CN102487655A - Harvesting and processing technology for producing edible alfalfa powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to a mechanical harvesting processing technology for husbandry, namely a harvesting and processing technology for producing high-quality ultra-micro edible alfalfa powder. In order to solve the problems of low nutritious value, high fiber content, pollution and mold caused by cutting, raking and turning, picking and chopping, and transport in a full-plant alfalfa harvesting and processing technology for producing high-quality alfalfa powder, and problems that nutrients are lost, fibers are coarse and large, the digestion rate is low and the product is only suitable to serve as a feed caused by high temperature processing and a common crushing method, the technology adopts a head cutting and non-landing harvesting and loading and transporting mode; and after alfalfas are cut, the heads of the alfalfas containing rich nutrients are cut off and pressed into square bundles, the square bundles are directly loaded and transported to a processing factory, and the heads of the alfalfas are subjected to solar low temperature drying, chopping, airflow ultra-micro low temperature crushing and microwave low temperature sterilization treatment to form the high-quality ultra-micro edible alfalfa powder which is pollution-free and mold-free, effectively maintains bioactivity and nutrients of fresh alfalfas, contains rich dietary fibers, has good water solubility and mouthfeel, is easy to digest and absorb, and has the fineness of 150-200 meshes.

Description

Be used to produce the results and the processing technology of edible alfalfa meal

Affiliated technical field

The invention belongs to a kind of farming and animal husbandry mechanical harvest processing technology; This process using crop and the results shipment mode of not landing; Clover cradles the fresh and tender head cutting-out and side of being pressed into that it is nutritious in facility, back and ties; Then directly load and be transported to processing factory; After solar low-temperature drying and chopping, air-flow ultra micro low-temperature grinding and microwave low temperature sterilization handle, process pollution-free, do not have go mouldy, effectively preserved bright clover biologically active and nutrient component, be rich in dietary fiber, have good aqueous solubility, dispersiveness, adsorptivity, good mouthfeel, be easy to digest and assimilate, fineness is up to the high-quality ultra-fine edible alfalfa meal of 150～2000 purposes.

Background technology

Clover is the perennial leguminous herbaceous plant that cultivation history is long in the world, cultivated area is bigger.Clover contains nutrient components such as rich in protein, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins, and its output is high, good palatability, and the good reputation of " king in the grass " is arranged.Because its very high nutritive value, whole world area under cultivation reaches 3,300 ten thousand hm ², China only alfalfa area under cultivation has reached 133.3 ten thousand hm ²Along with concede the land the on a large scale rapid rise of returning husbandry to grassland and careless industry of China's development of the West Regions, the alfalfa industry large-scale development is very fast in recent years, and cultivated area enlarges just rapidly.

Clover is not only applicable to as high-quality feed, is applicable to human consumption simultaneously yet.But because results and processing technology fall behind; In the production of high-quality grass meal, adopt cutting, hugging and turn over the harvest technology that transports behind airing, the picking and chopping before this usually to the complete stool clover; This harvest technology is clover to be cradled the back with mower or mower-crusher in good time put into swath in the field; Be dried to moisture content 35%～40% o'clock through tedding, be transported to processing factory with being thrown into trailer behind the green feed reap machine picking and chopping again.Because of the clover after cradling is put in the field for a long time, be difficult to not receive various pollutions, will go mouldy in case of raining simultaneously, thereby be difficult to processed food.In order to reduce the influence of weather, directly shred and be thrown into the harvesting approach that trailer transports processing factory to after also adopting the green feed reap machine have the ceding of Taiwan that clover is cradled sometimes.Though the disadvantage that this harvest technology has avoided the field airing to bring also because of the careless uncompressed of loosing has reduced conevying efficiency, has strengthened cost of transportation.And processing technology after this adopts hyperthermia drying, forage grass cracker to process grass meal and even grass particle or careless piece after pulverizing usually; Promptly wet grass section is dried under 800 ℃～1000 ℃ high temperature through warm air drier, becomes grass meal or is squeezed into grass particle or careless piece through high temperature again after the sieve aperture of φ 1.6～φ 3.2mm is pulverized at common hammer slice type forage grass cracker again.Because of oven dry, paddle type mill pulverizing and extrusion modling are the high temperature process process; Lose destruction in a large number so certainly will cause sensitive compositions such as protein denaturation and vitamin; The quality of finished of processing is low; The thick content of fiber particle diameter is big in addition, is difficult to by simple stomach domestic animal and human digestive, also can only add on a small quantity as herbvore feed stripped or in other animal daily ration.The hyperthermia drying that relies on a large amount of coals of consumption and fuel oil to realize also causes very high processing cost, and this large-scale popularization that has also limited this technology is used.The bright alfalfa plants top and the bottom nutrient content of results is very inequality, and protein of top 1/3 section plant and fat content are respectively than bottom 2/3 section high 64% and 7%, and raw fiber is low by 53%, and degree of lignification obviously reduces.The product that therefore this complete stool results and processing technology are produced is also because of the low feed stripped that only is suitable as of the high nutritional quality of fiber content.

