CN101410778B - 具有可见度较低的透明导体图案的触摸屏 - Google Patents

具有可见度较低的透明导体图案的触摸屏 Download PDF

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CN101410778B
CN101410778B CN2007800111873A CN200780011187A CN101410778B CN 101410778 B CN101410778 B CN 101410778B CN 2007800111873 A CN2007800111873 A CN 2007800111873A CN 200780011187 A CN200780011187 A CN 200780011187A CN 101410778 B CN101410778 B CN 101410778B
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乔纳森·P·马格
约瑟夫·C·斯潘
布赖恩·E·奥夫德海德
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Abstract

本发明公开了包括设置在基板上的层叠堆图案的透明触摸屏构造。每一个层叠堆均包括透明导体层和布置在基板和透明导体层之间的中间层。中间层的折射率小于透明导体层的折射率和基板的折射率。层叠堆的构造可以减小基板的被层叠堆覆盖的区域和基板的从层叠堆露出的区域之间的可见光透光率差值。本发明还公开了通过在基板和透明导体图案之间设置中间层图案来降低触摸屏中的图案化透明导体的可见度的方法,其中中间层图案和透明导体图案相重叠。

Description

具有可见度较低的透明导体图案的触摸屏
本公开涉及触摸屏,尤其是将透明导体的图案用作触摸感应元件的显示器上触摸屏。 
背景技术
触摸屏已经成为使用户与电子系统(典型的是包括用于观看信息的显示器的电子系统)直观地进行交互的日益常见的方式。可将透明触摸屏设置在可变的显示内容和/或静态图像的上方,以使得可以通过触摸屏观看显示的信息和图像。适用于此类构造的触摸屏技术包括电阻式、电容式、投射电容式、电感式、表面声波式、压力式和其他类型。许多投射电容式触摸屏和电感式触摸屏都将导体图案用作感应元件。术语“投射电容式”是指导体图案能够穿过诸如薄玻璃面板、手指外所戴的手套等相对较厚的绝缘体投射电磁场。电感式触摸屏包括产生如下电磁场的触摸屏,该电磁场激励(例如触针中的)共振电路,而共振电路可以辐射且耦合至导体图案。 
发明内容
本发明提供一种透明触摸屏,其包括基板和设置在该基板上的多个层叠堆,基板具有从叠堆露出的区域和叠堆所覆盖的区域。每一个层叠堆均具有包括透明导体层和中间层的构造,中间层设置在基板和透明导体层之间,中间层的折射率小于透明导体层的折射率和基板的折射率。将该叠堆设计为:使得通过叠堆所覆盖的区域的可见光透射率和通过从叠堆露出的区域的可见光透射率之间的差值最大为1%或更小,并且平均差值为约0.5%或更小。该透明触摸屏还包括与透明导体层电连接并且构造为与控制器电子器件连接的多根导线,上述控制器电子器件适用于根据在触摸输入耦合到透明导体时收到的信号来确定触摸输入信息。 
在一些实施例中,该透明触摸屏可以包括层叠堆中的附加层、设置于基板和层叠堆上的填充材料(例如光学粘合剂)、层合到构造上的附加基板(例如,将光学粘合剂填充材料用作层合粘合剂),其中附加基板还可以包括由与上述层叠堆类似的层叠堆构成的感应元件。 
本发明还提供一种触摸输入系统,其包括可以通过显示装置看见的透明触摸屏覆盖物,例如触摸输入监视器、销售终端、公共服务亭、手持装置、平板计算机(table PC)等。 
本发明还提供了用于降低触摸屏中的图案化透明导体可见度的方法。该步骤包括使基板上的透明导体图案化,并在基板和图案化的透明导体之间的中间层图案化,其中透明导体图案和中间层图案相重叠。中间层的折射率小于基板的折射率和图案化的透明导体的折射率。 
上述发明内容并不旨在描述本发明的每个实施例或每个实施方式。通过结合附图参照以下的详细描述和权利要求书,将显而易见地了解本发明的优点和效果并更全面地理解本发明。 
附图说明
参照下面结合附图对本发明的各种实施例进行的详细描述,可以更全面地理解本发明,其中: 
图1为根据本发明的传感器构造的示意性侧视图; 
图2为根据本发明的另一个传感器构造的示意性侧视图; 
图3为根据本发明的另一个传感器构造的示意性侧视图; 
图4为根据本发明的另一个传感器构造的示意性侧视图; 
图5为根据本发明的另一个传感器构造的示意性侧视图; 
图6为根据本发明的另一个传感器构造的示意性平面图; 
图7a至7c为感应元件结构的示意性平面图; 
