CN112088727A - Seed production method of alfalfa - Google Patents
Seed production method of alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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- CN112088727A CN112088727A CN202011117831.9A CN202011117831A CN112088727A CN 112088727 A CN112088727 A CN 112088727A CN 202011117831 A CN202011117831 A CN 202011117831A CN 112088727 A CN112088727 A CN 112088727A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production method of alfalfa with big leaves, which relates to the technical field of breeding of alfalfa with big leaves and comprises the following steps: step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can be irradiated for more than 8 hours in the day and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, deeply ploughing the land to eradicate weeds, and grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine; step two, seed pretreatment; step three, sowing; step four, fertilizing; step five, irrigation; step six, preventing and treating periodically; step seven, pollination; step eight, harvesting; step nine, receiving goods; according to the method, sufficient preparation can be carried out on the large-leaf alfalfa seed production through multiple pretreatment operations and land treatment operations before seed production, a good seed production basis is provided, good growth assistance can be provided for large-leaf alfalfa plants through fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pollination operations, and therefore good large-leaf alfalfa seed can be obtained, and the large-leaf alfalfa seed obtained through the method is good in seed state, full in particles and good in quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large-leaf alfalfa cultivation, in particular to a seed production method of large-leaf alfalfa.
Background
Alfalfa plays an important role in current agricultural production, is the only recorded pasture in prehistoric period, and is the original production of Persia persica, which is the pasture variety with the widest distribution and the largest cultivation area all over the world at present. Alfalfa has been cultivated in China for more than two thousand years. The travertine-tonging western region starts to introduce alfalfa in the silk road in western Han dynasty. The alfalfa has the advantages of high economic value, nutritional value and yield, is always popular among the vast farmers and herders in China and is called the king of pasture.
The alfalfa is of a plurality of varieties, wherein the alfalfa is suitable for Xinjiang arid climate and belongs to Xinjiang big leaf alfalfa with high yield and quality. The Xinjiang big-leaf alfalfa is an excellent local first alfalfa variety, is formed by consciously selecting, cultivating and adapting to local climate for a long time by Xinjiang and field farmers and herdsmen, and is confirmed and registered by the national pasture variety approval committee. The Xinjiang alfalfa big leaf cultivation has a long history, has the characteristics of good quality, high yield, rich nutrition, strong stress resistance, obvious land cultivation effect and the like, and has the advantages of variety resources mainly expressed in the following aspects:
1. the alfalfa leaf forage has high nutritional value, the leaves of the alfalfa in Xinjiang are extra large, the grass is tender and has high protein content, the hay contains 18.5-21.3% of crude protein (higher than other first alfalfa varieties), the crude fat content is 2.6-2.8%, the alfalfa leaf forage can replace part of fine materials, the palatability is good, and in addition, the alfalfa leaf forage also contains various mineral substances and vitamins.
2. The soil improvement effect is obvious, and the soil fertility can be improved. The root system of the Xinjiang alfalfa is developed, the root system can stretch for 3-6 meters after three years, the root is rich in rhizobia, the nitrogen fixation effect is strong, and the organic matter content in a 0-30 cm soil layer can be improved by about 6.1-9.3%. Meanwhile, the effective granules of the soil can be increased, the soil quality is improved, and the soil fertility is improved.
3. Labor force is saved: xinjiang alfalfa is perennial pasture, has long service life and high yield, and needs a certain labor force for sowing in the same year and needs only a small amount of labor force for management in other years. Compared with the method for planting crops such as cotton, wheat, corn, melon and vegetable, the labor force is saved obviously.
4. The application is wide: the Xinjiang big-leaf alfalfa can be used as a high-quality forage grass and a green manure crop, and when sprouting in early spring, tender leaves and leaves can be eaten as vegetables, so that the Xinjiang big-leaf alfalfa is delicious in taste and can be developed and utilized as green food. The alfalfa has long flowering phase and multiple inflorescences, and is a high-quality honey source plant for bee keeping.
