CN101404898B - 一种用于高脂血症和中风的预防和恢复的天然植物提取物的组合物,含此活性成分的天然茶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于高脂血症和中风的预防和恢复的天然植物提取物的组合物,含此活性成分的天然茶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于恢复和预防高脂血症和中风的天然植物提取物的组合物,含此活性成分的天然茶及其制备方法。天然植物提取物包含决明提取物、合欢提取物。该天然植物提取物的组合物可以降低血液中胆固醇含量,从而预防由高胆固醇引起的动脉硬化和中风。同时,持续饮用天然茶,上述疾病病发初期也可以得到治疗。制成饮品后,方便日常饮用,可以有效预防和治疗高脂血症和中风。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于高脂血症和中风的预防和恢复(recovery)的天然植物提取物的组合物,含此活性成分的天然茶及其制备方法。尤其涉及一种天然植物提取物的组合物,例如,含决明(Cassia tora)提取物和合欢(Albizziajulibrissin)提取物的天然植物提取物的组合物。
背景技术
目前循环系统疾病已经成为美国、欧洲甚至韩国人口死亡的主要原因,尤其是心脏局部缺血(心绞痛、心肌梗塞)、动脉硬化和脑血管疾病引起的死亡率急剧增加。血液中胆固醇以及血脂水平增高可能导致动脉硬化,动脉硬化是一种心血管疾病,高胆固醇血症阻碍血液流动引起心脏疾病、中风等疾病。现代人类饮食环境改善,导致营养摄取过剩超出细胞需求,造成胆固醇吸收过量。低密度脂蛋白(LDL)将胆固醇运输至血管内膜上沉积,转变为泡沫细胞、脂质条纹、动脉粥样化等,这些物质会降低血管收缩和舒张能力,从而引起冠状动脉疾病、中风、外周血管狭窄、高血压等症。泡沫细胞反复发生炎症反应和细胞增殖,破坏或增厚细胞壁,导致血小板粘附在细胞壁上引起血栓。因此,动脉硬化引起的血管狭窄和血栓引起的血管总体阻塞造成心脏供血瞬间受阻,引发心肌梗塞致人死亡。
因此,心血管疾病的预防比治疗更为重要。目前,诸多研究进入高脂血症以及动脉硬化和中风的预防研究领域。就可以降低胆固醇水平的可溶性膳食纤维的研究已有报道,但是具有低副作用的天然植物提取物的研究还没有取得令人满意的成果。
因此,本发明研究开发通过长期服用可降低胆固醇水平的食物(如上所述,高脂血症和中风的预防比治疗更为重要),以此预防高脂血症和动脉硬化、中风等,并且有助于这些疾病初发的治疗。为此,本发明提供了一种天然植物 提取物,它便于饮用,疗果显著。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种有效用于恢复和预防高脂血症和中风的天然植物提取物的组合物,以及含此活性成分的天然茶。
本发明另一目的是提供用于恢复和预防高脂血症和中风的天然植物提取物的组合物,以及含此活性成分的天然茶的制备方法。
为了实现以上目的,本发明提供了一种包含决明(Cassia tora)提取物和合欢(Albizzia julibrissin)提取物的天然植物提取物的组合物,该组合物可以有效恢复和预高脂血症和中风。
本发明的组合物中,决明提取物和合欢提取物的重量比为1:0.3-0.5。
合欢提取物含有大量的槲皮素。
决明提取物含有大量的决明素(C18H16O7)。
本发明天然植物提取物的组合物还可以另外含有至少一种提取物,选自五味子(Schizandra chinensis)提取物,桑树(Morus alba)提取物和甘草(licorice)提取物。所述的至少一种选自五味子提取物,桑树提取物和甘草提取物的植物提取物,与合欢提取物的重量比为1:0.1-2。
除上述植物提取物外,本发明天然植物提取物还可以含有其他的天然植物提取物。
本发明天然植物提取物的组合物按重量比计,可以含有20-50wt%决明提取物,10-70wt%合欢提取物,10-20wt%至少一种选自五味子提取物,桑树提取物和甘草提取物的天然植物提取物。该天然植物提取物的组合物也可含20-50wt%决明提取物,10-65wt%合欢提取物,5-20wt%五味子提取物,5-20wt%桑树提取物,5-20wt%甘草提取物。
本发明所用提取溶剂可以是任何常规提取溶剂,优选溶剂为50%乙醇和水(比例1:1-3)组成的混合溶剂。天然植物提取物可以在80-100℃下提取1-8小时制得,但不局限于此。每种植物分别提取1-3次,混合提取组分后浓缩备用。
合欢提取物取自合欢的皮、叶子、花、根和种子。
