CN112088726A - Method for improving yield and quality of alfalfa seeds - Google Patents
Method for improving yield and quality of alfalfa seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN112088726A CN112088726A CN202011117826.8A CN202011117826A CN112088726A CN 112088726 A CN112088726 A CN 112088726A CN 202011117826 A CN202011117826 A CN 202011117826A CN 112088726 A CN112088726 A CN 112088726A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds, which relates to the technical field of alfalfa planting and comprises the following steps: step one, land selection and construction; step two, land management division; step three, seedling planting; step four, growth assistance; step five, supplementary pollination; step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and insect pests; step seven, harvesting and picking seeds; step eight, screening seeds; according to the method, a good planting environment can be provided for the alfalfa with big leaves through land selection construction and land management division technologies, the phenomenon of water accumulation can be avoided, the land is good in air permeability and convenient for growing of the alfalfa with big leaves, the alfalfa with big leaves can be well grown and assisted in each stage of plant growth through a plurality of technical means such as seedling cultivation, growth assistance, auxiliary pollination and comprehensive pest control, seeds can be preferably selected through separation utilization of the seeds and straws due to the fact that harvesting and seed screening technologies are not close to each other, and the seeds with good quality are selected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alfalfa big leaf planting, in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa big leaf seeds.
Background
Alfalfa plays an important role in current agricultural production, is the only recorded pasture in prehistoric period, is the first home product of Persia persica, and is the pasture variety which is widely distributed all over the world and has the largest cultivation area at present. Firstly, the cultivation history of more than two thousand years is existed in China. The silk road in Western Han dynasty starts with Zhantong Western region. The first advantages of high economic value, nutritive value and yield are always popular with the majority of farmers and herders in China and are called as the king of pasture.
Alfalfa is of a large variety, wherein Xinjiang big leaves are the first choice, which are suitable for Xinjiang arid climate and belong to high-quality varieties in yield and quality. Xinjiang big leaves are the excellent local first variety, are formed by consciously selecting, cultivating and adapting to local climate for a long time by Xinjiang Hotan farmer and are confirmed and registered by the national pasture variety approval committee.
With the rapid development of animal husbandry, broad farmers and herders gradually recognize the important role of high-quality livestock seeds on livestock products and gradually mature the selection of livestock, but the selective planting of pasture is shallow in the thought of many people, and the seedlings can emerge only after planting, and the scientific selective planting management method of pasture cannot be formed due to the fact that the yield, the nutritional value and the planting management of various pasture are not well known, so that the planting method capable of effectively improving the yield and the seed quality of the alfalfa with big leaves is necessary to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds, which solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, and the temperature change of the area is natural;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing the soil deeply, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid later planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, enabling the drainage ditches to be arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating later fertilizing and irrigating to be performed in equal quantity, and excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form two forms of low-concentration nutrient solution and high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, and then carrying out fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the situation of seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated at one time, and carrying out water replenishing irrigation at the frequency of once in half a month in the growth process;
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the alfalfa plants, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plums can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, and the high success rate of pollination is ensured;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, during the land selection in the step one, the soil pH value is preferably 6.5-7.5, the regional wind power is lower than 4 grades, and the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after cultivation and growth is avoided.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the second step, a water leakage groove is dug below each planting pit, the water leakage groove is communicated with the drainage ditch, the plastic water pipe is cut into a plurality of 10cm sections, then the section plastic water pipe is arranged in the water leakage groove, the top surface of the plastic water pipe is fixedly sleeved with a filter cloth, the air permeability and drainage capacity are realized, soil is paved on the surface of the filter cloth, and seedlings are planted.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the nutrient solution in the fourth step is formed by mixing ammonium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and water, the high-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1:10, and the low-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1: 20.
In the fifth step, the flower buds are bagged outside after pollination, so that the flower buds are protected.
