CN103223855A - 用于汽车的混合动力传动系 - Google Patents

用于汽车的混合动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN103223855A
CN103223855A CN2013100271225A CN201310027122A CN103223855A CN 103223855 A CN103223855 A CN 103223855A CN 2013100271225 A CN2013100271225 A CN 2013100271225A CN 201310027122 A CN201310027122 A CN 201310027122A CN 103223855 A CN103223855 A CN 103223855A
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switchover element
switchover
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gear
power path
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CN103223855B (zh
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P·齐默
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/264—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with outer rotor and inner stator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/266—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with two coaxial motors or generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/088—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
    • F16H2037/0886—Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft with switching means, e.g. to change ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0065—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising nine forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/201—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with three sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2046—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with six engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于汽车的混合动力传动系。本发明涉及一种变速器，该变速器包括一个变速器输入轴（4）和一个变速器输出轴（5）和两个功率路径（L1、L2），这两个功率路径位于变速器输入轴和主齿轮组（HRS）之间，主齿轮组具有四个按转速顺序被称为第一、第二、第三和第四轴的轴（W1、W2、W3、W4），至少一个电机（EM1）与主齿轮组（HRS）的各轴（W1、W2、W3、W4）之一连接，第一轴（W1）能通过第一切换元件（C）与第一功率路径（L1）连接以及能通过第二切换元件（B）与第二功率路径（L2）连接，第二轴（W2）能通过第三切换元件（D）与第一功率路径连接并且能通过第四切换元件（E）与第二功率路径连接，第三轴（W3）与变速器输出轴（5）永久地连接，第四轴（W4）能通过第六切换元件（F）固定以及能通过第五切换元件（A）与第一功率路径连接。

Description

