CN106721132A - A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle - Google Patents
A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method of ramie grass block and its cultivation beef cattle is related to processing and the application process of a kind of high-quality feed raw material.It is characterized in that using the ramie raw materials of water content 25%~30% that weight accounting is 90%~95%, 2%~3% starch, 1%~3% air-dried vinasse, 0.25%~0.5% propionic acid, 0.1%~0.2% salt and 1%~5% alfalfa meal, are pressed into density for 500~600kg/m after mixing3Grass block.Fed according to daily every beef cattle and account for the ramie grass block of its body weight 1.5%~2%, account for the concentrate supplement of its body weight 0.5%~0.75% and account for the blue or green roughage of its body weight 1.5%~2%, the ramie raw materials that water content can be made full use of higher are made that trophic structure is excellent, grass block firm, the ramie grass block of good palatability, and more than 50% concentrate supplement and more than 20% forage can be reduced, feed grain is significantly saved, increases culture benefit.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method of ramie grass block and its cultivation beef cattle belongs to livestock-raising technical field, and in particular to a kind of high-quality is raised
Expect processing and the application process of raw material.
Background technology
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is the perennial root herbaceous plant of Urticaceae Section of Genus Boehmeria, is traditional
Bast fiber crop.Ramie annidation is strong, and biological yield is big, can also be given birth to well under hot and humid weather conditions
It is long.Recent study finds that the nutritive value of ramie young stem and leaf is close with clover, can be used as the herbage raw material of high-quality.China south
Side, due to summer high temperature high humidity, is not suitable for Planting Medicago sativa, but plantation ramie can obtain biological yield very high, its biological characteristics
Property ramie is had to turn into and is more suitable for the advantage of southern protein feeds.
The Livestocks such as beef cattle, milk cow, mutton sheep be Modern Animal Husbandry development emphasis, these animals based on grass, not with
People strives grain, is " grain-saving type " industry.And south China extensively plantation herbage based on gramineous crop, good quality and high output adaptability
Strong herbage seldom, is extremely lacked with high-quality protein herbage especially, is unfavorable for the high-speed and high-efficiency development of south " grain-saving type " animal husbandry.
Ramie young stem and leaf hay varieties " Zhongsizhu No.1 " that Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences selects grow it is vigorous, hair the root and stem of certain plants and
Power of regeneration is strong, and early growth is fast, suitably several times a year gathers in, year biological yield it is high.The kind blade is more, and stalk is thin, base of leaf
Than big, the yield component as feed is more reasonable, and kind is of high nutritive value.Compared with clover (accompanying drawing 1), plant height 65cm
" Zhongsizhu No.1 " young tender plant siccative of harvesting：In terms of nutritional quality, the index such as crude protein, crude fat, calcium content compared with
Height, and coarse-fibred content is relatively low, and nutritive value is more excellent；In terms of yield, " Zhongsizhu No.1 " year dry matter production is higher than
1.2 tons/mu, are significantly higher than clover；In terms of Production Zones Suitable, hot and humid characteristic is not suitable with from clover different, ramie happiness temperature
Heat, moistening, the damp and hot weather in south are especially suitable for Ramie Growth.
At present, mainly there is pellet with ramie grass meal as major ingredient (such as using the mode of ramie feed
ZL201410144348.8 etc.), ensiling, fresh feeding or the Boehmeria nivea leaves through dryness in the sun, and its feeding value is commented
Valency (accompanying drawing 2).There are some researches show ramie cured leaf makees feed feeding beef cattle and milk cow, and the kg/day of consumption 3~4 can be substituted
50% or so fine fodder.In milk cow experiment, 50% or so fine fodder is substituted with ramie cured leaf, and do not had to the output of milk and Milk quality
Have an impact.Crude ramie cured leaf proportion is low, and gap is big, and not only unit volume storage raw material is few, be also easy to cause weathering,
Oxidation, causes the consequences such as the high, nutritive loss of forage carrying cost.