In the seventh step, the height of the harvested part is preferably 10-15cm above the ground, and when the straws are aired after being harvested, the straws are turned over once every 2 hours, so that the straws can be aired uniformly.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the wind separation in the eight steps can be carried out for multiple times, the seeds are subjected to wind separation according to the rule that the wind power is gradually increased, unqualified seed particles are gradually screened, and objects screened each time can be collected.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the method, a good planting environment can be provided for the big-leaf alfalfa through the land selection construction and land management division technology, the water accumulation phenomenon can be avoided, the land air permeability is good, the growth of the big-leaf alfalfa is facilitated, the growth of the big-leaf alfalfa can be well assisted in each stage of plant growth through a plurality of technical means such as seedling cultivation, growth assistance, auxiliary pollination and comprehensive pest control, so that the plant can grow vigorously and resist the invasion and attack of pests, the seeds and straws can be separated and utilized through harvesting and seed screening technologies, the seeds with good quality can be selected, the planting effect on the big-leaf alfalfa is good, the yield of the big-leaf alfalfa is high, and the obtained seeds are high in quality.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are presented only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, and the temperature change of the area is natural;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing the soil deeply, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid later planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, enabling the drainage ditches to be arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating later fertilizing and irrigating to be performed in equal quantity, and excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form two forms of low-concentration nutrient solution and high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then carrying out fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the situation of seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated at one time, and carrying out water replenishing irrigation at the frequency of once in half a month in the growth process,
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the alfalfa plants, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plums can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, and the high success rate of pollination is ensured;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
Example 2
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, the temperature change of the area is natural, the soil is preferably selected to have the soil pH value of 6.5-7.5 when the land is selected, and the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, so that the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after being cultivated and grown is avoided;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing the soil deeply, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid later planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, enabling the drainage ditches to be arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating later fertilizing and irrigating to be performed in equal quantity, and excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form two forms of low-concentration nutrient solution and high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then carrying out fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the situation of seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated at one time, and carrying out water replenishing irrigation at the frequency of once in half a month in the growth process,
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the alfalfa plants, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plums can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, and the high success rate of pollination is ensured;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
Example 3
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, the temperature change of the area is natural, the soil is preferably selected to have the soil pH value of 6.5-7.5 when the land is selected, and the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, so that the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after being cultivated and grown is avoided;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing deeply on the land, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid implementation of later-stage planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, wherein the drainage ditches are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating equal implementation of later-stage fertilization and irrigation, excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals, excavating water leakage grooves below each planting pit, communicating the water leakage grooves with the drainage ditches, cutting plastic water pipes into a plurality of 10cm sections, arranging the section-shaped plastic water pipes in the water leakage grooves, fixedly sleeving filter cloth on the top surfaces of the plastic water pipes, achieving air-permeable and water-draining capacity, laying soil on the surfaces of the filter cloth, and planting seedlings;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form two forms of low-concentration nutrient solution and high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then carrying out fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the situation of seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated at one time, and carrying out water replenishing irrigation at the frequency of once in half a month in the growth process,
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the alfalfa plants, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plums can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, and the high success rate of pollination is ensured;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
Example 4
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, the temperature change of the area is natural, the soil is preferably selected to have the soil pH value of 6.5-7.5 when the land is selected, and the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, so that the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after being cultivated and grown is avoided;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing deeply on the land, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid implementation of later-stage planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, wherein the drainage ditches are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating equal implementation of later-stage fertilization and irrigation, excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals, excavating water leakage grooves below each planting pit, communicating the water leakage grooves with the drainage ditches, cutting plastic water pipes into a plurality of 10cm sections, arranging the section-shaped plastic water pipes in the water leakage grooves, fixedly sleeving filter cloth on the top surfaces of the plastic water pipes, achieving air-permeable and water-draining capacity, laying soil on the surfaces of the filter cloth, and planting seedlings;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form a low-concentration nutrient solution and a high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then performing fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated once in half a month, and in the growth process, performing water supplementing irrigation once in half a month, wherein the nutrient solution is formed by mixing ammonium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and water, the high-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1:10, and the low-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1: 20;