用于汽车的混合动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速器，该变速器包括一个变速器输入轴和一个变速器输出轴和两个功率路径，这两个功率路径位于变速器输入轴与一个由两个单行星齿轮组构成的主齿轮组之间，所述主齿轮组具有四个按转速顺序被称为第一、第二、第三和第四轴的轴，其中，所述两个功率路径中的第一功率路径具有第一固定传动比并且所述两个功率路径中的第二功率路径具有第二固定传动比，第二固定传动比小于第一固定传动比。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于汽车的混合动力传动系，该混合动力传动系包括至少一个内燃机和至少一个电机。
背景技术
开头所提类型的变速器例如由EP0434525A1已知。在这种已知的具有五个换挡元件的变速器中实现六个前进挡和一个倒挡，这些换挡元件的选择性的成对接合在变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴之间产生不同的传动比。
此外，由本申请人的专利申请DE102010028026还已知了一种包括一个内燃机和多个电机的混合动力传动系。在该混合动力传动系中使用具有分变速器的齿轮变速器，这些分变速器分别具有一个可切换的挡位。除了在同轴的驱动端和从动端时的一个直接挡外，存在于分变速器中的可切换的挡位分别由恰好一个单变速器、如一个圆柱齿轮对或一个行星传动机构产生。据此，具有同轴从动端的九挡中间轴式变速器对于这九个挡将需要至少九个形式为九个圆柱齿轮对的单变速器。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务在于，利用一种多挡变速器减小上述类型的混合动力传动系所需的构造耗费。
根据本发明，该任务借助一种开头所提类型的变速器以下述方式解决：至少一个电机与主齿轮组的其中一个轴连接，其中，第一轴能通过一个第一切换元件与第一功率路径连接以及能通过一个第二切换元件与第二功率路径连接，第二轴能通过一个第三切换元件与第一功率路径连接以及能通过一个第四切换元件与第二功率路径连接，第三轴与变速器输出轴永久地连接，第四轴能通过一个第六切换元件固定以及能通过一个第五切换元件与第一功率路径或第二功率路径连接。
根据本发明的解决方案的突出之处主要在于显著减小且简化的结构，由此也能实现在整体重量和所需安装空间方面的优化。每两个切换元件能借助一个双作用的致动器交替地操纵。在此，第一切换元件的闭合能引起第二切换元件的打开。所有在本文件中提到的切换元件能优选构成为形锁合的切换元件、例如牙嵌式切换元件、特别是牙嵌式离合器或牙嵌式制动器。根据本发明的变速器的另一优点在于，所使用的切换元件不需要同步装置，因为切换元件的同步能通过电机和内燃机在无负载状态中进行。此外，电机能用作转速传感器（求解器）。在此，在驱动端和从动端上可通过在电机上始终确定的转速在挡位传动路线之内和之外避免行星齿轮组上不确定的转速状态。此外，在借助内燃机行驶时也能通过电机进行动力换挡。
所使用的行星齿轮传动机构优选构成为负传动比行星齿轮组。一个单级的负传动比行星齿轮组包括一个太阳轮、一个齿圈和一个行星架，行星齿轮可转动地支承在该行星架上，这些行星齿轮分别与太阳轮和齿圈啮合。由此，齿圈在行星架固定时具有与太阳轮相反的转动方向。与此相反地，一个单级的正传动比行星齿轮组包括一个太阳轮、一个齿圈和一个行星架，内侧和外侧的行星齿轮可转动地支承在该行星架上，其中，所有内侧的行星齿轮与太阳轮啮合并且所有外侧的行星齿轮与齿圈啮合，每个内侧的行星齿轮与各一个外侧的行星齿轮啮合。由此，齿圈在行星架固定时具有与太阳轮相同的旋转方向。但根据本发明，当替换行星架和齿圈连接并且同时行星齿轮组的固定传动比的值与作为负传动比行星齿轮组的实施方式相比增加了1时，负传动比行星齿轮组也能被正传动比行星齿轮组代替。
本发明的一种特别有利的、通过电机实现起动、开动、倒转、助力、回收以及动力换挡的变型方案规定，电机永久地或可接入和可断开地、直接或通过传动机构连接到主齿轮组的第一轴上。另一优点可在于，无需单独的倒挡。
本发明的一种所需切换元件数量较少就足够并且在顺序切换方式中避免双切换的实施形式规定，通过所述六个切换元件的选择性的成对接合可实现十个前进挡，其中，这十个前进挡中的九个前进挡是能动力换挡的且是能以非成组切换的方式切换的，
其中，第一前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件和第一切换元件产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件和第二切换元件产生，第三前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件和第三切换元件产生，第四前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件和第二切换元件产生，第九前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件和第四切换元件产生，并且另一挡通过闭合第六切换元件和第四切换元件产生，