The application of particulate material, ensilage, solves the preservation of ramie long period and saves cost of transportation to a certain extent
Problem.However, the degree of drying of the ramie grass meal needed for pellet is high, it is necessary to finess disintegrating high, large-scale special equipment, and
Content is general below 70%, and preferably content is 30% or so.The pellet of finished product can only pass through during nursing
The regulation of feed total amount controls the consumption of ramie, lacks reply different animals, different growth and development stages, different breeding region
The flexibilities that different feedings are required Deng under the conditions of, the problems such as often leading to the wasting of resources, culture benefit and decline.Meanwhile, it is processed
By with effects such as high temperature, low ph conditions, microorganism decomposition, oxidations in journey, its trophic structure is more easy to be changed and destroys, such as ties up
Raw element class, chlorogenic acid, Flavonoid substances etc., so as to reduce the nutritive value of ramie.
Ramie ensilage is modulated, and mainly the accessory substance after by ramie complete stool, cauline leaf or decorticating raw ramie is by drying
Afterwards, the crop material higher with other water-soluble carbohydrate contents, such as corn stalk, rice straw, mix according to a certain percentage,
The lactobacillus-fermented being attached to using nature on plant residue is made.Ramie ensilage water content general more than 50%, coordinates
After the raw material ensiling such as corn stalk, rice straw, its nutrient concentration is reduce further, do not give full play of the Feeding value of ramie.
And, too high water content increased cost of transportation.Therefore, the light letter with ramie hay as object is urgently developed in industrialized development
Change efficient grass product process technology and Collocation cultivation technology.
Common hay product processing technique mainly has bale process technology, hay powder process technology, grass particle processing skill
Art and grass block process technology etc..Bale processing is general using forage grass is processed by the way of compression, predominantly the loss of reduction dry,
Save space, the purpose such as it is readily transported, without the property for changing forage grass.Hay powder can be used for the mixed feed of livestock and poultry and can be grass
The processing of particle provides raw material, but its crushing needs forage grass water content relatively low, generally requires to take the mode of drying, causes processing
High expensive.Grass block is suppressed compared with bale, with being not required to lash, the features such as unit weight is higher, it is lower to lose, fortune storage facilitates, with
Grass meal, grass particle are compared, and save Grin-ding energ7, and can keep certain fibre length, are more suitable for the psychological need of ruminant.
Meanwhile, more flexible, nutritional ingredient is more stable, be easier the features such as realizing entire mechanization also with coordinating with concentrated feed for grass block,
Important component as forage grass commercialization, industrialization.
It was related to the research of ramie grass block process technology in the past, but because several key issues are difficult to solve without being able to
Research and application, such as：Plant is still within bud green state when ramie harvests, and water content is high, and ramie is mainly produced in China head
Jiang Yinan regions, are influenceed by rainy climate, simple to dry the water content levels (8% being difficult to required for reaching conventional grass block compacting
~10%)；Ramie plant, especially Boehmeria nivea leaves, the fine hair on surface is less sticky after drying, is difficult to adhesion after compression and causes grass
Block is frangible, and influence is transported and stored；Single ramie hay palatability is poor, causes that beef cattle feed intake is small, and culture efficiency is poor；Not yet
See with the report of the standardization Collocation cultivation technology of ramie grass block feeding beef cattle " subtracting grain synergy ".
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ramie grass block and its cultural method of feeding beef cattle, can be contained using higher
The grass block product that the ramie raw materials of water are made shelf-stable, just transport, and reach ramie nutrient be able to preferably preservation, grass block jail
Gu, be soaked the simple, purpose that palatability is significantly improved, culture benefit is obviously improved.
A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle that the present invention is provided, its technical scheme are as follows：
1. ramie grass block compacting：The accessory substance such as remaining sesame slices, boon, chooses except agglomerating or bright after collection ramie decorticating fiber
Show the clean bast fiber of non-decorticating, dry to water content 25%~30%, it is standby.Or collection is conventionally cradled
The feeding ramie complete stool for arriving, through stalk crasher, is crushed to the fragment of length≤3.5cm, dries to water content 25%~30%,
It is standby.The results of feeding ramie are highly generally 40~80cm, if the too high or black stalk of plant base portion is more than complete stool 1/4, need
Amputate black stalk part.Because the ramee variety in each producing region is different, the not equal factor influence of weather conditions during drying, the producer needs
Simple judgment method of the drying custom with feed moisture content of oneself is formed, to reduce drying cost, and causes that water content is more equal
Even maintains 25%~30%.Generally, the raw material of drying is clutched, raw material can send clearer and more melodious sound when clenching
Sound, can not be agglomerating after opening hand, and scatters rapidly, you can reaches water content requirement.Raw material can also be using the side of mechanical drying
Water content is reduced to above range by formula.