图8为触摸传感器系统的示意图;以及 
图9是包括根据本发明的构造和对比构造在内的多种传感器构造在可见光光谱范围内的透射率曲线图。 
具体实施方式
本发明涉及触摸屏,尤其是将透明导体图案用作感应元件的触摸屏,尤其涉及这样的触摸屏:该触摸屏透射可见光,从而可通过诸如显示器上触摸屏(或透明触摸屏)等触摸屏观看图像。许多触摸屏将透明导体用作感应元件,并且这些元件可以设置为连续涂层或诸如间隔开的条纹、线、块、网格等图案。透明导体通常具有可以产生反射(例如由于透明导体和下层基板之间的折射率差异)、较低透射(例如由于光的吸收和反射)和显色(例如由于在可见光光谱的特定波长范围内的选择性吸收)的光学特性。当将透明导体作为单个连续涂层提供时,如果该涂层在装置的整个可视区域内较为均匀,则这种光学效果可能不明显。在使用透明导体图案的装置中,由于光学效果的差异,也许能够辨别出图案覆盖的区域和图案不覆盖的区域。这可能会分散用户的注意力,并且在一些应用中这一现象从美观的角度考虑是不合要求的,甚至会干扰显示器所显示的信息和图像。尤其在装置暴露于高环境光条件的环境时,无论下层显示器是打开的还是关闭的,都会不愉快地看到触摸传感器装置的透明导体图案。 
本发明涉及在基板上对多个层叠堆实施图案化,或以其它方式在基板上设置多个层叠堆。每个层叠堆均包括透明导体层以及布置在基板和透明导体之间的折射率较低的中间层。在层叠堆中可以包括附加层,例如覆盖层,该覆盖层设置成使得透明导体层位于覆盖层和中间层之间。中间层的折射率小于透明导体层的折射率。可以选择透明导体层和中间层的厚度使得层叠堆提供抗反射特性,从而使得透过叠堆的可见光透射率与透过叠堆未覆盖区域的可见光透射率相近。例如,在可见光光谱范围内,透过叠堆未覆盖区域的透射率百分比与透过叠堆覆盖区域的透射率百分比之间的最大差值为约1%或更小,透过叠堆未覆盖区域的透射率百分比与透过叠堆覆盖区域的透射率百分比之间的平均差值为约0.5%或更小,优选的是为0.3%或更小。这有助于确保在正常操作条件下使用者很难看见或完全看不见透明导体图案。 
在根据本发明的示例性构造中,基板、中间层、可选的覆盖层、可选的填充材料、可选的粘合剂等在可见光光谱范围内大致透明。合适的基板可以包括玻璃和诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、各种丙烯酸类树脂、聚碳酸脂之类的各种塑料材料,以及适用于显示器应用的其他任何基板(无 论是现在已知的还是将要开发的)。适合的透明导体材料包括诸如铟锡氧化物(ITO)、锡锑氧化物(TAO)、其他掺杂氧化锡等透明导电氧化物。适合的透明导体材料还包括诸如聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚乙炔、聚噻吩、聚苯撑乙烯、聚苯硫醚、聚苯、聚杂环乙烯之类的导电聚合材料。例如,一种示例性导电聚合物是取代的聚噻吩、聚(3,4-二氧乙基噻吩)(通常称为PEDOT)。合适的中间层材料、覆盖层材料、填充材料和粘合剂材料包括二氧化硅、可涂覆的有机材料、光学粘合剂等。 
在本发明的示例性构造中,层叠堆可以布置在基板上,层叠堆包括布置在基板上的中间层和布置在中间层上的透明导体层,并且可选的粘合剂或填充材料布置在层叠堆上并可选地布置在基板的露出部分上。选择的示例性材料可使各部件具有以下折射率:约1.4到1.8的基板折射率(例如,约1.67的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯);约1.4到1.6的中间层折射率(例如,约1.45的二氧化硅);约1.7到2.2的透明导体折射率(例如,约2.0的ITO);以及约1.4到1.8的填充材料折射率(例如,约1.5的光学粘合剂)。在示例性构造中,中间层的折射率小于透明导体的折射率,并且可以小于基板的折射率;填充材料的折射率接近基板的折射率和/或中间层的折射率。 
适于使用本发明构造的触摸敏感覆盖层包括将图案化透明导体用作感应元件的触摸敏感覆盖层。它们包括离散矩阵触摸传感器(例如,在美国专利No.6,813,957、No.6,762,752、No.6,188,391、No.5,844,506、No.5,386,219和No.5,007,085以及国际公开WO01/27868、WO02/100074和WO01/52416中公开的离散矩阵触摸传感器,这些专利和专利公开均全文并入本文)、离散条传感器(例如,在美国专利No.5,650,597和美国专利公开2003/0103043中公开的离散条传感器,这些专利和专利公开均全文并入本文)、离散块传感器(例如,在美国专利No.4,789,767中公开的离散块传感器,该专利全文并入本文)、其他离散感应元件传感器,以及电连续图案化感应层传感器(例如,在美国专利No.4,198,539中公开的电连续图案化感应层传感器,该专利全文并入本文)。这些类型的传感器可有利地用于电容式、投射电容式和/或电感式感应技术,并且可以用于如下多种应用:这些应用得益于屏幕上输入,并且包括手持装置(例如,掌上计 算机、个人记事本、移动电话、音乐播放器等)、平板计算机、自动导航系统显示器、触摸输入监视器、公共信息服务亭、自动售货机、游戏和娱乐设备等。 