其中，在第四轴能通过第五切换元件与第一功率路径连接的情况下，第五前进挡优选通过闭合第三切换元件和第五切换元件产生或通过闭合第五切换元件和第一切换元件产生或通过闭合第一切换元件和第三切换元件产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件和第五切换元件产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第四切换元件和第五切换元件产生，第八前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件和第四切换元件产生；
在第四轴能通过第五切换元件与第二功率路径连接的情况下，第五前进挡优选通过闭合第一切换元件和第三切换元件产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件和第三切换元件产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件和第一切换元件产生并且第八前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件和第四切换元件产生或通过闭合第二切换元件和第四切换元件产生或通过闭合第二切换元件和第五切换元件产生。
一种有利的实施方式规定，变速器输出轴同轴于变速器输入轴设置，其中，第二功率路径包括用于发出比变速器输入轴转速更大的转速的增速行星齿轮组，其中，增速行星齿轮组的第一轴是固定的并且增速行星齿轮组的第二轴能与变速器输入轴永久地或通过一个第七切换元件连接，第二切换元件和第四切换元件连接在增速行星齿轮组的第三轴上，第一功率路径为直接传动。
优选地，增速行星齿轮组构成为包括太阳轮、行星架和齿圈的负传动比齿轮组，其中，太阳轮是固定的，行星架可与变速器输入轴永久地或通过第七切换元件可松脱地连接并且第二切换元件和第四切换元件连接到齿圈上。
根据一种特别有利的构造方案，该构造方案的特点为在切换元件和行星齿轮组中存在的力矩较小，主齿轮组的第一轴与主齿轮组的第一单行星齿轮组的太阳轮连接，主齿轮组的第二轴与主齿轮组的第二单行星齿轮组的齿圈连接，主齿轮组的第三轴与主齿轮组的第一单行星齿轮组的行星架和第二单行星齿轮组的行星架连接，并且主齿轮组的第四轴与主齿轮组的第二单行星齿轮组的太阳轮和第一单行星齿轮组的齿圈连接。本发明的该变型方案由于施加在切换元件和行星齿轮组中的较小的力矩允许节省空间的尺寸确定。
为了以尽可能小的轴向结构空间就足够而可以规定，主齿轮组的所述两个单齿轮组径向相互嵌套地设置，其中，第二单齿轮组的太阳轮和第一单齿轮组的齿圈构造为一个唯一的元件。
根据本发明，上述任务也可借助一种开头所提类型的混合动力传动系以下述方式来解决，即，该混合动力传动系具有根据权利要求1至7之一所述的变速器。
根据本发明的另一种实施形式，可设有至少一个与内燃机直接地或通过传动机构连接的或能通过至少一个第八切换元件可松脱地连接的第二电机，该第二电机优选为起动机或起动机-发电机的形式。在本发明的该变型方案中产生下述优点：通过打开第八切换元件可在所有挡位中实现纯电动的、可动力换挡的行驶运行。另外的与该实施形式相联系的优点在于，产生与电池大小无关的系统，因为进行内燃机－电动机驱动行驶是可能的。尤其是在从第一挡到第二挡或从第二挡到第三挡升挡时发电机运行可用于制动内燃机。
一种特别简单且节省空间的构造以下述方式产生：第一切换元件和第二切换元件、和/或第三切换元件和第四切换元件、和/或第五切换元件和第六切换元件、和/或第七切换元件和第八切换元件可相应地通过一个双作用的致动器操纵。
附图说明
下面借助附图中所示的一些非限制性的实施例详细说明本发明连同其它优点。图中示意性地：
图1示出根据本发明的具有根据本发明变速器的混合动力传动系的第一种实施形式的变速器示意图；
图2示出根据本发明的变速器的转速图表；
图3示出图1和2所示变速器的换挡示意图；
图4示出根据本发明的具有根据本发明变速器的混合动力传动系的第二种实施形式的变速器示意图；以及
图5示出图4中所示混合动力传动系的换挡示意图。
具体实施方式
首先要指出，在不同描述的实施形式中相同部件使用相同附图标记或相同构件名称，其中，在全部说明书中包含的公开内容能够按意义转到具有相同附图标记或相同构件名称的相同部件上。