After ramie raw materials water content reaches requirement, according to the ramie raw materials that weight accounting is 90%~95%, 2%~3%
Starch, 1%~3% vinasse, 0.25%~0.5% propionic acid, 0.1%~0.2% salt and 1%~5% clover
Powder, after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, density is pressed into for 500~600kg/m using weed breaker3Grass block.
Water content control can not only be reduced into drying cost 25%~30%, also with ramie raw materials ratio can be improved
Because raw material is too dry when promoting the frictional force for mixing with other raw materials, increasing between feed particles improve grass block density, avoid suppressing again
The meltage for being difficult to bond, increase starch improves the effect such as degree of adhesion.Addition starch and alfalfa meal, mainly make use of it higher
Under water content, hot environment is produced during compacting, promote the dissolving of starch and clover minute pectic substance, feed particles are carried out
Bonding, after the completion of compacting, grass block temperature reduction, the material such as starch and pectin solidification enhances the degree of adhesion of grass block.If by starch
Pre-gelatinized starch is replaced with, then bonding effect is more significantly, can effectively solve the problems, such as that ramie grass block is frangible.Starch, vinasse,
Propionic acid, salt and alfalfa meal also with regard to play the role of regulation ramie grass block palatability, especially balanced nutritious structure, vinasse have compared with
Strong wine flavour, can promote the appetite of livestock, it is to avoid palatability is poor caused by pure ramie hay, livestock feed intake declines asks
Topic.Propionic acid or a kind of conventional grass block preservative, have ensured the longer shelf characteric of ramie grass block.
2. ramie grass block is soaked：With spilling kettle or sprayer according to clear water and ramie grass block weight than 1~2:10 amount will be clear
Water is uniformly sprayed at grass block surface, after standing 10~15min, manually can be beaten with utensils such as wooden sticks, or rubbed with machinery, patted
Etc. method, most of grass block is set to scatter, you can feeding.Generally, in grass block pressing process, top layer raw material is squeezed in machinery
Under the effects such as pressure, transmission friction, high temperature is produced, form one layer of smooth epidermis, be difficult to absorb water when being soaked, grass block is difficult to fully
It is broken, thus the requirement of feeding is just can reach by more manpower or mechanical energy.The present invention is using starch, vinasse, salt
Be respectively provided with stronger water absorbing properties with the raw material mixture such as alfalfa meal, during grass block is soaked, can promote its it is rapid absorb moisture,
Expand, fluff, thus can effectively save external force effect, reduce labour intensity and aquaculture cost.
3. beef cattle feeding method：This method is applied to the cultivation of fattening period beef cattle.Feeding method is every daily beef cattle of ox
According to the amount for accounting for its body weight 0.5%~0.75%, timing feeds conventional concentrate supplement at twice sooner or later, according to accounting for its body weight
1.5%~2% amount feeds ramie grass block, and feeds the blue or green thick forage grass such as rice straw according to the amount for accounting for its body weight 1.5%~2%.Drink
Other same conventional methods of management such as water, motion.
