CN101405134A - 车辆窗玻璃 - Google Patents
车辆窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101405134A CN101405134A CNA2007800100883A CN200780010088A CN101405134A CN 101405134 A CN101405134 A CN 101405134A CN A2007800100883 A CNA2007800100883 A CN A2007800100883A CN 200780010088 A CN200780010088 A CN 200780010088A CN 101405134 A CN101405134 A CN 101405134A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- window glass
- glass
- coating
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
包含两个互相间隔开的窗玻璃材料板、延伸遍及窗玻璃的最外表面的自清洁涂层并且具有阳光控制功能的车辆窗玻璃。阳光控制功能可由存在的阳光控制涂层或至少一个本体着色窗玻璃材料板产生。窗玻璃可以是夹层或双窗玻璃单元，并且还可包括功能层例如液晶膜或发光二极管层。
Description
本发明涉及车辆窗玻璃，特别涉及自清洁车辆窗玻璃。
车辆例如小汽车(car)和公共汽车在它们的车身中具有许多可将窗玻璃装配到其内的窗口；所述窗玻璃包括挡风玻璃、后窗玻璃、侧窗玻璃和天窗玻璃。在典型的小汽车中，出于安全原因挡风玻璃是夹层窗玻璃(即具有两层窗玻璃材料，该两层窗玻璃材料通过在它们之间延伸的中间层材料的层而连接在一起)，并且其余窗玻璃通常是钢化窗玻璃(尽管夹层侧窗玻璃和天窗玻璃在车辆中逐渐变得常见)。在典型的公共汽车中，挡风玻璃也是夹层窗玻璃，后窗玻璃通常是钢化玻璃，并且侧窗玻璃和天窗玻璃可以是双窗玻璃单元(即具有两层窗玻璃材料和在它们之间的密封空隙)。
除在打算用于建筑等的窗玻璃上提供自清洁涂层外，已知还在车辆窗玻璃上提供自清洁涂层。然而，特别是考虑到目前来自车辆制造商的要求，会希望能够提供这样的自清洁车辆窗玻璃，该车辆窗玻璃具有另外的功能性以增强窗玻璃的有用性，但不损害自清洁涂层的作用，并且不显著提高制造这种窗玻璃的费用或制造方法的复杂性。
因此，本发明提供了包含如下的车辆窗玻璃：
两个互相间隔开的窗玻璃材料板，和
延伸遍及所述窗玻璃最外层的自清洁涂层，
其中所述窗玻璃提供有阳光控制功能。
既包含自清洁涂层又包含阳光控制功能的车辆窗玻璃实际上具有所需的多功能性，该多功能性能够给装配有这种窗玻璃的车辆的车主和乘客提供另外的有利之处。因此除受益于窗玻璃的自清洁方面，车辆的乘客可由此持续具有基本上更清洁的窗子来透视(与不具有自清洁涂层的窗子相比)并且洗车人员具有较易于清洁的玻璃外，还可明显减少进入到车内的阳光热量(作为红外辐射)，从而在车辆内部为其乘客产生更舒适的环境。
通过限定自清洁涂层延伸遍及窗玻璃的最外表面，表示涂层是在窗玻璃的表面上。在常规车辆窗玻璃表面编号术语中，从接触车外环境的表面到接触车内环境的表面向内依次地对各个窗玻璃板的表面进行编号。因此对于两个窗玻璃材料板，表面从最外到最内编号为1至4。如下文将更加详细地描述，两个窗玻璃材料板可被在该两个板之间延伸的另外材料层互相间隔开，或者它们可被间隔开使得在其之间存在气体层(例如密封的空隙)。
如本说明书中所述，“自清洁”涂层是这样的涂层，该涂层在与水例如雨水或从诸如软管的水源喷洒的水接触后，与未提供有自清洁涂层的窗玻璃材料板相比表现出涂层暴露表面上存在的尘垢或其它污染物的量的减少。除上述优点外，车辆乘客还可受益于透过更清洁窗子的提高的能见度，该提高的能见度产生于水接触和流经涂层的方式。在本说明书中稍后将总体上讨论这方面和自清洁涂层的进一步的细节。
窗玻璃优选还包含在两个窗玻璃材料板之间延伸的功能层。自清洁涂层可具有阳光控制性能，在该情形中功能层的功能性可除此之外，还可给装配有这种窗玻璃的车辆的乘客提供另外的益处。然而可以这样，即自清洁涂层不具有任何(或任何明显的)阳光控制性能，因此功能层可单独给窗玻璃提供其阳光控制功能。如果是后种情形，功能层可包含聚合材料层，该聚合材料层在其一个表面上提供有阳光控制涂层。聚合材料层可例如为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)层。
典型地，阳光控制涂层可包括a)至少一个银基层或者b)至少一个锡基层。因此，阳光控制涂层可包含一个或多个氧化锌层、二氧化钛层和/或银层。作为替代方案，阳光控制涂层可包含掺氟氧化锡。该涂层还可包含一个或多个氮化硅层、氮化铝层和/或镍铬合金(NiCr)层。阳光控制涂层可包括金属或其它金属氧化物的单层。在金属氧化物的单层中可包含诸如锡、铟、钨和钼的金属的氧化物。涂层还可包含掺杂剂例如氟、氯、锑、锡、铝、钽、铌、铟或镓，使得可产生诸如或掺锡氧化铟的涂层。