图1示出了传感器构造100的示意性侧视图,该传感器构造包括布置在基板120上的多个层叠堆110。层叠堆110包括中间层112和透明导体层114。层叠堆110构造成使得透过叠堆110所覆盖的区域130的可见光的透射率与透过从叠堆110露出的区域140的可见光的透射率接近。虽然示出的层112和114的横向尺寸相等,但只要它们的图案相重叠,就不必如此。由于意外情况(例如,由于图案化或者对齐不精确)或由于设计原因,层叠堆中的层的横向尺寸可能互不相等。例如,可能需要中间层112比透明导体层114更宽,以使得中间层112横向延伸出透明导体层114以外。这样可以确保透明导体层114和下层基板不接触(在优选地避免此类接触的情况下)。 
可以以使每层图案相重叠的任何合适的方式来使层叠堆图案化。例如,可以在基板表面上依次沉积各层,然后从基板上移除叠堆的一部分以形成图案。要移除这些部分,可以采用诸如光刻、激光烧蚀、蚀刻、图案化剥离等多种技术。合适的图案化剥离工艺包括在美国专利No.4,714,631和No.4,895,630中公开的那些图案化剥离工艺,这些专利全文并入本文。这些工艺涉及在基板的不被层叠堆覆盖的区域上形成图案化的内涂层(即所形成的图案与期望的层叠堆图案相反),在所关注的整个区域上形成层叠堆,然后清洗基板以从图案化的区域移除层叠堆,从而留下期望的层叠堆图案。合适的烧蚀方法可以包括在美国专利No.6,689,544中公开的那些烧蚀方法,该专利全文并入本文。合适的蚀刻方法可以包括在美国专利No.6,838,013中公开的那些蚀刻方法,该专利全文并入本文。 
作为另外一种选择,例如,通过借助掩模的沉积、直接印刷(例如,丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等)、对每一层实施的单独蚀刻和/或光刻步骤、图案化转移、或者任何适合的组合方式,可以分别对每一层实施图案化。要使各层的图案相重叠,单独的图案化过程通常会涉及将每个新叠堆层对准的对准步骤。
图2示出了另一个传感器构造200的示意性侧视图,该传感器构造包括布置在基板220上的多个层叠堆210。层叠堆210包括中间层212、中间层212上的透明导体层214、以及布置在透明导体层214上的覆盖层216。图2还示出了叠堆210所覆盖的区域230以及从叠堆210露出的区域240的实例。 
图3示出了另一个传感器构造300的示意性侧视图,该传感器构造包括布置在基板320上的多个层叠堆310。层叠堆310可以是任何合适的构造,例如,类似于图1所示的叠堆110的构造或图2所示的叠堆210的构造。图3还示出了填充涂层350,其设置在叠堆所覆盖的区域330以及从叠堆露出的区域340上。填充材料可以是任何合适的材料,例如,折射率与基板的折射率匹配的材料(例如,为了减弱从叠堆露出的区域中的界面反射),或者诸如光学透明粘合剂之类的粘合剂(例如,以便与诸如基板、显示装置、保护薄膜、光学薄膜等另一个元件(未示出)结合)。 
图4示出了另一个传感器构造400的示意性侧视图,该传感器构造包括多个层叠堆410,层叠堆410布置在基板420上以形成叠堆410所覆盖的区域430和从叠堆410露出的区域440,其中叠堆410具有根据本发明的任意合适的构造。第二基板460设置在层叠堆410的结构之上,并通过诸如光学粘合剂之类的粘合剂450与构造400结合在一起。基板460可以提供保护、刚度、光学功能(例如光线控制、偏振、延迟以及其他)等。基板460还可以提供附加表面,用以在该表面上形成附加的层叠堆。例如,包括透明导电层的(即类似于叠堆410的)层叠堆可以形成在基板460上并且沿着与叠堆410的方向正交的方向布置,从而构造矩阵触摸屏的感应元件网格。 
图5示出了另一个传感器构造500的示意性侧视图,该传感器构造包括设置在基板520的第一侧上的第一多个层叠堆510、以及设置在基板520的相对侧上并且取向与第一多个层叠堆不同(例如正交)的第二多个层叠堆570。根据本发明来构造层叠堆510以减小叠堆所覆盖的区域530的透光率与从叠堆露出的区域540的透光率之间的差值。层叠堆570可以以类似方式构造而成。基板520可用于提供支撑结构,并且使层叠堆520所形成的感应元件与层叠堆570所形成的感应元件电绝缘。