按照图1，一个根据本发明的用于汽车的混合动力传动系包括一个内燃机1和至少一个电机EM1。此外，可设置一个用于电机EM1的控制装置2和一个电蓄能器3。
该混合动力传动系包括一个根据本发明的、具有一个变速器输入轴4和一个变速器输出轴5的变速器。为了在内燃机1和变速器之间减振，可设置一个扭转减振器6。此外，可设有一个例如以起动机或起动机-发电机形式的第二电机EM2。在输出侧也可设置一个轮间差速器和/或轴间差速器。
如由图1和图2可见，在变速器输入轴4和一个由两个单行星齿轮组P2、P3构成的主齿轮组HRS之间实现两个功率路径L1和L2。这两个功率路径L1和L2是用于由变速器输入轴4发出的转速的两个不同的传递路径。第一功率路径L1具有第一固定传动比i1并且第二功率路径L2具有第二固定传动比i2，其中，第二固定传动比i2小于第一固定传动比i1。
主齿轮组HRS具有四个按转速顺序、即根据其在转速平面图中的顺序被称为第一、第二、第三和第四轴的可转动的轴W1、W2、W3、W4。第一轴W1可通过一个第一切换元件C与第一功率路径L1连接以及可通过一个第二切换元件B与第二功率路径L2连接。第二轴W2可通过一个第三切换元件D与第一功率路径L1连接以及可通过一个第四切换元件E与第二功率路径L2连接。第三轴W3与变速器输出轴5永久地连接。在此应指出，在本文中概念“永久”和“固定”或“抗旋转”被用为同义词。第四轴W4可通过一个第六切换元件F固定以及如图1中所示可通过一个第五切换元件A与第一功率路径L1连接。
主齿轮组HRS的第一轴W1可与主齿轮组HRS的第一单行星齿轮组P2的太阳轮SO2连接，其中，主齿轮组HRS的第二轴W2与主齿轮组HRS的第二单行星齿轮组P3的齿圈HO3连接。主齿轮组HRS的第三轴W3可与主齿轮组HRS的第一单行星齿轮组P2的行星架ST2和第二单行星齿轮组P3的行星架ST3连接。而主齿轮组HRS的第四轴W4与主齿轮组HRS的第二单行星齿轮组P3的太阳轮SO3和第一单行星齿轮组P2的齿圈HO2连接。
主齿轮组HRS的所述两个单齿轮组P2、P3可径向相互嵌套地设置，其中，第二单齿轮组P3的太阳轮SO3和第一单齿轮组P2的齿圈HO2构成为一个唯一的元件。这种结构方式尤其适合于具有前置横向驱动装置（具有横向于汽车纵轴线设置的驱动马达的前置驱动装置）的汽车。
由行星齿轮传动机构P2和P3形成的主齿轮组HRS也可构造成拉威娜结构方式。在此，切换元件B和C将设定作为与主齿轮组HRS的第一行星齿轮传动机构P2的太阳轮SO2的连接，以及切换元件A和F将设定作为与主齿轮组HRS的第二行星齿轮传动机构P3的太阳轮SO3的连接，以及切换元件D和E将设定作为与共同的行星架ST2、ST3的连接，并且从动端将设定作为与共同的齿圈HO2、HO3的连接。
主齿轮组HRS也可按辛普森结构方式实现。但在此具有一个分开的太阳轮和一个长的行星齿轮的结构方式将有利于可将切换元件E和D连接到不包括其他耦联装置的行星架ST2上。切换元件B和C将可连接到（分开的）太阳轮上并且切换元件A和F可连接到不包括其他耦联装置的齿圈HO3上。输出端将通过与齿圈HO2耦联的行星架ST3实现。
电机EM1可永久地连接到主齿轮组HRS的第一轴W1上。但作为永久连接的备选方案，电机EM1也能可接通和可断开地、直接或通过传动机构、尤其是通过皮带传动机构、链传动机构、圆柱齿轮传动机构或行星齿轮传动机构连接到第一轴W1上。原则上，电机EM1也能可切换地连接在第二轴W2和第四轴W4之间。也可能的是，将电机EM1仅连接在第二轴W2上并且为此附加地将另一电机连接在第四轴W4上用来保证可动力换挡性。
变速器输出轴5优选同轴于变速器输入轴4设置，其中，第二功率路径L2可包括一个前置齿轮组，该前置齿轮组的形式为用于发出比变速器输入轴4转速更大的转速的增速行星齿轮组P1。
增速行星齿轮组P1的第一轴WVS1在此是固定的并且增速行星齿轮组P1的第二轴WVS2如图1中所示地可与变速器输入轴4永久地连接或如图4所示地可通过一个第七切换元件K1与变速器输入轴4连接。
第二切换元件B和第四切换元件E连接在增速行星齿轮组P1的第三轴WVS3上，并且第一功率路径L1为直接传动。
根据所示的实施形式，增速行星齿轮组P1可构造为包括一个太阳轮SO1、一个行星架ST1和一个齿圈HO1的负传动比齿轮组。太阳轮SO1是固定的，而行星架ST1与变速器输入轴4永久地或通过第七切换元件K1可松脱地可连接。第二切换元件B和第四切换元件E连接到齿圈HO1上。
