CN101194567A - Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed - Google Patents
Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the agricultural field, which is a method for improving output and quality of lucern seeds, and comprises selecting and preprocessing land blocks, selecting grass seeds and breaking dormancy of lucern seeds, producing nodule bacteria into bacteria liquid, spraying the bacteria liquid to seeds in the dark, low-temperature and humid environment, and fully and evenly churning the nodule bacteria with the seeds, and planting and sowing, the occupied area of each seedling is 0.24-0.35m 2, adopting mild irrigating and fertilizing weedicide to weed, penetratingly irrigating for a time in the early stage of budding and flowering, and further watering in flowering and pod-bearing period, auxiliary pollinating by human labor and preventing and curing pests, when 2/3-3/4 of green pods of lucerns become brown and seeds become yellow, the seeds of lucerns are mature, and people can reap, and thinning out of branches and planting after seeds are reaped. The invention overcomes the shortcomings in the prior art and controls line space and planting distance to continuously achieve the highest seed output in many years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural or livestock breeding field, specifically is a kind of raising alfalfa seed output and method for quality.
Background technology
Clover (Medicago L.), the beans order, Papilionaceae, Medicago is distributed widely in Europe, Asia, America and Africa, and the whole world has kind more than 60, and China has 16 kinds, and it is quite wide to distribute, and wild and cultivation all has.Clover is to cultivate the earliest, plant the widest forage grass in the world, imports after China the history in existing more than 2000 year of cultivation into through " Silk Road ", its planting range west is to Xinjiang, north is to Heilungkiang, and area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River, Jiangsu is arrived in south, even in the roof of the world Qinghai-Tibet Platean plantation is arranged also.Clover is celebrated with " king of herbage ", and not only output height, and herbaceous stem is good, and various livestock and poultry are all liked food.Along with the development of commodity economy, the alfalfa industry scale development is very fast in recent years, and the cultivated area of clover enlarges.
Clover is called as the 4th grande culture thing (being only second to corn, soybean and wheat) in the U.S..The dairy industry industrial zone in Middle West, northeast and the west and south is the concentrated growing area of clover.Alfalfa hay is a kind of main economic crops.The clover kind industry of the U.S. progressively grows up along with the increase of the U.S. and global clover cultivated area just.Eighties of last century fifties, alfalfa seed mainly is to produce from that time hay Tanaka, and the level of production is low, the not enough 60kg of output per hectare.Afterwards, the special alfalfa seed production field of broadcasting sowing has been arranged, and added the popularization of insecticide, pollination and irrigation technique, the output of the sixties is 200-500kg/hm
2(kg/hm
2=kilogram/square hectare).Since the seventies in 20th century, wide capable plantation, novel pesticide, herbicide applications and pollination and irrigation management development of technology make average seed production reach 600-800kg/hm
2, be up to 2240kg/hm
2
The specialized grass seed production of China has obtained development to a certain degree since 1980s starting, the ground such as the northwest Inner Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Liaoning that mainly distribute, production base.Wherein, the longest, largest with the seed production history of " king of herbage " celebrated alfalfa, but compare with the U.S., Canada, also there is very big gap: the mode of production and clean manufacturing process and fall behind, small scale, benefit is low; Breed breeding, seminal propagation, popularization and sale disconnect; The production management system is unsound; Alfalfa seed Study on Production Technology and popularization lack.These problems cause domestic alfalfa seed to yield poorly, and are of poor quality, and varietal purity can't ensure that seed production and quality all can't satisfy the needs in current domestic alfalfa seed market.
Clover has long cultivation history in China, and the clover area under cultivation also only is 133.1 ten thousand hectares to the end of the eighties in last century, and clover fails to be embodied fully as the effect of the good feed of developing animal husbandry.In recent years, in national agricultural restructuring policy, under the drive of the livestock breeding headed by Grain for Green Project and the milk industry, the enthusiasm of various places plantation alfalfa is surging, therefore the alfalfa seed demand also grows steadily, less input but present China is in grass seed production theory and key technology research, the seed level of production is generally lower, grass seed industrial technology weak foundation is produced at home and can't be met the need of market, the alfalfa seed import volume is therefore soaring rapidly, according to statistics, in the period of the 2000-2002 three, China has added up about 15000 tons of import alfalfa seed.Because domestic grass seeds market prospects are good, domestic many enterprises have also begun to set foot in the grass seeds industry, and grass seed production such as alfalfa probably become new growth engines in China's agriculture field coming years.
