CN101484182B - 由同二聚体、同四聚体或二聚体的二聚体组成的稳定连接复合体的生产方法及用途 - Google Patents
由同二聚体、同四聚体或二聚体的二聚体组成的稳定连接复合体的生产方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及组成确定的稳定束缚结构的制备方法和组合物,该稳定束缚结构可具有多种功能和/或结合特异性。特定实施方案涉及包含含有连接于前体的二聚化和停靠域的单体的同二聚体。前体实际上可为任何分子或结构,例如抗体、抗体片段、抗体类似物或模拟物、适体、结合肽、结合蛋白的片段、蛋白质或其它分子的已知配体、酶、可检测标记或标签、治疗剂、毒素、药物、细胞因子、白介素、干扰素、放射性同位素、蛋白质、肽、肽模拟物、多核苷酸、RNAi、寡聚糖、天然或合成的聚合物质、纳米微粒、量子点、有机或无机化合物等。其它实施方案涉及包含可相同或不同的第一和第二同二聚体的四聚体。本公开的方法和组合物提供了制备实际上可具有任何功能性和/或结合特异性的同二聚体、同四聚体和异四聚体的简便通用方法。
Description
发明背景
人造药物由于能够将多拷贝的靶向部分和效应器部分两者合并起来,从而使结合更紧密、药效更强,因此非常需要该类药物。虽然重组技术普遍用于制造具有靶向域和效应器域的融合蛋白质,但是只有正确应用缀合化学才可获得包含相同或不同单体组分以得到多价性或多功能性的多聚体结构。
通过重组技术制备的药物,存在的问题可包括较高的制备费用、较低的表达产率、在血清中不稳定、在溶液中不稳定而造成聚集物产生或各亚基分离、由于存在多种产物形式而使批组成不明确、污染性副产物、由于位阻因素或构象改变使功能性活性或结合亲和力/亲和性降低等。至于通过各种化学交联方法制备的药物,较高制备费用和纯化产物的不均一性是两个主要局限。
因此本领域仍然需要一种制备多特异性或功能性的多价结构的通用方法,该结构有确定的组成、均质纯净、亲和力不变,且可以较高产率制备,不需要额外纯化步骤。而且,这种结构也必须在血清中足够稳定以适于体内应用。还需要稳定的、多特异性或功能性的多价结构,该结构应易于构建和/或以相对纯化的形式得到。
发明概述
本发明公开了一种平台技术,用于制备可具有多重功能或结合特异性或二者均具有,且适于体外和体内应用的稳定束缚结构(satblytethered structure)。在一个实施方案中,这种稳定束缚结构制备为任何有机物质的同二聚体,其可为蛋白质或非蛋白质。下文中称为a2的这种同二聚体由两个相同亚基组成,两个亚基通过其中的独特肽序列相互连接,这种独特肽序列称为二聚化和停靠域(dimerization and dockingdomain)(DDD)。通过重组技术或化学缀合经间隔基团(spacer group)将DDD序列连接于感兴趣的前体,制成能够自缔合形成二聚体的结构从而构建这种亚基。实施例2和3中描述了用称为DDD1(图1a,SEQ IDNO:1)的DDD序列制成的代表性的a2构建体。
在另一个实施方案中,这种稳定束缚结构主要制备为蛋白质或非蛋白质的任何有机物质的同源四聚体。下文中这种同源四聚体称为a4,包括用称为DDD2(图1b,SEQ ID NO:2)的DDD序列制成的两个相同的a2构建体,4个亚基中每个均包含DDD2。实施例4和5中描述了5个这种a4构建体。
在又一个实施方案中,这种稳定束缚结构由任何两种不同a4构建体制成杂交四聚体。这种杂交四聚体,下文中称为a2a’2,包括得自各自a4构建体的两种不同的a2构建体。实施例6中描述了3个这种a2a’2构建体。在其它实施方案中,包含多个域的单链多肽形式的融合蛋白,例如avimers(Silverman等,Nat.Biotechnol.(2005),23:1556-1561)例如,可用作令人感兴趣的前体来提高所得a2、a4和a2a’2构建体的效价、功能性和特异性,这些构建体可进一步与效应器和载体结合从而获得通过这种修改得到的其它功能。
许多a2、a4和a2a’2构建体可用公开的方法和组合物设计与制备。例如考虑下列至少7种类型的基于蛋白质或肽的构建体:
类型1:二价的a2构建体,包括得自相同mAb的两种Fab或scFv片段。参见表1选定的实例。
类型2:二价的a2构建体,包括两种相同的非免疫球蛋白蛋白。参见表2选定的实例。
类型3:四价的a4构建体,包括得自相同mAb的四种Fab或scFv片段。参见表3选定的实例。
类型4:四价的a4构建体,包括四种相同的非免疫球蛋白。参见表4选定的实例。
类型5:双特异性的四价a2a’2构建体,包括得自相同mAb的两种Fab或scFv片段和得自不同mAb的两种Fab或scFv片段。参见表5选定的实例。
类型6:多功能的a2a’2构建体,包括得自相同mAb的两种Fab或scFv片段和两种相同的非免疫球蛋白蛋白。参见表6选定的实例。
类型7:多功能的a2a’2构建体,包括两对不同的非免疫球蛋白蛋白。参见表7选定的实例。
通常,类型1类别内产物适于多种应用,其中包括得自相同单克隆抗体的两种稳定束缚的Fab(或scFv)片段的二价结合蛋白比相应的已知在体内分解为单价的Fab’的二价F(ab’)2更适合。例如,包括两种7E3的稳定束缚的Fab片段的a2产物的效力应高于使用7E3的Fab片段防止血小板聚集的ReoProTM(Centocor,Inc.)。
通常,类型2类别内产物适于多种应用,其中二价药物可比单价药物更有希望提高效力或药代动力学或使二者均提高。例如由两个拷贝的促红细胞生成素组成的a2产物可优于仅含有一拷贝促红细胞生成素的Epogen_(Amgen)。另一个实例为包括融合于人IgG1的CH2和CH3域的Aβ12-28P的两个拷贝的a2产物。Aβ12-28P是含有18位的缬氨酸被脯氨酸取代的β-淀粉状蛋白(Aβ)的N-末端12-28残基的肽。Aβ12-28P为非原纤维形成的及无毒性的,且可阻断载脂蛋白E(apoE)结合于Aβ,在转基因小鼠模型中用于减少Aβ噬斑(Sadowski等,Am J Pathol.(2004),165:937-948)。CH2和CH3融合于Aβ12-28P将达到两个目的:(1)促进所得复合物经FcRn而穿过血脑屏障;(2)Aβ结合于抗-Aβ臂及CH2-CH3域结合于小神经胶质上的Fc受体后,通过小胶质细胞有效减少Aβ噬斑(Hartman等,J.Neurosci.(2005),25:6213-6220)。
通常,类型3类别内产物适于多种应用,其中包括得自相同单克隆抗体的四个稳定束缚的Fab(或scFv)片段的四价结合蛋白比基于相同单克隆抗体的三价、二价或单价结合蛋白更合适。例如包括抗-TNF-α抗体例如阿达木单抗的四个稳定束缚Fab片段的a4产物的效力,在治疗关节炎中比HUMIRATM的效力更强(雅培公司)。
通常,类型4类别内产物适于多种应用,其中由于提高了与靶点结合的亲和力,四价药物比三价、二价或单价药物更合适。例如可优选包括因子IX的四个拷贝的a4产物而不是仅仅含有一个因子IX的BenefixTM(Wyeth)作为治疗剂用于治疗血友病。
通常,类型5类别内产物适于多种应用,其中优选包括两种不同a2亚基的双特异性四价结合蛋白。例如包括曲妥单抗的两个Fab片段及pertuzumab的两个Fab片段的a2a’2产物对于治疗过表达HER2受体的癌可比Herceptin_(Genentech)或OmnitargTM(Genentech)均更有效。
通常,类型6类别内产物适于多种应用,其中优选靶特异性递送或结合的非免疫球蛋白蛋白。例如包括抗肿瘤相关抗原(例如CD74)的内化抗体(internalizing antibody)的两个Fab片段和两个拷贝的毒素(例如去糖基化篦麻毒素A链或豹蛙酶)的a2a’2产物有利于选择性递送毒素从而破坏靶向肿瘤细胞。另一个实例为包括抗Aβ的抗体的两个Fab片段和运铁蛋白(Tf)的两个拷贝的a2a’2产物预期用以穿过血脑屏障并中和Aβ而有效治疗阿尔茨海默病。
通常,类型7类别内产物适于多种应用,其中两种不同非免疫球蛋白蛋白的组合比每个单独的相应非免疫球蛋白都更适用。例如,包括IL-4R(sIL-4R)的受体的可溶性组分的两个拷贝和IL-13(sIL-13R)的受体的可溶性组分的两个拷贝的a2a’2产物为治疗哮喘或变态反应的潜在治疗剂。另一个实例为包括Aβ12-28P的两个拷贝和Tf的两个拷贝的a2a’2产物。添加Tf到Aβ12-28P预期能够使所得复合物穿过血脑屏障用于有效治疗阿尔茨海默病。
本发明的稳定束缚结构,包括其缀合物,适于广泛应用在治疗和诊断中。例如基于抗体结合域的a2、a4或a2a’2构建体可以与裸抗体(naked antibody)相同的方式治疗,其中这种构建体未缀合于添加的功能剂上。或者这些稳定束缚结构可用一种或多种功能剂衍生化用于治疗或诊断。添加的药物可使用常规缀合化学共价连接于稳定束缚结构上。
稳定束缚结构的使用方法可包括检测、诊断和/或治疗疾病或其他病症。这些病症包括但不限于癌、增生、糖尿病性视网膜病、黄斑变性、炎性肠病、局限性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、类风湿性关节炎、肉状瘤病、哮喘、水肿、肺动脉高血压、银屑病、角膜移植片排斥、新生血管性青光眼、Osler-Webber综合征、心肌血管发生、蚀斑新生血管形成、再狭窄、血管创伤后新内膜形成、毛细血管扩张、血友病性关节、血管纤维瘤、与慢性炎症有关的纤维变性、肺纤维化、深部静脉血栓形成或伤口肉芽发生。
在特定的实施方案中,公开的方法和组合物可用于治疗自身免疫性疾病,例如急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜、慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜、皮肌炎、西登哈姆氏舞蹈病、重症肌无力、系统性红斑狼疮、狼疮性肾炎、风湿热、多腺体综合征、大疱性类天疱疮、青少年糖尿病、亨诺-许兰二氏紫癜、链球菌感染后肾炎、结节性红斑(erythemanodosurn)、高安氏动脉炎、阿狄森氏病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、肉状瘤病、溃疡性结肠炎、多形性红斑、IgA肾病、结节性多动脉炎、强直性脊柱炎、古德帕斯彻综合征、血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangitisubiterans)、斯耶格伦综合征、原发性胆汁性肝硬变、桥本氏甲状腺炎、甲状腺毒症(即格雷夫斯病)、硬皮病、慢性活动性肝炎、多发性肌炎/皮肌炎、多软骨炎、寻常天疱疮、韦格纳肉芽肿病、膜性肾病、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化、脊髓痨、巨细胞动脉炎/多肌痛、恶性贫血、急进性肾小球性肾炎、银屑病或纤维化肺泡炎。
在某些实施方案中,此稳定束缚结构可用于治疗癌。预计其可靶向任何类型肿瘤和任何类型的肿瘤抗原。可靶向的示例性肿瘤类型包括急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、胆囊癌(biliary cancer)、乳腺癌、子宫颈癌、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性髓细胞性白血病、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、食管癌、胃癌、头和颈部癌、何杰金氏淋巴瘤、肺癌、髓质甲状腺癌、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、肾癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、神经胶质瘤、黑素瘤、肝癌、前列腺癌、及膀胱癌。
可靶向的肿瘤相关抗原包括但不限于碳酸酐酶IX、A3、A33抗体特异性抗原、BrE3-抗原、CD1、CD1a、CD3、CD5、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD30、CD45、CD74、CD79a、CD80、HLA-DR、NCA 95、NCA90、HCG及其亚基、CEA(CEACAM-5)、CEACAM-6、CSAp、EGFR、EGP-1、EGP-2、Ep-CAM、Ba 733、HER2/neu、低氧诱导因子(HIF)、KC4-抗原、KS-1-抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、巨噬细胞抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、PAM-4-抗原、PSA、PSMA、RS5、S100、TAG-72、p53、生腱蛋白、IL-6、IL-8、胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)、Tn抗原、Thomson-Friedenreich抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGF、胎盘生长因子(PlGF)、17-1A-抗原、血管发生标记(例如ED-B纤连蛋白)、癌基因标记(例如bcl-2)、癌基因产物,及其他肿瘤相关抗原。近来关于肿瘤相关抗原的报道包括Mizukami等(2005,Nature Med 11:992-97);Hatfield等(2005,Currr. Cancer Drug Targets 5:229-48);Vallbohmer等(2005,J.Clin.Oncol.23:3536-44);和Ren等(2005,Am. Surg.242:55-63),各自通过引用并入本文中。
在其他实施方案中,稳定束缚结构可用于治疗病原微生物的感染,例如细菌、病毒或真菌。可治疗的示例性真菌包括小孢子菌属(Microsporum)、发癣菌属(Trichophyton)、表皮癣菌属(Epidermophyton)、申氏孢子丝菌(Sporothrix schenckii)新型隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)、粗球类芽生菌(Coccidioides immitis)、夹膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomyces dermatitidis)或白色念珠菌(Candida albican)。示例性病毒包括人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、疱疹病毒、细胞巨化病毒、狂犬病病毒、流感病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、仙台病毒、猫白血病病毒、呼吸道肠孤儿病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、人血清微小样病毒(human serumparvo-like virus)、猿猴病毒40、呼吸道合胞体病毒、小鼠乳腺瘤病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、登革热病毒、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、腺病毒、人T细胞白血病病毒、埃巴病毒、鼠白血病病毒、腮腺炎病毒、水泡性口膜炎病毒、辛德比斯病毒、淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒或蓝舌病病毒。示例性细菌包括炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcusagalactiae)、嗜肺性军团病菌(Legionella pneumophilia)、化脓性链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、淋病奈瑟氏菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)、脑膜炎萘瑟氏菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、肺炎球菌(Pneumococcus spp.)、流感嗜血杆菌B(Hemophilis influenzaeB)、梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)、莱姆氏病螺旋体(Lyme diseasespirochetes)、绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、麻风分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium leprae)、流产布鲁氏菌(Brucella abortus)、结核分支杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)或支原质体(Mycoplasma)。
虽然并非限制性的,但是在各种实施方案中,掺入单体、二聚体和/或四聚体的前体可包含一种或多种蛋白质,例如细菌毒素、植物毒素、篦麻毒素、相思豆毒素、核糖核酸酶(RNase)、DNA酶I、葡萄球菌肠毒素A、商陆抗病毒蛋白、白树毒素、白喉毒素、假单胞菌外毒素、假单胞菌内毒素、豹蛙酶(Rap)、Rap(N69Q)、PE38、dgA、DT390、PLC、tPA、细胞因子、生长因子、可溶性受体组分、表面活性蛋白D、IL-4、sIL-4R、sIL-13R、VEGF121、TPO、EPO、凝块溶解剂、酶、荧光蛋白质、sTNFα-R、avimer、scFv、dsFv或纳米抗体(nanobody)。
在其他实施方案中,抗血管生成剂(anti-angiogenic agent)可形成部分或全部的前体,或连接于稳定束缚结构。使用的示例性抗血管生成剂包括血管他丁、baculostatin、canstatin、乳腺丝抑蛋白、抗VEGF抗体或肽、抗胎盘生长因子抗体或肽、抗-Flk-1抗体、抗-Flt-1抗体或肽、层粘连蛋白肽、纤连蛋白肽、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂、干扰素、白介素12、IP-10、Gro-β、血小板反应蛋白、2-甲氧基雌二醇、增殖素相关蛋白、carboxiamidotriazole、CM101、马立马司他、戊聚糖多硫酸酯、促血管生成素2、干扰素-α、除莠霉素A、PNU145156E、16K催乳素片段、利诺胺、沙利度胺、己酮可可碱、金雀异黄素、TNP-470、内皮他丁、紫杉醇、accutin、血管他丁、西多福韦、长春新碱、博来霉素、AGM-1470、血小板因子IV或米诺环素。