在此还应指出，第一功率路径L1也可构造为用于发出比变速器输入轴4转速更小的转速的减速行星齿轮组P1。在此情况下，第一轴WVS1可固定。在这里，第一切换元件C和第二切换元件D连接在第二轴WVS2上，而第三轴与变速器输入轴4永久地连接或通过切换元件K1连接。第二功率路径L2在此情况下构造为直接传动。如果在此例如第五切换元件A连接在第二功率路径L2上、即在驱动装置上，则在一个构造为正传动比齿轮组的减速行星齿轮组P1中，太阳轮SO1是固定的并且第一切换元件C和第三切换元件D连接在齿圈HO1上，其中，行星架ST1可与变速器输入轴4永久地连接或通过一个切换元件K1可松脱地连接。为了建立可连接性，可能需要分开地构造齿圈HO1。这例如当第一功率路径L1构成为减速行星齿轮组P1并且同时第五切换元件A连接在第一功率路径L1上时是需要的。
通过变速器的所述六个切换元件A、B、C、D、E、F的选择性的成对啮合实现十个前进挡，其中，这十个前进挡中的九个前进挡是可动力换挡的并且是能以非成组切换的方式切换的。在这方面概念“能以非成组切换的方式切换”被理解为切换到下一更高或下一更低挡时仅一个切换元件打开并且另一个切换元件闭合。
由图2所示的转速图表或者说转速平面图可看出在通过切换元件A、B、C、D、E、F的选择性接合所实现的挡位和每个轴W1、W2、W3、W4的传动比之间的关系。在各个轴W1、W2、W3、W4上，在竖直方向上标出转速比。各轴之间的水平距离通过传动比得出，从而可通过直线连接属于某一确定运行点的转速比。在某一确定的驱动转速下，主齿轮组HRS的九条运行线表示九个前进挡中的转速比。
从图3可得出对于图1中所示多挡变速器的示例性的换挡示意图。为每个挡闭合两个切换元件。由该换挡示意图可示例性地得出各个挡位的相应传动比和待由其确定的向下一更高挡的速比间隔，其中，变速器具有6.6的速比范围。由图3可见，在顺序切换方式中能避免双切换或成组切换，因为两个相邻挡位共同使用一个切换元件。在当前情况下构造成负传动比行星齿轮组的行星齿轮传动机构P1、P2、P3的固定传动比的典型值对于P1为-1.8、对于P2为-2.8、对于P3为-1.5。
第一前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件F和第一切换元件C产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件F和第二切换元件B产生，第三前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件F和第三切换元件D产生，第四前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件D和第二切换元件B产生。
对于第四轴W4可通过第五切换元件A与第一功率路径L1连接的情况，第五前进挡优选通过闭合第三切换元件D和第五切换元件A产生或通过闭合第五切换元件A和第一切换元件C产生或通过闭合第一切换元件C和第三切换元件D产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件B和第五切换元件A产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第四切换元件E和第五切换元件A产生，第八前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件B和第四切换元件E产生。
对于第四轴W4可通过第五切换元件A与第二功率路径L2连接的情况，第五前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件C和第三切换元件D产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件A和第三切换元件D产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件A和第一切换元件C产生并且第八前进挡优选通过闭合第五切换元件A和第四切换元件E产生或通过闭合第二切换元件B和第四切换元件E产生或通过闭合第二切换元件B和第五切换元件A产生。
在上述所有情况中，第九前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件C和第四切换元件E产生，并且另一挡通过闭合第六切换元件F和第四切换元件E产生。
如由图4可得出，以起动机或起动机-发电机形式的第二电机EM2能通过一个第八切换元件K0与内燃机1连接。对此备选地，第二电机EM2也可与内燃机1永久地连接。
从图5可得出图4中所示混合动力传动系的示例性换挡示意图。在电动行驶运行中为每个也可动力换挡的挡闭合三个切换元件，而切换元件K0打开。在切换元件K0闭合并且切换元件K1打开时产生内燃机－电动机行驶运行。能由该换挡示意图示例性得出各个挡位的相应传动比和要由其确定的向下一更高挡的速比间隔，其中，变速器具有6.6的速比范围。由图5同样可见，在顺序切换方式中能避免双切换或成组切换，因为两个相邻的挡位共同使用一个切换元件。