作为替代方案，阳光控制涂层可包含多层涂层的叠层，该叠层通常包括至少一个金属层或金属氧化物层和至少一个介电层。多层叠层结构可以是重复的，从而进一步增强涂层的阳光控制功能。连同其它类似金属一起，可使用银、金、铜、镍和铬作为多层叠层中的金属层；可使用氧化铟、氧化锑等作为金属氧化物层。包含一个或两个插入在电介质层之间的银层的涂层是典型的多层叠层，所述电介质为例如硅、铝、钛、钒、锡或锌的氧化物。形成涂层的一个或多个层的厚度通常为约数十纳米。在本领域中已知许多阳光控制涂层，根据本发明可使用任何已知的阳光控制涂层。
阳光控制是功能层可提供给窗玻璃的功能之一。除具有阳光控制性能外或者作为该性能的替代方式，所述功能层可包含电器件。电器件是需要电能来实施其功能并且具有使其适于包含在车辆窗玻璃中的尺寸的器件，例如集成发光装置如一个或多个发光二极管(有可能是有机LED)、温度传感器、光传感器、指纹传感器、电容式开关/传感器、光学开关等。在窗玻璃中可包含一个或多个这样的器件。可将电器件提供在导电基底上，通过该基底向其供给为了运行而需要的电能。导电基底可以为如下两种类型之一：i)导电基底可以是涂层(优选导电阳光控制涂层)，该涂层具有适宜地形成在其内的导电线路(例如通过涂层的激光消除)，或ii)其可以是柔性电路板，在该电路板上提供导电线路。在两种情形中，基底通常还形成功能层的一部分。然而，涂层可任选提供在窗玻璃材料板之一上。
功能层可具有的另外的功能性(除本文先前所述的一个或两个方面外或作为所述方面的替代方式)涉及窗玻璃透射光的方式。这样，功能层可包含用于使透射通过窗玻璃的光分散和衰减的可见光衰减材料。所指的光可以是阳光、月光、来自街灯的光等。如果功能层还包含呈一个或多个发光二极管形式的电器件，光的衰减和分散特别有用。这是因为发光二极管是离散的点光源，光衰减材料可包括在并且合适地定位在窗玻璃结构中，从而散开并减少一个或多个二极管所发出的光的量。
优选地，可见光衰减材料选自液晶膜、电致变色层和悬浮粒子器件(“SPD”)。液晶膜可分散从其穿过的可将光并使其衰减。液晶膜可在透明态(由施加到膜的电压产生)和不透明态(没有施加电压)之间电转换。穿过液晶膜的可见光被衰减和分散的程度可通过调节施加到膜的电压来控制。有利地，可将液晶膜分成区域，各个区域可以是可独立转换的。本领域中已知的是，电致变色材料在电压从中穿过时可类似地在透明态和变暗态之间转换。本领域中还已知的是，SPD可在变暗态(没有对其施加电压)和具有提高的可见光透射率的状态(由施加到器件的交流电压产生)之间电转换。可使用适于包含在车辆窗玻璃内的任何已知的液晶膜材料、电致变色材料或SPD。
目前已经考虑到对于功能层的一些可能性，再次指窗玻璃的阳光控制功能，其可以是至少一个窗玻璃材料板是本体着色玻璃，该玻璃的组成可包括一种或多种下面的着色剂：氧化铁、氧化钴、硒、氧化铬、氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化铜、氧化钒、氧化镍。如果使用氧化铁(按照以Fe2O3表示的总铁)作为着色剂，其所含有的量优选为玻璃的0.01-3.0重量％、进一步优选0.1-2.0重量％和最优选0.5-1.5重量％。在玻璃中存在的总铁、特别是亚铁态的铁(Fe2+)越多，玻璃可吸收越多的红外辐射。
两个窗玻璃材料板均可以是玻璃板，并且如果仅一个板是本体着色的，在另一个板可以是透明的。还有可能两个板均是透明玻璃，或者两个板均是本体着色的。一个或两个板可以是钢化玻璃。此外，窗玻璃材料板可替代为由塑料材料例如聚碳酸酯制成。窗玻璃材料板可以是平面的或者它们可以是弯曲的。每个板的厚度可以为0.5-25mm、优选1-10mm、进一步优选1-5mm。窗玻璃的总厚度因此可为1.5-100mm、优选2-50mm、进一步优选2.5-20mm和最优选2.5-10mm。窗玻璃材料板越薄，窗玻璃重量总体上将越轻，这通常对于车辆制造商和环境是有利的，因为配备有较轻重量窗玻璃的车辆通常由于其总重量减轻而更加节省燃料。
此外有可能的是，除上文给出的选择外或作为这些选择的替代方式，通过在至少一个窗玻璃材料板的内表面上提供阳光控制涂层(如上文所定义)，可实现窗玻璃的阳光控制功能。用“内表面”表示窗玻璃内的非暴露表面即在窗玻璃的表面2或3上。
现再次提及窗玻璃最外表面上的自清洁涂层，自清洁涂层的性质可以是亲水的、疏水的或超疏水的(目前分别被描述为具有小于约30°、大于约80°和大于约120°的接触角)。当水接触亲水涂层时，其具有在其上铺展开的倾向，从而有效地形成片。当受促流经涂层时(例如在重力影响下)，水保持为片状。当水接触疏水涂层时，其具有在该涂层上形成离散的液滴的倾向，当受促流经该涂层时其从该涂层流掉。如先前所述，这样的水行为可导致更清洁的窗子。虽然能够利用目前开发的用于建筑玻璃的技术，但目前优选亲水涂层。涂层可另外表现出光活性，使得当涂层暴露于紫外辐射时，可将涂层上存在的任何尘垢或其它有机污染物在结构上进行降解，并随后用水洗涤掉。在本发明中可使用通过任何合适的已知技术(包括溶胶-凝胶、喷雾热解、磁控溅射真空沉积和化学气相沉积方法)沉积的任何已知的自清洁涂层(例如二氧化钛基、二氧化硅基和硅氧烷基涂层)。然而，仅包含晶态(锐钛矿)二氧化钛的涂层目前表现得最为有效。
