CN111955611A - Method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems - Google Patents
Method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems, and belongs to the technical field of mulberry stem processing. The invention comprises the following steps: s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: mixing cellulase, pectinase, ligninase, phytase, Lactobacillus plantarum, Clostridium butyricum, rice wine, rice water and pyroligneous liquor uniformly for later use; s2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, and dehydrating until the water content is 40-50% for later use; s3, processing auxiliary materials: comprises mulberry leaf treatment, mulberry treatment, cassia leaf treatment, sugar palm treatment and mango treatment; s4, fermenting the feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stems and auxiliary materials, adding biological fermentation liquor, uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, filling the fermentation tank, and covering a cover for fermentation to obtain the cattle and sheep feed. The invention can recycle a large amount of mulberry stems, and the prepared cattle and sheep feed has rich nutrition and good palatability.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of mulberry stalk processing, and particularly relates to a method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stalks.
[ background of the invention ]
The feed commonly used in cattle and sheep breeding can be roughly divided into coarse feed and concentrated feed, wherein the coarse feed refers to feed which has the natural moisture content of below 60 percent in the feed and the crude fiber content of dry matter of equal to or higher than 18 percent and is fed in an air-dried form, such as pasture, crop straws, vinasse and the like. At present, many farmers can choose to make silage as coarse feed to feed cattle and sheep, and the silage is usually prepared by cutting forage grass or crop straws such as corn straws and the like, sealing and fermenting.
At present, the mulberry silkworm industry in China is greatly developed, the breeding of mulberry silkworms is also one of the traditional industries in Guangxi, and the quantity of mulberry branches cut by silkworm raisers for breeding mulberry silkworms is huge every year. For a long time, mulberry farmers usually prune mulberry stems and then burn or discard the mulberry stems, which wastes resources, pollutes the environment and also causes fire disasters.
In the planting of mulberries, mulberries are also a by-product with economic benefits. Mulberries are generally ripe and harvested in 4-6 months every year, and the ripe mulberries are oily, sour, sweet and palatable, and are preferably big, thick in meat and black in color. The ripe mulberry can be picked as a fruit for eating and can also be used as a Chinese medicinal material. If the surface color of the mulberry is red, which indicates that the maturation period is not yet reached, the mulberry is sour and astringent in taste and difficult to swallow and is not suitable for eating if picked at the moment. However, according to observation and research, many mulberries often have too many fruits, so that the mulberries are overwhelmed, and a large amount of immature fruits fall off due to insufficient nutrition supply; in addition, if the mulberry leaves are in windy weather, the new and old mulberries can be shaken to fall into the mulberry field, and fall into the ground layer of mulberry red Tong and black presswork, so that the mulberry red Tong and black presswork can not be eaten, other recycling ways are not needed, and a great amount of resources are wasted.
Therefore, if mulberry branches, immature mulberries, mulberry leaves and the like can be developed into cattle and sheep feed, the feed can provide support for the development of cattle and sheep breeding industry, can fully recycle resources, and has very important significance and value.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: weighing 1.0-1.5 parts of cellulase, 0.5-1.0 part of pectinase, 0.1-0.5 part of ligninase, 0.1-0.5 part of phytase, 1.0-2.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5-1.5 parts of clostridium butyricum, 10-20 parts of rice wine, 30-50 parts of rice water and 5-10 parts of pyroligneous liquor in parts by weight; mixing the above components to obtain biological fermentation liquid;
s2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, and dehydrating until the water content is 40-50% for later use;
s3, processing auxiliary materials:
and (3) mulberry leaf treatment: dehydrating folium Mori to water content of 60-70%, and chopping;
and (3) mulberry treatment: after the mulberries bear fruits, collecting the mulberries falling off from the fruits, drying until the water content is less than 15%, and crushing for later use;
processing the cassia leaves: picking fresh folium Cinnamomi, and mashing into folium Cinnamomi residue;
sugar palm treatment: taking the medulla of the sugar palm, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain sugar palm powder for later use;
b, processing the miscanthus: harvesting fresh Chinese silvergrass, and chopping for later use;
s4, fermenting the feed: and (3) uniformly mixing the mulberry stems processed in the step (S2) and the auxiliary materials of the mulberry leaves, the mulberries, the cassia leaves, the sugar palm and the miscanthus sinensis processed in the step (S3) to obtain a mixture, adding the biological fermentation liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the mixture, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, and covering the fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain the cattle and sheep feed.