在此也应指出，在本发明所有所描述的实施形式中，切换元件A、B、C、D、E以及切换元件K0、K1优选构造成牙嵌式离合器，而切换元件F构成为牙嵌式制动器。在本发明所有实施形式中，第一切换元件C与第二切换元件B、和/或第三切换元件D与第四切换元件E、和/或第五切换元件A与第六切换元件F、和/或第七切换元件K1与第八切换元件K0可相应地通过一个双作用的致动器操纵。因此每一对切换元件可通过一个唯一的致动器操纵。由此简化了构造并能降低所需的结构空间和制造成本。
纯电动的行驶运行通过闭合第六切换元件F和打开第一、第二、第三、第四和第五切换元件A、B、C、D、E产生。
如图3和5中所示的换挡示意图可得出，在借助内燃机的行驶时动力换挡通过电机EM1在切换元件F闭合（从第一挡到第二挡和从第二挡到第三挡的切换过程）或在切换元件A闭合（例如在从第六挡切换到第七挡时）的情况下在电动运行中以及在切换元件D闭合（从第三挡到第四挡并从第四挡到第五挡的切换过程）或切换元件E闭合（例如在从第八挡切换到第九挡的换挡时）的情况下在发电机运行中进行，其中，除了切换元件F闭合的情况外，内燃机1处于负载下。
在纯电动的行驶运行中利用闭合的构造成牙嵌式制动器的切换元件F在牵引力不中断的情况下也能接通内燃机1。内燃机1能在先前的同步后无牵引力中断地被接通在一至第三挡中以及在通过闭合第六切换元件F和第二切换元件E产生的挡中。
为了在纯电动的行驶运行期间起动内燃机1，可脱开切换元件F并且优选可将切换元件B或切换元件C在先前的同步后闭合，以便充分利用构成前置齿轮组的第一行星齿轮传动机构P1的传动比。接着可通过电机起动内燃机1。之后可以将牙嵌式制动器F在先前的同步后重新闭合并且在第一挡（C和F闭合）或第二挡（B和F闭合）中可以借助内燃机继续行驶。当然，在所有其它挡中，其中也包括在换挡逻辑中未提到的挡（E和F闭合）中，也能在相应的同步后以内燃机借助内燃机继续行驶。
由图3和5还可看出，同样可以在一个挡中进行纯电动行驶（前进起动/后退起动）。根据总传动比和电机的转速极限，能达到显著超过60km/h的速度。
在根据本发明的混合动力传动系中，也能简单的方式集成一个驻车锁止器。为此例如能在停车时挂上第一挡。驻车锁止器能由此松开，即，通过电机产生克服下坡从动力的力矩并且切换元件C能无负载地脱开，以便然后能够电动起动。
各实施例示出根据本发明的变速器或混合动力传动系的可能的变型方案，其中在此应注意，本发明不局限于特别示出的实施方案。此外，各个实施方案彼此间的不同组合是可能的，其中，这些变型可能性基于本发明技术方案所给出的技术手段上的教导在本领域技术人员的能力之内。
附图标记列表
1        内燃机
2        控制装置
3        电蓄能器
4        变速器输入轴
5        变速器输出轴
6        扭转元件
EM1      第一电机
EM2      第二电机
P1       第一行星齿轮传动机构
P2       第二行星齿轮传动机构
P3       第三行星齿轮传动机构
HRS      主齿轮组
W1       主齿轮组的第一轴
W2       主齿轮组的第二轴
W3       主齿轮组的第三轴
W4       主齿轮组的第四轴
WVS1     前置齿轮组的第一轴
WVS2     前置齿轮组的第二轴
WVS3     前置齿轮组的第三轴
C        第一切换元件
B        第二切换元件
D        第三切换元件
E        第四切换元件
A        第五切换元件
F        第六切换元件
K1       第七切换元件
K0       第八切换元件
SO1      第一行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮
ST1      第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星架
HO1      第一行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈
SO2      第二行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮
ST2      第二行星齿轮传动机构的行星架
HO2      第二行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈
SO3      第三行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮
ST3      第三行星齿轮传动机构的行星架
HO3      第三行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈

Claims (10)

1.变速器，包括一个变速器输入轴（4）和一个变速器输出轴（5）以及两个功率路径（L1、L2），这两个功率路径位于变速器输入轴（4）与一个由两个单行星齿轮组（P2、P3）构成的主齿轮组（HRS）之间，该主齿轮组具有四个按转速顺序被称为第一、第二、第三和第四轴的轴（W1、W2、W3、W4），其中，所述两个功率路径中的第一功率路径（L1）具有第一固定传动比（i1）并且所述两个功率路径中的第二功率路径（L2）具有第二固定传动比（i2），第二固定传动比（i2）小于第一固定传动比（i1），其特征在于，至少一个电机（EM1）与主齿轮组（HRS）的各轴（W1、W2、W3、W4）之一连接，第一轴（W1）能通过一个第一切换元件（C）与第一功率路径（L1）连接以及能通过一个第二切换元件（B）与第二功率路径（L2）连接，第二轴（W2）能通过一个第三切换元件（D）与第一功率路径（L1）连接以及能通过一个第四切换元件（E）与第二功率路径（L2）连接，第三轴（W3）与变速器输出轴（5）永久地连接，第四轴（W4）能通过一个第六切换元件（F）固定以及能通过一个第五切换元件（A）与第一功率路径（L1）或第二功率路径（L2）连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述电机（EM1）永久地或能接入和能断开地、直接或通过传动机构连接到主齿轮组（HRS）的第一轴（W1）上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的变速器，其特征在于，通过所述六个切换元件（A、B、C、D、E、F）的选择性的成对接合能实现十个前进挡，其中，这十个前进挡中的九个前进挡是能动力换挡的且是能以非成组切换的方式切换的，第一前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件（F）和第一切换元件（C）产生，第二前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件（F）和第二切换元件（B）产生，第三前进挡通过闭合第六切换元件（F）和第三切换元件（D）产生，第四前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件（D）和第二切换元件（B）产生，第九前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件（C）和第四切换元件（E）产生，并且另一挡通过闭合第六切换元件（F）和第四切换元件（E）产生，
其中，在第四轴（W4）能通过第五切换元件（A）与第一功率路径（L1）连接的情况下，第五前进挡通过闭合第三切换元件（D）和第五切换元件（A）产生或通过闭合第五切换元件（A）和第一切换元件（C）产生或通过闭合第一切换元件（C）和第三切换元件（D）产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件（B）和第五切换元件（A）产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第四切换元件（E）和第五切换元件（A）产生，第八前进挡通过闭合第二切换元件（B）和第四切换元件（E）产生；
在第四轴（W4）能通过第五切换元件（A）与第二功率路径（L2）连接的情况下，第五前进挡通过闭合第一切换元件（C）和第三切换元件（D）产生，第六前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件（A）和第三切换元件（D）产生，第七前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件（A）和第一切换元件（C）产生，并且第八前进挡通过闭合第五切换元件（A）和第四切换元件（E）产生或通过闭合第二切换元件（B）和第四切换元件（E）产生或通过闭合第二切换元件（B）和第五切换元件（A）产生。