国际专利公开WO 2004/085701A1描述了在打算用于建筑工业的基底上的二氧化钛涂层的沉积方法和性能。其中的很多教导适用于本发明，因此通过引用将WO‘701的内容合并到本文中。自清洁涂层基本上可提供在底层上，该底层可直接沉积到所讨论的窗玻璃材料板的最外表面上。当自清洁涂层沉积在玻璃板上时底层可特别有用，因为其可减少或防止碱金属离子从玻璃迁移到涂层内。底层可以是硅基涂层，典型地是二氧化硅(SiO2)。
自清洁涂层可沉积为大于10nm、但小于40nm、优选小于20nm和最优选小于15nm的厚度，为使其最有效地实施其功能。可将底层沉积为类似厚度。自清洁涂层还可具有至多约5nm(高值)、优选约2-3nm(低值)、但可能小于2nm的粗糙度值Ra。粗糙度值越低，涂层有可能越耐久。
优选地，自清洁涂层表现出5-20％(当垂直于涂层测量时)、进一步优选8-18％和最优选10-15％的反射率。这样的反射率值意味着装配有这样的窗玻璃的车辆的乘客在被从车辆外观察时可享有提高的隐私。此外，涂层的反射率可减少从外侧车辆元件的可见度，所述车辆元件例如是与窗玻璃有关的母线(例如当给发光二极管提供电能时)，其可见度通常是不希望的。此外，窗玻璃表现出的反射率在“偏斜角(off angle)”(即在除垂直以外的到涂层的入射角)、特别是在大于30°的入射角进行测量时可较大，从而有助于窗玻璃的阳光控制功能。
可在窗玻璃的最内表面上提供另外的涂层-该涂层可以是自清洁型涂层，用以在涂层暴露于紫外辐射时对车内环境除臭，或者其可以是低发射率涂层以减少进入到车辆的热量(当一个或两个窗玻璃材料板是本体着色时特别有用，其可吸收红外辐射并随后将该能量再次辐射)。特定涂层的发射率是指涂层辐射能量的倾向。因此低发射率涂层是不良热辐射体(与黑体本体相比，黑体本体是理想的辐射体并且定义为具有一致的发射率)。在窗玻璃最内表面上提供的低发射率涂层通常可是这样的涂层，该涂层使得当施加到3mm透明浮法玻璃时，涂覆玻璃具有0.05-0.45的发射率；实际值是依照于EN 12898(欧洲浮法玻璃制造商协会公布的标准)测量。产生小于0.3辐射率的涂层(当在3mm透明浮法玻璃上使用时)是优选的。硬涂层(其在玻璃板上时，典型地在玻璃形成期间通过以已知方式、例如通过使用化学气相沉积方法将涂料热解沉积到玻璃表面来典型地“在线”形成)通常可具有大于0.15(优选小于0.2)的发射率，而离线涂层(其在玻璃板上时，典型地在完成玻璃制造后沉积到玻璃板表面上，并且通常是溅射涂层)通常可具有大于0.05(优选小于0.1)的发射率。在两种情形中，发射率可与透明未涂覆玻璃的假定常规辐射率(其数值为约0.89)进行比较。
低发射率涂层的组成可以与先前对于阳光控制涂层所进行的描述相同：基本上是任选掺杂的金属或金属氧化物的单层，或者是包括至少一个金属或金属氧化物层和至少一个介电层的多层叠层。
本发明的车辆窗玻璃可为夹层形式，具有将窗玻璃板连接在一起的层合中间层材料的层。如果窗玻璃包括功能层，可将其提供为层合中间层材料的层或者可另外将其层合到窗玻璃中。在后种情形中，可将功能层插入在两层层合中间层材料之间以形成复合中间层。层合中间层材料可以是本领域已知的适合于形成夹层的任何材料。其可以是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)、聚氯乙烯(“PVC”)、聚氨酯(“PU”)或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)。典型地将其提供为0.38-1.1mm、但最通常0.76mm的厚度。中间层材料可以是透明的或本体着色的。其还可以是红外吸收性或反射性的(从而提供或至少有利于窗玻璃的阳光控制功能)和/或其可以具有隔音性能(通常称作“声学中间层”)。
作为替代方案，本发明的窗玻璃可以是双窗玻璃单元形式，具有在两个窗玻璃材料板之间的密封空隙。所述两个板可由沿板的至少两个相对边缘设置的间隔部件互相间隔开。如果窗玻璃包括功能层，该层可位于面向空隙的窗玻璃材料板之一的表面上。类似地，低发射率涂层可位于面向空隙的表面上。双窗玻璃单元是多窗玻璃单元的最基本形式；本发明的窗玻璃可包含三个或更多个窗玻璃材料板，各个板由密封空隙互相间隔开。此外，多板窗玻璃单元可具有一个或多个其夹层窗玻璃形式的板。在这样的窗玻璃单元中，夹层优选形成中间层。
可将根据本发明的窗玻璃装配到车辆车身中的任何窗子内。然而，其特别可用作天窗。
为了更好的理解，现将通过非限制性的实施例并参考所附的示意性附图(和如图中所示)更为具体地描述本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的车辆窗玻璃的透视图；
图2是沿图1的A-A线观察的横截面；和
图3是沿图1中可选窗玻璃结构的A-A线观察的横截面。
图1的车辆窗玻璃10包含窗玻璃材料外板11和窗玻璃材料内板12，并且是以天窗形式。窗玻璃的最外层(表面1-外板11的外表面)提供有自清洁涂层13。如先前所述，可将自清洁涂层13直接沉积在外板11上，或者可将其沉积在底层上(未示出)以保持其自清洁完整性(integrity)。虽然在图1中没有显示，但可围绕窗玻璃10的周缘提供阴暗带以掩饰和保护密封剂(未示出)，该密封剂可用于将窗子固定到车辆(未示出)内。阴暗带通常由丝网印刷到窗玻璃材料板之一的表面上的不透光油墨制成并随后进行烧制。
