CN101495446A - 3-[(1r,2r)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚的制备 - Google Patents

3-[(1r,2r)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚的制备 Download PDF

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CN101495446A
CN101495446A CNA2007800281516A CN200780028151A CN101495446A CN 101495446 A CN101495446 A CN 101495446A CN A2007800281516 A CNA2007800281516 A CN A2007800281516A CN 200780028151 A CN200780028151 A CN 200780028151A CN 101495446 A CN101495446 A CN 101495446A
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W·赫尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及制备3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物的改进方法。

Description

3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚的制备
本发明涉及制备3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物的改进方法。
他喷他多(tapentadol)是3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物的INN(国际非专有名称),该化合物表示为下式:
Figure A20078002815100051
他喷他多
EP-A-0,693,475中已将他喷他多的化学结构作为化合物(+21)公开了。他喷他多的合成描述于实施例1和实施例24的步骤1-3中,并使用所述EP-A-0,693,475中提及的化合物号将其概括于下文中。
Figure A20078002815100052
在上面设计中他喷他多的合成前体为(2R,3R)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺(在上面设计中为中间体(+23)),其可以通过以下步骤获得:用亚硫酰氯连续转化为相应的卤化物以除去(2S,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇的叔羟基,并用硼氢化锌、氰基硼氢化锌和/或氰基硼氢化锡处理来随后除去Cl。
该过程的缺点在于所述卤化化合物的制备使用了过量的亚硫酰氯,所述亚硫酰氯为侵蚀性的氯化剂。此外,当以工业规模使用时,氢化试剂如硼氢化锌、氰基硼氢化锌和氰基硼氢化锡带来了相当可观的火灾和健康风险。
WO-2004/108658公开了一种获得(2R,3R)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的替代方法,其将(2S,3S)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇转化为(2R,3R)和(2R,3S)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的混合物,如下所简述。
Figure A20078002815100062
不得不将所产生的(2R,3R)和(2R,3S)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的混合物分离成其各自的立体异构体,以获得所需的(2R,3R)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺,然后可通过例如,和浓氢溴酸一起加热来将其转化为他喷他多,如EP-A-0,693,475所述。
WO-2005/000788公开了一种获得(2R,3R)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的替代方法,其将(2S,3S)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇转化为(2R,3R)和(2R,3S)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的混合物,如下所简述。
Figure A20078002815100071
不得不将所产生的(2R,3R)和(2R,3S)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的混合物分离成其各自的立体异构体,以获得所需的(2R,3R)-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺,然后可通过例如,和浓氢溴酸一起加热来将其转化为他喷他多,如EP-A-0,693,475所述。