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述变速器输出轴（5）同轴于所述变速器输入轴（4）设置，其中，第二功率路径（L2）包括用于发出比变速器输入轴转速更大的转速的增速行星齿轮组（P1），增速行星齿轮组（P1）的第一轴（WVS1）是固定的并且增速行星齿轮组（P1）的第二轴（WVS2）能与变速器输入轴（4）永久地连接或通过一个第七切换元件（K1）连接，并且第二切换元件（B）和第四切换元件（E）连接在增速行星齿轮组（P1）的第三轴（WVS3）上，第一功率路径（L1）为直接传动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器，其特征在于，增速行星齿轮组（P1）构成为包括太阳轮（SO1）、行星架（ST1）和齿圈（HO1）的负传动比齿轮组，其中，太阳轮（SO1）固定，行星架（ST1）能与变速器输入轴（4）永久地或通过第七切换元件（K1）可松脱地连接，并且第二切换元件（B）和第四切换元件（E）连接到齿圈（HO1）上。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的变速器，其特征在于，主齿轮组（HRS）的第一轴（W1）与主齿轮组（HRS）的第一单行星齿轮组（P2）的太阳轮（SO2）连接，其中，主齿轮组（HRS）的第二轴（W2）与主齿轮组（HRS）的第二单行星齿轮组（P3）的齿圈（HO3）连接，主齿轮组（HRS）的第三轴（W3）与主齿轮组（HRS）的第一单行星齿轮组（P2）的行星架（ST2）和第二单行星齿轮组（P3）的行星架（ST3）连接，并且主齿轮组（HRS）的第四轴（W4）与主齿轮组（HRS）的第二单行星齿轮组（P2）的太阳轮（SO3）和第一单行星齿轮组（P2）的齿圈（HO2）连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变速器，其特征在于，主齿轮组（HRS）的所述两个单齿轮组（P2、P3）径向相互嵌套地设置，其中，第二单齿轮组（P3）的太阳轮（SO3）和第一单齿轮组（P2）的齿圈（HO2）构成为一个唯一的元件。
8.用于汽车的混合动力传动系，包括至少一个内燃机（1）和至少一个电机（EM1），其特征在于，所述混合动力传动系具有根据权利要求1至7之一所述的变速器。
9.根据权利要求8的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，设有至少一个与内燃机直接或通过传动机构连接的或能通过至少一个第八切换元件（K0）可松脱地连接的第二电机（EM2），该第二电机优选为起动机或起动机-发电机的形式。
10.根据权利要求8或9的混合动力传动系，其特征在于，第一切换元件（C）和第二切换元件（B）、和/或第三切换元件（D）和第四切换元件（E）、和/或第五切换元件（A）和第六切换元件（F）、和/或第七切换元件（K1）和第八切换元件（K0）能相应地通过一个双作用的致动器操纵。
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CN106461030B (zh) * 2014-05-09 2019-01-08 腓特烈斯港齿轮工厂股份公司 用于切换第一和第二切换元件的切换设备和具有这样的设备的变速器
CN107580662A (zh) * 2015-05-08 2018-01-12 腓特烈斯港齿轮工厂股份公司 用于机动车的变速器以及具有该变速器的混合动力传动系
CN107580662B (zh) * 2015-05-08 2020-04-07 腓特烈斯港齿轮工厂股份公司 用于机动车的变速器以及具有该变速器的混合动力传动系
CN109664745A (zh) * 2017-10-16 2019-04-23 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 具有双电机的混合动力系统
CN108394264A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2018-08-14 江苏汤臣汽车零部件有限公司 一种四档混合动力总成
CN108394264B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2022-05-13 江苏汤臣汽车零部件有限公司 一种四档混合动力总成
CN108382184A (zh) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-10 重庆大学 双行星排式混合动力汽车动力传动装置
CN112654518A (zh) * 2018-09-07 2021-04-13 采埃孚股份公司 机动车辆的变速器、机动车辆动力传动系及操作变速器的方法
CN112654518B (zh) * 2018-09-07 2024-04-19 采埃孚股份公司 机动车辆的变速器、机动车辆动力传动系及操作变速器的方法

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