图6示出了可用于本发明的传感器中的传感器布局的示意性平面图。传感器600包括设置在基板620的一侧上的第一多个感应元件610、以及设置在基板620的相对侧上并且取向与第一多个感应元件610正交的第二多个感应元件670。所示感应元件610和670中的每一种元件为由相对狭窄的迹线结合在一起的一系列菱形,但也可以设置为诸如宽度一致的条之类的任何合适构造。在图6示出的布局中,第一多个感应元件610的菱形形状排列成使得由每组共四个相邻菱形形成菱形间隙(或窗口)。示出的第二多个感应元件670布置成使得竖直迹线670的菱形配合到由水平迹线610的菱形所形成的窗口内,(例如)从而允许更有效地将触摸对象连接到在传感器构造的水平感应元件的下方设置的竖直感应元件。在第一组菱形感应元件下方具有第二组菱形感应元件的构造中,可以将第二组菱形制作得比第一组稍大,以增大耦合区域来补偿触摸输入与第二组感应元件之间增加的距离(因此耦合强度降低)。感应元件连接到一系列导线680,布置该导线680来帮助识别哪条或哪几条竖直迹线和水平迹线距离触摸输入最近。如图所示,感应元件的两端与导线连接,但是应当理解到,在本发明中还可以想到感应元件的仅一端与导线连接的实施例。导线680围绕传感器600的周边进行布线,并在可以与末端电线690连接的点汇聚。末端电线690的另一端可与控制器电子器件(未示出)连接,用以解析触摸信号并且确定触摸位置。 
图7a至7c示出了各种层叠堆图案的其他非限制性实例,这些层叠堆图案在构造根据本发明的具有图案化层叠堆的触摸传感器时是有用的。图7a示出了层叠堆730A的一种图案,该图案可以包括在整个有效触摸区域内为电连续的透明导体层。所示未覆盖区域740A为规则的正方形阵列,但是也可以布置成任意期望的构造。图7b示出了以平行条730B的线性阵列的方式布置的层叠堆图案,未覆盖区域740B将平行条间隔开。图7c示出了以三角形条730C的线性阵列的形式布置的层叠堆图案,未覆盖区域740C将三角形条间隔开。本领域的技术人员将认识到,其他结构也是可能的。 
图8示出了包括根据本发明的传感器800的触摸传感器系统的示意图,该传感器800设置在显示装置805的上方从而可以透过传感器800看 见显示装置。传感器800与控制器电子器件801连接,该控制器电子器件801与传感器往来地传送信息,从而可以确定与传感器上的触摸输入相关的信息,例如,触摸位置。显示装置805可以耦合到诸如计算机的中央处理器等处理单元806,该处理单元传送应该在显示装置上示出的内容。在其他实施例中,显示装置可以是静态(即不可改变的)显示器,因此不必连接到处理单元。可以将控制器电子器件801耦合到处理单元806,以使得计算机(未示出)可以使用触摸输入信息,并且在显示装置上显示结果。 
使用光学建模来比较本发明的层叠堆构造和某些对比构造的可见光的内透射率。还将每种本发明构造和对比构造与不包括透明导体图案的类似对照构造进行了比较。各个层叠堆构造和相应的对照构造的透射率之间的差值表示层叠堆覆盖的区域相对于从层叠堆露出的区域的可区别性的相对水平。对以下构造进行了评估,依次指定各构造的层: 
构造A(对照构造): 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
构造B(对照构造): 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
30nm厚的折射率为1.45的层(模拟二氧化硅) 
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
构造C: 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
30nm厚的折射率为1.45的层(模拟二氧化硅) 
20nm厚的折射率为2.0的层(模拟ITO) 
30nm厚的折射率为1.45的层(模拟二氧化硅) 
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
构造D: 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
30nm厚的折射率为1.46的层(模拟二氧化硅) 
20nm厚的折射率为2.0的层(模拟ITO)
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
构造E(对比构造): 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
20nm厚的折射率为2.0的层(模拟ITO) 
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
构造F(对比构造): 