Xinjiang alfalfa is a variety of alfalfa in the genus Medicago of Leguminosae, and is a perennial herb, and has very large leaves (the area of three feather-like multiple leaves is greater than 8cm 2), and stem-leaf ratio of 1.24-1.44: 1. the plant height is more than 1.5 m. The plant shape is upright, the root system is especially developed, the main root is conical and is obvious in coarseness, the lateral root has larger rooting tumor, the branches of the root and stem part are more, and the number of the branches can reach more than 100. The stem is hollow and quadrangular, and the stem is thick and tender. The leaf edge at the upper part 1/3 has fine saw teeth. The flower is a general inflorescence, has a short handle, consists of 20-30 small flowers, and has a butterfly-shaped crown and a purple color as a main part. The flowering period lasted one month. The pod is spiral, 1.5-2.5 circles, contains 7-9 seeds, is kidney-shaped, is yellow brown and glossy, and has the thousand seed weight of 2.1 g. The big-leaf alfalfa is used as a good pasture, needs to be planted every year, good seeds can cultivate better big-leaf alfalfa plants, the traditional sowing and sprinkling mode is adopted when the big-leaf alfalfa is used for seed production at present, manual intervention is less during seed production, natural growth is mainly used, the seed production result is not ideal enough, the number of inferior seeds is large, the seed production effect is poor, and the method is to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seed production method of alfalfa with big leaves, which solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head so as to be convenient for fully combining the base fertilizer with the soil, uniformly spreading the alfalfa seeds on the planting area after 2-3 days, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil in a manual or mechanical mode;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: the water is uniformly sprayed and irrigated in a sprinkling irrigation mode of the sprinkling irrigation head, and a complete sprinkling irrigation process is sprayed in a mode of intermittent multiple times, so that the combination of water and soil can be ensured, the short-time water accumulation phenomenon caused by the over-high irrigation speed can be avoided, and the water-saving capacity is good;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a sedimentation tank is dug in the middle drainage ditch in the step one, a water pump is arranged above the sedimentation tank, the input end of the water pump is connected with a water pipe and extends into the sedimentation tank, the output end of the water pump is connected with a sprinkler irrigation head through the water pipe, and the input end of the water pump is connected with a filter cloth.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the second step, when the seeds are disinfected, the seeds are firstly put into a trisodium phosphate solution to be soaked for 1 hour, then the seeds are taken out to be washed, then the seeds are put into a copper sulfate solution to be soaked for 20 minutes, then the seeds are taken out to be washed again to realize sterilization, and after the washing is finished, the seeds are put into a ventilation environment at 50-60 ℃ to be dried.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the third step, before the alfalfa seeds are sown, the soil in the planting area needs to be turned over again to be mixed uniformly, then the seeds are sown, after the seeds and the soil are mixed uniformly, the threshed hay is laid above the planting area, and then water is sprayed to preserve moisture.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the fertilization and irrigation operations in the fourth step and the fifth step can be performed synchronously, specifically: mix phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer and water, form low concentration solution, then evenly spray to fertigation is carried out to the form that the single quantity is few and the duty is sprinkled, simplifies the fertilization irrigation process, reduces artifical burden.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the sixth step, the removed weeds are treated in a crushed form or a burned form, and the treated weeds are sown in the planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the seventh step, the unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted for pollination to select weather with wind power lower than 2 level, pollen is sown in the air at a stable speed under the condition of stable airflow, the fan is hoisted below the unmanned aerial vehicle to blow the sown pollen downwards, the movement capacity of the pollen is increased, and the pollen can be dispersed more uniformly while rapidly descending.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step eight, the trunk left at the lower part of the medicago macrocarpa is respectively crushed and the root of the medicago macrocarpa is crushed twice before and after the soil is turned, so that the rotting speed can be effectively increased, and the soil can be fertilized more thoroughly and efficiently.
The invention has the following advantages: according to the method, sufficient preparation can be carried out on the large-leaf alfalfa seed production through multiple pretreatment operations and land treatment operations before seed production, a good seed production basis is provided, good growth assistance can be provided for large-leaf alfalfa plants through fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pollination operations, and therefore good large-leaf alfalfa seed can be obtained, and the large-leaf alfalfa seed obtained through the method is good in seed state, full in particles and good in quality.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are presented only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A seed production method of big-leaf alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head so as to be convenient for fully combining the base fertilizer with the soil, uniformly spreading the alfalfa seeds on the planting area after 2-3 days, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil in a manual or mechanical mode;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: the water is uniformly sprayed and irrigated in a sprinkling irrigation mode of the sprinkling irrigation head, and a complete sprinkling irrigation process is sprayed in a mode of intermittent multiple times, so that the combination of water and soil can be ensured, the short-time water accumulation phenomenon caused by the over-high irrigation speed can be avoided, and the water-saving capacity is good;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds. .