WO-2004/108658和WO-2005/000788的两种替代方法的缺点为获得的3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺为(2R,3R)和(2R,3S)的立体异构体的混合物,其不得不进行分离以获得所需的(2R,3R)立体异构体。非理想的(2R,3S)立体异构体不能被转化为所需的(2R,3R)立体异构体,且必须作为化学废品处置,这对于任何工业规模生产来说在经济上是不可取的。
本发明的目标是提供合成(2R,3R)-3-(3-羟基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺的改进方法,与此前已知方法相比,该方法更方便且更为有效。
本发明是通过提供制备(2R,3R)-3-(3-羟基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺,或其酸加成盐的改进方法来实现目标的。
本发明涉及一种方法,其特征在于以下步骤:
a)用酰化剂酰化式(VI)的化合物,其中R代表C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、四氢吡喃基,或者用苯基或萘基取代的C1-3烷基,条件是排除R=CH3
Figure A20078002815100081
b)在反应惰性溶剂中在氢气存在下使用合适的催化剂立体选择氢解如此获得的式(VII)的化合物,
Figure A20078002815100082
得到产物VIII,其中或者R1=H(已在步骤b)中脱保护)或者保护基团R仍为产物VIII的一部分。在这种情况下(化合物VIII中R1≠H),获得的式VIII化合物的基团R可以在步骤c)中脱保护并且d)任选地将所获得的脱保护的产物转化为酸加成盐。
Figure A20078002815100091
在式(VI)、(VII)和(VIII)的化合物中,优选地,R代表乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、苄基、苯基乙基、四氢吡喃基、-(C=O)-CH3、-(C=O)-CH2CH3或-(C=O)-C(CH3)3。在式(VI)、(VII)和(VIII)的化合物中,更优选R代表乙基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、苄基、苯基乙基、四氢吡喃基或-(C=O)-CH3。在式(VI)、(VII)和(VIII)的化合物中,甚至更优选R代表苄基或四氢吡喃基。
例如在R为苄基的情况下,脱保护步骤c)并不是必需的,因为化合物VII通过氢化步骤直接转化为R1=H的VIII。对于取代基R,苄基是非常优选的,其可以任选的被例如,卤素取代基或/和硝基基团取代。
步骤a)的酰化剂为有机酰卤或有机酸酐,其选自乙酸酐、乙酰氯、三氟乙酸酐、氯乙酸酐、氯乙酰氯、二氯乙酸酐、三氯乙酸酐、苯甲酸酐、苯甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酰二氯(phtaloyl dichloride)、对苯二酰二氯、琥珀酸酐、琥珀酰氯、乙基草酰氯、甲基草酰氯、米氏酸(Meldrum’s acid)、氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸甲酯、乙酰水杨酰氯,或者任何其它合适的酰化剂。
步骤b)中的催化剂选自钯催化剂,或任何其它合适的催化剂如诸如阮内镍、铂、碳载铂、碳载钌或铑之类。
钯(Pd)催化剂可以是均相Pd催化剂例如Pd(OAc)2、PdCl2、Pd(PPh3)4、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、Pd2(dba)3、(三(二亚苄基)丙酮)二钯、硫代甲基苯基戊二酰胺钯金属嵌入环化错合物(metallacycle)等,或者多相Pd催化剂如炭载钯、在金属氧化物上的钯,在沸石上的钯。优选地,钯催化剂为多相Pd催化剂,更优选,炭载钯或碳载钯(Pd/C)。Pd/C为可恢复催化剂,稳定且相对便宜。可以将其容易地从反应混合物中分离出(过滤),从而降低了痕量Pd留在最终产物中的风险。Pd/C的使用还避免了对配体如膦配体的需要,所述配体昂贵、有毒并且污染所合成的产物。
步骤b)中的反应惰性溶剂选自乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其混合物。
步骤c)中用以脱保护的优选试剂为碘代三甲基硅烷、乙基硫化钠、碘化锂、氢溴酸;更优选氢溴酸。
在本发明一个实施方案中,步骤a)和b)是作为“一锅法合成(onepot synthesis)”程序来执行的。
本发明还涉及式(VII)的新颖化合物。
当用以制备上述式(III)化合物的酰化剂选自乙酸酐、乙酰氯、三氟乙酸酐、氯乙酸酐、氯乙酰氯、二氯乙酸酐、三氯乙酸酐、甲基草酰氯、乙基草酰氯、氯甲酸甲酯、氯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸酐、苯甲酰氯,或者乙酰水杨酰氯时,式(VII)化合物的酰基代表CH3-CO-、CF3-CO-、CH2Cl-CO-、CHCl2-CO-、CCl3-CO-、CH3O-CO-CO-、CH3O-CO-、CH3CH2O-CO-、CH3CH2O-CO-CO-、苯基-CO-,或者间-CH3COO-苯基-CO-。式(VII)化合物中的R基团代表C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、四氢吡喃基,或者用苯基或萘基取代的C1-3烷基,条件是排除R=甲基。