折射率为1.67的层(模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板) 
20nm厚的折射率为2.0的层(模拟ITO) 
30nm厚的折射率为1.45的层(模拟二氧化硅) 
折射率为1.5的层(模拟光学粘合剂) 
图9将这些构造中的每一种构造的内透射率表示为可见光光谱范围内波长的函数。构造C和构造D中的每一种构造与构造A的比较,指示对于具有相应层叠堆结构图案的传感器构造,层叠堆所覆盖的区域的内透射率与从层叠堆露出的区域的内透射率的比较结果。对构造C和构造D中的每一种构造,被覆盖区域和露出区域的可见光内透射率的最大差值为约1%或更小,可见光光谱范围内的内透射率的平均差值为约0.5%或更小,优选的是0.3%或更小。当从构造C和构造D的层叠堆上移除位于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基板和ITO导电层之间的二氧化硅层后,对比构造F和对比构造E分别代表所得构造。从图9可以看出,在整个可见光光谱范围内,对比构造F和对比构造E的内透射率显著低于构造C和构造D的内透射率。这样,本发明的构造可以提高触摸敏感覆盖层的总体透射率,并且由于可以减小透过层叠堆所覆盖的传感器区域与透过未被层叠堆覆盖的传感器区域之间的透光率差值,因此可以降低透明导体图案的可见度。 
本发明不应该理解为限于上述具体实例,而应理解为涵盖如所附权利要求书中明确提出的本发明的所有方面。在阅读本发明的说明书之后,适用于本发明的多种修改形式、等同工艺以及众多结构对本发明领域的技术人员是显而易见的。

Claims (7)

1.一种透明触摸屏,包括:
基板;
多个层叠堆,其设置在所述基板上使得所述基板具有从层叠堆露出的一些区域以及被层叠堆覆盖的一些区域,每一个层叠堆均包括透明导体层和中间层,所述中间层设置在所述基板和所述透明导体层之间,所述中间层的折射率小于所述透明导体层的折射率并且小于所述基板的折射率;以及
多根导线,其与所述透明导体层电连接并且构造为用于与控制器电子器件连接,所述控制器电子器件适用于根据在触摸输入耦合到所述透明导体层的透明导体时收到的信号来确定触摸输入信息。
其中通过所述层叠堆所覆盖的区域的可见光透射率和通过从所述层叠堆露出的区域的可见光透射率之间的差值最大为1%或更小,并且平均差值为0.5%或更小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的透明触摸屏,其中每个层叠堆还包括位于所述透明导体层上的覆盖层,以使得所述透明导体层位于所述中间层和所述覆盖层之间,所述覆盖层的折射率小于所述透明导体层的折射率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的透明触摸屏,还包括填充材料,所述填充材料设置在所述基板上并且覆盖所述多个层叠堆和从所述多个层叠堆露出的区域。
4.根据权利要求3所述的透明触摸屏,其中所述填充材料为光学粘合剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的透明触摸屏,其中所述基板为第一基板,并且所述透明触摸屏还包括第二基板,所述第二基板具有使用光学透明粘合剂粘合到所述第一基板上的内表面和与所述内表面相对的外表面。
6.一种降低触摸屏中的图案化透明导体的可见度的方法,包括:
使基板上的透明导体图案化;以及
使所述基板和图案化透明导体之间的中间层图案化,其中透明导体图案和中间层图案相重叠,并且所述中间层的折射率小于所述基板的折射率并小于所述图案化透明导体的折射率。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括在所述图案化透明导体和所述中间层上设置填充材料的步骤,所述填充材料的折射率小于所述图案化透明导体的折射率。
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US20070236618A1 (en) 2007-10-11
US8264466B2 (en) 2012-09-11
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KR20090003261A (ko) 2009-01-09
JP2009532777A (ja) 2009-09-10
EP2002324A2 (en) 2008-12-17
WO2007115032A2 (en) 2007-10-11
EP2002324A4 (en) 2012-12-26
TW200809324A (en) 2008-02-16

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