Example 2
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head so as to be convenient for fully combining the base fertilizer with the soil, uniformly spreading the alfalfa seeds on the planting area after 2-3 days, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil in a manual or mechanical mode;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: the water is uniformly sprayed and irrigated in a sprinkling irrigation mode of the sprinkling irrigation head, and a complete sprinkling irrigation process is sprayed in a mode of intermittent multiple times, so that the combination of water and soil can be ensured, the short-time water accumulation phenomenon caused by the over-high irrigation speed can be avoided, and the water-saving capacity is good;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 3
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: the water is uniformly sprayed and irrigated in a sprinkling irrigation mode of the sprinkling irrigation head, and a complete sprinkling irrigation process is sprayed in a mode of intermittent multiple times, so that the combination of water and soil can be ensured, the short-time water accumulation phenomenon caused by the over-high irrigation speed can be avoided, and the water-saving capacity is good;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 4
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: evenly spray irrigation with the form of sprinkling irrigation head sprinkling irrigation, a complete sprinkling irrigation process sprays with intermittent type form many times, can enough guarantee the combination of moisture and soil, and on the other hand can avoid irrigating the short-term ponding phenomenon that the speed leads to at the excessive speed and take place, and water conservation ability is good, and fertilization and irrigation operation can go on in step, specifically do: mixing a phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium fertilizer and water to form a low-concentration solution, uniformly spraying, and irrigating and fertilizing in a small-amount and frequent-spraying manner at a single time, so that the fertilizing and irrigating procedures are simplified, and the labor burden is reduced;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 5
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: evenly spray irrigation with the form of sprinkling irrigation head sprinkling irrigation, a complete sprinkling irrigation process sprays with intermittent type form many times, can enough guarantee the combination of moisture and soil, and on the other hand can avoid irrigating the short-term ponding phenomenon that the speed leads to at the excessive speed and take place, and water conservation ability is good, and fertilization and irrigation operation can go on in step, specifically do: mixing a phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium fertilizer and water to form a low-concentration solution, uniformly spraying, and irrigating and fertilizing in a small-amount and frequent-spraying manner at a single time, so that the fertilizing and irrigating procedures are simplified, and the labor burden is reduced;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area for 20-30 days as a period to remove weeds, regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, treating the removed weeds in a crushing mode or an incineration mode, and spraying the treated substances in the planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 6
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: evenly spray irrigation with the form of sprinkling irrigation head sprinkling irrigation, a complete sprinkling irrigation process sprays with intermittent type form many times, can enough guarantee the combination of moisture and soil, and on the other hand can avoid irrigating the short-term ponding phenomenon that the speed leads to at the excessive speed and take place, and water conservation ability is good, and fertilization and irrigation operation can go on in step, specifically do: mixing a phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium fertilizer and water to form a low-concentration solution, uniformly spraying, and irrigating and fertilizing in a small-amount and frequent-spraying manner at a single time, so that the fertilizing and irrigating procedures are simplified, and the labor burden is reduced;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area for 20-30 days as a period to remove weeds, regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, treating the removed weeds in a crushing mode or an incineration mode, and spraying the treated substances in the planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 7
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: evenly spray irrigation with the form of sprinkling irrigation head sprinkling irrigation, a complete sprinkling irrigation process sprays with intermittent type form many times, can enough guarantee the combination of moisture and soil, and on the other hand can avoid irrigating the short-term ponding phenomenon that the speed leads to at the excessive speed and take place, and water conservation ability is good, and fertilization and irrigation operation can go on in step, specifically do: mixing a phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium fertilizer and water to form a low-concentration solution, uniformly spraying, and irrigating and fertilizing in a small-amount and frequent-spraying manner at a single time, so that the fertilizing and irrigating procedures are simplified, and the labor burden is reduced;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area for 20-30 days as a period to remove weeds, regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, treating the removed weeds in a crushing mode or an incineration mode, and spraying the treated substances in the planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode, the weather with wind power lower than 2 level is selected by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle pollination, pollen is sowed in the air at a stable speed under the condition of stable airflow, a fan is hoisted below the unmanned aerial vehicle to blow the sprinkled pollen downwards, the movement capacity of the pollen is increased, and the pollen can be dispersed more uniformly while rapidly descending;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