Under the good growing weather condition, whether seeding technique and field management measure be proper is the key that can the alfalfa seed field finally obtain high yield.Reasonably density is the basis of alfalfa seed high yield.Open, upright strain clump helps the big honeybee class of build (as carpenter bee, bumblebee) and touches the clover flower.Help optical transmission, and then improve early growth period soil temperature and temperature.Reduce shape, reduce the humidity in the strain clump and and then alleviate the incidence of leaf stain disease.Reduce fallen flowers, shedding.Improve the effect of pest control, weeds, be convenient to irrigate and anti-weeds.
Clover line-spacing, spacing in the rows and seeding quantity etc. years of researches have been carried out to the influence of its seed production both at home and abroad.The plant spacing of alfalfa and seeding quantity are the relation of linear direct ratio, and obtaining the most direct mode of rational plant spacing is to adopt suitable seeding quantity; But in management and the not high area of working condition, in order to guarantee emergence rate, the actual sowing rate in seed-breeding field is often greater than the suitableeest seeding quantity, and therefore, after the planting success, thin just becomes and built up the inevitable choice that the seed-breeding field reaches rational plant spacing.Dredge a production-increasing function and confirmed by many research institutes, and the production-increasing function of thin branch can continue several growth seasons the big alfalfa seed field of density.Dredge branch in the row and can reduce plant height, the generation of control plant lodging situation, upright, open strain plex structure helps attracting insect pollination, improves the bear pods No. of inflorescences/branch and the number/inflorescence that bears pods.
Also inconsistent to alfalfa seed line-spacing, spacing in the rows and thin branch isodensity regulation measure in the prior art to the result of study of seed production influence, even fall far short; The problem that concerns of thoroughly not verifying alfalfa seed field line-spacing, spacing in the rows generally as yet and dredging branch and seed production.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is with line-spacing, spacing in the rows and dredge branch, come field planting alfalfa seed planting density by a bunch planting and the every strain area occupied of thin branch control, to obtain to continue for many years the highest seed production, and can improve its seed quality to a certain extent, make the alfalfa seed industry increase substantially the seed productivity effect, and extensive use in the alfalfa seed production practices at home and abroad.
Technical scheme of the present invention for achieving the above object is to adopt a kind of raising alfalfa seed output and method for quality, and described method comprises the steps:
S1: choose the clover kind, the clover kind is abolished dormancy handle;
S2: inoculation rhizobium, the consumption of described rhizobium are that the per kilogram seed is sprayed onto described rhizobium bacterium liquid on the seed in the environment of darkness, low temperature, humidity with 5～8g/kg rhizobium, stirs with alfalfa seed;
S3: bunch planting area field planting method is adopted in field planting sowing, described seeding method, and average every strain floor space is 0.24～0.35m
2
S4: seedling management, adopt and slightly irrigate and use the weed killer herbicide weeding;
S5: fertilising and irrigate, emerge or the back of turning green imposes urea in conjunction with irrigation to the pregnant flower bud phase clover, perhaps impose the phosphoric acid diamines, use boric acid before buddingging, pregnant flower bud saturating the filling once in early stage of blooming bloomed and pod bearing period also should pour water;
S6: the control of artificial supplementary pollination and damage by disease and insect, described pollination are to adopt the pollinating process of putting the auxiliary honeysuckle of honeybee mode, and the control of described damage by disease and insect is adopted seed selection, alfalfa seed quarantined, used the method for chemical agent desinsection;
S7: seed results, when having 2/3-3/4, the green pod of clover becomes brown, when seed becomes yellow, and the alfalfa seed maturation begins to gather in;
S8: the branch field planting is dredged in seed results back, cradles immediately after the results of seed-breeding field, and herds the processing stubble, when the clover planting density surpasses 8～15 strains/m
2The time, after the seed results, to dredge branch.