合欢提取物由合欢植物洗涤,充分干燥、物理方法粉碎、溶剂提取粉碎物质后得到。提取溶剂可以是任何常规提取溶剂,优选溶剂为50%乙醇和水的混 合溶剂。提取物可以在80-100℃下提取1-8小时,然后蒸发除去乙醇后得到。合欢提取溶剂用量和粉碎物的重量比为1:2-6。
决明提取物与合欢提取物的制备方法相同。不过,决明的提取溶剂用量和粉碎物的比例优选1:1-4。决明提取物取自决明的叶子、根、茎和花。
五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物与合欢提取物的制备方法相同。
这种天然植物提取物的组合物可包含在各种不同的食物中,制备有效恢复和预防高脂血症和中风的天然茶,尤其适合包含在饮用水中,方便服用。
天然茶中可以含有一般食品添加剂,包括软化剂、芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂。
有效预防高脂血症和中风的天然茶中,本发明所述天然植物提取物的组合物在茶总量中所占的比例优选14-40wt%。
天然茶最好含有抗氧化维生素,例如维生素E。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种恢复和预防高脂血症的天然植物提取物的组合物以及含此活性成分的天然茶的制备方法。该方法包含以下步骤:制备决明提取物;制备合欢提取物;将上述提取物浓缩并混合。其中所述提取物由50%乙醇和水组成的混合溶剂于80-100℃提取1-8小时得到。
本发明方法还包括制备五味子提取物、制备桑树提取物或制备甘草提取物的步骤。
具体实施方式
本发明内容进一步详细说明如下:
本发明涉及一种含有合欢提取物和决明提取物的天然植物提取物组合物和含此活性成分的天然茶,该组合物和天然茶可有效恢复和预防高脂血症和中风。该创造性组合物中所含的合欢提取物和决明提取物重量比优选1:0.3-5。
合欢(Albizzia julibrissin Dura)韩语中也被称为“Boochenamu”,“Sanyazanamu”,“Sos-salbabnamu”,“Jagunamu”,“Jagulnang”(韩语为Jeju),“Zagusari”,“Shoisalbab”(韩语为Youngnam),“Yahapsoo”,“Haphonsoo”。它具有双羽状复叶,叶子晚间粘在一起,日间分开,粉红色花簇沿枝头生长,果实呈豆壳状。它生长在韩国南方或中心地带海拔500-700米之间的山区,在各不同地区公园或者住房周围都有种植。因为其叶子在夜间粘在一起,韩语中 也称之为Yahap或Haphon。其树皮中含有生物碱、丹宁、皂甙;叶中含有槲皮素,幼叶中含200mg%的维生素C,种子中含有生物碱。同时,它还含有合欢催产素糖苷(glycoside albitosin)。特殊成分槲皮甙可以增粗毛细血管,有利于清洁皮肤,中和毒素。据CE659年苏敬撰写的《唐本草》记载,合欢可以治疗五种痔病、调和五脏、止吐、中和乙醇以及铁钉毒性。
合欢提取物可以取自合欢的皮、叶、花、根和种子。
合欢经洗涤、充分干燥、粉碎、溶剂提取后得到合欢提取物。所述提取溶剂可以是任意常规溶剂,优选50%的乙醇和水组成的混合溶剂。提取物在80-100℃提取1-8小时,浓缩,蒸除乙醇后得到。提取溶剂用量和粉碎物的重量比为1:2-6。
决明提取物与合欢提取物的制备方法相同。不过,决明的提取溶剂用量和粉碎物的比例优选1:1-4。决明提取物取自决明的叶子、根、茎和花。
决明子(Cassia semen)是决明(Cossia obtusifllia L)或小决明(Cassie toraL)的种子,中药中用作助消化剂、肠抗菌剂、利尿剂或通便剂。据东医宝鉴(东方医药的宝鉴,由1610年朝鲜(Joseon Dynasty)时代Heo Jun编写的综合药学著作)记载,饮用煮沸决明可益肝明目。从决明中分离并鉴别得到如下化合物:蒽醌类化合物如大黄酚、大黄素和大黄素甲醚,蒽醌糖甙类化合物如决明蒽醌、决明素、金决明素、去甲基红镰霉素、红镰霉素。从植物种子分离得到大黄素、决明蒽醌、auranthioobtusin(C17H14O7)及其甙类,色谱确证了大黄酚、大黄酚蒽酮、芦荟大黄素和大黄酸,同时分离得到naphtopyron及其糖甙类化合物如红镰霉素、去甲基红镰霉素、红镰霉素gentiobiocide、异香豆素决明内酯、黄色素决明松。植物叶子中还含有山奈-3-二糖甙(C27H30O16·2H2O)。
决明具有以下作用:i)清理肝脏,改善视力。ii)降低血压。换言之,当血压升高、不稳、抗高血压药非长效药时,有时会损伤心血管或脑血管系统,此时冠状动脉扩张可以降低血压。且对于原发性高血压长期服药并无效果,脑出血引起的麻痹会导致偏瘫,以至于高血压状态持续,便秘也发生了。此时,饮用煮沸的决明同时服用适当的处方药可以降低血压、预防便秘。iii)降低胆固醇,例如预防冠状动脉硬化引起的高胆固醇血症。