在又一些其它实施方案中,一种或多种治疗剂例如aplidin、阿扎立平、阿那曲唑、氮杂胞苷、博来霉素、bortezomib、苔藓抑素1、白消安、刺孢霉素、喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱、卡莫司汀、西乐葆、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂、伊立替康(CPT-11)、SN-38、卡铂、克拉屈滨、环磷酰胺、阿糖胞苷、达卡巴嗪、多西紫杉醇、放线菌素D、道诺霉素葡糖苷酸、柔红霉素、地塞米松、己烯雌酚、多柔比星、2-吡咯啉基多柔比星(2P-DOX)、氰基-吗啉代多柔比星、多柔比星葡糖苷酸、表柔比星葡糖苷酸、乙炔基雌二醇、雌莫司汀、依托泊苷、依托泊苷葡糖苷酸、磷酸依托泊苷、氟尿苷(FUdR)、3′,5′-O-二油酰基-FudR(FUdR-dO)、氟达拉滨、氟他胺、氟尿嘧啶、氟甲睾酮、吉西他滨、己酸羟孕酮、羟基脲、伊达比星、异环磷酰胺、L-天冬酰胺酶、亚叶酸、洛莫司汀、氮芥、乙酸美屈孕酮(medroprogesterone acetate)、乙酸甲地孕酮、美法仑、巯嘌呤、6-巯嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、米托蒽醌、米拉霉素、丝裂霉素、米托坦、丁酸苯基酯、强的松、丙卡巴肼、紫杉醇、喷司他丁、PSI-341、司莫司汀链脲霉素(semustine streptozocin)、他莫昔芬、紫杉烷类、泰素、丙酸睾丸素、沙利度胺、硫鸟嘌呤、塞替派、替尼泊苷、托泊替康、尿嘧啶氮芥、velcade、长春碱、长春瑞滨、长春新碱、蓖麻毒素、相思豆毒素、核糖核酸酶、onconase、rapLR1、DNA酶I、葡萄球菌肠毒素A、商陆抗病毒蛋白、白树毒素、白喉毒素、假单胞菌外毒素、假单胞菌内毒素、反义寡核苷酸、干扰RNA或其组合可缀合于或掺入稳定束缚结构。
在各种实施方案中,一种或多种效应剂例如诊断剂、治疗剂、化学治疗剂、放射性同位素、显像剂、抗血管生成剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子、药物、前体药物、酶、结合分子、细胞表面受体配体、螯合剂、免疫调节剂、寡聚核苷酸、激素、光检测标记(photodetectablelabel)、染料、肽、毒素、造影剂、顺磁性标记、超声标记、促细胞凋亡剂(pro-apoptotic agent)、脂质体、纳米微粒或其组合,可连接于稳定束缚结构。
与稳定束缚结构及其使用方法有关的各种实施方案可用于诱导病态细胞的细胞凋亡。进一步的详细资料可见于美国专利申请公开第20050079184号,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。这种结构可包含例如对抗原有结合亲和力的第一和/或第二前体,抗原选自CD2、CD3、CD8、CD10、CD21、CD23、CD24、CD25、CD30、CD33、CD37、CD38、CD40、CD48、CD52、CD55、CD59、CD70、CD74、CD80、CD86、CD138、CD147、HLA-DR、CEA、CSAp、CA-125、TAG-72、EFGR、HER2、HER3、HER4、IGF-1R、c-Met、PDGFR、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、TNFR1、TNFR2、NGFR、Fas(CD95)、DR3、DR4、DR5、DR6、VEGF、PIGF、ED-B纤连蛋白、生腱蛋白、PSMA、PSA、碳酸酐酶IX和IL-6。在更特别的实施方案中,用于诱导细胞凋亡的稳定束缚结构可包含单克隆抗体、Fab片段、嵌合抗体、人源化或人抗体或片段。在优选的实施方案中,稳定束缚结构可包含抗-CD74X抗-CD20、抗-CD74X抗-CD22、抗-CD22X抗-CD20、抗-CD20X抗-HLA-DR、抗-CD19X抗-CD20、抗-CD20X抗-CD80、抗-CD2X抗-CD25、抗-CD8X抗-CD25和抗-CD2X抗-CD147的组合。在更优选的实施方案中,嵌合抗体、人源化或人抗体或抗体片段可得自LL2(抗-CD22)、LL1(抗-CD74)和A20(抗-CD20)的可变域。
附图简述
图1显示两种示例性DDD序列。DDD1中加下划线的序列(SEQ ID NO:1)与人PKA的RIIα中发现的头44个氨基末端残基一致。DDD2(SEQ ID NO:2)在N-末端有两个氨基酸残基与DDD1不同。
图2显示用于表达IgG(上图)和C-DDD1-Fab(下图)的基于pdHL2表达载体的示意图。
图3显示C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的示意图和推定的通过DDD1介导的二聚作用形成的a2结构的示意图。
图4显示N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的示意图和推定的通过DDD1介导的二聚作用形成的a2结构的示意图。
图5显示AD1-C(SEQ ID NO:3)的肽序列。
图6显示亲和纯化的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的SE-HPLC分析。
图7显示亲和纯化的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的SDS-PAGE分析。
图8显示亲和纯化的N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的SE-HPLC分析。
图9显示,C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14含有两个活性结合位点。
图10显示,N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14含有两个活性结合位点。
图11显示,C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的结合亲和力至少相当于二价hMN-14IgG或F(ab’)2,且比单价Fab约高5倍。
图12显示,N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的结合亲和力相当于二价hMN-14IgG且C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的结合亲和力高于hMN-14IgG。
图13显示,C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14在混合人血清中是稳定的,96小时后分子完整性没有明显改变。
图14显示,C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14在混合人血清中是稳定的,28小时后免疫反应性没有改变。
图15比较了带有人结肠直肠癌异种移植体小鼠中C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14与hBS14-1的肿瘤吸收。
图16比较了带有人结肠直肠癌异种移植体小鼠中C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14与hBS14-1的正常器官吸收。
[0042 ]图17显示亲和纯化的Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1的SE-HPLC分析。
图18显示,Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1的结合亲和力相当于hPAM4IgG的结合亲和力。
图19显示,用CBind L(蛋白质L纤维素)纯化的N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14主要以a4形式存在。SE-HPLC示踪也揭示出,存在a2形式以及单体和二聚体形式的游离轻链。
图20显示,用5mM TCEP还原后,纯化的N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的a4形式解离为a2形式,二聚体轻链也转化为单体轻链。
图21所示为C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的a4形式经还原转换为a2形式的示意图。
图22显示通过Superdex-200凝胶过滤色谱纯化后四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的SE-HPLC分析。为提高解析度串联连接两个柱子(BiosilSEC 250)。四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14显示为单峰(表示为A4),保留时间为19.58分钟。
图23显示,四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14包括4个功能性结合CEA的Fab片段。SE-HPLC的条件与图22的所述条件相同。(a)当WI2 Fab’与四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14以1∶1摩尔比混合,观察到4个蛋白质峰代表四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14结合一个(表示为1,在18.32分钟),两个(表示为2,在17.45分钟)或三个(表示为3,在16.92分钟)WI2 Fab’片段,以及C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的未结合形式。(b)当WI2 Fab’与四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14以5∶1的摩尔比混合,仅在16.24分钟观察到4个WI2 Fab’片段以及与之结合的四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14所组成的复合体(表示为4)。在24.1 7分钟峰检测到过量的WI2 Fab’(表示为W)。
图24显示通过Superdex-200凝胶过滤色谱纯化后四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的SE-HPLC分析。
图25显示四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20(缩写为hA20A4)导致的细胞生长抑制。双份Daudi(1-1)细胞(上图)或Ramos细胞(下图)以终浓度为100,000细胞/mL再悬浮于48-孔板中的完全培养基中,培养基中含有10nM的hA20、hA20 F(ab’)2或hA20A4,不存在或存在抗-IgM(0.1ug/mL)。细胞孵育3天并进行MTT测定从而确定活性细胞群。不存在抗-IgM时仅有hA20A4导致显著的生长抑制(40-50%)。图26通过ELISA显示存在的双特异性四价hMN-3xhA20。
图27通过流式细胞计量术显示存在的双特异性四价hMN-3xhMN-14。BXPC3细胞表达高水平的CEACAM6以及仅本底水平的CEACAM5,在Alexa-532-WI2、用荧光标记物标记的hMN-14的大鼠抗独特型mAb存在下,将BXPC3细胞与每个样品(10ug/mL)室温下孵育1小时,并通过流式细胞计量术使用Guava PCA分析。仅有含有双特异性hMN-3xhMN-14的样品的直方图显示出阳性染色的BXPC3细胞。
举例说明性实施方案的描述
本申请引用的所有文献或文献选段包括但不限于专利、专利申请书、文章、书籍和论文,其全部内容通过引用清楚地并入本文中。
定义
本文所用的“一”可指一个或多个。
本文所用术语“和”与“或”可用来指“与”形式连接词或“或”形式连接词。即除非另有说明二者应理解为等同于“和/或”。
本文所述的抗体是指全长(即天然存在的或通过正常免疫球蛋白基因片段重组方法制成的)免疫球蛋白分子(例如IgG抗体)或免疫球蛋白分子的免疫活性(即特异性结合)部分或类似物,例如抗体片段。
抗体片段为抗体的一部分例如F(ab)2、F(ab’)2、Fab、Fv、sFv等。无论其结构如何,抗体片段结合被完整抗体识别的相同抗原。术语“抗体片段”也包括作用方式类似于抗体,即通过结合特异性抗原而形成复合体的任何合成的或遗传工程改造的蛋白质。例如抗体片段包括由可变区组成的分离片段,例如“Fv”片段包括重链和轻链的可变区,其中轻链和重链可变区通过肽接头(“scFv蛋白”)连接的重组单链多肽分子,和模拟高变区的氨基酸残基组成的最小识别单位(CDR)。
效应器为达到选择结果的原子、分子或化合物。效应器可包括治疗剂和/或诊断剂。
治疗剂为适于治疗疾病的原子、分子或化合物。治疗剂的实例包括抗体、抗体片段、药物、毒素、酶、核酸酶、激素、免疫调节剂、反义寡核苷酸、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、螯合剂、硼化合物、光活化剂、染料和放射性同位素。在美国专利公开第20050002945号、第2004001 8557号、第20030148409号和第20050014207号中公开了使用的其他示例性治疗剂和方法,各自通过引用并入本文中。
诊断剂为适于实验诊断疾病的原子、分子或化合物。适用的诊断剂包括但不限于放射性同位素、染料(例如与生物素-链亲和素复合体)、造影剂、荧光化合物或分子及用于磁共振成像(MRI)的增强剂(例如顺磁离子)。
免疫缀合物为结合分子(例如抗体成分)与原子、分子或高级结构(例如与载体、治疗剂或诊断剂)的缀合物。
裸抗体(naked antibody)为未缀合任何其他药物的抗体。
载体为能够连接治疗剂或诊断剂从而促进递送这种药物至靶细胞的原子、分子或高级结构。载体可包括脂质(例如能形成高级结构的两亲性脂质)、多糖(例如右旋糖酐)或其他高级结构,例如微粒、脂质体或纳米微粒。
本文所用术语抗体融合蛋白指重组产生的抗原结合分子,其中两种或多种具有相同或不同特异性的相同或不同scFv或抗体片段被连接在一起。融合蛋白的价(Valency)指该融合蛋白有多少结合单抗原或抗原表位的结合臂或位点,即单价、二价、三价或多价。抗体融合蛋白的多价指其可利用多种相互作用与抗原结合,由此提高与抗原结合的亲和力。特异性指抗体融合蛋白能够结合多少抗原或抗原表位,即单特异性、二特异性、三特异性、多特异性。根据这些定义,天然抗体例如IgG,由于其具有两个结合臂因而为二价,但是由于其结合一个抗原表位因而为单特异性的。单特异性的多价融合蛋白具有多于一个结合抗原表位的结合位点,但是仅结合一个这种抗原表位,例如双链抗体具有与同一抗原反应的两个结合位点,就属于这种单特异性的多价融合蛋白。这种融合蛋白可包含单抗体组分、不同抗体组分的多价或多特异性组合,或相同抗体组分的多个拷贝。这种融合蛋白可另外包含抗体或抗体片段和治疗剂。适于这种融合蛋白的治疗剂的实例包括免疫调节剂(“抗体-免疫调节剂融合蛋白”)和毒素(“抗体-毒素毒素融合蛋白”)。一种优选的毒素包含核糖核酸酶(RNase),优选重组的RNase。
如果给药量为生理上有效的,则本文所述抗体或免疫缀合物制剂或组合物是指以“治疗上有效量”给予。如果其存在导致接受药物的哺乳动物生理学上可检测的变化,则该药物为生理学上有效的。尤其是如果它的存在激发抗肿瘤反应或减轻自身免疫疾病状态的体征和症状,则该抗体制剂为生理上有效的。生理上显著效应也可指诱发接受药物的哺乳动物体液和/或细胞免疫反应从而导致靶细胞的生长抑制或死亡。
稳定束缚结构的缀合物
其它部分可缀合于上述的稳定束缚结构中。例如药物、毒素、放射性化合物、酶、激素、细胞毒蛋白、螯合物、细胞因子和其它功能剂可缀合于稳定束缚结构上。可经例如共价键连接于侧链含有氨基、羧基、巯基或羟基的氨基酸残基而缀合。为此目的可使用各种常用接头,例如二异氰酸酯、二异硫代硫酸酯、二(羟基琥珀酰亚胺)酯、碳化二亚胺、马来酰亚胺-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、戊二醛等。药物缀合于稳定束缚结构优选不显著影响未修饰结构中包括的每个亚基的活性。可分开进行a4和a4’构建体的缀合并使用所得缀合物制备a2a2’构建体。另外细胞毒性剂可首先偶联到聚合物载体,然后缀合于稳定束缚结构。关于这种方法参见Ryser等,Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci.USA,75:3867-3870,1978;美国4,699,784和美国4,046,722,其内容通过引用并入本文中。
可通过本领域中已知的各种方法制备本文所述的缀合物。例如稳定束缚结构可用131I放射标记并缀合于脂质,这样所得缀合物可形成脂质体。脂质体可结合一种或多种治疗剂(例如药物FUdR-dO)或诊断剂。或者除载体外,稳定束缚结构可缀合于131I(例如酪氨酸残基)和药物(例如赖氨酸残基的ε氨基),且载体可结合其它治疗剂或诊断剂。治疗剂和诊断剂可共价结合稳定束缚结构的一个或多个亚基。
本领域已知脂质体或微粒的构造。参见例如Wrobel和Collins,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(1995),1235:296-304、Lundberg等,J.Pharm.Pharmacol.(1999),51:1099-1105;Lundberg等,Int.J.Pharm.(2000),205:101-108;Lundberg,J.Pharm.Sci.(1994),83:72-75;Xu等,Molec.Cancer Ther.(2002),1:337-346;Torchilin等,Proc.Nat’l Acad.Sci.,美国(2003),100:6039-6044;美国5,565,215、美国6,379,698和美国2003/0082154。