本发明的优选实施方案(R=苄基)详细描述例举于下面的段落:
本发明方法的原材料,即(2S,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基-3-(3-(苄氧基)苯基-)-2-甲基-3-戊醇(化合物4),是通过(2S)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(化合物3)与溴化乙基镁于THF中在格利雅(Grignard)反应条件下反应来制备的。
Figure A20078002815100111
格利雅试剂与酮化合物(3)的反应引入了第二不对称碳原子。(2S)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(化合物3)与卤化乙基镁的格利雅反应高度立体有择,这是因为3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物的光学纯度为99%。
在“一锅法合成”程序中,如下可以将化合物(4)转化为化合物(5):
1.)用三氟乙酸酐酰化化合物(4),并且
2.)随后用2-甲基四氢呋喃作为溶剂在钯催化剂上氢解并解离二苄醚基团,并且
3.)氯化氢作为沉淀剂。
Figure A20078002815100112
该反应步骤高度立体有择,原因在于3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物的光学纯度为99%。
化合物(5)的盐形成进一步提高了化合物(5)的光学纯度。
试验部分
实施例1:3-(二甲氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(1)的合成
在室温下,于配备有顶部搅拌器和温度计的500ml三口圆底烧瓶中,将1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)丙-1-酮(145.0克;0.6摩尔)溶解在乙腈(375ml)中,并在搅拌下加入N-甲基-N-亚甲基-甲烷氯化铵(57.0克;0.61摩尔)和乙酰氯(5ml)。加料后温度升高10℃。室温将反应混合物搅拌过夜,加入乙醚(375ml)并于3h内冷却到5-10℃结晶产物。抽滤所得固体,并在45℃和100毫巴干燥。获得产物为无色固体,收率为50%(94克)。
实施例2:(2S)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基-)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(3)的合成和分离
Figure A20078002815100122
在配备有温度计的500ml反应容器中,通过升温至35-40℃将二苯甲酰酒石酸一水合物(78.0克;0.2摩尔)溶解于无水乙醇(360ml)中。混合物冷却到室温并加入到(2RS)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基-)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(1)的无水乙醇(230ml)的溶液中。为结晶完全,在5-8℃搅拌批料16小时。滤出所得晶体,用乙醇洗涤并在45℃/100毫巴干燥16小时。所得产物为无色固体,收率为65%(85.0克)。
在配备有温度计的1000ml反应容器中,将(2S)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(L)-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸盐(85.5克;0.13摩尔)溶解在水中并加入3-戊酮(200ml)。用氢氧化钠水溶液(32%;25ml;0.28摩尔)调pH为12-13。分离相并在硫酸钠上干燥有机相,在45-50℃和5-10毫巴的真空中完全除去溶剂。获得产物为油,收率87%(33.6克)。[α]=+17°。
实施例3:(2S,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇的合成(4)
Figure A20078002815100131
在10℃氮气氛中,将乙基溴化镁的溶液(1M,在THF中;0.15摩尔;150ml)装入500ml的三口圆底烧瓶中,该烧瓶配有顶部搅拌器,温度计、惰性气体供给器以及加料漏斗。向该溶液中于10-15℃逐滴加入溶解在THF(150ml)的(2S)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-(3-(苄氧基)苯基-)-2-甲基-1-丙酮(3)(33.0克;0.11摩尔)。在加料结束后将批料在室温搅拌16h并用硫酸氢铵溶液(150ml)终止反应。分离相,用3-戊酮(150ml)再萃取水相。在硫酸钠上干燥组合的有机相,并在45-50℃和<10毫巴的旋转蒸发器中完全除去溶剂。获得浅黄色油,收率89%(32.0克)。[α]=-10.5°。