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the big-leaf alfalfa plant, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plum can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, the high success rate of pollination is ensured, and the flower buds are protected by bagging treatment outside the flower buds after pollination;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
Example 5
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, the temperature change of the area is natural, the soil is preferably selected to have the soil pH value of 6.5-7.5 when the land is selected, and the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, so that the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after being cultivated and grown is avoided;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing deeply on the land, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid implementation of later-stage planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, wherein the drainage ditches are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating equal implementation of later-stage fertilization and irrigation, excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals, excavating water leakage grooves below each planting pit, communicating the water leakage grooves with the drainage ditches, cutting plastic water pipes into a plurality of 10cm sections, arranging the section-shaped plastic water pipes in the water leakage grooves, fixedly sleeving filter cloth on the top surfaces of the plastic water pipes, achieving air-permeable and water-draining capacity, laying soil on the surfaces of the filter cloth, and planting seedlings;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form a low-concentration nutrient solution and a high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then performing fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated once in half a month, and in the growth process, performing water supplementing irrigation once in half a month, wherein the nutrient solution is formed by mixing ammonium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and water, the high-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1:10, and the low-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1: 20;
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the big-leaf alfalfa plant, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plum can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, the high success rate of pollination is ensured, and the flower buds are protected by bagging treatment outside the flower buds after pollination;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly, transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, then piling the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil, preferably using the height from the ground of 10-15cm for the harvested part, and turning the straws at the frequency of one time of 2 hours when airing the straws after harvesting so as to ensure that the straws can be evenly aired;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
Example 6
A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, the temperature change of the area is natural, the soil is preferably selected to have the soil pH value of 6.5-7.5 when the land is selected, and the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, so that the phenomenon that the big-leaf alfalfa plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after being cultivated and grown is avoided;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing deeply on the land, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid implementation of later-stage planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, wherein the drainage ditches are arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating equal implementation of later-stage fertilization and irrigation, excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals, excavating water leakage grooves below each planting pit, communicating the water leakage grooves with the drainage ditches, cutting plastic water pipes into a plurality of 10cm sections, arranging the section-shaped plastic water pipes in the water leakage grooves, fixedly sleeving filter cloth on the top surfaces of the plastic water pipes, achieving air-permeable and water-draining capacity, laying soil on the surfaces of the filter cloth, and planting seedlings;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form a low-concentration nutrient solution and a high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, then performing fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated once in half a month, and in the growth process, performing water supplementing irrigation once in half a month, wherein the nutrient solution is formed by mixing ammonium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and water, the high-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1:10, and the low-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1: 20;
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the big-leaf alfalfa plant, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plum can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, the high success rate of pollination is ensured, and the flower buds are protected by bagging treatment outside the flower buds after pollination;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly, transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, then piling the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil, preferably using the height from the ground of 10-15cm for the harvested part, and turning the straws at the frequency of one time of 2 hours when airing the straws after harvesting so as to ensure that the straws can be evenly aired;
step eight, seed screening: the seed that will thresh obtains carries out the selection by winnowing, gets rid of the weed seed that wherein contains and the big leaf alfalfa seed that is shriveled, and the selection by winnowing can go on many times to the rule that wind-force increases gradually carries out the selection by winnowing to the seed, progressively selects unqualified seed granule, and can collect the object of selecting at every turn, then according to the seed granule size that obtains after the screening, utilizes the filter screen to filter, obtains the big leaf alfalfa seed of high quality that the granule is full and the size is even.