也已经描述了自聚合物、二氧化硅或金属制备的适于药物递送或成像的纳米微粒或纳米胶囊。参见例如West等,Applications ofNanotechnology to Biotechnology(2000),11:215-217;美国5,620,708、美国5,702,727和美国6,530,944。已经描述了抗体或结合分子缀合于脂质体从而形成治疗剂或诊断剂的靶向载体。参见例如Bendas,Biodrugs(2001),15:215-224;Xu等,Mol.Cancer Ther(2002),1:337-346;Torchilin等,Proc.Nat’l.Acad.Sci.美国(2003),100:6039-6044;Bally等,J.LiposomeRes.(1998),8:299-335;Lundberg,Int.J.Pharm.(1994),109:73-81;Lundberg,J.Pharm.Pharmacol.(1997),49:16-21;Lundberg,Anti-cancerDrug Design(1998),13:453-461。也参见美国6,306,393、美国系列号10/350,096、美国系列号09/590,284和1999年5月9号申请的美国系列号60/138,284。所有文献通过引用并入本文中。
广泛的、各式各样的诊断剂或治疗剂可方便的用于形成稳定束缚结构的缀合物,或者可连接于结合稳定束缚结构识别位点的半抗原上。诊断剂可包括放射性同位素、MRI中使用的增强剂或用于超声成像的造影剂,和荧光化合物。本领域已知许多适当的显像剂以及它们附着到蛋白质或肽的方法(参见美国专利第5,021,236号和第4,472,509号,二者均通过引用并入本文中)。特定的连接方法涉及采用金属螯形络合物例如有机螯合剂比如DTPA连接于蛋白质或肽(美国专利第4,472,509号)。
为了用放射性金属或顺磁性离子装载稳定束缚结构,可需要将其与其中已经连接用于结合放射性金属或顺磁性离子的螯合基的多重拷贝的载体反应。这种载体可为聚赖氨酸、多糖,或具有可结合螯合基的衍生的或可衍生的多聚体物质例如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、卟啉、聚胺、冠醚、二-缩氨基硫脲、聚肟(polyoximes)等已知的适用于此目的的物质。含有螯合物的载体可用最小聚集和丧失免疫反应性最少的标准化学方法偶联到稳定束缚结构。
在美国第4,824,659号中公开了可采用来制备这些缀合物的其他更不常用的方法和反应剂,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。特别有用的金属-螯合物组合包括2-苄基-DTPA及其一甲基和环己基类似物,可与总能量范围为60-4,000 keV的诊断性同位素联用。一些有用的诊断性核素可包括18F、52Fe、62Cu、64Cu、67Cu、67Ga、68Ga、86Y、89Zr、94Tc、94mTc、99mTc或111In。如果与本文所述稳定束缚结构和载体联用,与非放射性金属例如锰、铁和钆络合的相同螯合物适用于MRI。大环螯合物例如NOTA、DOTA和TETA适于和多种金属和射电金属,最特别分别与镓、钇和铜的放射性核素联用。可通过设计环大小使之适合感兴趣金属,从而非常稳定地制备这种金属-螯形络合物。可使用其他环型螯合物例如大环聚醚用于络合223Ra。
治疗剂包括例如化学治疗药物例如长春花生物碱、蒽环类抗生素、表叶毒素、紫杉烷类、抗代谢物、烷化剂、抗生素、Cox-2抑制剂、抗有丝分裂物质、抗血管生成剂和促凋亡剂,尤其是多柔比星、氨甲喋呤、紫杉酚、CPT-11、喜树碱(camptothecans),及其它这类或其他种类的抗癌剂等。其他癌化学治疗药物包括氮芥、烷基磺酸酯、亚硝基脲、三氮烯、叶酸类似物、嘧啶类似物、嘌呤类似物、铂配位络合物、激素等。在REMINGTON′S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,第19版(Mack Publishing Co..1995)及在GOODMAN AND GILMAN′S THEPHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS,第7版(MacMillanPublishing Co.1 985)以及这些出版物的修订版中描述了适当的化学治疗剂。其他适当的化学治疗剂例如实验性药物为本领域技术人员已知,并可使用本领域已知的方法缀合于本文所述稳定束缚结构。
其他类别的治疗剂包括发射α-粒子(例如212Pb、212Bi、213Bi、211At、223Ra、225Ac),发射β-粒子(例如32P、33P、47Sc、67Cu、67Ga、89Sr、90Y、111Ag、125I、131I、142Pr、153Sm、161Tb、166Ho、166Dy、177Lu、186Re、188Re、189Re),或发射俄歇电子(例如11In、125I、67Ga、191Os、193mPt、195mPt、195mHg)的放射性核素。可用一种或多种上述放射性核素使用诊断剂中描述的方法标记稳定束缚结构。
含有可检测标记(例如荧光分子)或细胞毒剂(例如放射性碘)的适当的肽可与稳定束缚结构共价、非共价或其他方式连接。例如可通过光敏剂或染料结合于稳定束缚结构得到治疗上有利的缀合物。荧光组合物例如荧光染料及其他色原体或染料例如对可见光敏感的卟啉已经通过相配光直接照射损伤用于检测和治疗损伤。在治疗上术语称为光辐射、光线疗法或光动力学治疗。参见Jori等(eds.),PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPYOF TUMORS AND OTHER DISEASES(Libreria Progetto 1985);van denBergh,Chem.Britain(1986),22:430。而且为光线疗法单克隆抗体与光敏化染料偶联。参见Mew等,J.Immunol.(1983),130:1473;idem.,CancerRes.(1985),45:4380;Oseroff等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1986),83:8744;idem.,Pbotochem.Photobiol.(1987),46:83;Hasan等,Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.(1989),288:471;Tatsuta等,Lasers Surg.Med.(1989),9:422;Pelegrin等,Cancer(1991),67:2529。也考虑内窥镜检查应用。Endoscopic methods of detection and therapy are described in U.S.在美国4,932,412、美国5,525,338、美国5,716,595、美国5,736,119、美国5,922,302、美国6,096,289和美国6,387,350中公开了内窥镜检查的检测和治疗方法,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
在某些实施方案中,本文公开的新型构建体和方法适于靶向转运RNAi用于治疗性干涉。转运载体可为用内化(internalizing)抗体结合域融合于人鱼精蛋白(小于等于50个氨基酸残基的肽)作为其前体的(二聚体)或a4(四聚体)结构。a2构建体的一个实例为VH-CH1-hP1-DDD1//VL-CL或VH-CH1-hP2-DDD1//VL-CL,其中hP1和hP2分别为人鱼精蛋白1和人鱼精蛋白2,二者均能够形成稳定的DNA复合体用于体内应用(NatBiotechnol.23:709-717,2005;Gene Tberapy.13:194-195,2006)。这种多价复合体促进结合于或受体介导的内化入靶细胞,其中在内含体中非共价键结合的RNAi解离并释放到细胞质中。由于不涉及氧化还原的化学反应,hP1或hP2中存在3个分子内二硫键没有问题。除了RNAi的转运外,这些构建体也可适用于治疗性基因或DNA疫苗的靶向转运。另一有利的方面是应用A4/A2技术制备细胞内抗体,从功能上说其是RNAi的蛋白质类似物。
肽给药
要求保护的方法和/或组合物的各种实施方案可涉及给予受试者一种或多种基于稳定束缚结构的肽。可通过本领域已知的各种途径给予,包括但不限于口服、经鼻、口腔给予、吸入、直肠、阴道、局部给予、正位给药、皮内、皮下、肌内、腹膜内、动脉内、鞘内或静脉注射给予。
口服给予受试者的未修饰肽可在消化道内降解,且根据序列和结构可显示穿过肠内层的吸收不佳。但是已熟知用化学方法修饰肽从而降低其对内源性蛋白酶降解的敏感性或增加其通过消化道的吸收(参见例如Blondelle等,1995,Biophys.J.69:604-11;Ecker和Crooke,1995,Biotechnology 13:351-69;Goodman和Ro,1995,BURGER’SMEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND DRUG DISCOVERY,VOL.I,ed.Wollf,John Wiley & Sons;Goodman和Shao,1996,Pure & Appl.Chem.68:1303-08)。也已经描述了制备肽类似物,例如含有D-氨基酸的肽的文库;包括模拟肽结构的有机分子的肽模拟物;或拟肽例如插烯(vinylogou)拟肽的方法,且可用于构建基于适合受试者口服的稳定束缚结构的肽。
在某些实施方案中,标准的肽键连接可被一种或多种其它连接基团取代,例如CH2-NH、CH2-S、CH2-CH2、CH=CH、CO-CH2、CHOH-CH2等。已熟知用于制备肽模拟物的方法(例如Hruby,1982,Life Sci31:189-99;Holladay等,1983,Tetrahedron Lett24:4401-04;Jennings-White等,1982,Tetrahedron Lett23:2533;Almquiest等,1980,J.Med.Chem.23:1392-98;Hudson等,1979,Int.J.Pept.Res.14:177-185;Spatola等,1986,Life Sci 38:1243-49;美国专利第5,169,862号、第5,539,085号、第5,576,423、第5,051,448号、第5,559,103号,各自通过引用并入本文中)。与其肽类似物相比,肽模拟物可显示出提高的体内的稳定性和/或吸收。
或者,可通过使用N-末端和/或C-末端加帽以防止肽链端解酶活性,从而口服给予肽。例如C-末端可使用酰胺肽加帽,而N-末端可通过肽乙酰化加帽。也可将肽环化来阻断肽链端解酶,例如通过形成环状酰胺、二硫化物、醚、硫化物等。
也可通过用D-氨基酸替换天然存在的L-氨基酸稳定肽,特别是在已知的肽链内切酶作用部位替换。本领域已知肽链内切酶结合和切割的序列,且已经描述了制备和使用结合D-氨基酸的肽的方法(例如McBride等2004年6月14号申请的美国专利申请号20050025709,通过引用并入本文中)。在某些实施方案中,肽和/或蛋白质可通过与蛋白水解酶抑制剂和/或肽酶抑制剂共制备,口服给予。
在Mehta(“Oral delivery and recombinant production of peptidehormones,”(肽激素的口服给药和重组制备)2004年6月,BioPharmInternational)中公开了治疗性肽的口服给药的其他方法。给予包有肠溶衣的固体剂型形式的肽和赋形剂,其中赋形剂调节肠蛋白水解活性并提高肽的跨肠壁转运。使用这种技术完整肽的相对生物利用度在给药剂量的1%-10%范围内。使用包有肠溶衣的微胶囊已经成功的给予狗胰岛素和牛胆酸钠与蛋白酶抑制剂(Ziv等,1994,J.Bone Miner.Res.18(Suppl.2):792-94)。已经使用酰基肉毒碱作为渗透促进剂及肠溶衣完成肽口服给药(Eudragit L30D-55,Rohm Pharma Polymers,参见Mebta,2004)。用于口服给予肽的赋形剂可通常包括一种或多种肠蛋白酶/肽酶的抑制剂、去污剂或其他药物从而提高肽的溶解度或吸收,其可包装于包有肠溶衣的胶囊或片剂中(Mehta,2004)。胶囊中可包括有机酸,当胶囊在肠中溶解时酸化肠且抑制肠蛋白酶活性(Mehta,2004)。用于口服递送肽的的另一种选择包括缀合于基于聚乙二醇(PEG)的两性分子低聚物,增加吸收并抑制酶的降解(Soltero和Ekwuribe,2001,Pharm.Technol.6:110)。[0083]在其它又一些实施方案中,可通过缀合于特定蛋白质例如IgG1的Fc区而修饰肽,用于口服或吸入给予(参见实施例3-7)。例如在Low等.(2005,Hum.Reprod.20:1805-13)和Dumont等(2005,J.Aerosol.Med.18:294-303)中公开了肽-Fc缀合物的制备和使用方法,各自通过引用并入本文中。Low等(2005)公开了FSH的α和β亚基以单链或异源二聚体形式缀合于IgG1的Fc区,使用重组技术在CHO细胞中表达。通过新生儿Fc受体介导的转运系统经肺或肠上皮细胞吸收缀合Fc的肽。与天然肽相比缀合Fc的肽显示出提高稳定性和体内吸收。也观察到异源二聚体缀合物比单链形式更具活性。
蛋白质和肽
可使用在要求保护的方法和组合物内的许多种多肽或蛋白质。在某些实施方案中,蛋白质可包含包括抗原结合位点的抗体或抗体片段的蛋白质。本文所用的蛋白质、多肽或肽通常是指但不限于最多全长序列均自基因翻译的超过约200个氨基酸的蛋白质,超过约100个氨基酸的蛋白质,和/或约3-约100个氨基酸的肽。为了方便起见,术语“蛋白质”、“多肽”和“肽”文中可互换使用。相应的术语“蛋白质或肽”包括包含天然存在蛋白质中发现的20种普通氨基酸中至少一种的氨基酸序列,或至少一种修饰后或不常见氨基酸。
本文所用“氨基酸残基”指本领域已知的任何天然存在的氨基酸,任何氨基酸衍生物或任何氨基酸模拟物。在某些实施方案中,蛋白质或肽的残基为连续的,没有任何中断氨基酸序列的非氨基酸。在另一些实施方案中,序列可包含一种或多种非氨基酸部分。在特定的实施方案中,蛋白质或肽的残基序列可被一种或多种非氨基酸部分中断。
相应的,术语“蛋白质或肽”指氨基酸序列,该序列包含至少一种在天然存在的蛋白质中发现的20种普通氨基酸,或至少一种包括但不限于下列所示的修饰的或不常见氨基酸。
可通过本领域已知的任何技术制备蛋白质或肽,包括通过标准分子生物学技术表达蛋白质、多肽或肽,从天然来源分离蛋白质或肽或化学合成蛋白质或肽。以前已经公开了与各种基因相对应的核苷酸、蛋白质、多肽和肽序列,且本领域普通技术人员可在计算机化数据库中找到。一种这样的数据库为National Center for Biotechnology Information’sGenbank and GenPept databases(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)。可使用本文公开的技术或为本领域技术人员已知的技术扩增和/或表达已知基因的编码区。或者本领域技术人员知道各种商品化的蛋白质、多肽和肽制剂。
肽模拟物
制备多肽的另一种实施方案为使用肽模拟物。模拟物为模拟蛋白质二级结构元件的含有肽的分子。参见例如Johnson等,“Peptide TurnMimetics”in BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACY,Pezzuto等,Eds.,Chapman和Hall,New York(1993),通过引用并入本文。肽模拟物的使用基本原理是,蛋白质的肽主链的存在主要用来定向氨基酸侧链以便于分子间相互作用,例如抗体和抗原见的相互作用。预期肽模拟物能使分子间相互作用类似于天然分子。
融合蛋白
各种实施方案可涉及融合蛋白。这些分子通常具有肽的全部或实质部分,在其N-末端或C-末端连接于第二种肽或蛋白质的整体或部分上。本领域技术人员已熟知产生融合蛋白的方法。例如可使用双功能交联剂通过化学结合,通过完整融合蛋白的从头合成,或者通过编码第一种蛋白质或肽的DNA序列连接于编码第二种肽或蛋白质的DNA序列,然后表达这种完整融合蛋白制成这种蛋白质。
合成肽
可根据常规技术在溶液中或在固体支持物上合成完整或部分蛋白质或肽。根据已知资料可商业购得并可使用各种自动合成仪。参见例如Stewart和Young,(1984,Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis,2d.ed.,PierceChemical Co.);Tam等,(1983,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,105:6442);Merrifield,(1986,Science,232:341-347);Barany和Merrifield(1979,The Peptides,Gross and Meienhofer,eds.,Academic Press,New York,第1-284页)。通过这种方法可容易的合成通常约6至约35-50个氨基酸的短肽序列。或者,可采用重组DNA技术,其中编码感兴趣肽的核苷酸序列插入到表达载体中,转化或转染适当的宿主细胞,并培养在适当条件下进行表达。
抗体
各种实施方案可涉及用于靶向的抗体。本文所用术语“抗体”是指具有抗原结合区,并包括抗体片段例如Fab’、Fab、F(ab’)2、单域抗体(DABs)、Fv、scFv(单链抗体Fv)等的任何抗体样分子。本领域已熟知多种基于抗体的构建体和片段的制备技术和用途。本领域也已经熟知抗体的制备和鉴定方法(参见例如Harlowe和Lane,1988,Antibodies:ALaboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)。也可自广泛的各种途径商业购得所用的抗体。例如自美国典型培养物保藏中心(AmericanType Culture Collection)(ATCC,Manassas,VA)可得到许多种分泌型抗体杂交瘤系。包括但不限于肿瘤相关抗原的大量抗各种疾病靶标的抗体已经保藏于ATCC并可用于要求保护的方法和组合物中。