这种可恢复和预防高脂血症和中风的天然植物提取物还可以包含其他天 然提取物,例如五味子提取物、桑树提取物或甘草提取物。
五味子的果实Schizandra chinensis baillon中含有有机酸、皂甙等,改善视力为人熟知,并有可能对恢复疲劳有效。
桑(Morus alba L)是Morus alba Linne或其它关系密切植物(桑科)的嫩枝。形状长呈圆柱形,长度不一,有时连有侧枝,直径达5-15mm。它外表呈灰色或灰黄色,有黄褐色粘性的皮孔和叶柄连接的痕,还有细微的纵向褶皱。桑质地坚硬,不易折断,折断部位的皮薄主要由木质部组成。木质部呈淡黄白色,呈放射状。木髓呈白色至淡黄白色。它的根皮含有0.15%桑皮黄素(C25H26O6)、0.2%桑皮烯黄素(C25H24O6)、0.2%环桑皮黄素(C25H24O6)、0.016%环桑皮烯黄素(C25H22O6)、东莨菪素、伞形酮、葫芦巴碱、鞣酸、黄酮类桑根皮素、三萜类amirin,谷甾醇-d-葡糖甙、白桦脂酸、腺嘌呤、甜菜碱、棕榈酸以及硬酯酸。
桑果实主要含维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C和油(种子中含25%,主要为亚麻酸)、花青素苷、非糖类花青素、菊色素、100%糖类(葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和果糖)、有机酸(苹果酸和柠檬酸)、精油和异槲皮素。
桑木质部含0.03%黄酮类桑色素(C15H10O7),二氢桑色素(C15H12O5),桑酮(五羟二苯基酮,C13H10O6)等。根皮可以增加血液异烟肼的浓度并维持该浓度,因此对结核病的治疗效果良好。树皮和树叶提取物具有降血糖作用。
甘草含温和的组分,味甘,含甜化成分甘草甜素;甘草通过促进干扰素释放,显示出抗过敏活性、NK细胞激活活性和抗炎活性;还具有抑制胃酸分泌,抗溃疡和保护胃粘膜的作用。它还具有消毒、止咳、化痰和中和药物的作用。另外,它可以抵抗各种极性药物或有毒药物以治疗由药性剧烈或有毒的药物引起的毒性,以及中和细菌毒性。
天然植物提取物可以进一步包含至少一种选自如下的提取物:五味子提取物、桑树提取物或甘草提取物。所述至少一种提取物选自五味子提取物、桑树提取物或甘草提取物,与合欢提取物的重量比为1:0.1-2。天然植物提取物的组合物还可以进一步包含其他天然植物提取物。
天然植物提取物含有20-50wt%决明提取物,10-70wt%合欢提取物,以及10-20wt%至少一种选自五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物的提取物。
天然植物提取物的组合物加入功能性食物中,食物总量中的天然植物提取 物的含量优选14-40%。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种治疗和预防高脂血症和中风的天然植物提取物的制备方法。该方法包含如下步骤:制备决明提取物;制备合欢提取物;浓缩并混合所述提取物;其中所述提取物通过在50%的乙醇与水组成的混合溶剂中在80-100℃下提取1-8小时获得。
所述用来制备天然植物提取物的组合物的方法可以进一步包含制备五味子提取物、制备桑树提取物或制备甘草提取物的步骤。合欢提取物以及决明提取物浓缩后使用较好。
如上所述,循环系统疾病中,血胆固醇过多和血液中低密度脂蛋白浓度增加是引起动脉硬化进而引发中风的重要因素。并且高脂血症和中风的预防比发病后治疗更为重要,因此如果可以通过摄入日常食物降低胆固醇含量,就能预防高脂血症和中风,同样高脂血症和中风发生后,也可以通过连续饮用这些食物得到治疗。
检测胆固醇含量减少的一般方法包括分析血清中胆固醇、LDL-胆固醇以及甘油三酯总量的减少,上述指标与高脂血症有关,或者分析HDL-胆固醇的增加,HDL-胆固醇是抑制胆固醇水平升高的因子。
以下将通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明,便于理解本发明,不对保护范围进行限制。
实施例1 制备合欢提取物
合欢树皮经洗涤后充分干燥、粉碎,5g经粉碎的合欢用130cc50%的乙醇和330cc水在95℃提取6小时,浓缩去除乙醇后得到300cc的合欢提取物,按照上述提取方法将植物再提取两次,得到合欢提取物。将三份合欢提取物合并、浓缩至1/3体积,得到300cc合欢提取液。
实施例2 制备决明提取物
决明种子经洗涤后充分干燥、粉碎,5g经粉碎的决明用实施例1相同的方法提取,得到300cc浓缩提取液。