Wherein, will carry out the plot before carrying out S1 to S8 selects, and the plot of choosing carried out preliminary treatment, described plot is selected further to comprise, be chosen in physical features smooth, open spacious, ventilation, illumination abundance, soil layer is deep, draining is good, the location of medium fertility, requirement pH is 6.9～7.2 soil or light loam, describedly preliminary treatment is carried out in the plot comprised selected plot is ploughed deeply or dark loose 20-30cm, eliminate the weeds seedling in the 5cm soil layer, the weeds rhizome of raking off, rake soil crushing, puddle clay fertilizer, and then the real soil of a kind of farm tools, a kind of farm tools soil crushing is suppressed at last.
Wherein, the described clover kind of choosing of S1 comprises that further choose cleanliness and be not less than 95%, germination rate is not less than 90% clover kind, described abolishing keeps 7 day time under 5～10 ℃ condition before the dormancy processing further comprises sowing, and seed is mixed wet process with 0.02～0.1% potassium nitrate solution.
Wherein, the described field planting sowing of S3 comprises that further sowing depth is 1.8～2.3cm.
Wherein, the described weed killer herbicide of S4 is 48% Bentazon aqua, and the consumption of described weed killer herbicide is 1.5～3L/hm
2
Wherein, S5 further comprises, described boric acid is diluted to 0.02～0.05%, divides 3 times, is sprayed onto on the alfalfa seed once a day.
Wherein, the described thin branch of S8 comprises that further every row is by dredging the plant that removes 20～65cm every 10～85cm, and the density behind the thin branch of control is in average every square metre 2.86～4.17 strain.
Advantage of the present invention and technique effect are, overcome deficiency of the prior art, line-spacing, spacing in the rows are under control, control field planting alfalfa seed density with every strain area occupied, to obtain to continue for many years the highest seed production, and can improve seed quality to a certain extent, so that the alfalfa seed industry of rising for China increases substantially the seed productivity effect, and extensive use in the alfalfa seed production practices at home and abroad.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention improves alfalfa seed output and method for quality flow chart.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention improves alfalfa seed output and the method for quality specific embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step, whole ground
Be chosen in physical features smooth, open spacious, ventilation, illumination abundance, soil layer is deep, draining is good, the location of medium fertility, requiring pH is 6.9～7.2 loam or light loam.Will plough deeply or dark loose 20-30cm selected field piece, summer, the barren land intertillage can be eliminated the weeds seedling in the 5cm soil layer, again with disk harrow or fourth tooth harrow, the weeds rhizome of raking off, the rake soil crushing is puddled clay fertilizer, it is smooth to reach ground surface, and then the real soil of a kind of farm tools, a kind of farm tools soil crushing, make the soil block particle diameter below 5mm, even thickness, it is loose to reach quality, suppress at last, reach soil layer and compress, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower, reach the soil moisture conservation effect.Execute 1.5～2.25 tons/hectare of 15～30 tons/hectare of farmyard manures or superphosphate during whole ground.
Second goes on foot, abolishes seed dormancy
Seed should reach the first order seed standard of GB6141-1985 regulation, and promptly cleanliness is not less than 95%, and germination rate is not less than 90%, the no more than 1000/kg of other plant seed number, and moisture is not higher than 12%.Should take machinery to wipe to break in the seed coat or the way of warm-cold seed treatment is carried out strong processing for the high alfalfa seed of hard seed rate, improve percentage of seedgermination.To under 5～10 ℃ condition, keep 7 day time, to abolish seed dormancy.
The 3rd step, inoculation rhizobium
Use the Rhizobiummeliloti fungus strain, the consumption of rhizobium is 5～8g/kg seed, and it is 1%-5% bacterium liquid that nitragin preparation is made concentration by the explanation regulation, is sprayed onto on the seed in the environment of darkness, low temperature, humidity, stirs.
The 4th step, field planting sowing
Seeding method adopts bunch planting area field planting method, and average every strain area occupied is 0.24～0.35m
2, promptly average every square metre 2.86～4.17 strain is according to spacing in the rows * line-spacing=0.24～0.35m
2Carry out field planting, spacing in the rows and line-spacing span are within 0.3～1.2m.Sowing depth is 1.8～2.3cm.If any weeds, use gyphosate solution 6～18L/hm of 10%
2Adding water is made into soup and is sprayed on the weeds cauline leaf; And then use the happy missible oil 1.2～2.4L/hm of 48% Buddhist
2Or the logical missible oil 1.8～3.6L/hm of weeding
2, add water and be made into soup and be sprayed on and mix the soil suppression behind the face of land immediately to eliminate weeds.