抗体片段的产生
要求保护的方法和/或组合物的一些实施方案可涉及抗体片段。可通过常规方法用胃蛋白酶或木瓜蛋白酶消化整个抗体获得这种抗体片段。例如可通过用胃蛋白酶酶切抗体产生抗体片段而提供F(ab′)2片段。该片段可进一步用巯基还原剂切割,然后任选用保护基保护二硫键断裂产生的巯基,从而产生Fab′单价片段。或者使用番木瓜蛋白酶酶切产生两种单价Fab片段和Fc片段。在美国专利第4,036,945号、美国专利第4,331,647号,Nisonoff等,1960,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,89:230;Porter,1959,Biochem.J.,73:119;Edelman等,1967,METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY,第422页(Academic Press)和Coligan等,(eds.),1991,CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY,(JohnWiley & Sons)中公开了产生抗体片段的示例性方法。
也可使用切割抗体的其它方法,例如分离重链形成单价轻链-重链片段,进一步切割片段,或使用其它酶切、化学或遗传学技术,使片段结合于完整抗体识别的抗原。例如Fv片段包含VH链和VL链的缔合。这种缔合可为非共价的,如Inbar等,1972,Proc.Nat′l.Acad.Sci.USA,69:2659所述。或者,可变链可通过分子间二硫键连接或通过化学物质例如戊二醛交联。参见Sandhu,1992,Crit.Rev.Biotech.,12:437。
优选的Fv片段包含通过肽接头结合的VH和VL链。通过构建包含编码由寡核苷酸接头序列连接的VH和VL域的DNA序列的结构基因,制备单链抗原结合蛋白(sFv)。将结构基因插入到表达载体,然后引入到宿主细胞例如大肠杆菌中。重组宿主细胞合成带有桥接这两个V域的接头肽的单多肽链。本领域中熟知产生sFv’s的方法。参见WhitloW等,1991,Methods:A Companion to Methods in Enzymology(酶学方法手册)2:97;Bird等,1988,Science,242:423;美国专利第4,946,778号;Pack等,1993,Bio/Technology,11:1271,和Sandhu,1992,Crit.Rev.Biotech.,12:437。
另一种形式的抗体片段为编码单个互补性决定区(CDR)的肽。CDR肽(“最小识别单位”)可通过构建编码感兴趣抗体CDR的基因获得。例如通过使用聚合酶链反应从产生抗体的细胞的RNA合成可变区来制备这种基因。参见Larrick等,1991,Methods:A Companion toMethods in Enzymology 2:106;Ritter等(eds.),1995,MONOCLONALANTIBODIES:PRODUCTION,ENGINEERING AND CLINICALAPPLICATION,第166-179页(Cambridge University Press);Birch等,(eds.),1995,MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES:PRINCIPLES ANDAPPLICATIONS,第137-185页(Wiley-Liss,Inc.)。
嵌合抗体和人源化抗体
嵌合抗体为重组蛋白质,其中人抗体的可变区被例如包括小鼠抗体的互补性决定区(CDRs)的小鼠抗体的可变区取代。当给予受试者时,嵌合抗体显示出免疫原性降低而稳定性增加。本领域已熟知构建嵌合抗体的方法(例如Leung等,1994,Hybridoma 13:469)。
可通过将小鼠CDRs自小鼠免疫球蛋白的重可变链和轻可变链转移入相应人抗体的可变域来人源化嵌合单克隆抗体。小鼠嵌合单克隆抗体中的框架区(FR)也用人FR序列取代。为保护人源化单克隆的稳定性和抗原特异性,可用小鼠对应残基取代一种或多种人FR残基。人源化单克隆抗体可用于治疗受试者。也可通过选择性修饰CDR序列提高人源化抗体对靶标的亲和力(WO0029584A1)。本领域已熟知产生人源化单克隆抗体的技术。(参见例如Jones等,1986,Nature,321:522;Riechmann等,Nature,1988,332:323;Verhoeyen等,1988,Science,239:1534;Carter等,1992,Proc.Nat′l Acad.Sci.USA,89:4285;Sandhu,Crit.Rev.Biotech.,1992,12:437;Tempest等,1991,Biotechnology 9:266;Singer等,J.Immunol.,1993,150:2844)。
其它实施方案可涉及非人类的灵长类抗体。例如在Goldenberg等,WO 91/11465(1991)和Losman等,Int.J.Cancer 46:310(1990)中描述了用于产生治疗上有效的狒狒抗体的通用技术。
人抗体
本领域已知使用组合方法或用人免疫球蛋白基因座转化转基因动物产生全人抗体的方法(例如Mancini等,2004,New Microbiol.27:315-28;Conrad和Scheller,2005,Comb.Chem.High Throughput Screen.8:117-26;Brekke和Loset,2003,Curr.Opin.Phamacol.3:544-50;各自通过引用并入本文)。这种全人抗体预期比嵌合或人源化抗体显示出更少的副作用,并且在体内的功能基本与内源性人抗体相同。在某些实施方案中,要求保护的方法和步骤可利用通过这种技术制成的人抗体。
在一个备选方案中,可使用噬菌体展示技术产生人抗体(例如Dantas-Barbosa等,2005,Genet.Mol.Res.4:126-40,通过引用并入本文)。可自正常人或自显示特定疾病状态的人例如癌患者(Dantas-Barbosa等,2005)产生人抗体。自患病个体构建人抗体的优势在于,循环抗体库可偏向(biased towards)抗疾病相关抗原的抗体。
在这种方法论的非限制性实例中,Dantas-Barbosa等(2005)自骨肉瘤患者构建了人Fab抗体片段的噬菌体展示文库。通常,总RNA得自循环血淋巴细胞(Id.)。重组Fab克隆自μ、γ和κ链抗体库并插入到噬菌体展示文库(Id.)中。使用抗免疫球蛋白重链和轻链序列的特异性引物将RNAs转化为cDNAs,并用来制造Fab cDNA文库(Marks等,1991,J.Mol.Biol.222:581-97,通过引用并入本文)。按照Andris-Widhopf等(2000,In:Phage Display Laboratory Manual,Barbas等(eds),第一版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor,NY第9.1-9.22页,通过引用并入本文)进行文库构建。用限制性内切酶消化最终的Fab片段并插入到噬菌体基因组中来制造噬菌体展示文库。可通过本领域已知的标准噬菌体展示方法筛选这种文库。技术人员将认识到,这种技术仅为示例性的并且可利用噬菌体展示制造与筛选人抗体或抗体片段的任何已知方法。
在另一个备选方案中,使用标准免疫方案,经基因工程改造产生人抗体的转基因动物可用于生产抗基本上所有免疫原性靶标的抗体。这种系统的非限制性实例为得自Abgenix(Fremont,CA)的XenoMouse_(例如Green等,1999,J.Immunol.Methods 231:11-23,通过引用并入本文)。在XenoMouse_和类似动物中,小鼠抗体基因已经灭活并被功能性人抗体基因取代,同时其余的小鼠免疫系统保留完整。
用种系配置的(germline-configured)YACs(酵母人工染色体)转化XenoMouse_,YACs含有部分人IgH和Igκ基因座,其中包括大多数可变区序列,以及附加基因和调节序列。人可变区库可用来产生产抗体B细胞,可通过已有技术将该B细胞加工为杂交瘤。用靶抗原免疫的XenoMouse_通过正常免疫反应产生人抗体,其可通过上面讨论的标准技术收获和/或产生。可得到各种品系的XenoMouse_,每种能产生不同种类的抗体。这种人抗体可通过化学交联或其他已知方法偶联到其他分子。转基因方法产生的人抗体经证明具有治疗潜力,同时保留正常人抗体的药代动力学性质(Green等,1999)。技术人员将认识到要求保护的组合物和方法不限于使用XenoMouse_系统,而是可利用任何转基因动物通过基因工程产生人抗体。
预先靶向(Pre-Targeting)
一种双特异性稳定束缚结构的使用策略包括预先靶向方法,其中在给予受试者双特异性稳定束缚结构后给予效应器部分。包括效应器、半抗原或载体和患病组织的结合位点的双特异性稳定束缚结构定位在患病组织并提高效应器对患病组织的定位特异性(美国专利申请第20050002945号)。因为效应器分子自循环清除的速率可比双特异性稳定束缚结构的快的多,所以如果采用预先靶向策略,相比于效应器分子直接连接于患病靶抗体,正常组织可减少接触效应器分子。
已经发展了预先靶向方法来提高检测或治疗剂的靶标:本底(target:background)比率。在例如Goodwin等,美国专利第4,863,713号;Goodwin等,J.Nucl.Med.29:226,1988;Hnatowich等,J.Nucl.Med.28:1294,1987;Oehr等,J.Nucl.Med.29:728,1988;Klibanov等,J.Nucl.Med.29:1951,1988;Sinitsyn等,J.Nucl.Med.30:66,1989;Kalofonos等,J.Nucl.Med.31:1791,1990;Schechter等,Int.J.Cancer 48:167,1991;Paganelli等,Cancer Res.51:5960,1991;Paganelli等,Nucl.Med.Commun.12:211,1991;美国专利第5,256,395号;Stickney等,CancerRes.51:6650,1991;Yuan等,Cancer Res.51:3119,1991;美国专利第6,077,499号;美国系列号09/597,580;美国系列号10/361,026;美国系列号09/337,756;美国系列号09/823,746;美国系列号10/116,116;美国系列号09/382,186;美国系列号10/150,654;美国专利第6,090,381号;美国专利第6,472,511号;美国系列号10/114,315;美国临时申请号60/386,411;美国临时申请号60/345,641;美国临时申请号60/3328,835;美国临时申请号60/426,379;美国系列号09/823,746;美国系列号09/337,756;美国临时申请号60/342,103中描述了预先靶向的实例和生物素/卵白素方法的实例,所有其内容通过引用并入本文中。
在某些实施方案中,双特异性构建体和可靶向构建体可有利于治疗和/或成像正常或患病组织或器官,例如使用在美国专利第6,126,916号、第6,077,499号、第6,010,680号、第5,776,095号、第5,776,094号、第5,776,093号、第5,772,981号、第5,753,206号、第5,746,996号、第5,697,902号、第5,328,679号、第5,128,119号、第5,101,827号和第4,735,210号中所述方法,各自通过引用并入本文中。在1999年6月22号申请的美国专利申请系列号09/337,756和2001年4月3号申请的美国专利申请系列号09/823,746中描述了其它方法。
适体
在某些实施方案中,用于构建体形成的前体可包含适体。构建及确定适体结合性质的方法为本领域所熟知。例如在美国专利第5,582,981号、第5,595,877号和第5,637,459号中描述了这种技术,各自通过引用并入本文中。
可通过任何已知方法包括合成、重组和提纯方法制备适体,并可单独使用或与相同靶向特异性的其他配体组合使用。通常至少大约3个核苷酸,优选至少5个核苷酸为影响特异性结合所必需的。虽然可优选10、20、30或40个核苷酸的适体,但是小于10个碱基的适体序列可能是适宜的。
适体需要含有赋予结合特异性的序列,但是可使用侧翼区进行扩展和其它方式衍生化。在优选的实施方案中,适体的结合序列侧面相接的可为引物结合序列,促进适体经PCR或其它扩增技术扩增。在另一个实施方案中,侧翼序列可包含优先识别或结合某一组成成分以增强适体与底物的固定作用的特异性序列。
适体可作为常规DNA或RNA分子进行分离、测序和/或扩增或合成。或者,感兴趣的适体可包含修饰后的低聚物。适体中通常存在的任何羟基可被膦酸基团、磷酸基取代,用标准保护基团保护,或被活化以产生与其它核苷酸的额外连接键,或可缀合于固体载体上。一种或多种磷酸二酯键可由可选择的连接基团取代,例如P(O)S、P(O)NR2、P(O)R、P(O)OR′、CO或CNR2取代P(O)O,其中R为H或烷基(1-20C),R′为烷基(1-20C),另外,这种基团可经O或S连接于邻近核苷酸。并非低聚物中所有键均需要相同。
已经熟知制备和筛选结合于特定的感兴趣靶点的适体的方法,例如美国专利第5,475,096号和美国专利第5,270,163号的方法,各自通过引用并入本文中。这种技术通常涉及从候选适体混合物中选择及分步重复结合、自未结合适体分离出结合的适体并扩增。因为在混合物中仅有少量相应于最高亲和力适体的序列(可能仅有一分子的适体),通常需要设定分配标准使分离期间混合物中保留显著量的适体(约5%-50%)。每个循环导致对靶标具高亲和力的适体的富集。可重复进行3-6个选择和扩增循环,以产生高亲和力及特异性结合于靶标的适体。Avimers
在某些实施方案中,本文所述前体、组分和/或复合体可包含一种或多种avimer序列。Avimers为一类对多种靶分子的亲和力和特异性多少类似于抗体的结合蛋白。通过体外外显子改组和噬菌体展示自人细胞外受体开发(Silverman等,2005,Nat.Biotechnol.23:1493-94;Silverman等,2006,Nat.Biotechnol.24:220.)。所得多域(multidomain)蛋白可包含亲和力(一些情况下亚纳摩尔(subnanomolar))和特异性比单-表位结合蛋白提高的多个独立结合域。(Id.)在各种实施方案中,avimers可连接于例如在要求保护的方法和组合物中使用的DDD和/或AD序列。例如在美国专利申请公开号20040175756、20050048512、20050053973、20050089932和20050221384中公开了关于avimers构建和使用的详细方法,每个文献的实施例部分通过引用并入本文。
疾病组织检测、诊断和成像的方法
基于蛋白质的体外诊断
本发明考虑使用稳定束缚结构体外和或体内筛选存在疾病相关抗原的生物样品。在示例性免疫测定中,如下所述可利用液相中或结合于固相载体中的包含抗体、融合蛋白或其片段的稳定束缚结构。在优选的实施方案中,尤其是涉及体内给药时抗体或其片段为人源化的。也优选完整人的抗体或抗体片段。仍更优选的,融合蛋白包含人源化的或完整的人抗体。技术人员将认识到,许多用于测定特定基因表达水平的技术是已知的,可使用任何这种已知的方法,例如免疫测定、RT-PCR、mRNA纯化和/或cDNA制备,然后与基因表达测定芯片杂交,来测定个体受试者和/或组织中表达水平。适用的示例性体外测定包括RIA、ELISA、夹心酶联免疫分析、蛋白质印迹、槽印迹、点印迹法等。虽然使用完整抗体发展了这种技术,但是可使用掺有抗体、抗体片段或其它结合部分的稳定束缚结构。
掺有抗体、融合蛋白、抗体片段和/或其它结合部分的稳定束缚结构,也可用来检测由组织学样本制备的组织切片中的靶抗原。这种原位检测可用来确定抗原的存在并确定在检验组织中抗原的分布。可通过应用可检测标记的结构至冰冻的或石蜡包埋的组织切片进行原位检测。原位检测的通用技术为普通技术人员所熟知。参见例如Ponder,″Cell Marking Techniques and Their Application,″(细胞标记技术及应用)inMAMMALLAN DEVELOPMENT:A PRACTICAL APPROACH 113-38Monk(ed.)(IRL出版1987),and Coligan在第5.8.1-5.8.8页。
可用任何适当的标记部分,例如放射性同位素、酶、荧光标记、染料、色原体、化学发光标记(chemiluminescent label)、生物发光标记或顺磁性标记可检测性标记稳定束缚结构。
标记部分可为放射性同位素,通过使用γ计数器或β-闪烁计数器或通过放射自显影法检测。在优选的实施方案中,诊断性缀合物为γ辐射同位素、β辐射同位素、或正电子-辐射同位素。标记部分是指在预定条件下产生信号的分子。标记部分的实例包括放射性同位素、酶、荧光标记、化学发光标记、生物发光标记和顺磁性标记。可通过本领域已知标准技术完成标记部分结合于稳定束缚结构。Kennedy等,Clin.Chim.Acta 70:1(1976),Schurs等,Clin.Chim.Acta 81:1(1977),Shih等,Int′l J.Cancer 46:1101(1990)中描述了这方面的典型方法论。
基于核酸的体外诊断
在一些实施方案中,稳定束缚结构可结合核酸部分。在特定实施方案中,特别是使用核酸扩增方法分析核酸可用来确定结合水平。本领域已知多种形式的扩增并且可使用任何这些已知方法。通常扩增涉及使用一种或多种选择性杂交或特异性靶向待扩增核酸序列的引物。
本文所用术语引物,包括在模板依赖性方法中能够启动新生核酸合成的任何核酸。用于选择和设计扩增引物的计算机程序可商业上购得和/或自技术人员熟知的公开来源得到。许多模板依赖性方法可用于扩增在给定样品中的标记序列。一种最有名的扩增方法是聚合酶链反应(称为PCR),在美国专利第4,683,195号、第4,683,202号和第4,800,159号中详细描述了这种方法。但是也已知并可使用其他扩增方法。
体内诊断