实施例3 制备五味子提取物
五味子叶子经洗涤后充分干燥、粉碎,5g经粉碎的五味子用实施例1相同的方法提取,得到300cc浓缩提取液。
实施例4 制备桑树提取物
桑经洗涤后充分干燥、粉碎,5g经粉碎的桑用实施例1相同的方法提取,得到300cc浓缩提取液。
实施例5制备甘草提取物
甘草经洗涤后充分干燥、粉碎,5g经粉碎的甘草用实施例1相同的方法提取,得到300cc浓缩提取液。
实施例6-10
将实施例1-5制备的提取物按如下表1所示的组分进行混合,得到天然植物提取物组合物。
表1.制备天然植物提取物的组合物(单位:重量%)
合欢 | 决明 | 五味子 | 桑 | 甘草 | |
实施例6 | 50 | 50 | |||
实施例7 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
实施例8 | 30 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
实施例9 | 20 | 50 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
实施例10 | 40 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 |
实施例11-15制备天然茶(单位:重量%)
表2
实施例6组合物 | 实施例7组合物 | 水 | 抗氧化维生素E | 其他食物添加剂 | |
实施例11 | 2 | 平衡 | 4 | 少量 | |
实施例12 | 1.5 | 平衡 | 6 | 少量 | |
实施例13 | 3 | 平衡 | 3 | 少量 | |
实施例14 | 1.5 | 平衡 | 6 | 少量 | |
实施例15 | 4 | 平衡 | 4 | 少量 |
测试实施例1
受试者
50名高脂血症患者(男性20名,女性30名)随机分成两组,每组25人。一组施予本发明组合物,另一组给予安慰剂。
1)一组平均年龄为56.1±2.8岁给予本发明组合物,男性占40.9%(n=9),另一组平均年龄为57.1±2.3给予安慰剂,男性占42.1%(n=8)。
2)两组受试者身高、体重、BNI以及WHR相似,血压无明显差异。
3)两组受试者中持续饮酒者的比例、持续吸烟者的比例、营养素摄取和承受的压力无明显差异,但给予服用安慰剂的一组食用健康食物的比例明显较高(p<0.05)。不管给药本发明组合物或安慰剂前后的时间点,两试验组在饮酒比率、现在持续吸烟者比率、摄取营养素比率以及压力均存在一定不同,除了摄入健康食物以外,其他细节均无显著差异。
4)试验开始时,两受试组饮食习惯评分、进食频率评分没有差异。并且两个组在给予发明组合物和安慰剂前后的饮食习惯评分相似。不过,给予安慰剂组进食频率略有增加,但两组之间并无显著性差异。
安慰剂
2.5g麦芽糖糊精、0.5g辅料加入至200cc水中,同时加入可食用的色素,使安慰剂颜色与本发明天然茶相似。
测试方法
连续给予本发明中实施列13中天然茶以及安慰剂2个月,试验后第一个月与第二个月重复进行血液测试和生物化学测试。试验中,准许受试者分别饮用140cc的本发明组合物以及安慰剂。
在给予实施例13的提取物以及安慰剂前后,用注射器收集血液并凝固。血凝块在1000rpm下离心分离,收集血清并测试胆固醇水平。
胆固醇水平的测试通过胆固醇总量测定法(宝灵曼,德国)、HDL-胆固醇测定法(宝灵曼,德国)和生化自动分析仪(Hitachi 747,日本)测试胆固醇氧化酶(CO)、胆固醇酯酶(CE)以及过氧化物酶(POD)的酶促反应来完成。
测试结果如下表3所示:
表3:
(mg/dl):
从表3可以看出,给予本发明实施例11天然茶的组血清甘油三酯降低50mg,给予安慰剂的组血清甘油三酯也有所下降,但仅下降17mg,与给予天然茶组相比降幅很小。
如表3所示,给予实施例11天然茶组和给予安慰剂组的血清胆固醇水平在给药后的第1月、第2月均连续下降。然而,给予天然茶组的血清胆固醇水平下降幅度是安慰剂组的18倍。
如表3所示,给予安慰剂组的高胆固醇抑制因子HDL-胆固醇水平在给药后2个月有轻微下降趋势,而给予本发明实施例11天然茶组Apo A1值增加了5.1mg,Apo A1是HDL含有的一种典型的载脂蛋白。基于HDL-胆固醇以及ApoA1的高度相关性(相关系数r=0.90146),Apo A1的增加可以认为是HDL-胆固醇的增加。
LDL-胆固醇水平在两试验组均有下降,给予安慰剂组在试验的第1个月降低,而后升高,而给予本发明天然茶组为连续降低。LDL-胆固醇中的载脂蛋白Apo B在两试验组均明显下降,但给予天然茶组降幅更大。试验表明给予本发明的天然茶可以使低密度脂蛋白水平下降。