There is the higher area of irrigation conditions summer temperature sowing time, can adopt spring sowing, and sowing when the topsoil temperature of 0～5cm rises and is stabilized to more than 15 ℃ is to be advisable for 4～May; The area that temperature is lower and unstable, the big arid of wind is carried out dry farming cultivation can be higher and stable at temperature, planted in fall in summer that rainfall is more.Especially the rainy sowing of can losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil after summer of dry farming condition is to be advisable for 5～July.
The seed consumption, theoretical seed consumption is 0.5～5kg/hm
2, can convert with cleanliness and germination rate during actual the use.
The 5th step, seedling management
Soil layer is if any situation about seriously hardening before emerging, and available breach rake or the round packer of hypodontia are slightly suppressed, or slight the irrigation abolished.Seedling stage, management of weeds was mainly adopted intertillage or chemical herbicide, was no more than 1000/kg with other plant seed number in the alfalfa seed that guarantees to produce, and reached quality standards.Alfalfa seed field more than the 1 year weed eradication that rake the soil level when turning green early spring, intertill and clean tillage should annual 1-2 time.Chemical herbicide is used in large-area alfalfa seed field seedling stage: 48% Bentazon aqua, 1.5～3L/hm
2Go out and remove broad-leaved and sedge weed; Sethoxydin missible oil 1.3～2L/hm
2, 5% fluazifop-p-butyl, 750～900mL/hm
2, 5% generally executes special 1500mL/hm
2, convert water 300～450kg, evenly spray.
The 6th step, fertilising
Clover emerges or the back of turning green imposes urea 45～75kg/hm in conjunction with irrigation to the pregnant flower bud phase
2, perhaps impose phosphoric acid diamines 150～225kg/hm
2Use boric acid 9～20kg/hm before buddingging
2, diluted concentration 0.02～0.05% is divided 3 times, and spray once every day, preferably is selected in sunny calm weather, and morning (before 10 o'clock) or dusk (after 16 o'clock) spray.
The 7th step, irrigation
The alfalfa seed field should alternation of wetting and drying, and the soil moisture content in vegetative period should maintain 65% of field capacity, and Hua Houying reduces to 35～45%.Before the sowing of newly-built seed-breeding field and the back of turning green spring next year is saturating irritates once, annual pregnant flower bud saturating the filling once in early stage of blooming bloomed and pod bearing period also should rationally pour water, the suitably moisturizing of the soil of poor water retention property, and the seed maturity later stage should stop irrigation.Should irrigate once before freezing.Because of reason such as rain cause seed-breeding field ponding excessive want timely draining, water-soaking time must not be above 28 hours.
The 8th step, artificial supplementary pollination
Can introduce the clover megachilid at initial bloom stage, quantity is 4～12 casees/hm
2, utilize the clover megachilid to pollinate.Under the situation that does not have the clover megachilid, can solicit bee-keeper as much as possible, the initial bloom stage grassplot that begins to arrive is put honeybee.The time that puts honeybee is long more, and the effect of blossoming and bearing fruit is good more.
The 9th step, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The damage by disease and insect of harm alfalfa growing is more, and the treatment difficulty is very big, should carry out the principle of " put prevention first, integrated control ": at first will select the strong kind of comprehensive disease resistance; Secondly, strengthen the alfalfa seed quarantine, the healthy planting seed that the no damage by disease and insect that strict attention uses no damage by disease and insect area to produce infects; The 3rd, use chemical agent, note the medicine such as alum suction phosphorus or the tribromo phosphorus that use the insect that can effectively prevent and treat in the alfalfa seed production not injure useful insect again.