已熟知用标记性肽或MAbs的诊断性成像的方法。例如在免疫闪烁成像技术中,用γ辐射放射性同位素标记配体或抗体并引入患者体内。使用γ射线照相机检测γ辐射放射性同位素的定位和分布。参见例如Srivastava(ed.),RADIOLABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIESFOR IMAGING AND THERAPY(Plenum出版1988),Chase,″MedicalApplications of Radioisotopes,″(放射性同位素的医学应用)inREMINGTON′S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,第18版,Gennaro等(eds.),第624-652页(Mack Publishing Co.,1990),和Brown,″ClinicalUse of Monoclonal Antibodies,″(单克隆抗体的临床应用)inBIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACY 227-49,Pezzuto等(eds.)(Chapman & Hall 1993)。也优选使用发射正电子的放射性核素(PET同位素),例如具有511keV的能量,例如18F、68Ga、64Cu和124I。可通过直接标记稳定束缚结构,或通过如在Goldenberg等,“Antibody Pre-targeting Advances Cancer Radioimmunodetection andRadioimmunotherapy,”(预先靶向抗体放射免疫检测和放射免疫治疗晚期癌症)(J Clin Oncol 2006;24:823-834)中所述的预先靶向(pretargeted)成像方法介导这种成像,也参见美国专利公开第20050002945号、第20040018557号、第20030148409号和第20050014207号,各自通过引用并入本文中。
通过选择能够使半衰期最短、体内存留最少及允许检测和精确测量的同位素的量最少这三者达到最佳组合的同位素,将递送到患者体内的放射剂量维持在尽可能低的水平。适于诊断性成像的放射性同位素的实例包括99mTc和111In。
为体内诊断目的,稳定束缚结构或结合于它们的半抗原或载体也可用顺磁性离子及各种放射性造影剂标记。特别适于核磁共振成像的造影剂包含钆、锰、镝、镧或铁离子。其它药物包括铬、铜、钴、镍、铼、铕、铽、钬或钕。配体、抗体及其片段也可缀合于超声造影剂/增强剂。例如一种超声造影剂为包含人源化IgG或其片段的脂质体。也优选这种超声造影剂为充填气体的脂质体。
显像剂和放射性同位素
本领域已知许多适当的显像剂及将其连接于蛋白质或肽的方法(参见例如美国专利第5,021,236号和第4,472,509号,二者内容通过引用并入本文)。某些连接方法涉及使用例如采用有机螯合剂比如连接于蛋白质或肽的DTPA金属螯形络合物(美国专利第4,472,509号)。在偶联剂例如戊二醛或高碘酸盐存在下,蛋白质或肽也可与酶反应。在偶联剂存在下或通过与异硫氰酸酯反应制备用荧光素标记的缀合物。
潜在的用作显像剂的顺磁性离子的非限制性实例包括铬(III)、锰(II)、铁(III)、铁(II)、钴(II)、镍(II)、铜(II)、钕(III)、钐(III)、镱(III)、钆(III)、钒(II)、铽(III)、镝(III)、钬(III)、铒(III),特别优选钆。利于文中其它部分例如X线显像使用的离子包括但不限于镧(III)、金(III)、铅(II),及特别的铋(III)。
用于成像的潜在的放射性同位素或治疗剂包括砹211、碳14、Cr51、氯36、钴57、钴58、铜62、铜64、铜67、Eu152、氟18、镓67、镓68、氢3、碘123、碘124、碘125、碘131、铟111、铁52、铁59、镥177、磷32、磷33、铼186、铼188、Sc47、硒75、银111、硫35、锝94m、锝99m、钇86和钇90、锆89。由于其能量低且适于大范围测量,I125经常优选用在某些实施方案中,锝99m和铟111也经常优选使用。
可根据本领域中熟知技术制备放射性标记蛋白质或肽。例如它们可通过与碘化钠或碘化钾及化学氧化剂例如次氯酸钠或酶氧化剂例如乳酸过氧化物酶接触而碘化。可用锝99m通过配体交换方法标记蛋白质或肽,例如通过用二价锡溶液还原性高锝酸盐(pertechnate),将还原的锝螯合到葡聚糖凝胶柱上并将肽上柱,或者通过直接标记技术,例如通过孵育高锝酸盐、还原剂例如SNCl2、缓冲液例如酞酸钠-钾溶液和肽进行标记。经常用于将以金属离子形式存在的放射性同位素与肽结合的中间功能团包括二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)、DOTA、NOTA、卟啉螯合剂和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。也考虑使用荧光素标记,包括若丹明、异硫氰酸荧光素和肾造影剂。
在某些实施方案中,蛋白质或肽可连接于第二种结合配体或酶(一种酶标签)产生一种与显色底物有关的显色产物。适当的酶的实例包括尿素酶、碱性磷酸酶、(辣根)过氧化氢酶和葡萄糖氧化酶。优选的第二种结合配体为生物素和卵白素或抗生蛋白链菌素化合物。使用的这些标记为本领域技术人员所熟知且在例如美国专利第3,817,837号、第3,850,752号、第3,939,350号、第3,996,345号、第4,277,437号、第4,275,149号和第4,366,241号中得到描述,各自通过引用并入本文中。这些荧光标记优选用于体外,但是也可于体内应用,特别是内窥镜检查或血管内检测步骤。
在可选择的实施方案中,配体、抗体或其它蛋白质或肽可用荧光标记做标记。光检测标记的非限制性实例包括Alexa 350、Alexa430、AMCA、氨基吖啶、BODIPY 630/650、BODIPY 650/665、BODIPY-FL、BODIPY-R6G、BODIPY-TMR、BODIPY-TRX、5-羧基-4′,5′-二氯-2′,7′-二甲氧基荧光素、5-羧基-2′,4′,5′,7′-四氯荧光素、5-羧基荧光素、5-羧基若丹明、6-羧基若丹明、6-羧基四甲基氨基、Cascade Blue、Cy2、Cy3、Cy5,6-FAM、丹磺酰氯、荧光素、HEX、6-JOE、NBD(7-硝基苯并-2-氧杂-1,3-二唑)、Oregon Green 488、Oregon Green 500、Oregon Green 514、Pacific Blue、酞酸、对苯二甲酸、异酞酸、甲酚紫(cresyl fast violet)、甲酚蓝紫(cresyl blue violet)、亮甲酚蓝、对氨基苯甲酸、藻红、酞菁、偶氮甲碱、花青、黄嘌呤、琥珀酰荧光素、稀土金属穴状化合物、三-联吡啶二胺铕(europium trisbipyridine diamine)、铕穴状化合物或螯合物、二胺、双花青苷、La Jolla蓝色染料、别藻蓝蛋白(allopycocyanin)、别藻蓝蛋白B(allococyanin B)、藻蓝蛋白C、藻蓝蛋白R、硫胺素、藻红青素、藻红蛋白R、REG、若丹明绿、若丹明异硫氰酸盐、若丹明红、ROX、TAMRA、TET、TRIT(四甲基若丹明异硫醇)、四甲基若丹明、Edans及德克萨斯红。这些或其它发光标记可自商业来源例如Molecular Probes(Eugene,OR)和EMD Biosciences(SanDiego,CA)获得。
有用的化学发光标记包括氨基苯二酰肼、异氨基苯二酰肼、芳香族吖啶酯、咪唑、吖啶_(acridinium)盐和草酸酯,或生物发光化合物例如荧光素、荧光素酶和水母发光蛋白。可在例如手术中、内窥镜检查或血管内肿瘤或疾病诊断中使用诊断性缀合物。
在各种实施方案中,有用的标记包含金属纳米微粒。已经知道制备纳米微粒的方法。(参见例如美国专利第6,054,495号、第6,127,120号、第6,149,868号;Lee和Meisel,J.Phys.Chem.86:3391-3395,1982.)也可自商业来源购得纳米微粒(例如NanoprobesInc.,Yaphank,NY;Polysciences,Inc.,Warrington,PA)。修饰后纳米微粒可自商业购得,例如得自Nanoprobes,Inc. (Yaphank,NY)的Nanogold_纳米微粒。可商业购得用于缀合于蛋白质或肽的有用的功能性纳米微粒。
治疗剂
药用组合物
在一些实施方案中,稳定束缚结构和/或一种或多种其他治疗剂可给予受试者,例如癌症患者。这些药物可以药用组合物形式给药。通常要求制备的组合物基本没有可对人或动物有害的杂质。本领域技术人员将知道可通过多种途径包括例如口服或非胃肠道比如静脉注射给予受试者。
在某些实施方案中,必须给予受试者有效量的治疗药物。“有效量”是产生所需效应的药物的量。有效量依赖于例如药物的效力和期望效应。与为减少或消除实体瘤或为防止或减少其转移的治疗癌症所需的量相比,可需要例如较少量的抗血管生成剂用于治疗增生性疾病,例如黄斑变性或子宫内膜异位。可使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法确定用于特定目的的特定药物有效量。
化学治疗剂
在某些实施方案中,可给予化学治疗剂。有用的抗癌化学治疗剂包括但不限于5-氟尿嘧啶、博来霉素、白消安、喜树碱、卡铂、苯丁酸氮芥、顺铂(CDDP)、环磷酰胺、更生霉素、柔红霉素、多柔比星、雌激素受体结合剂、依托泊苷(VP16)、法呢基蛋白转化酶抑制剂、吉西他滨、异环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素、诺维本、nitrosurea、plicomycin、丙卡巴肼、雷洛昔芬、他莫昔芬、紫杉酚、temazolomide(DTIC的水溶液形式)、反铂(transplatinum)、长春碱和甲氨蝶呤、长春新碱,或前述物质的任何类似物或衍生变异体。有利于抗感染有机体的化学治疗剂包括但不限于阿昔洛维、阿苯达唑、金刚烷胺、阿米卡星、阿莫西林、两性霉素B、氨苄西林、氨曲南、阿奇霉素、杆菌肽、复方新诺明、巴特芬_、联苯苄唑、羧苄西林、卡泊芬净、头孢克洛、头孢唑林、头孢菌素类、头孢吡肟、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、氯霉素、西多福韦、Cipro_、克拉霉素、克拉维酸、克霉唑、氯唑西林、多西环素、益康唑、erythrocycline、红霉素、甲硝唑、氟康唑、氟胞嘧啶、膦甲酸、呋喃唑酮、更昔洛韦、庆大霉素、亚胺培南、异烟肼、伊曲康唑、卡那霉素、酮康唑、林可霉素、利奈唑胺、美罗培南、咪康唑、米诺环素、萘替芳、萘啶酸、新霉素、奈替米星、呋喃妥因、制霉菌素、奥塞米韦、苯唑西林、巴龙霉素、青霉素、喷他脒、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、利福布汀、利福平、金刚乙胺、链霉素、磺胺甲_唑、柳氮磺吡啶、四环素、噻康唑、妥布霉素、托西拉酯、托萘酯、甲氧苄啶磺胺甲_唑、伐昔洛韦、万古霉素、扎那米韦和阿齐霉素(zithromycin)。
本领域技术人员已熟知化学治疗剂及给药方法、剂量等(参见例如the“Physicians Desk Reference”,Goodman & Gilman’s“ThePharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”和in“Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences”,相关部分内容通过引用并入本文中)。剂量的部分变化依赖于需治疗受试者的病况。无论如何负责给药的人员确定各个受试者的适当剂量。
激素
皮质类固醇激素可提高其它化学治疗剂的效力,因而其时常联用治疗。强的松和地塞米松为皮质类固醇激素的实例。黄体酮例如己酸羟孕酮、乙酸美屈孕酮、乙酸甲地孕酮已经用于子宫内膜和乳腺癌的治疗。雌激素例如己烯雌酚和乙炔雌二醇已经用于治疗癌症例如前列腺癌。抗雌激素药例如他莫昔芬已经用于治疗癌症例如乳腺癌。雄激素例如丙酸睾丸素和氟甲睾酮已经用于治疗乳腺癌。
血管生成抑制剂
在某些实施方案中,可使用抗血管生成剂为血管他丁、baculostatin、canstatin、乳腺丝抑蛋白、抗VEGF抗体、抗PlGF肽和抗体、抗血管生长因子抗体、抗-Flk-1抗体、抗-Flt-1抗体或肽、层粘连蛋白肽、纤连蛋白肽、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂、干扰素、白介素12、IP-10、Gro-β、血小板反应蛋白、2-甲氧基雌二醇、增殖素相关蛋白、carboxiamidotriazole、CM101、马立马司他、戊聚糖多硫酸酯、促血管生成素2、干扰素-α、除莠霉素A、PNU145156E、16K催乳素片段、利诺胺、沙利度胺、己酮可可碱、金雀异黄素、TNP-470、内皮他丁、紫杉醇、accutin、血管他丁、西多福韦、长春新碱、博来霉素、AGM-1470、血小板因子IV或米诺环素。
免疫调节剂
本文所用术语“免疫调节剂”包括细胞因子、干细胞生长因子、淋巴细胞毒素和血细胞生成因子例如白介素、集落刺激因子、干扰素(例如干扰素-α、干扰素-β和干扰素-γ)及表示为“S1因子”的干细胞生长因子。适当的免疫调节剂部分的实例包括IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-18、IL-21、干扰素-γ、TNF-α等。
术语“细胞因子”为一种作为细胞间调节剂作用于另一细胞的细胞群释放的蛋白质或肽的总称。如本文广泛使用的细胞因子的实例包括淋巴因子、单核因子、生长因子和常用的多肽激素。细胞因子包括生长激素例如人生长激素、N-甲硫氨酰人生长激素和牛生长激素;甲状旁腺激素、甲状腺素、胰岛素、胰岛素原、松弛素、松弛素原、糖蛋白激素例如促卵胞生成激素(FSH)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促黄体发生激素(LH);肝生长因子、前列腺素、成纤维细胞生长因子、催乳激素、胎盘催乳激素、OB蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、肿瘤坏死因子-β、苗勒氏抑制物质、小鼠促性腺素相关肽、抑制素、活化素、血管内皮生长因子、整联蛋白、血小板生成素(TPO)、神经生长因子(NGF)例如NGF-β、血小板生长因子;转化生长因子(TGF)例如TGF-α、TGF-β;胰岛素样生长因子-I、胰岛素样生长因子-II、促红细胞生成素(EPO)、骨诱导因子;干扰素例如干扰素-α、干扰素-β、干扰素-γ、集落刺激因子(CSF)例如巨噬细胞-CSF(M-CSF)、粒细胞-巨噬细胞-CSF(GM-CSF)、粒细胞-CSF(G-CSF);白介素(IL)例如IL-1、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-18、IL-21、LIF、G-CSF、GM-CSF、M-CSF、EPO、kit-配体或FLT-3、血管他丁、血小板反应蛋白、内皮他丁、肿瘤坏死因子和LT。如文中所用的,术语细胞因子包括得自天然来源或得自重组体细胞培养的蛋白质以及天然序列细胞因子的生物活性等效物。
趋化因子通常作为化学引诱物用于募集免疫效应细胞到趋化因子表达位点。趋化因子包括但不限于RANTES、MCAF、MIP1-α、MIP1-β、IP-10。技术人员将认识到某些细胞因子也具有化学引诱物效应并也可归类到术语趋化因子下。类似的,术语免疫调节剂和细胞因子在其各自成员间互有交叉。
放射性同位素疗法和放射免疫疗法
在一些实施方案中,肽和/或蛋白质可适用于放射性核素治疗或放射免疫疗法(参见Govindan等,2005,Technology in Cancer Research& Treatment,4:375-91;Sharkey和Goldenberg,2005,J.Nucl.Med.46:115S-127S;Goldenberg等(J Clin Oncol 2006;24:823-834),“AntibodyPre-targeting Advances Cancer Radioimmunodetection andRadioimmunotherapy,”(预先靶向抗体的晚期癌放射免疫检测和放射免疫疗法),各自通过引用并入本文)。在特定实施方案中,稳定束缚结构可直接用放射性同位素标记并给予受试者。在可选择的实施方案中,可用上面所述的预先靶向方法给予放射性同位素,给予双特异性稳定束缚结构定位在患病组织内增加表达的位点后,放射标记并注射使用的半抗原肽或配体。
适于治疗患病组织的放射性同位素包括但不限于111In、177Lu、212Bi、213Bi、211At、62Cu、67Cu、90Y、125I、131I、32P、33P、47Sc、111Ag、67Ga、142Pr、153Sm、161Tb、166Dy、166Ho、186Re、188Re、189Re、212Pb、223Ra、225Ac、59Fe、75Se、77As、89Sr、99Mo、105Rh、109Pd、143Pr、149Pm、169Er、194Ir、198Au、199Au和211Pb。这种治疗性放射性核素优选具有在20-6,000keV范围内的衰变能量,对于俄歇发射体优选范围为60-200keV,对于β-发射体优选100-2,500keV,对于α发射体优选4,000-6,000keV。适当的β-粒子发射核素的最大衰变能量优选20-5,000keV,更优选100-4,000keV,最优选500-2,500keV。也优选基本用俄歇粒子衰变的放射性核素。例如Co-58、Ga-67、Br-80m、Tc-99m、Rh-103m、Pt-109、In-111、Sb-119、1-125、Ho-161、Os-189m和Ir-192。适当的β-粒子发射核素的衰变能量优选<1,000keV,更优选<100keV,最优选<70keV。也优选基本用α粒子发射衰变的放射性核素。这种放射性核素包括但不限于Dy-152、At-211、Bi-212、Ra-223、Rn-219、Po-215、Bi-211、Ac-225、Fr-221、At-217、Bi-213和Fm-255。适当的α粒子发射放射性核素的衰变能量优选2,000-10,000keV,更优选3,000-8,000keV,最优选4,000-7,000keV。