Example 8
A seed production method of alfalfa comprises the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head, so that the base fertilizer is fully combined with the soil, after 2-3 days, uniformly spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds on the planting area, uniformly mixing the large-leaf alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil by adopting a manual or mechanical mode, before spreading the large-leaf alfalfa seeds, turning the soil of the planting area again to uniformly mix the soil, then spreading the seeds, after uniformly mixing the seeds with the soil, spreading the threshed hay above the planting area, and then spraying water to preserve moisture;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: evenly spray irrigation with the form of sprinkling irrigation head sprinkling irrigation, a complete sprinkling irrigation process sprays with intermittent type form many times, can enough guarantee the combination of moisture and soil, and on the other hand can avoid irrigating the short-term ponding phenomenon that the speed leads to at the excessive speed and take place, and water conservation ability is good, and fertilization and irrigation operation can go on in step, specifically do: mixing a phosphate fertilizer, an ammonium fertilizer and water to form a low-concentration solution, uniformly spraying, and irrigating and fertilizing in a small-amount and frequent-spraying manner at a single time, so that the fertilizing and irrigating procedures are simplified, and the labor burden is reduced;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area for 20-30 days as a period to remove weeds, regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, treating the removed weeds in a crushing mode or an incineration mode, and spraying the treated substances in the planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode, the weather with wind power lower than 2 level is selected by adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle pollination, pollen is sowed in the air at a stable speed under the condition of stable airflow, a fan is hoisted below the unmanned aerial vehicle to blow the sprinkled pollen downwards, the movement capacity of the pollen is increased, and the pollen can be dispersed more uniformly while rapidly descending;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine, naturally rotting the soil, fertilizing the soil, reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production, respectively smashing the trunk reserved at the lower part of the big-leaf alfalfa and smashing the root of the big-leaf alfalfa twice before and after soil turning, effectively increasing the rotting speed, and enabling the fertile soil to be more thorough and efficient;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
According to the method, sufficient preparation can be carried out on the large-leaf alfalfa seed production through multiple pretreatment operations and land treatment operations before seed production, a good seed production basis is provided, good growth assistance can be provided for large-leaf alfalfa plants through fertilization, irrigation, pest control and pollination operations, and therefore good large-leaf alfalfa seed can be obtained, and the large-leaf alfalfa seed obtained through the method is good in seed state, full in particles and good in quality.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The seed production method of the alfalfa with big leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, area selection: selecting a land area which can receive more than 8 hours of sunlight and has the pH value of 6.5-7.5, ploughing the land deeply, eradicating weeds, grinding the soil into small particles by using a ploughing machine, loosening and ventilating the soil, ditching and draining in a grid arrangement mode to form a plurality of planting areas arranged in a matrix, arranging a sprinkler irrigation head in the center of each planting area, laying a water pipe in the ditches, connecting the sprinkler irrigation head with the water pipe through a delivery pipe, forming a drainage ditch in the underground of the planting areas, and arranging a support filter screen at the top end of the drainage ditch to prevent seeds from rotting due to water accumulation;
step two, seed pretreatment: selecting full-grain, non-damage and mildew-free big-leaf alfalfa seeds, cleaning, removing impurities, sterilizing and removing grass seeds of the selected seeds, airing or air-drying the big-leaf alfalfa seeds after the treatment is finished, and maintaining the humidity of the dried big-leaf alfalfa seeds at 10-15%;
step three, sowing: firstly applying base fertilizer on the soil of the planting area, then carrying out mild irrigation on the soil in the form of water mist by using a sprinkler irrigation head so as to be convenient for fully combining the base fertilizer with the soil, uniformly spreading the alfalfa seeds on the planting area after 2-3 days, and uniformly mixing the alfalfa seeds with the soil in the form of ploughing and turning soil in a manual or mechanical mode;