During conventional cultivation, the feeding volume of beef ox fattening phase concentrate supplement is generally the 1%~1.5% of body weight,
While compound silage feed, green and rough feeds etc..The key issue that concentrated feed amount is difficult to reduce is the deficiency of protein raw materials.The present invention
The ramie grass block of offer, not only make use of complete stool, with yield higher, and coordinate alfalfa meal and vinasse, its crude protein to contain
Amount is able to maintain that in 12%-15% the protein content with concentrated feed is approached.It is limited to its fiber content higher and there may be portion
Divide ANFs, experiment shows to feed ramie grass block according to the amount of beef cattle weight 1.5%~2%, is not reducing beef cattle production
On the premise of performance, 30%~50% protein sources in alternative concentrated feed, and alternative 20%~30% forage, so as to reach
To the purpose for significantly reducing aquaculture cost.Ramie grass block saves the general characteristic of ramie leaf, the list because of it with high level
It is peaceful to wait material, the resistance of beef cattle and the local flavor of beef can be improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 compares for " Zhongsizhu No.1 " ramie with clover conventional ingredient；
Accompanying drawing 2 is the comparing of different parts ramie raw materials nutritional ingredient；
Accompanying drawing 3 is the method and conventional cultivation of the ramie grass block described in three case study on implementation and its cultivation beef cattle to fattening period
The comparative test result of beef cattle daily gain influence, wherein 1,2,3 groups of experiment is implemented according to the methods described of embodiment 1,2,3 respectively,
Conventional cultivation method is to be cultivated using the concentrate supplement+rice straw for accounting for its body weight 1.5%).
Specific embodiment
The raw materials such as ramie, starch (pre-gelatinized starch), vinasse, salt, propionic acid, alfalfa meal that the present invention is previously mentioned, are
Conventional production is obtained, and can be bought in market.As described below is only preferable case study on implementation of the invention, and limit is not constituted to the present invention
System, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc., should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
It is the horse animal husbandry of the Changsha ten thousand scientific and technological limited public affairs of machinery that the equipment of ramie grass block compacting selection is carried out in following case study on implementation
The YK90-2 model hay pelleter groups of production are taken charge of, power is 30kw, 0.8~1.0t/h of production capacity, compact dimensions are 32 ×
32×(50-120)mm.Cutting machine is general stalk cutting machine, it is necessary to meet cutting dynamics in≤3.5cm.Test site is in lake
Southern province's Changsha Wangcheng area country germplasm Changsha ramie garden.Experiment beef breed used is male Xia Nanniu feeder cattles, inchoate aspect
Weight 250kg.Concentrate supplement receives beef ox fattening material using Puri.
Embodiment 1
1. when " Zhongsizhu No.1 " ramie plant height reaches 80cm, the complete stool for obtaining is cradled.Through stalk crasher, it is crushed to
The fragment of≤3.5cm, dries.The raw material of drying is clutched, raw material sends clear and melodious sound when clenching, can not after opening hand
It is agglomerating, and scatter rapidly, showing that ramie raw materials water content has reached requirement, detection data is 28.7%.Afterwards, accounted for according to weight
Than the ramie raw materials for 90%, 3% starch, 1.65% vinasse, 0.25% propionic acid, 0.1% salt and 5% clover
Powder, after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, grass block is pressed into weed breaker, and detection density is 521.4kg/m3。
2. 1 is compared according to clear water and ramie grass block weight with spilling kettle or sprayer:Clear water is uniformly sprayed at grass block by 10 amount
Surface, after standing 10min, is manually beaten with wooden stick etc., most of grass block is scattered.
3. in the morning 6 are distinguished after dividing equally according to the amount of beef cattle weight 0.5%:00 and afternoon 16:30 feed conventional fine fodder mends
Charge, feeds ramie grass block, and feed dry rice straw according to the amount for accounting for its body weight 1.5%~2% according to the amount of beef cattle weight 2%.
Other same conventional methods of management such as drinking-water, motion.
Embodiment 2
1. when " middle ramie 2 " ramie plant height reaches 180cm, the complete stool for obtaining is cradled.Shelled using machine for peeling ramie
System, after extracting bast fiber, collects sesame slices, the accessory substance such as boon, chooses except remaining in pockets of bast fiber.Accessory substance is fed
Stalk crasher, is crushed to≤the fragment of 3.5cm, dries.The raw material of drying is clutched, raw material sends clear and melodious sound when clenching
Sound, can not be agglomerating after opening hand, and scatters rapidly, shows that ramie raw materials water content has reached requirement, and detection data is
26.0%.Afterwards, according to the ramie raw materials that weight accounting is 95%, 2% starch, 1% vinasse, 0.35% propionic acid,
0.2% salt and 1.45% alfalfa meal, after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, grass block are pressed into weed breaker, and detection density is
560.4kg/m3。
2. 2 are compared according to clear water and ramie grass block weight with spilling kettle or sprayer:Clear water is uniformly sprayed at grass block by 10 amount
Surface, after standing 15min, is manually beaten with wooden stick etc., most of grass block is scattered.