例如由于其61.5小时半寿期和丰富提供的β-粒子及γ射线,所以被认为是更有望用于放射免疫疗法的放射性同位素之一的67Cu可使用螯合剂、对溴乙酰胺基苄基四乙基氨基四乙酸(TETA)缀合于蛋白质或肽。或者使用二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)可将发射活性β-粒子的90Y偶联到肽、抗体、融合蛋白或其片段。
其他可能的放射性同位素包括11C、13N、15O、75Br、198Au、224Ac、126I、133I、77Br、113mIn、95Ru、97Ru、103Ru、105Ru、107Hg、203Hg、121mTe、122mTe、125mTe、165Tm、167Tm、168Tm、197Pt、109Pd、105Rh、142Pr、143Pr、161Tb、166Ho、199Au、57Co、58Co、51Cr、59Fe、75Se、201T1、225Ac、76Br、169Yb等。
在另一个实施方案中,可使用放射增敏剂。添加放射增敏剂可提高效力。在D.M.Goldenberg(ed.),CANCER THERAPY WITHRADIOLABELED ANTIBODIES,CRC出版(1995)中描述了放射增敏剂,其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
具有载硼附加物(boron addend-loaded)的载体的肽、抗体、抗体片段或融合蛋白用于热中子激活治疗(thermal neutron activation therapy)正常的将以类似方式起作用。可是,在进行中子辐射前清除非定向的免疫缀合物是有利的。使用结合于配体的抗体可加速清除率。参见美国专利第4,624,846号中关于这种一般原则的叙述。例如硼附加物比如碳硼烷可与抗体连接。如同本领域所熟知的可在侧链上用羧基制备碳硼烷。可通过激活碳硼的羧基并与载体上的氨基缩合而制得连接于载体例如氨基右旋糖酐的碳硼烷。这种过渡性的缀合物然后缀合于抗体上。给予这种缀合物后,热中子辐射激活硼附加物并转化为α发射衰变的放射性原子从而产生高度毒性、短期的效应。
试剂盒
各种实施方案可涉及含有适于治疗或诊断患者患病组织的组分的试剂盒。示例性试剂盒可含有至少一种稳定束缚结构。如果含有给药组分的组合物并非制备为经消化道例如通过口服使用,可包括能够通过其他途径递送试剂盒组分的装置。一类用于非胃肠道给药的装置是注射器,用来将组合物注射进受试者体内。也可使用吸入装置。
试剂盒部分可共同包装或分开包装于两个或多个独立的容器内。在一些实施方案中,容器可为容纳适于重建的组合物的无菌、低压冻干制剂的小瓶。试剂盒也可含有适于重建和/或其他反应剂稀释的一种或多种缓冲液。其他容器可包括但不限于小药袋、托盘、盒子、试管等。试剂盒部分可包装或无菌维护于容器中。另一部分可包括介绍给使用者使用试剂盒的产品说明书。
实施例
提供下列实施例用来举例说明,并非限制本发明的权利要求。
实施例1.用于制备带有附加到Fd链的C-末端或N-末端的DDD序列的基于Fab的亚基的通用策略
将带有附加到Fd链的C-末端或N-末端的DDD1序列(SEQ IDNO:1)的基于Fab的亚基制备为融合蛋白。质粒载体pdHL2已经用于制备许多抗体和基于抗体的构建体。参见Gillies等,J Immunol Methods(1989),125:191-202;Losman等,Cancer(Phila)(1997),80:2660-6。这种双顺反子的哺乳动物表达载体指导IgG的重链和轻链的合成。对于许多不同的IgG-pdHL2构建体,载体序列大部分相同,仅在可变域(VH和VL)序列存在差异。使用本领域技术人员已知的分子生物学工具,通过用铰链的头4个残基、14个残基的Gly-Ser接头和人RIIα的头44个残基的编码序列置换铰链、重链的CH2和CH3域的编码序列,可将这些IgG-pdHL2表达载体转化为Fd-DDD1-pdHL2或Fd-DDD2-pdHL2表达载体。如下所述,设计穿梭载体CH1-DDD1-pGemT从而促进IgG-pdHL2载体(图2a)转化为Fd-DDD1-pdHL2载体(图2b)。
穿梭载体CH1-DDD1-pGemT的产生
CH1的制备
使用pdHL2质粒载体作为模板通过PCR扩增CH1域。左侧的PCR引物由CH1域的上游(5’)和SacII限制性内切核酸酶位点组成,该位点为CH1编码序列的5’。右引物由铰链(PKSC)的头4个残基以及随后的GGGGS的编码序列组成,GGGGS的最后两个密码子(GS)包含Bam HI限制位点。
CH1左引物的5’
5’GAACCTCGCGGACAGTTAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:4)
CH1+G4S-Bam右
5’GGATCCTCCGCCGCCGCAGCTCTTAGGTTTCTTGTCCACCTTGGTGTTGCTGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:5)
将410bp PCR扩增引物克隆进pGemT PCR克隆载体(Promega,Inc.)并筛选插入片段取T7(5’)方向的克隆。
(G4S)2DDD1的构建
通过Sigma Genosys(Haverhill,UK)合成表示为(G4S)2DDD1的双链寡核苷酸,用以编码接头肽的11个残基后的DDD1的氨基酸序列(SEQ ID NO:1),接头肽的头两个密码子包含BamHI限制位点的。终止密码子和EagI限制位点附加到3’末端。下列显示了编码的多肽序列。
GSGGGGSGGGGSHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTR LREARA(SEQ ID NO:6)
两种寡核苷酸,表示为RIIA1-44顶部(top)和RIIA1-44底部(bottom),二者在其3’末端有30个的碱基对的重复,经合成(SigmaGenosys)并组合而成包含中间154个碱基对的174bp DDD1序列。寡核苷酸退火并用Taq聚合酶进行引物延伸反应。
RIIA1-44顶部
5’GTGGCGGGTCTGGCGGAGGTGGCAGCCACATCCAGATCCCGCCGGGGCTCACGGAGCTGCTGCAGGGCTACACGGTGGAGGTGCTGCGACAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:7)
RIIA1-44底部
5’GCGCGAGCTTCTCTCAGGCGGGTGAAGTACTCCACTGCGAATTCGACGAGGTCAGGCGGCTGCTGTCGCAGCACCTCCACCGTGTAGCCCTG-3’(SEQ ID NO:8)
引物延伸后,使用下列引物通过PCR扩增双链体:
G4S Bam-左
5’-GGATCCGGAGGTGGCGGGTCTGGCGGAGGT-3’(SEQ ID NO:9)
1-44 stop Eag右
5’-CGGCCGTCAAGCGCGAGCTTCTCTCAGGCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:10)
将这种扩增引物克隆进pGemT并筛选取T7(5’)方向的插入片段。
连接DDD1和CH1
用BamHI和NotI限制酶自pGemT切下编码DDD1序列的190bp片段,然后连接进入CH1-pGemT内相同位点从而产生穿梭载体CH1-DDD1-pGemT。
CH1-DDD1克隆进基于DdHL2的载体
编码CH1-DDD1的序列可如下所述掺入pdHL2载体中的任何IgG构建体。通过从pdHL2清除SacII/EagI限制性酶切片段(CH1-CH3)并用从各自pGemT穿梭载体切下的CH1-DDD1的SacII/EagI片段置换,从而用CH1-DDD1置换整个重链恒定域。
应注意的是,DDD1的定位不局限于CH1的羧基末端而可置于VH域的氨基末端,如实施例2中所示。
实施例2.产生经融合于Fd链的C-末端或N-末端的DDD1序列稳定连接的两种相同Fab亚基所组成的a2构建体的方法
C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2的构建
C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为-种表达载体,用于产生包含融合蛋白的两个拷贝的a2构建体,其中DDD1序列经柔性肽间隔基团连接于Fd链C-末端的hMN-14Fab(图3)。已经用来产生hMN-14IgG的质粒载体hMN14(I)-pdHL2,通过用SacII和EagI限制性内切酶消化,从而清除 编码CH1-CH3域的片段,并插入用SacII和EagI自CH1-DDD1-SV3穿梭载体切下的CH1-DDD1片段,转化为C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2。
N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-DdHL2的构建
N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为一种表达载体,用于产生包含融合蛋白的两个拷贝的a2构建体,其中DDD1序列经柔性肽间隔基团连接于Fd链N-末端的hMN-14Fab(图4)。
表达载体进行如下基因工程操作。使用如下所示的两种引物通过PCR扩增DDD1域。
DDD1 Nco左
5’CCATGGGCAGCCACATCCAGATCCCGCC-3’(SEQ ID NO:11)
DDD1-G4SBam右
5’GGATCCGCCACCTCCAGATCCTCCGCCGCCAGCGCGAGCTTCTCTCAGGCGGGTG-3’(SEQ ID NO:12)
作为PCR的结果,NcoI限制位点和含有BamH1限制位点的部分接头(G4S)2的编码序列分别附加到5’和3’末端。170bp PCR扩增引物克隆进pGemT载体并筛选插入片段取T7(5’)方向的克隆。用Ncol和SalI限制性酶自pGemT载体切下194bp插入片段并克隆进用相同的酶消化制备的SV3穿梭载体,从而产生中间载体DDD1-SV3。
使用如下所示的寡核苷酸引物通过PCR扩增hMN-14Fd序列。
hMN-14VH left G4S Bam
5’-GGATCCGGCGGAGGTGGCTCTGAGGTCCAACTGGTGGAGAGCGG-3’(SEQ ID NO:13)
CH1-C stop Eag5’-CGGCCGTCAGCAGCTCTTAGGTTTCTTGTC-3’(SEQ ID NO:14)
作为PCR的结果,BamHI限制位点和部分接头(G4S)的编码序列附加到扩增引物5’末端。终止密码子和EagI限制位点附加到3’末端。1043bp扩增引物克隆进pGemT。用BamHI和EagI限制性酶自pGemT切下hMN-14-Fd插入片段,然后与用相同的酶消化制备的DDD1-SV3载体连接,从而产生构建体N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-SV3。
用XhoI和EagI限制性酶切下N-DDD1-hMN-14Fd序列,并连接这种1.28kb插入片段和通过用相同酶消化C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2制备的载体片段。最后的表达载体为N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pDHL2。
N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14和C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的产生、纯化和
鉴定
C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2和N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2载体通过电穿孔法转染入Sp2/0-衍生的骨髓瘤细胞。C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为一种双顺反子的表达载体,指导hMN-14κ轻链和hMN-14Fd-DDD1的合成和分泌,两者结合形成C-DDD1-hMN-14Fab。N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为一种双顺反子的表达载体,指导hMN-14κ轻链和N-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14的合成和分泌,两者结合形成N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14。每种融合蛋白经DDD1域的相互作用形成稳定的同二聚体。
电穿孔后,细胞置于96孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨喋呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。使用包被有WI2(一种大鼠的抗hMN-14的抗-独特型(id)单克隆抗体)的微量滴定板,通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用HRP-缀合的山羊抗人Fab检测。产量最高的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN14和N-DDD1-Fab-hMN14克隆的起始生产率分别为60mg/L和6mg/L。
两种融合蛋白均使用亲和色谱纯化。AD1-C是一种特异性结合于含有DDD1的a2构建体的肽。图5中显示了AD1-C(SEQ ID NO:3)的氨基酸序列。巯基和氯乙酸酐反应后,AD1-C偶联到亲和胶(Affigel)上。在上AD1-C-亲和胶柱前,通过超滤法浓缩培养上清液约10倍。柱子用PBS冲洗至基线,用0.1 M甘氨酸(pH 2.5)洗脱C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14。这种一步亲和提纯法自1.2升的滚瓶培养物中产生约81mg的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14。洗脱液的SE-HPLC分析(图6)显示,保留时间为(8.7分钟)的单个蛋白质峰与107-kDa蛋白质一致。也通过还原SDS-PAGE确认纯度(图7),仅显示两条分子大小的条带,预计为C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的两条多肽组分。
用上述提纯C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的方法提纯N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14,从1.2升的滚瓶培养物产生10mg。洗脱液的SE-HPLC分析(图8)显示,保留时间为(8.77分钟)的单个蛋白质峰类似于C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14,与107-kDa蛋白质一致。还原性SDS-PAGE仅显示两条分子大小的条带,预计为C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的两条多肽组分。
对样品进行SE-HPLC分析,确定C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的结合活性,样品中检品与各种量的WI2混合。通过混合0.75∶1摩尔比的WI2Fab和C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14制备的样品显示三个峰,分别归为未结合的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN14(8.71分钟)、结合一个WI2Fab的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14(7.95分钟)和结合两个WI2Fab的C-DDD1-Fab-hMN14(7.37分钟)。在分析含有摩尔比为4的WI2Fab与C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14的样品时,只观察到在7.36分钟的单峰。这些结果(图9)证明C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14为二聚体且具有两个活性结合位点。当用N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14重复这个实验就获得了非常相似的结果(图10)。
竞争性ELISA(图11和12)证明C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14和N-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14结合CEA的亲和力类似于hMN-14IgG,显著强于单价hMN-14Fab。用含有hMN-14特异性结合的CEA的表位(A3B3)的融合蛋白质包被ELISA板。在混合人血清中C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14稳定存在至少24小时不显著损失免疫反应性,如图13和图14所示。在带有人结肠直肠癌异种移植物(LS174T)的小鼠中评价C-DDD1-Fab-hMN-14,结果(图15和图16)类似于hBS14-1获得的结果,其也二价结合于CEA。
实施例3.用于产生两种相同Fab融合蛋白所组成的a2构建体的方法,每种含有分别连接于轻链的N-末端及Fd链的C-末端的豹蛙酶(Rap)和DDD1序列。
Rap-hPAM4-Fd-DDD1-pdHL2的构建