测试例2:血糖及其他血清指标的变化
根据测试例1的同样方法,受试者被分为给予天然茶的C组和给予与测试例1相当安慰剂的D组。与测验例1试验方法相同,C组和D组分别给予发明天然茶和安慰剂。
在给予本发明实施例11的天然茶和安慰剂的前后,按常规方法测试空腹血糖(FBS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酸酐、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的变化。测试结果如下表4所示:
表4
从上表4中可以看出,两受试组的FBS水平与给药前相比均下降,但给予天然茶组降低更显著。
两受试组HbAlc水平均下降,但没有显著差异。
从表中也可以看出,两受试组血尿素氮(BUN)水平均下降,肌酸肝水平均有轻微下降,但两组之间没有显著差异,AST和ALT水平也无明显变化。
从上述测试结果可以看出,本发明提供的天然茶可以降低血液胆固醇水平,进而预防由胆固醇含量升高引起的动脉硬化和中风。同时,连续饮用可以使发病初期疾病恢复。当被制成饮料后,可以方便平时饮用,有效预防和治疗高脂血症和中风。
为了达到说明的目的,本发明描述了优选的具体方案,但本领域技术人员预见作出的改进、增加或替代是可能的,但不背离权利要求书中揭示的本发明的范围和宗旨。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于高脂血症和中风的恢复和预防的天然植物提取物的组合物,该组合物由决明提取物和合欢提取物以重量比为1:0.3-5组成,其中使用50%的乙醇和水以1:1-3比例组成的混合溶剂制备所述天然植物提取物的组合物,制备天然植物提取物温度为80-100℃,时间为1-8小时,其中混合溶剂与粉碎的合欢的重量比为1:2-6,其中制备所述天然提取物的组合物包含如下步骤:每种植物提取1-3次,混合提取部分,使用前浓缩混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述天然植物提取物的组合物中另含有至少一种选自五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物,其中五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物的制备与所述合欢提取物相同。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述至少一种选自五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物的植物提取物与合欢提取物的重量比为1:0.1-2。
4.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述天然植物提取物的组合物包含20-50重量%决明提取物,10-70重量%合欢提取物,以及10-20重量%至少一种选自五味子提取物、桑树提取物和甘草提取物的天然植物提取物。
5.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述天然植物提取物的组合物包含20-50重量%决明提取物,10-65重量%合欢提取物,5-20重量%五味子提取物、5-20重量%桑树提取物和5-20重量%甘草提取物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述合欢提取物取自合欢的树皮、树叶、花、根以及种子。
7.一种含有权利要求1-6任一项所述的天然植物提取物的组合物作为活性成分的天然茶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的天然茶,其中还含有抗氧化维生素。
9.根据权利要求7所述的天然茶,其中含有基于天然茶总重量4-40%的天然植物提取物的组合物。
10.一种制备用于高脂血症和中风的恢复和预防的天然茶的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
制备决明提取物;
制备合欢提取物;浓缩并混合所述提取物;
其中制备这些提取物所用溶剂为50%的乙醇与水以1:1-3比例组成的混合溶剂,温度为80-100℃,时间为1-8小时,其中决明提取物和合欢提取物的重量比为1:0.3-5,其中混合溶剂与粉碎的合欢的重量比为1:2-6。
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