Summary of the invention

The invention of this technology has solved to be wanted to solve and unsolved problem for a long time; A kind of results and processing technology that is used to produce edible alfalfa meal is provided; Not implementation mode results and the shipment of fresh and tender head that employing is nutritious with clover; And after the low temperature process, become the quality exquisiteness, pollution-free, do not have go mouldy, nutritious, dietary fiber content is high, quality is fine and smooth, good mouthfeel, be easy to digest and assimilate, be suitable for the high-quality ultra micro alfalfa meal of human consumption.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the field clover is cradled with multi-functional harvesting crop baling all-in-one in good time; Crop; The conveyer of baling → bale loader transporter vehicle does not land bale to be delivered directly to and is transported to processing factory → be dried to moisture content below 15% → bale buster chopping → air-flow ultramicro grinding equipment through solar low-temperature in processing factory on the transport vehicle a broken grass section low-temperature grinding is become 150～2000 purpose ultra-fine edible alfalfa meals → 70 ℃～80 ℃ sterilization → packs of microwave low temperature sterilization equipment → eat the alfalfa meal finished product to dispatch from the factory.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

The complete stool clover results that adopt in the production of high-quality grass meal more before this can effectively improve the nutritive value of harvested product, reduce crude fiber content and degree of lignification.

The complete stool clover cradles, hugs the nutritive value that the harvest technology that turns over airing, picking and chopping, transportation can effectively be preserved harvested product more before this, and pollution-free going mouldy; Clover is transported after adopting baling, and the careless transportation of loosing can significantly improve conevying efficiency, reduces cost of transportation.

The low-temperature solar energy drying has avoided bright clover biologically active and effective loss of nutritive components to destroy, and product quality is high, has reduced a large amount of oven dry costs simultaneously, helps applying of this technology.

The ultramicro grinding process is destroyed the damaged and thick fibre structure of cell structure; The macromolecular polysaccharide degree of polymerization diminishes; Dietary fiber content increases by 28%; Part is transformed into can be by the polysaccharide and the monose of human consumption absorption, and water-soluble dietary fiber and the more common grass meal of soluble ss-glucans content improve 60%, 55% respectively; Because of protein and the fatty release rate that reaches in the cell on the cell wall improves; Part is kept and is combined the secondary key of protein structure to be destroyed simultaneously; Obtain more simple protein, lipid and carbohydrate; Protein, the more common grass meal of fat content improve 7.5%, 57% respectively, because of ultramicro grinding is the low temperature process process, have preserved the bioactive ingredients of clover to greatest extent; Because of granularity refinement has reached flour level granularity rank, quality is fine and smooth, good mouthfeel, and original natural flavor is further brought into play; Dietary fiber can promote the human intestine to wriggle, and the enhancing body digestive function effectively prevents hyperglycaemia, high fat of blood and hypertensive modern humans " three high diseases ", diseases such as Prevention of Cardiovascular, cancer; Because of specific surface area is big, porosity is high, and pardon is strong, and the product internal soundness is fully improved, and ultra micro alfalfa meal dispersiveness, dissolubility, adsorptivity obtain radical change, and are easy to digest and assimilate, and have possessed the various characteristics as raw-food material.