Rap-hPAM4-Fd-DDD1-pdHL2是一种用于产生包含两种相同Fab融合蛋白的a2构建体的表达载体,每种含有分别连接于轻链的N-末端及Fd链的C-末端的豹蛙酶(Rap)和DDD1序列。hPAM4是一种特异性针对MUC-1的人源化单克隆抗体。质粒载体Rap-hPAM4-γ1-pdHL2用于产生称为2L-Rap(N69Q)-hPAM4的免疫毒素,其包括两分子的Rap,每个融合于hPAM4轻链的N-末端,用Sac2和NgoM4消化质粒载体从而清除编码CH1-CH3域的片段,接着连接用Sac2和NgoM4自质粒载体C-DDD1-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2切下的CH1-DDD1片段,从而制成Rap-hPAM4-Fd-DDD1-pdHL2。
Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1的产生、纯化和鉴定
通过电穿孔法将Rap-hPAM4-Fd-DDD1-pdHL2载体转染入NS0骨髓瘤细胞。Rap-hPAM4-Fd-DDD1-pdHL2是一种双顺反子的表达载体,其指导Rap-融合的hPAM4轻链和hPAM4-Fd-DDD1的合成和分泌,二者结合形成Rap-Fab融合蛋白。每种融合蛋白经DDD1域的相互作用形成一种稳定的同二聚体,称为Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1。
电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。通过ELISA使用包被有WS(一种大鼠的抗hPAM4的抗-独特型单克隆抗体)的微量滴定板对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,用ML98-1(一种抗Rap的小鼠单克隆抗体)和缀合HRP的山羊抗小鼠Fc检测。
使用AD1-C-亲和胶柱如上所述纯化Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1。选择克隆的起始生产率约每升0.5mg。亲和-纯化的Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1的SE-HPLC分析(图17)显示,保留时间在(8.15分钟)的单个蛋白质峰与预期的~130 kDa的分子量一致。Rap-hPAM4-Fab-DDD1对WS的结合亲和力显示类似于hPAM4 IgG(图18)。
实施例4.用于产生4个相同Fab融合蛋白所组成的a4构建体的方法,每个含有经肽间隔基团连接于Fd链的N-末端的DDD2序列。
N-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2的构建
N-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为用于产生下文称为四价N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的a4构建体的表达载体,其包含融合蛋白的4个拷贝,其中DDD2序列经柔性肽间隔基团附加到hMN-14Fab的Fd链的N-末端。
如下设计这种表达载体。合成两种重叠的互补寡核苷酸(DDD2上部和DDD2下部),其包含DDD2的1-13残基。寡核苷酸退火并用T4多核苷酸激酶(PNK)磷酸化,在5’末端和3’末端产生凸出端,适于与分别用限制性内切酶NcoI和PstI消化的DNA连接。
DDD2上部
5’CATGTGCGGCCACATCCAGATCCCGCCGGGGCTCACGGAGCTGCTGCA-3’(SEQ ID NO:15)_
DDD2下部
5’GCAGCTCCGTGAGCCCCGGCGGGATCTGGATGTGGCCGCA-3’(SEQ ID NO:16)
双链DNA与载体片段即通过用NcoI和PstI消化制备的DDD1-hMN14Fd-SV3连接,从而制成中间构建体(intermediate construct)DDD2-hMN14 Fd-SV3。用XhoI和EagI限制性内切酶自中间构建体切下含有编码DDD2-hMN14 Fd的序列的一个1.28kb的插入片段,并连接通过相同酶消化制备的hMN14-pdHL2载体DNA。最终表达载体为N-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2。
四价N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的产生、纯化和鉴定
通过电穿孔法将N-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2载体转染入Sp/EEE骨髓瘤细胞。这种双顺反子的表达载体指导hMN-14κ轻链和N-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14的合成和分泌,二者结合形成基于Fab的亚基N-DDD2-Fab-hMN14。电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。
使用包被有WI2(hMN-14的抗-独特型单克隆抗体)的微量滴定板通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用山羊抗人Fab-HRP检测。产量最高的克隆的起始生产率约为10mg/L。通过蛋白质L亲和色谱自1.8升的滚瓶培养物纯化,总共得到16mg的N-DDD2-hMN-14。在装载到蛋白质L柱前,通过超滤法浓缩培养上清液约10倍。柱子用PBS冲洗至基线,并用1mM EDTA、0.1M NaAc(pH 2.5)洗脱N-DDD2-Fab-hMN14,立即用Tris-HCl中和。SE-HPLC分析(图19)显示4个蛋白质峰,2个峰后来认定为N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的四聚体的a4(7.94分钟)和二聚体的a2(8.88分钟)形式,其他2个峰为κ链的二聚体和单体。加入巯基还原剂例如TCEP后,混合物中的大多数四聚体的a4形式转化为二聚体的a2形式(图20),表明这种四聚体a4形式显然由通过DDD2中存在的半胱氨酸形成的分子间二硫键连接的2个二聚体的a2结构组成。注意到,还原后,甚至用高TCEP浓度和长反应时间后,总N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14中约有15%保留为a4构型,表明除二硫键外,其他机制例如结构域交换可促进a4构型的形成。四价的N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14通过凝胶过滤色谱使用Superdex-200柱自其他分子形式分离。实施例5.用于产生4个相同Fab融合蛋白所组成的a4构建体的方法,每个含有经肽间隔基团连接于Fd链的C-末端的DDD2序列。
C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-DdHL2的构建
C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2为用于产生下文称为四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的a4构建体的表达载体,其包含融合蛋白的4个拷贝,其中DDD2序列经柔性肽间隔基团附加到hMN-14Fab的Fd链的C-末端。
如下设计这种表达载体。合成两种重叠的互补寡核苷酸,其包含部分接头肽(GGGGSGGGCG)和DDD2的1-13残基的编码序列。寡核苷酸退火并用T4 PNK磷酸化,在5’末端和3’末端产生凸出端,适于与分别用限制性内切酶BamHI和PstI消化的DNA连接。
G4-DDDD2上-部
5’GATCCGGAGGTGGCGGGTCTGGCGGAGGTTGCGGCCACATCCAGATCCCGCCGGGGCTCACGGAGCTGCTGCA-3’(SEQ ID NO:17)
G4S-DDD2下部
5’GCAGCTCCGTGAGCCCCGGCGGGATCTGGATGTGGCCGCAACCTCCGCCAGACCCGCCACCTCCG-3’(SEQ ID NO:18)
双链DNA与通过用BamHI和PstI消化制备的穿梭载体CH1-DDD1-pGemT连接,从而制成穿梭载体CH1-DDD2-pGemT。用SacII和EagI自CH1-DDD2-pGemT切下一个507bp的插入片段,并连接通过SacII和EagI消化制备的IgG表达载体hMN14(I)-pdHL2。最终表达构建体为C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2。
C-DDD2-Fd-hA20-pdHL2的构建
C-DDD2-Fd-hA20-pdHL2为用于产生下文称为四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的a4构建体的表达载体,其包含融合蛋白的4个拷贝,其中DDD2序列经柔性肽间隔基团附加到hA20-Fab的Fd链的C-末端。hA20为CD20特异性的人源化单克隆抗体。
如下以3个步骤改造这种表达载体。首先用Sac2和NdeI消化表达载体hA20-IgG-pdHL2从而产生7578-bp片段。然后,用Sac2和NdelI消化表达载体C-DDD2-hMN-14-Fd-pdHL2并分离编码CH1-DDD2的509-bp片段。第三步,7578-bp片段连接于509-bp片段从而产生C-DDD2-Fd-hA20-phHL2。
C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-3-DdHL2的构建
C-DDD2-Fd-hMN3-pdHL2为用于产生下文称为四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3的a4构建体的表达载体,其包含融合蛋白的4个拷贝,其中DDD2序列经柔性肽间隔基团附加到hMN3-Fab的Fd链的C-末端。hMN-3为CEA(CEACAM5)或NCA-90(CEACAM6)的N域的特异性的人源化单克隆抗体。
[00186]如下以3个步骤设计这种表达载体。首先用Sac2和NgoM4消化表达载体hMN-3-IgG-pdHL2从而产生8118-bp片段。然后,用Sac2和NgoM4消化表达载体C-DDD2-hMN-14-Fd-pdHL2并分离编码CH1-DDD2的509-bp片段。第三步,8118-bp片段连接于509-bp片段从而产生C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-3-phHL2。
C-DDD2-Fd-hLL2-pdHL2的构建
C-DDD2-Fd-hLL2-pdHL2为用于产生下文称为四价C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2的a4构建体的表达载体,其包含融合蛋白的4个拷贝,其中DDD2序列经柔性肽间隔基团附加到hLL2-Fab的Fd链的C-末端。hLL2为CD22特异性的人源化单克隆抗体。
如下以3个步骤设计这种表达载体。首先用Sac2和NdeI消化表达载体hLL2-IgG-pdHL2从而产生7578-bp片段。然后,用Sac2和NdeI消化表达载体C-DDD2-hMN-14-Fd-pdHL2并分离编码CH1-DDD2的509-bp片段。第三步,7578-bp片段连接于509-bp片段从而产生C-DDD2-Fd-hLL2-phHL2。
四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的产生、纯化和鉴定
通过电穿孔法将C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14-pdHL2载体转染入Sp/EEE骨髓瘤细胞。这种双顺反子的表达载体指导hMN-14κ轻链和C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-14的合成和分泌,二者结合形成C-DDD2-Fab-hMN14。电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。
使用包被有WI2(hMN-14的抗-独特型)的微量滴定板通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用山羊抗人Fab-HRP检测。产量最高的克隆的起始生产率约为100mg/L,比N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14高10倍。通过蛋白质L亲和色谱纯化自如上所述N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的1.8升的滚瓶培养物,总共得到200mg的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14。蛋白质L-纯化的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的SE-HPLC分布图类似于N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14,显示4个蛋白质峰。4个峰中的2个认定为C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的四聚体的a4(8.40分钟)和二聚体的a2(9.26分钟)形式,其他2个峰为κ链的二聚体和单体。四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14通过凝胶过滤色谱使用Superdex-200柱自其他分子形式分离。如图21所示,类似于N-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14,加入TCEP后大多数a4构型转化为a2构型。图22显示串联柱系统上四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的SE-HPLC分布图,显示19.57分钟的保留时间的单峰。图23显示四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14结合四个WI2片段的能力。
四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的产生、纯化和鉴定
[00191]通过电穿孔法将C-DDD2-Fd-hA20-pdHL2载体转染入NS0骨髓瘤细胞。这种双顺反子的表达载体指导hA20κ轻链和C-DDD2-Fd-hA20的合成和分泌,二者结合形成C-DDD2-Fab-hA20。电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。
使用包被有WR2(大鼠hA20的抗-独特型)的微量滴定板通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用山羊抗人Fab-HRP检测。产量最高的克隆的起始生产率约为10mg/L。通过蛋白质L亲和色谱然后通过Superdex-200凝胶过滤自滚瓶中细胞培养上清液纯化四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hA20。图24中显示了四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的SE-HPLC分布图。四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20对Daudi和Ramos显示强大的抗增殖活性,甚至在抗-IgM不存在的情况下也是如此(图25)。相反,二价hA20 IgG或F(ab’)2在相同条件下无论抗-IgM存在或不存在均不抑制Daudi或Ramos的生长。观察到的hA20 IgG或F(ab’)2在抗-IgM存在下的抗增殖活性显然是由于抗-IgM的作用。
四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3的产生和纯化
通过电穿孔法将C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-3-pdHL2载体转染入NS0骨髓瘤细胞。这种双顺反子的表达载体指导hMN-3κ轻链和C-DDD2-Fd-hMN-3的合成和分泌,二者结合形成C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3。电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。
[00194]使用包被有CEACAM5的微量滴定板通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用山羊抗人Fab-HRP检测。产量最高的克隆的起始生产率约为10mg/L。通过蛋白质L亲和色谱然后通过Superdex-200凝胶过滤自滚瓶中细胞培养上清液纯化四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3。
四价C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2的产生和纯化
[00195]通过电穿孔法将C-DDD2-Fd-hLL2-pdHL2载体转染入Sp2/0衍生的骨髓瘤细胞。这种双顺反子的表达载体指导hLL2κ轻链和C-DDD2-Fd-hLL2的合成和分泌,二者结合形成C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2。电穿孔后,将细胞置于96-孔组织培养板并用0.05μM甲氨蝶呤(MTX)选择转染子克隆。
使用包被有WN(大鼠hLL2的抗-独特型)的微量滴定板通过ELISA对克隆进行蛋白质表达筛选,并用山羊抗人Fab-HRP检测。产量最高的克隆的起始生产率约为15mg/L。通过蛋白质L亲和色谱然后通过Superdex-200凝胶过滤自滚瓶中细胞培养上清液纯化四价的C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2。
实施例6.自两种独特a4和a’4构建体产生a2a’2构建体的方法