According to the method, a good planting environment can be provided for the big-leaf alfalfa through the land selection construction and land management division technology, the water accumulation phenomenon can be avoided, the land air permeability is good, the growth of the big-leaf alfalfa is facilitated, the growth of the big-leaf alfalfa can be well assisted in each stage of plant growth through a plurality of technical means such as seedling cultivation, growth assistance, auxiliary pollination and comprehensive pest control, so that the plant can grow vigorously and resist the invasion and attack of pests, the seeds and straws can be separated and utilized through harvesting and seed screening technologies, the seeds with good quality can be selected, the planting effect on the big-leaf alfalfa is good, the yield of the big-leaf alfalfa is high, and the obtained seeds are high in quality.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, land selection and construction: selecting a land which is fertile in soil and has the average daily illumination time of more than 8 hours as a planting area, wherein the area needs normal rainwater irrigation, and the temperature change of the area is natural;
step two, land management division: the method comprises the following steps of 1, performing rest and preparation on a planting area, ploughing the soil deeply, crushing soil and weeds by adopting a rotary cultivator, facilitating smooth and rapid later planting work, forming drainage ditches in the planting area, enabling the drainage ditches to be arranged in a transverse and longitudinal crossed manner, dividing the planting area into a plurality of planting fields, enabling the size of each planting field to be equal, facilitating later fertilizing and irrigating to be performed in equal quantity, and excavating planting pits in each planting field at equal intervals;
step three, seedling planting: taking out the seedlings in a seedling raising field or a seedling raising greenhouse, digging and taking out the seedlings together with soil at the root parts of the seedlings, then integrally planting the seedlings in the dug planting pits, and sealing the planting pits by using the soil;
step four, growth assistance: preparing nutrient solution, mixing the nutrient solution with water to form two forms of low-concentration nutrient solution and high-concentration nutrient solution, then integrally spraying the high-concentration nutrient solution to a planting area in a mode of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying, and then carrying out fixed-point irrigation on each planting hole by using the low-concentration nutrient solution to prevent the situation of seedling burning caused by the fact that a large amount of nutrient solution with overhigh concentration is irrigated at one time, and carrying out water replenishing irrigation at the frequency of once in half a month in the growth process;
step five, supplementary pollination: in the flowering period of the alfalfa plants, pollen is pollinated mainly in a bee pollination mode, and then the pollen plums can be sown in the air in a pollination mode of an unmanned aerial vehicle, so that further pollination is realized, and the high success rate of pollination is ensured;
step six, comprehensively preventing and treating diseases and pests: in the growth period of plants, spraying the medicines to the whole planting area in a manual or mechanical mode according to the types of plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the medicines are harmless agents, and the spraying of the medicines is carried out in a mode of being carried out once every 1-2 months at regular intervals;
seventhly, harvesting and picking seeds: after the big-leaf alfalfa plants grow mature, harvesting by adopting a manual harvesting or mechanical harvesting mode, firstly transferring the harvested straws to the sun for airing, threshing the straws after 2-3 days, bundling the rest straws, integrally cutting the bundled straws to ensure that the size and the length of each bundle of straws are equal, intensively collecting and crushing the fragments generated by cutting, and then stacking the fragments in a planting area for composting to provide nutrition for soil;
step eight, seed screening: winnowing the threshed seeds to remove weed seeds and shrunken alfalfa seeds contained in the threshed seeds; and then screening by using a filter screen according to the size of the seed particles obtained after screening to obtain the high-quality large-leaf alfalfa seeds with full and uniform particles.
2. The method for improving the yield and quality of the alfalfa big leaf seeds of claim 1, wherein in the first step, the land is selected, the soil pH value is preferably 6.5-7.5, the regional wind power is lower than 4 grade, and the phenomenon that the alfalfa big leaf plants are blown by strong wind to fall down after the alfalfa big leaf plants are cultivated and grown is avoided.
3. The method for improving the yield and quality of the alfalfa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, a water leaking groove is dug below each planting pit, the water leaking groove is communicated with a drainage ditch, the plastic water pipe is cut into a plurality of 10cm sections, the plastic water pipe with the sections is placed in the water leaking groove, the top surface of the plastic water pipe is fixedly sleeved with a filter cloth, the air permeability and drainage capacity is realized, soil is laid on the surface of the filter cloth, and seedlings are planted.
4. The method for improving the yield and quality of the seeds of the alfalfa, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the fourth step is formed by mixing ammonium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and water, the high-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1:10, and the low-concentration nutrient solution is prepared in a ratio of 1:1:1: 20.
5. The method for improving the yield and quality of alfalfa seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step five, the buds are protected by bagging outside the buds after pollination.
6. The method for improving the yield and quality of the seeds of the alfalfa with big leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the harvesting part is preferably 10-15cm from the ground, and when the straws are aired after harvesting, the straws are turned over at a frequency of once every 2 hours, so that the straws can be aired uniformly.
7. The method for improving the yield and quality of the alfalfa seeds as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wind selection in the step eight can be performed multiple times, the seeds are subjected to wind selection according to the rule that the wind power is gradually increased, unqualified seed particles are gradually selected, and the objects selected each time can be collected.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194567A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed |
| CN103503684A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 西藏大学农牧学院 | Method for planting transplanting type alfalfa |
| CN207714282U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-08-10 | 四川农业大学 | Trifolium repense plants the discharge structure in field |
| CN210263284U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-04-07 | 河北笙竹园林工程有限公司 | Gardens drainage structures |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194567A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed |
| CN103503684A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-15 | 西藏大学农牧学院 | Method for planting transplanting type alfalfa |
| CN207714282U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-08-10 | 四川农业大学 | Trifolium repense plants the discharge structure in field |
| CN210263284U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-04-07 | 河北笙竹园林工程有限公司 | Gardens drainage structures |
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