The edible alfalfa meal that these results and processing technology are produced, it is food that the clover product is promoted by feed, has significantly improved the class and the added value of product, has reduced production cost; Ultra-fine edible alfalfa meal health is clean, nutritious, dietary fiber content is high, quality exquisiteness, special taste, be easy to digest and assimilate, and production cost is low, is to be fit to the high-quality raw-food material that large-scale popularization is used.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is results and the processing process sketch map that is used to produce edible alfalfa meal.

Embodiment

The results that are used to produce edible alfalfa meal and processing technology to how to solve complete stool clover before this cut, hug turn over, the results of picking and chopping, transportation and high temperature process study with the expansion of processing technology shortcoming problem.

Through experimental study to complete stool clover results and processing technology; Drawn the data of the different section nutrient components of the every hectogram complete stool of the initial bloom stage that is suitable for gathering in clover dry matter: contain protein 31%, crude fat 1.1%, raw fiber 11% in the dry matter of bright alfalfa plants top 1/3 section of results, and bottom 2/3 section protein 19%, crude fat 0.96%, raw fiber 23%.It is thus clear that the side stem of top 1/3 section, tender leaf and flower nutrient content are very high, fiber content is low, and rich vitamins and carotin; The plant of bottom 2/3 section is then aging gradually; Fiber becomes thick and content increases, and carotene carotene content is very low, and nutrient content obviously descends; The shortcoming that sums up clover complete stool results and processing technology is; Its underpart high again plant of nutrient content difference fiber content is gathered in the crops processing with top, cause processing raw material of poor quality, fibre weight is big, it is edible also only to be fit to a herbvore domestic animal.

Through the complete stool clover is hugged the results process nutrition variation experimental study of turning over airing, picking and chopping, transportation from cradling to; Drawn as drawing a conclusion: because cradle, hug that grass teds, picking and chopping and transport a series of craft and mechanically actuated; The delicate side shoot loss 6%～10% that comes off and cause because of breakage; Blade loss 20～30%, dry matter loss 5%～30%; The respiration of clover cell causes dry matter loss 2%～15% in the airing process; The direct irradiation of sunlight is destroyed because of photosynthesis makes carotin and chlorophyll; Make dry matter loss 20%～40% like the drip washing of raining, nitrogen loss 20%, phosphorus loss 30%; Carotin loss 65%, and very easily go mouldy; Operation, the field picking and chopping process of manual and machinery have 1%～3% field soil stone, weeds, rotten grass to be mingled with in the clover, cause the pollution of final products; The careless bulk density of loosing is 70kg/m ³～80kg/m ³, density can improve 1.2～1.4 times after the baling, adopts the direct entrucking transportation of diffusing grass of uncompressed, and conevying efficiency reduces by 56%, increases cost of transportation 50%.Summing up the complete stool clover cuts, hugs the shortcoming of turning over airing, picking and chopping, transportation technology and be that repeatedly craft or mechanically actuated and airing causes serious nutritive loss, pollutes even go mouldy through the field; Especially the most eutrophic top side shoot and tender leaf loss are more very; Cause the degradation that processes raw material, product quality is low, and the grass that looses is without directly shipment of compression; Also reduce conevying efficiency, strengthened cost of transportation.

Through the processing technology experimental study that complete stool clover hyperthermia drying, hammer leaf are processed grass meal and even grass particle or careless piece after pulverizing; Drawn as drawing a conclusion: the high temperature that produces during owing to high temperature dehydration and processing and forming extruding; Nutritive loss 10%～15%, aromatic amino acid seriously volatilizees, the palatability variation; Some protein generation sex change cause digestibility reduction in the body; The alfalfa meal particle diameter that adopts common hammer slice type forage grass cracker pulverizing can not destroy thick fiber between 1.5mm～3mm, also can only add on a small quantity as herbvore feed stripped or in other animal daily ration; Rely on the hyperthermia drying that consumes a large amount of coals and fuel oil realization, production cost is 140～165 yuan (RMB)/ton, and is higher 1.3～1.8 times than solar drying, and very high processing cost has also limited the large-scale popularization of this technology and used.