双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3 x C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的产生、
纯化和鉴定
合并实施例5中所获得的四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3和四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20并在室温下用1mM谷胱甘肽反应1小时,然后加入氧化谷胱甘肽使终浓度为2mM。通过凝胶过滤在Superdex-200柱上自其它分子形式中纯化出四聚体部分。如图26所示,使用包被有CEACAM5的板通过ELISA证明并用WR2检测双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3 x C-DDD2-Fab-hA20的形成。
双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3 x C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的产
生、纯化和鉴定
合并实施例5中所获得的四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3和四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14并在室温下用1mM谷胱甘肽反应1小时,然后加入氧化谷胱甘肽使终浓度为2mM。通过凝胶过滤在Superdex-200柱上自其它分子形式中提纯四聚体部分。如图27所示通过流式细胞计量法使用BXPC3细胞证明双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-3 x C-DDD2-Fab-hMN-14的形成。
双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20 x C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2的产生和
纯化
合并实施例5中所获得的四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20和四价C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2并在室温下用1mM谷胱甘肽反应1小时,然后加入氧化谷胱甘肽使终浓度为2mM。通过凝胶过滤在Superdex-200柱上自其它分子形式中提纯四聚体部分。使用包被有WN(一种大鼠hLL2的抗-独特型)的板并用WR2(一种大鼠hA20的抗-独特型)检测,通过ELISA证明双特异性四价C-DDD2-Fab-hA20 x C-DDD2-Fab-hLL2的形成。
表1.类型I产物的选择实例,其中a2的亚基以得自免疫球蛋白的结合域为基础
表2.类型2产物的选择实例,其中a2的亚基以非免疫球蛋白为基础
表3.类型3产物的选择实例,其中a4的亚基以得自免疫球蛋白的结合域为基础
表4.类型4产物的选择实例,其中a4的亚基以非免疫球蛋白为基础
表5.类型5产物的选择实例,其中a2a’2亚基以两种不同免疫球蛋白结合域为基础
表5(继续).类型5产物的选择实例,其中a2a’2亚基以两种不同免疫球蛋白结合域为基础
表6.类型6产物的选择实例,其中a2a’2亚基以免疫球蛋白和非免疫球蛋白为基础
表7.类型7产物的选择实例,其中a2a’2亚基以两种不同非免疫球蛋白为基础
序列表
<110>Chang,Chien Hsing
Goldenberg,David M.
McBride,William J.
Rossi,Edward A.
<120>Methods for Generating Stably Linked Complexes Composed of
Homodimers,Homotetramers or Dimers of Dimers and Uses
<130>333458
<150>60/668,603
<151>2005-04-06
<150>60/728,292
<151>2005-10-20
<150>60/751,196
<151>2005-12-16
<160>18
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cggccgtcaa gcgcgagctt ctctcaggcg 30
<210>11
<211>28
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>11
ccatgggcag ccacatccag atcccgcc 28
<210>12
<211>55
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>12
ggatccgcca cctccagatc ctccgccgcc agcgcgagct tctctcaggc gggtg 55
<210>13
<211>55
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>13
ggatccgcca cctccagatc ctccgccgcc agcgcgagct tctctcaggc gggtg 55
<210>14
<211>30
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>14
cggccgtcag cagctcttag gtttcttgtc 30
<210>15
<211>48
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>15
catgtgcggc cacatccaga tcccgccggg gctcacggag ctgctgca 48
<210>16
<211>40
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>16
gcagctccgt gagccccggc gggatctgga tgtggccgca 40
<210>17
<211>73
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>17
gatccggagg tggcgggtct ggcggaggtt gcggccacat ccagatcccg ccggggctca 60
cggagctgct gca 73
<210>18
<211>65
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>合成寡核苷酸
<400>18
gcagctccgt gagccccggc gggatctgga tgtggccgca acctccgcca gacccgccac 60
ctccg 65
Claims (32)
1.一种包含同二聚体的组合物,该同二聚体的每个单体包含连接于前体的cAMP依赖的蛋白激酶(PKA)调节亚基的二聚化和停靠域(DDD),其中所述前体为抗体的Fd片段,并且Fd片段连接抗体的轻链以形成Fab片段。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中DDD的序列如SEQ ID NO:1或SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中单体为包含前体和DDD的融合蛋白,或者所述前体化学连接于DDD。
4.权利要求3的组合物,进一步包含前体与DDD之间的接头肽。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中Fab片段为选自hMN-14、L19、hA20、hLL2、hL243、人源化CC49、7E3、hLL1、hPAM4、hRS7、hR1、L49、抗-CD14、抗-CD111、Humira®、REMICADE®、Xolair®、Synagis®和hMN-15的Fab片段。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中前体具有至少一个结合位点,用于结合碳酸酐酶IX、甲胎蛋白、A3、A33 抗体特异性抗原、Ba 733、BrE3-抗原、CA125、CD1、CD1a、CD3、CD5、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD30、CD33、CD38、CD45、CD74、CD79a、CD80、CD138、结肠特异性抗原P (CSAp)、CEACAM5、CEACAM6、CSAp、EGFR、EGP-1、EGP-2、Ep-CAM、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、HLA-DR、人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)及其亚基、HER2/neu、低氧诱导因子(HIF-1)、Ia、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、胰岛素生长因子-1 (IGF-1)、KC4-抗原、KS-1-抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、巨噬细胞抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、PAM-4抗体特异性抗原、胎盘生长因子、p53、前列腺酸磷酸酶、PSA、PSMA、RS5、S100、TAC、TAG-72、生腱蛋白、TRAIL受体、Tn抗原、Thomson-Friedenreich抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGF、ED-B纤连蛋白、或17-1A-抗原。
7.权利要求1的组合物,进一步包含一种或多种通过共价连接或非共价连接缀合于同二聚体的效应器或载体。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中效应器为诊断剂、治疗剂、放射性同位素、酶、寡聚核苷酸、光检测标记、染料、肽、毒素、顺磁性标记、超声标记、脂质体、纳米微粒或其组合。
9.权利要求7的组合物,其中效应器为显像剂、造影剂、抗血管生成剂、细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子、前体药物、免疫调节剂、激素、促细胞凋亡剂、细胞表面受体配体、或螯合剂。
10.权利要求7的组合物,其中效应器为药物。
11.权利要求8的组合物,其中所述治疗剂为化学治疗剂。
12.权利要求8的组合物,其中所述酶为RNA酶。
13.权利要求7的组合物,其中同二聚体连接于两个或多个效应器或者两个或多个载体上。
14.权利要求13的组合物,其中所述两个或多个载体或者两个或多个效应器相同或者不同。
15.权利要求7的组合物,其中所述载体包含至少一种诊断剂或治疗剂。
16.一种包含两个权利要求1中的同二聚体的组合物,其中所述两个同二聚体共价连接形成四聚体,其中DDD的序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
17.权利要求16的组合物,其中所述两个同二聚体通过DDD2序列间的二硫键共价连接。
18.权利要求16的组合物,其中四聚体内的所述两个同二聚体是相同的或不同的。
19.权利要求16的组合物,其中第一同二聚体包含含有连接于第一前体的DDD序列的第一单体,第二同二聚体包含含有连接于第二前体的DDD序列的第二单体。
20.权利要求19的组合物,其中所述两个同二聚体通过每个同二聚体的DDD部分之间的二硫键连接在一起。
21.权利要求19的组合物,其中第一前体具有结合靶分子、细胞、或组织的结合位点,而第二前体具有结合半抗原的结合位点。
22.权利要求19的组合物,其中第一前体具有结合抗原的结合位点,而第二前体具有结合半抗原的结合位点。
23.权利要求1中的同二聚体在制备治疗疾病的药物中的用途。
24.权利要求23的用途,其中疾病为癌且前体具有对肿瘤相关抗原的结合亲和力,所述抗原选自碳酸酐酶IX、甲胎蛋白、A3、A33抗体特异性抗原、Ba 733、BrE3-抗原、CA125、CD1、CD1a、CD3、CD5、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD30、CD33、CD38、CD45、CD74、CD79a、CD80、CD138、结肠特异性抗原P (CSAp)、CEACAM5、CEACAM6、EGFR、EGP-1、EGP-2、Ep-CAM、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、HLA-DR、人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)及其亚基、HER2/neu、低氧诱导因子(HIF-1)、Ia、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、胰岛素生长因子-1 (IGF-1)、KC4-抗原、KS-1-抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、巨噬细胞抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、PAM-4抗体特异性抗原、胎盘生长因子、p53、前列腺酸磷酸酶、PSA、PSMA、RS5、S100、TAC、TAG-72、生腱蛋白、TRAIL受体、Tn抗原、Thomson-Friedenreich抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGF、ED-B纤连蛋白、及17-1A-抗原。
25.一种包含两个同二聚体的四聚体在制备治疗疾病的药物中的用途,其中第一同二聚体包含含有连接于第一前体的二聚化和停靠域DDD序列的第一单体,第二同二聚体包含含有连接于第二前体的DDD序列的第二单体;其中所述DDD序列为cAMP依赖的蛋白激酶(PKA)调节亚基的DDD,所述前体为抗体的Fd片段,并且Fd片段连接抗体的轻链以形成Fab片段。
26.权利要求25的用途,其中第二前体结合半抗原。
27.权利要求26的用途,其中半抗原连接于选自以下的物质:化学治疗剂、毒素、酶、放射性同位素、脂类、胶粒、脂质体、纳米微粒或其组合。
28.权利要求26的用途,其中半抗原连接于药物。
29.权利要求26的用途,其中半抗原连接于选自以下的物质:抗血管生成剂、细胞因子、免疫调节剂、抗生素、抗病毒剂、DNA疫苗、激素、寡聚核苷酸、或RNA酶。
30.权利要求26的用途,其中半抗原连接于选自以下的物质:前体药物、或抗真菌剂。
31.权利要求27的用途,其中疾病为癌且第一前体结合肿瘤相关抗原,所述抗原选自碳酸酐酶IX、甲胎蛋白、A3、A33抗体特异性抗原、Ba 733、BrE3-抗原、CA125、CD1、CD1a、CD3、CD5、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD25、CD30、CD33、CD45、CD74、CD79a、CD80、CD138、结肠特异性抗原P (CSAp)、 CEACAM5、CEACAM6、EGFR、EGP-1、EGP-2、Ep-CAM、Flt-1、Flt-3、叶酸受体、G250抗原、HLA-DR、人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)及其亚基、HER2/neu、低氧诱导因子(HIF-1)、Ia、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、胰岛素生长因子-1 (IGF-1)、KC4-抗原、KS-1-抗原、KS1-4、Le-Y、巨噬细胞抑制因子(MIF)、MAGE、MUC1、MUC2、MUC3、MUC4、NCA66、NCA95、NCA90、PAM-4抗体特异性抗原、胎盘生长因子、p53、前列腺酸磷酸酶、PSA、PSMA、RS5、S100、TAC、TAG-72、生腱蛋白、TRAIL受体、Tn抗原、Thomson-Friedenreich抗原、肿瘤坏死抗原、VEGF、ED-B纤连蛋白、及17-1A-抗原。
32.权利要求25的用途,其中四聚体包含选自以下的抗体片段的组合:抗-CD74 X抗-CD20、抗-CD74 X抗-CD22、抗-CD22 X抗-CD20、抗-CD20 X抗-HLA-DR、抗-CD19 X抗-CD20、抗-CD20 X抗-CD80、抗-CD2 X抗-CD25、抗-CD8 X抗-CD25和抗-CD2 X抗-CD147。
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US20090191225A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
AU2006232920A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
WO2006107617A2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
CA2604032A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US9540435B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
US8906377B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 |
US7521056B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
JP2008538747A (ja) | 2008-11-06 |
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