图2提供了关于窗玻璃10的结构的更多细节，该细节在于其是包括窗玻璃材料外板11和内板12之间的中间层14的夹层。窗玻璃材料板之一者或其两者可以是透明玻璃，例如具有如下范围(重量)中的组成(“组成1”)：SiO2 68-75％、Al2O3 0-5％、Na2O 10-18％、K2O 0-5％、MgO 0-10％、CaO 5-15％、SO3 0-2％，连同至多2％量的其它任选添加剂(例如澄清助剂)。作为替代方案，窗玻璃材料板之一者或其两者可以是例如具有下面组成之一的着色玻璃：
组成2
基础玻璃(重量)：72.1％SiO2、1.1％Al2O3、13.5％Na2O、0.6％K2O、8.5％CaO、3.9％MgO和0.2％SO3，以及着色剂部分(重量)：1.45％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.30％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)、230ppm Co3O4、210ppm NiO和19ppm Se。这样的玻璃目前可按GALAXSEETM从英国的Pilkington Group Limited获得；
组成3
基础玻璃与组成2大约相同，着色剂部分(重量)：0.9％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.20％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)。这样的玻璃目前可按OPTIKOOLTM也从Pilkington Group Limited获得；
组成4
基础玻璃与组成2大约相同，着色剂部分(重量)：0.64-0.68％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.14-0.17％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)和64-68ppm Co3O4。这样的玻璃目前可按ARCTIC BLUETM也从Pilkington GroupLimited获得；
组成5
基础玻璃与组成2大约相同，着色剂部分(重量)：0.6％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.14％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)。这样的着浅绿色调的玻璃目前从Pilkington Group Limited获得；
组成6
基础玻璃与组成2大约相同，着色剂部分(重量)：0.58％总铁(以Fe2O3计算)、0.14％氧化亚铁(以FeO计算)和52ppm Co3O4。这样的玻璃目前按ARCTIC LITETM也从Pilkington Group Limited获得。
在夹层窗玻璃结构及随后的相关光学性能的表中，其中如表现出的那样所示，涂层13是在30-40nm厚二氧化硅底层上的15nm厚晶态(锐钛矿)二氧化钛层。中间层14或者是0.76mm厚的透明聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”)片(“中间层A”)，或者是与4mm GALAXSEETM着色玻璃板颜色适配和透射适配(transmission-matched)的0.76mm厚的着色PVB片(“中间层B”)，或者是目前可从Solutia Inc.POBox 66760，St.Louis，MO 63166-6760，USA(www.solutia.com)获得的0.76mm厚的着色阳光吸收性PVB片(code：SB47 252100)(“中间层C”)。表中引用的光学性能按如下测得：
-LTA是使用CIE光源A在380-780nm波长范围内以5nm的间隔测得的由窗玻璃透射的可见光；
-RLA是使用CIE光源A在380-780nm波长范围内以5nm的间隔测得的由窗玻璃反射的可见光；
-TE是依照于ISO 9050：E(2003)标准在Air Mass 1.5测得的由窗玻璃直接透射的总能量；
-RE是依照于ISO 9050：E(2003)标准在Air Mass 1.5测得的由窗玻璃直接反射的总能量；
-TSHT是由窗玻璃透射的总太阳热(即直接透射的能量(TE)和由窗玻璃吸收及随后再辐射的能量总和)，依照于ISO 9050：E(2003)标准使用Air Mass 1.5进行计算；
-a*和b*是使用光源D65在2°观测者角度测得的依照于CIELAB系统的窗玻璃的透射颜色坐标。
所列出的没有涂层13的各个实施例是对比例，以显示自清洁涂层对表中所描述的窗玻璃10的光学性能的附加影响。清楚的是，自清洁涂层13本身具有阳光控制性能，因为这些提供有涂层13的窗玻璃与未提供有涂层13的那些窗玻璃相比表现出TE和TSHT的降低(及RE的增加)，从而提高了装配有这种窗玻璃的车辆内部乘客的舒适度。此外，涂覆窗玻璃比未涂覆窗玻璃反射更多的可见光，从而提高车辆内部乘客的隐私。根据本发明的车辆窗玻璃可优选具有小于40％、优选小于30％和最优选10-20％的LTA。其可类似地具有小于35％、优选小于30％和最优选5-25％的TE。其还可表现出落入a*-1至-18；b*-16至+9、优选a*-2至-16；b*-10至+8和最优选a*-3至-14；b*-2至+7范围内的颜色。