Being used to produce the results that eat alfalfa meal changes to the different section nutritional labelings of complete stool clover dry with processing technology; The new technology that employing is gathered in the crops bright alfalfa plants top 1/3 section and process separately; Effectively improve the nutritive value of cutting, reduced fiber content and degree of lignification; Turn over airing, picking and chopping, a series of results process of transportation nutriment Changing Pattern to cutting, hugging, lose feature and performance analysis; Employing with bright alfalfa plants top 1/3 section crop after directly baling and load transportation do not land the results new technology; Effectively avoided in the results process nutritive loss, pollute even go mouldy, reduced cost of transportation simultaneously; To clover process nutriment Changing Pattern, loss feature and performance analysis; Employing is with the low temperature process technology of bright clover bale through solar energy drying, air-flow ultramicro grinding and microwave sterilization; Nutrition and bioactive ingredients have effectively been preserved; Thick fiber changes indispensable dietary fiber in the modern food mostly into; Ultra micro alfalfa meal quality exquisiteness, good mouthfeel, unique flavor, the good water solubility of producing, and energy-conservation, processing cost is low.

The work tool that the results that are used to produce edible alfalfa meal and processing technology adopt mainly contains multi-functional clover and gathers in crop baling all-in-one, bale loader transporter vehicle, solar bale drying plant, bale buster, air-flow ultramicro grinding equipment, microwave sterilizing equipment.Edible alfalfa meal results with the processing technology detailed process are: clover is cradled with multi-functional harvesting crop baling all-in-one at the highest initial bloom stage of nutrition total amount → in machine, its top 1/3 section is carried out outside the crop and the side of the being pressed into bundle discharge machine, and will other 2/3 section handle the back and outside another outlet discharge machine, put into swath and treat that further processing → bright clover is tied without just landing conveyer by the bale loader transporter vehicle and be delivered directly to and be dried to the instantaneous preparatory chopping → air-flow ultramicro grinding equipment that do not heat up of the storage humidity → bale buster of moisture content below 15% under the low temperature environment that transport vehicle transports 10 ℃～20 ℃ of environmental temperatures of processing factory → directly be higher than through solar energy at the bright bale of processing factory to a broken careless section low-temperature grinding is become 150～2000 purpose ultra micro alfalfa meals → 70 ℃～80 ℃ sterilization → packs of microwave low temperature sterilization equipment → eat the alfalfa meal finished product to dispatch from the factory through flattening.

Claims (6)

1. results and a processing technology that is used to produce edible alfalfa meal is characterized in that, this process using head that clover is nutritious not implementation mode results and shipment, and adopt low temperature process.

2. like claims 1 said results and processing technology, it is characterized in that clover top 1/3 section carried out crop and baling after facility of field clover employing were accomplished successively and cradled and will cut in machine.

3. like claims 1 said results and processing technology, it is characterized in that bright bale does not land directly by the entrucking of bale loader transporter vehicle and transports processing factory to.

4. like claims 1 said results and processing technology, it is characterized in that the bright bale of clover directly is dried to the storage humidity of moisture content below 15% through solar low-temperature.

5. like claims 1 said results and processing technology, it is characterized in that bale is processed 150～2000 purpose ultra-fine edible alfalfa meals through air-flow ultra micro low-temperature grinding after chopping.

6. like claims 1 said results and processing technology; It is characterized in that this process using: with the field clover with multi-functional harvesting crop baling all-in-one cradle, the conveyer of crop, baling → bale loader transporter vehicle do not land bale to be delivered directly to and is transported to processing factory → be dried to moisture content below 15% → bale buster in processing factory through solar low-temperature to shred in advance → air-flow ultramicro grinding equipment on the transport vehicle a broken grass section low-temperature grinding is become 150～2000 purpose ultra-fine edible alfalfa meals → 70 ℃～80 ℃ sterilization → packs of microwave low temperature sterilization equipment → eat the alfalfa meal finished product to dispatch from the factory.