step four, fertilizing: after sowing, the fertilizer is applied regularly, the phosphate fertilizer and the ammonium fertilizer are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly sown,
step five, irrigation: the water is uniformly sprayed and irrigated in a sprinkling irrigation mode of the sprinkling irrigation head, and a complete sprinkling irrigation process is sprayed in a mode of intermittent multiple times, so that the combination of water and soil can be ensured, the short-time water accumulation phenomenon caused by the over-high irrigation speed can be avoided, and the water-saving capacity is good;
step six, periodic prevention and control: spraying a weeding agent or an artificial weeding mode on the planting area to remove weeds in a cycle of 20-30 days, and regularly spraying an agent for preventing plant diseases and insect pests to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests;
step seven, pollination: because the planting area is large, pollination is carried out by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle pollination mode;
step eight, harvesting: when the big-leaf alfalfa grows to be in a reapable state, reaping by using a sickle or a harvester, reserving 20cm above the root system of the big-leaf alfalfa for not reaping, after reaping, turning and cutting soil at the root of the big-leaf alfalfa by using a soil turning machine to naturally decay the soil, fertilizing the soil, and reserving enough soil fertilizer for next seed production;
step nine, receiving goods: and (3) drying the harvested pasture in the sun for 3-5 days, and performing threshing and screening treatment when the humidity of the seeds reaches 8-10% according to actual conditions to obtain the large-leaf alfalfa seeds.
2. The method for producing seeds of alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first drainage ditch is provided with a sediment tank, a water pump is arranged above the sediment tank, the input end of the water pump is connected with a water pipe and extends into the sediment tank, the output end of the water pump is connected with a sprinkler head through the water pipe, and the input end of the water pump is connected with a filter cloth.
3. The seed production method of alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, when the seeds are disinfected, the seeds are first soaked in trisodium phosphate solution for 1 hour, then the seeds are taken out and washed, then the seeds are soaked in copper sulfate solution for 20min, and then the seeds are taken out and washed again to realize sterilization, and after the washing, the seeds are dried in a ventilation environment at 50-60 ℃.
4. The method for producing seeds of alfalfa with big leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, before sowing the seeds of alfalfa with big leaves, the soil in the planting area needs to be turned over again to mix the seeds evenly, then the seeds are sown again, after the seeds and the soil are mixed evenly, the threshed hay is laid on the planting area, and then water is sprayed to keep the moisture.
5. The seed production method of alfalfa as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fertilization and irrigation operations in the fourth and fifth steps can be performed synchronously, specifically: mix phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium fertilizer and water, form low concentration solution, then evenly spray to fertigation is carried out to the form that the single quantity is few and the duty is sprinkled, simplifies the fertilization irrigation process, reduces artifical burden.
6. The method for producing seeds of alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step six, the cleaned weeds are treated in a crushed form or a burned form, and the treated weeds are sown in a planting area to increase the weight of the soil in the planting area.
7. The seed production method of alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step seven, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for pollination to select weather with wind power lower than level 2, under the condition of stable airflow, pollen is sown in the air at a stable speed, the fan is hoisted below the unmanned aerial vehicle to blow the sprinkled pollen downwards, the movement capacity of the pollen is increased, and the pollen can be dispersed more uniformly while rapidly descending.
8. The seed production method of alfalfa of claim 1, characterized in that in the step eight, the trunk left at the lower part of alfalfa is crushed and the root of alfalfa is crushed twice before and after the soil turning, so that the rotting speed can be effectively increased, and the soil can be fertilized more thoroughly and efficiently.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194567A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed |
| CN207538115U (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-26 | 云南新平松金核桃发展有限公司 | Rainwater utilization walnut plantation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194567A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving production volume and quality of alfalfa seed |
| CN207538115U (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-06-26 | 云南新平松金核桃发展有限公司 | Rainwater utilization walnut plantation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 云晓娟等: "紫花苜蓿种子生产技术要点", 《新疆畜牧业》 * |
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