3. in the morning 7 are distinguished after dividing equally according to the amount of beef cattle weight 0.75%:00 and afternoon 17:30 feed conventional fine fodder mends
Charge, feeds ramie grass block, and feed dry wheat according to the amount for accounting for its body weight 1.5%~2% according to the amount of beef cattle weight 1.5%
Straw.Other same conventional methods of management such as drinking-water, motion.
Embodiment 3
1. when " Zhongsizhu No.1 " ramie plant height reaches 130cm, the complete stool for obtaining is cradled, ramie base portion is cut off with chopper
The black stalks of 40cm.Dry during to water content 50%~60%, complete stool straw-feeding pulverizer is crushed to the≤fragment of 3.5cm.Will
Raw material straw-feeding dryer, drying to water content 25%.Afterwards, according to the ramie raw materials that weight accounting is 92%, 2.5%
Starch, 3% vinasse, 0.5% propionic acid, 0.15% salt and 1.85% alfalfa meal, after being sufficiently mixed uniformly, with pressure grass
Machine is pressed into grass block, and detection density is 587.6kg/m3。
2. 1.5 are compared according to clear water and ramie grass block weight with spilling kettle or sprayer:Clear water is uniformly sprayed at grass by 10 amount
Block surface, after standing 12min, is manually beaten with wooden stick etc., most of grass block is scattered.
3. according to the amount of beef cattle weight 0.60%, after being divided into three parts of weight accounting 30%, 20% and 50%, respectively in morning
Upper 6:00th, noon 12:00 and afternoon 18:30 feed conventional concentrate supplement, and ramie grass is fed according to the amount of beef cattle weight 1.7%
Block, and feed dry rice straw according to the amount for accounting for its body weight 1.5%~2%.Other same conventional methods of management such as drinking-water, motion.
The ramie grass block of present invention offer and its method for cultivation beef cattle are can be seen that from the data of accompanying drawing 3, with conventional cultivation
Method is compared, and the daily gain and end of term body weight of beef cattle are not significantly different from, and slightly higher.On cost, instead of due to it >=
50% concentrate supplement and 20% forage, therefore significantly reduce aquaculture cost.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ramie grass block, it is characterised in that by weight percentage, includes 90%~95% ramie raw materials, 2%~
3% starch, 1%~3% air-dried vinasse, 0.25%~0.5% propionic acid, 0.1%~0.2% salt and 1%~5%
Alfalfa meal, be pressed into bulk after mixing, described ramie raw materials are moisture 25%~30%, be crushed to length≤
Accessory substance after the ramie plant or decorticating raw ramie of 3.5cm.
2. a kind of ramie grass block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described starch is pre-gelatinized cornstarch.
3. a kind of ramie grass block according to claim 1, it is characterised in that grass block pressed density is 500~600kg/m3。
4. the method that beef cattle is cultivated using the ramie grass block described in claim 1, it is characterised in that be soaked including grass block, fed
With supplementary feeding step, it is than 1~2 according to clear water with above-mentioned ramie grass block weight that the grass block is soaked:10 amount uniformly sprays clear water
Grass block surface is sprinkled upon, after standing 10~15min, is beaten to diameter≤4cm fragments with external force, described feeding is daily every meat
Ox feeds the ramie grass block for accounting for its amount of body weight 1.5%~2%, and described supplementary feeding accounts for its body weight for daily every beef cattle feeds
The concentrate supplement of 0.5%~0.75% amount and account for the blue or green roughage of its amount of body weight 1.5%~2%.
5. the method that utilization ramie grass block according to claim 4 cultivates beef cattle, it is characterised in that the object of feeding is to educate
Fertile phase beef cattle.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107525359A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-29 | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院 | A kind of oat green hay furnace drying method |
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