图3中所示窗玻璃10的结构是夹层，该夹层包括作为其层之一(在这种情形中是外层)的双窗玻璃单元。双窗玻璃单元包含窗玻璃材料外板11、窗玻璃材料中间板21、维持窗玻璃材料板11、21互相间隔开的间隔体23和中间板21内表面上(即在窗玻璃的表面3上)的低发射率涂层25。间隔体23用于将板11、21之间的空隙24密封。代替用空气填充空隙24的是，可用任何其它给窗玻璃提供良好的热绝缘性能的气体、优选惰性气体进行填充。
双窗玻璃单元通过中间层22连接到窗玻璃材料内板12，从而形成夹层。窗玻璃材料板11、12、21的组成可选自与图2相关的上述组成1-6。
如上所述，对于所描述的窗玻璃，每个还可包括在其构造内的功能层和/或自清洁型涂层或在其最内表面上的低发射率涂层。
Claims (24)
1.车辆窗玻璃，其包含
两个互相间隔开的窗玻璃材料板，和
延伸遍及所述窗玻璃的最外表面的自清洁涂层，
其中所述窗玻璃提供有阳光控制功能。
2.如权利要求1中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其还包含在两个窗玻璃材料板之间延伸的功能层。
3.如权利要求2中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述功能层包含聚合材料的层，该聚合材料的层在其一个表面上提供有阳光控制涂层。
4.如权利要求3中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述阳光控制涂层包括a)至少一个银基层或者b)至少一个锡基层。
5.如权利要求2至4中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述功能层包含电器件。
6.如权利要求5中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述电器件包含一个或多个发光二极管。
7.如权利要求5或权利要求6中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述电器件提供在导电基底上。
8.如权利要求2至7中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述功能层包含可见光衰减材料。
9.如权利要求8中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述可见光衰减材料是选自液晶膜、电致变色层和悬浮粒子器件的材料。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中至少一个窗玻璃材料板是本体着色玻璃，该玻璃的组成包括一种或多种下面的着色剂：氧化铁、氧化钴、硒、氧化铬、氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化铜、氧化钒、氧化镍。
11.如权利要求10中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中含有的氧化铁(按照以Fe2O3计的总铁)量为玻璃的0.01-3.0重量％。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中至少一个窗玻璃材料板的内表面上提供有阳光控制涂层。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中各个窗玻璃材料板具有0.5-25mm的厚度。
14.如权利要求13中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中窗玻璃的总厚度为1.5-100mm。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述自清洁涂层是亲水涂层。
16.如权利要求15中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中亲水的自清洁涂层表现出光活性。
17.如权利要求15或16中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述自清洁涂层包含晶态二氧化钛。
18.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述自清洁涂层表现出5-20％的反射率。
19.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中自清洁型涂层提供在窗玻璃的最内表面上。
20.如权利要求1至18中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中在窗玻璃的最内表面上提供低发射率涂层。