The tenth step, seed results
Become brown when the green pod of clover has 2/3-3/4, when seed becomes yellow, the alfalfa seed maturation can be gathered in.Available mower or artificial results, the sunny weather of the no strong wind of selection is in dew not dried morning or harvesting in night.With clover cut tie bundled, transport back and be the stacking of " people " font, overturning airing on the cement threshing ground, but natural air drying reaches 12～18% o'clock cal rollings to leaf water content takes off pod, the broken ends such as removing stem, branch, flower, leaf of winnowing, pod and seed placed roll threshing on the cement threshing ground repeatedly, sieving, revolving winnows with a dustpan removes various impurity.
When gathering in the crops, at first chemical drier is used in the alfalfa seed field and sprayed the back 5～9 days, reach 15～20% and cane when still green selects the sunny weather of no mist, no dew to gather in to pod and leaf water content with combine.Desiccant diquat consumption is 1～2kg/hm
2, perhaps the diuron consumption is 3～4L/hm
2, perhaps the lorox consumption is 3.2kg/hm
2Dispersing dry drying prescription to the fate of results is foundation according to the local climate difference with pod and the moisture index of blade.
After the seed results were played the cool solarization of stone roller, seed moisture content dropped at 8～13% o'clock, measures seed production; Under the control criterion condition of laboratory, seed detects seed quality through after abolishing the dormancy processing, carries out germination test according to GB/T 2930.4-2001 grass seed inspection procedure.
Computing formula is as follows:
In the examination: GI---germination rate, %;
N---for planting experimentally subnumber;
N
1---final all normal seeds germinated number germinates.
The branch field planting is dredged in the 11 step, results back, seed-breeding field
Processing stubbles such as cradling immediately, herd after the results of seed-breeding field.The 2nd year or beginning in the 3rd year, when alfalfa seed field density surpasses 8～15 strains/m
2The time, after the seed results, to dredge branch, the different spacing in the rows and the line-spacing that design during with reference to bunch planting are according to area 0.24～0.35m
2/ strain (clump) is calculated field planting according to line-spacing, and every row is by dredging the plant that removes 20～65cm every 10～85cm, and the density behind the thin branch of control is in average every square metre 2.86～4.17 strain.
Carry out the area field planting bunch planting of alfalfa seed field according to above-mentioned technology, branch is dredged in each year area field planting later on, can make each annual of alfalfa seed output improve 30～90%; Percentage of seedgermination reaches 86～98%.
Embodiment 1: high yield field planting technology in alfalfa seed field is implemented
In Suzhou District Shang Ba township, Jiuquan (98 ° 30 ' of east longitude, 39 ° 37 ' of north latitude, the about 1480m of height above sea level), carried out (2002～2006) alfalfa seed field field planting high yield test in continuous 5 years.7.3 ℃ of the average temperatures of the whole year on this ground, the mean temperature of air in the coldest month (January) and the hottest month is-15.6 ℃ and 28.7 ℃, the extremely minimum and maximum air temperature is-31.6 ℃ and 38.4 ℃.Annual rainfall 85.3mm, rainfall mainly concentrate on the 6-8 month, evaporation discharge 2148mm.Year sunshine duration 3033h, average 130 days frost-free seasons (1958-1980), 80% fraction frost-free season was 119 days, 2954 ℃ of 〉=10 ℃ of accumulated temperature.Year solar radiation total amount is 145.6 kilocalories/cm
2The test region is chosen in that physical features is smooth, the light loam in the location (pH is 6.9～7.1) of opening spacious, medium fertility, ploughs deeply 25cm, the weeds rhizome of raking off, and a kind of farm tools soil crushing, it is loose to reach quality, and 18 tons/hectare of farmyard manures are executed in suppression at last.GB one-level alfalfa seed (kind Algonquin), take warm-cold seed treatment after, under 5～10 ℃ condition, keep 7 day time.The rhizobium of inoculation Rhizobiummeliloti fungus strain, consumption is 5～8g/kg seed, making concentration is 1%-5% bacterium liquid, in the environment seed dressing of low temperature, low humidity.Adopt bunch planting area field planting method to carry out the field planting sowing, choose spacing in the rows * line-spacing=0.297m
2Carry out field planting, spacing in the rows and line-spacing be value 0.35m and 0.85m respectively.Average every strain clump area occupied is 0.297m