实施例4:3-[(1R,2R)-3-(二甲氨基)-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基]苯酚一氢氯化物(5)的合成
Figure A20078002815100141
在配有搅拌器和温度计的标准实验室容器中,将(2S,3R)-1-(二甲基氨基)-3-(3-(苄氧基)苯基)-2-甲基-3-戊醇(4)(21.0克;0.064摩尔)溶解在甲基四氢呋喃(125ml)中并加入三氟乙酸酐(20克,0.095摩尔)。搅拌下将混合物升温至40-45℃保持4小时。然后将混合物冷却到室温并在氮气氛下加入Pd/C(5%;2.5克;1.9mol%)。将混合物转移到加氢装置中并在3bar/800rpm下氢化16小时。滤出催化剂并在冰浴中将所得溶液冷却到5-10℃。加入水(1.1克;0.06摩尔)并逐滴加入三甲基氯硅烷(6.95克;0.064摩尔)。为了结晶,在5-8℃搅拌混合物16小时。滤出晶体,用丙酮洗涤并在40-45℃和100毫巴下于干燥箱中干燥16小时。获得产物为无色结晶固体,收率为89%(14.7克;熔点201℃;对映体纯度:99%,纯度:97.7%(HPLC);分析(assay):95.5%(HPLC))。
根据实施例5的程序制备的化合物(5)包含96.9%所需的(2R,3R)对映体,1%的(2S,3S)对映体,和2.1%的(2R,3S)对映体。

Claims (15)

1.制备式(VIII)化合物,或其酸加成盐的方法,其特征在于通过以下步骤进行:
a)用酰化剂酰化式(VI)的化合物,其中R代表C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、四氢吡喃基,或者用苯基或萘基取代的C1-3烷基,条件是排除R=甲基;
b)在反应惰性溶剂中在氢气存在下使用合适的催化剂氢解如此获得的化合物(VII),
得到产物VIII,R1=R或H:
Figure A2007800281510002C3
c)在R1≠H的情况下,任选地将式VIII的基团R1脱保护,并且
d)任选地将所获得的脱保护的产物转化为酸加成盐。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中步骤a)的酰化剂为有机酰卤或有机酸酐。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述有机酰卤或有机酸酐选自乙酸酐、乙酰氯、三氟乙酸酐、氯乙酸酐、氯乙酰氯、二氯乙酸酐、三氯乙酸酐、苯甲酸酐、苯甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酰二氯、对苯二酰二氯、琥珀酸酐、琥珀酰氯、乙基草酰氯、甲基草酰氯、米氏酸、氯甲酸乙酯、氯甲酸甲酯,或乙酰水杨酰氯。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述酸酐为三氟乙酸酐。
5.权利要求1-4任何一项的方法,其中步骤b)的催化剂选自阮内镍、钯、碳载钯、铂、碳载铂、碳载钌或铑,或者任何其它合适的催化剂。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述催化剂是碳载钯。
7.权利要求1-6任何一项的方法,其中步骤b)中的反应惰性溶剂选自乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其混合物。
8.权利要求1-7任何一项的方法,其中R代表乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、苄基、苯基乙基、四氢吡喃基、-(C=O)-CH3、-(C=O)-CH2CH3或-(C=O)-C(CH3)3
9.权利要求8的方法,其中R代表苄基。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中(2R,3R)-3-(3-羟基苯基)-N,N,2-三甲基戊胺转化为其相应的盐酸加成盐。
11.前述权利要求任何一项的方法,其中步骤a)和步骤b)以一锅法反应进行。
12.式(VII)化合物,其中R代表C1-6烷基、C3-8环烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、四氢吡喃基,或者用苯基或萘基取代的C1-3烷基,条件是排除R=甲基,
Figure A2007800281510003C1
13.权利要求12所要求保护的式(VII)化合物,其中酰基代表CH3-CO-、CF3-CO-、CH2Cl-CO-、CHCl2-CO-、CCl3-CO-、CH3O-CO-、CH3CH2O-CO-、CH3O-CO-CO-、CH3CH2O-CO-CO-、苯基-CO-,或者间-CH3COO-苯基-CO-。
14.权利要求13所要求保护的式(VII)化合物,其中R代表乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、环丙基、环丁基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、苄基、苯基乙基、四氢吡喃基、-(C=O)-CH3、-(C=O)-CH2CH3或-(C=O)-C(CH3)3
15.权利要求14所要求保护的式(VII)化合物,其中所述酰基代表CF3-CO-以及R代表苄基。
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