21.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其呈夹层形式，具有将窗玻璃板连接在一起的层合中间层材料的层。
22.如权利要求21中所述的车辆窗玻璃，其中所述层合中间层材料的层吸收或反射红外辐射。
23.如权利要求1至20中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃，其呈双窗玻璃单元形式，具有在两个窗玻璃材料板之间的密封空隙。
24.前述权利要求中任一项所述的车辆窗玻璃作为天窗玻璃的应用。
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- 2007-02-06 US US12/279,314 patent/US8263228B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN102458836A (zh) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-05-16 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 层压玻璃板和它的用途 |
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| CN102438342A (zh) * | 2011-09-26 | 2012-05-02 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | 具有加热功能的车窗玻璃 |
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| CN104385722A (zh) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-04 | 广西远大玻璃节能科技股份有限公司 | 一种夹层玻璃 |
| US11091390B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-08-17 | Furcifer Inc. | Integration of electrochromic films on a substrate |
| US11834366B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2023-12-05 | Furcifer Inc. | Integration of electrochromic films on a substrate |
| CN108604035A (zh) * | 2016-06-14 | 2018-09-28 | 菲尔齐费尔公司 | 电致变色膜在基体上的整合 |
| CN108604035B (zh) * | 2016-06-14 | 2022-07-01 | 菲尔齐费尔公司 | 电致变色膜在基体上的整合 |
| CN106430999A (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2017-02-22 | 株洲醴陵旗滨玻璃有限公司 | 一种本体着色翡翠绿玻璃及其镀膜制造方法 |
| CN108692284A (zh) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-23 | 福特全球技术公司 | 车辆照明的气流控制装置 |
| CN111989304A (zh) * | 2018-04-16 | 2020-11-24 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及汽车车顶用夹层玻璃 |
| CN111989304B (zh) * | 2018-04-16 | 2023-03-07 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及汽车车顶用夹层玻璃 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1986847A1 (en) | 2008-11-05 |
| JP2009526700A (ja) | 2009-07-23 |
| US8263228B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| WO2007093823A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
| US20100221461A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
| GB0602933D0 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
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