2, i.e. every square metre 3.36 strain clump; The bunch planting field planting, 6～9 of every cave dibblings; Laggard pedestrian's seedling break of emerging, 2～3 strains (being called 1 strain clump) are stayed in every cave; Sowing depth is 1.8～2.3cm.Gyphosate solution 6～18L/hm with 10%
2Adding water is made into soup and is sprayed on the weeds cauline leaf and eliminates weeds.Planted in fall in 2002, seed consumption are 0.5～2.5kg/hm
2Adopt chemical herbicide Sethoxydin missible oil 1.3～2L/hm seedling stage
2Convert water 500kg, evenly spray.Clover emerges and the 2nd year (2003), the 3rd year and after (2004～2006) every year, the back of turning green all imposes urea 65kg/hm in conjunction with irrigation to the pregnant flower bud phase
2, use boric acid 10kg/hm before buddingging
2, diluted concentration 0.02～0.05% is divided 3 times, and spray once every day, sprays in sunny calm morning (before 10 o'clock) and dusk (after 16 o'clock).The alfalfa seed field keeps alternation of wetting and drying, irrigates altogether 4 times; The soil moisture content in vegetative period maintains about 65% of field capacity, reduces to 35～45% after spending.Up to seed maturity.Introduce artificial bee-keeping at initial bloom stage to full-bloom stage, quantity is 6～10 casees/hm
2Use chemical agent alum suction phosphorus and carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest.Become brown when pod has 2/3-3/4, when seed becomes yellow, gather in the crops with combine.Simultaneously, adopt local conventional alfalfa seed production technology in contrast.Seed moisture content in results drops at 8～13% o'clock, measures seed production, each year seed production result such as following table 1; After the dormancy processing is abolished to the seed process in the laboratory, carry out germination test (table 1) according to GB/T 2930.4-2001.Cradle stubble immediately after the seed results.Since the 3rd year (2004～2006), dredge branch every year, according to area 0.24～0.30m
2/ strain (clump) is calculated field planting according to line-spacing, and every row is by dredging the plant that removes 20～65cm every 10～85cm, and the density behind the thin branch of control is about average every square metre 3.33～4.21 strain clump.
Table 1. under the technology of the present invention is implemented each year alfalfa seed output and quality and bunch planting dredge a branch plantation density
| Time | 2002 (sowings) | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| Seed production (kg/hm 2) contrast seed production (kg/hm 2) the thin branch of raising output (%) standard germination percentage (%) reference standard germination rate (%) plantation density (strain clump/m 2) | 0 0 0 0 3.36 | 835 613 36.2 98 98 3.33 | 1860 1025 81.5 97 90 4.15 | 2104 1434 46.7 97 95 3.89 | 1465 812 80.4 98 86 4.21 |
Embodiment 2: high yield field planting technology in alfalfa seed field is implemented
2003～2007 years,, carry out alfalfa seed field bunch planting high yield field planting (detailed step is with embodiment 1) in Linxi County, Chifeng City, the Inner Mongol, according to area 0.24～0.26m according to above-mentioned alfalfa seed field high yield field planting (field planting of bunch planting area) technology
2/ strain (clump) is controlled and is dredged branch, and gained each year seed production, quality and the field planting of thin branch are compared result such as following table 2 with the conventional production technology of local alfalfa seed (contrast).
Table 2. under the technology of the present invention is implemented each year alfalfa seed output and quality and dredge a branch plantation density
| Time | 2003 (sowings) | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| Seed production (kg/hm 2) contrast seed production (kg/hm 2) the thin branch of raising output (%) standard germination percentage (%) reference standard germination rate (%) plantation density (strain clump/m 2) | 0 0 0 0 3.91 | 860 589 46.0 96 90 4.15 | 704 541 30.1 98 92 3.79 | 965 678 42.3 95 89 4.09 | 672 484 38.8 96 95 3.87 |
Embodiment 3: high yield field planting technology in alfalfa seed field is implemented
2004～2007 years,, carried out alfalfa seed field high yield bunch planting field planting (detailed step is with embodiment 1) at Shaanxi Yang Ling, according to area 0.25～0.28m according to above-mentioned alfalfa seed field high yield field planting (field planting of bunch planting area) technology
2/ strain (clump) is controlled and is dredged branch, and gained each year seed production, quality and the field planting of thin branch are compared result such as following table 3 with the conventional production technology of local alfalfa seed (contrast).
