4制动机构。
8.如权利要求2所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1行星齿轮机构和第2行星齿轮机构相邻、并与上述第2电动机配置在同一轴线上；
还备有第5制动机构和第6制动机构，上述第5制动机构制动这些行星齿轮机构中的任一旋转要素，设定上述超速档变速比；上述第6制动机构制动其它的旋转要素，设定比上述超速档变速比大的变速比；
这些第5制动机构和第6制动机构，配置在上述第2电动机与上述各行星齿轮机构之间。
9.如权利要求3所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第1齿圈和上述第2行星轮架相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着，并且，上述第2齿圈与输出部件连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第3离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第5制动机构；
另外，还设有有选择地制动上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架的第6制动机构。
10.如权利要求3所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，还备有有选择地制动上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架的第7制动机构，该第7制动机构配置在上述第2行星齿轮机构的外周侧。
11.如权利要求10所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，上述第1齿圈和第2行星轮架相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮相互一体旋转地连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第1太阳齿轮连接着，并且，上述第2齿圈与上述输出部件连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含有选择地制动上述第1行星轮架和第2太阳齿轮的第8制动机构、和将上述第1齿圈及第2行星轮架有选择地与上述内燃机连接的第4离合机构。
12.如权利要求2所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述第1行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第1太阳齿轮、相对于该第1太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第1齿圈、和第1行星轮架，该第1行星轮架保持与上述第1太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第1齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第2行星齿轮机构，由双齿轮型行星齿轮机构构成，该双齿轮型行星齿轮机构，具有作为外齿轮的第3太阳齿轮、相对于该第3太阳齿轮配置在同心圆上的作为内齿轮的第3齿圈、和第3行星轮架，该第3行星轮架保持与上述第3太阳齿轮啮合的行星齿轮、以及与该行星齿轮及上述第3齿圈啮合的其它行星齿轮；
上述第1行星轮架和上述第3齿圈一体旋转地相互连接着，并且这些第1行星轮架和第3齿圈与上述输出部件连接着，上述第2电动机与上述第3行星轮架连接着；
上述卡合机构，包含将上述内燃机和上述第1齿圈有选择地连接的第5离合机构、和有选择地制动上述第1太阳齿轮和第3太阳齿轮的第9制动机构；
还设有有选择地制动上述第1齿圈的第10制动机构。
13.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述卡合机构，包含将上述内燃机和上述输入要素有选择地连接的连接机构、和制动机构；
上述变速机构，包含上述输入要素、与上述第2电动机连接着的旋转要素、与上述输出部件连接着的其它的旋转要素、和由上述制动机构有选择地制动的另外其它的旋转要素；
还备有下述机构，该机构在用上述连接机构将上述内燃机和上述输入要素连接时不能控制上述第1电动机的转速的情况下，释放上述制动机构，并且由上述第2电动机控制上述输入要素的转速，进行上述连接机构的同步控制。
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CN110395102A (zh) * 2018-04-25 2019-11-01 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 一种行星混联系统及使用该系统的车辆
CN110395102B (zh) * 2018-04-25 2024-04-19 宇通客车股份有限公司 一种行星混联系统及使用该系统的车辆

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WO2008075760A1 (ja) 2008-06-26
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CN101563252B (zh) 2013-11-06
DE112007003076T5 (de) 2009-10-08

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