Table 3. under the technology of the present invention is implemented each year alfalfa seed output and quality and dredge a branch plantation density
| Time | 2004 (sowings) | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| Seed production (kg/hm 2) contrast seed production (kg/hm 2) improve output (%) standard germination percentage (%) reference standard germination rate (%) and dredge a branch plantation density (strain is from/m 2) | 0 0 0 0 3.56 | 619 457 35.4 95 92 3.95 | 732 543 34.8 92 93 3.74 | 741 426 73.9 98 90 4.04 |
More than be preferred forms of the present invention, according to content disclosed by the invention, some identical, replacement schemes that those of ordinary skill in the art can expect apparently all should fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is improved alfalfa seed output and method for quality, it is characterized in that described method comprises the steps:
S1: choose the clover kind, the clover kind is abolished dormancy handle;
S2: inoculation rhizobium, the consumption of described rhizobium are that the per kilogram seed is sprayed onto described rhizobium bacterium liquid on the seed in the environment of darkness, low temperature, humidity with 5～8g/kg rhizobium, stirs with alfalfa seed;
S3: bunch planting area field planting method is adopted in field planting sowing, described seeding method, and average every strain floor space is 0.24～0.35m
2
S4: seedling management, adopt and slightly irrigate and use the weed killer herbicide weeding;
S5: fertilising and irrigate, emerge or the back of turning green imposes urea in conjunction with irrigation to the pregnant flower bud phase clover, perhaps impose the phosphoric acid diamines, use boric acid before buddingging, pregnant flower bud saturating the filling once in early stage of blooming bloomed and pod bearing period also should pour water;
S6: the control of artificial supplementary pollination and damage by disease and insect, described pollination are to adopt the pollinating process of putting the auxiliary honeysuckle of honeybee mode, and the control of described damage by disease and insect is adopted seed selection, alfalfa seed quarantined, used the method for chemical agent desinsection;
S7: seed results, when having 2/3-3/4, the green pod of clover becomes brown, when seed becomes yellow, and the alfalfa seed maturation begins to gather in;
S8: the branch field planting is dredged in seed results back, cradles immediately after the results of seed-breeding field, and herds the processing stubble, when the clover planting density surpasses 8～15 strains/m
2The time, after the seed results, to dredge branch.
2. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 1 and method for quality, it is characterized in that, will carry out the plot before carrying out S1 to S8 selects, and the plot of choosing carried out preliminary treatment, described plot is selected further to comprise, it is smooth to be chosen in physical features, open spacious, ventilate, the illumination abundance, soil layer is deep, draining is good, the location of medium fertility, requiring pH is 6.9～7.2 soil or light loam, describedly preliminary treatment is carried out in the plot is comprised selected plot is ploughed deeply or dark loose 20-30cm, eliminates the weeds seedling in the 5cm soil layer, the weeds rhizome of raking off, the rake soil crushing is puddled clay fertilizer, and then the real soil of a kind of farm tools, a kind of farm tools soil crushing is suppressed at last.
3. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 2 and method for quality, it is characterized in that, the described clover kind of choosing of S1 further comprises, choose cleanliness and be not less than 95%, germination rate is not less than 90% clover kind, described abolishing keeps 7 day time under 5～10 ℃ condition before the dormancy processing further comprises sowing, and seed is mixed wet process with 0.02～0.1% potassium nitrate solution.
4. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 2 and method for quality is characterized in that, the described field planting sowing of S3 comprises that further sowing depth is 1.8～2.3cm.
5. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 2 and method for quality is characterized in that, the described weed killer herbicide of S4 is 48% Bentazon aqua, and the consumption of described weed killer herbicide is 1.5～3L/hm
2
6. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 2 and method for quality is characterized in that, S5 further comprises, described boric acid is diluted to 0.02～0.05%, divide 3 times, are sprayed onto on the alfalfa seed once a day.
7. raising alfalfa seed output as claimed in claim 2 and method for quality, it is characterized in that, the described thin branch of S8 comprises that further every row is by dredging the plant that removes 20～65cm every 10～85cm, and the density behind the thin branch of control is in average every square metre 2.86～4.17 strain.
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