Further, in step S2, the length of the chopped mulberry stems is 0.5-1 cm.
Further, in step S2, the mulberry stems are cut up, dehydrated to a water content of 40-50%, and then soaked for 5-15 hours in a soaking solution prepared from salt, wood vinegar and water, and then dried to a water content of 30-40% for later use.
Further, in step S2, the soaking solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of wood vinegar and 90-100 parts of water.
Further, in step S3, the length of the chopped mulberry leaves and miscanthus sinensis is 1-2 cm.
Further, in step S3, the crushed mulberry and sugar palm have a particle size of 40-60 meshes.
Further, in step S3, the mulberries further include mulberries that fall off after ripening.
Further, in step S4, the raw materials used for preparing the cattle and sheep feed are as follows in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of mulberry stem, 10-20 parts of mulberry leaf, 5-10 parts of mulberry, 5-10 parts of cassia leaf, 1-3 parts of sugar palm, 5-10 parts of Chinese silvergrass and 2-5 parts of biological fermentation liquor.
Further, in step S4, the raw materials of the mixed material further include an additive, and the additive is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw material dry materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of carrot, 5-8 parts of sweet potato, 0.5-2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 3-5 parts of mango peel, 2-6 parts of walnut shell and 2-4 parts of urea; the addition amount of the additive is 3-5% of the total weight of the mixture. The additive used in the invention contains a large amount of nutrient substances and organic matters, and various free amino acids contained in the raw materials can promote fermentation, increase substance nutrients and improve the palatability of the feed.
Further, the auxiliary material also comprises silkworm excrement, and the silkworm excrement is used after being treated as follows: after impurities are removed from silkworm excrement by screening, soaking the silkworm excrement in a deodorizing solution for 30-60 s, taking out the silkworm excrement and draining the silkworm excrement; the silkworm excrement, the mulberry stems and other auxiliary materials are mixed together to obtain a mixture, and the addition amount of the silkworm excrement is 2-6% of the weight of the mixture; the preparation method of the smell removing liquid comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the wood vinegar liquid and the seawater, wherein the volume of the wood vinegar liquid is 3-8% of that of the seawater. The silkworm excrement has good medicinal value and nutritive value, and is added in the preparation process of the feed at present. However, since silkworm excrement is excrement of silkworms, the silkworm excrement is slightly peculiar before treatment, and the use effect is influenced by direct addition, so that the palatability of the feed is poor, and cattle and sheep have rejection feeling. The odor removing liquid is prepared by mixing seawater and wood vinegar according to a certain proportion, the components of the seawater are very complex, and the components with larger content comprise cations such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and the like, anions such as chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, bromide, fluoride and the like and boric acid molecules; meanwhile, the beverage also contains other special component substances. After the silkworm excrement is pretreated by using the odor removing liquid obtained by compounding seawater with the pyroligneous liquid, the original odor of the silkworm excrement can be completely removed, the hardness of the silkworm excrement is properly reduced, and the palatability of the silkworm excrement can be effectively improved after fermentation.
The wood vinegar liquid is wood vinegar liquid after tar is removed, the content of the tar is within 3 percent, and food-grade wood vinegar liquid or medical-grade wood vinegar liquid can be selected.
Has the advantages that:
the invention utilizes mulberry stems to prepare the feed for cattle and sheep, and can recover a large amount of mulberry stems. The mulberry stem is rich in various nutrient substances such as cellulose, crude protein and the like, and also contains 16 mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, selenium and the like, so that the mulberry stem is rich in nutrition. However, the mulberry stem structurally comprises a xylem part, a phloem part and a pith part, so that the palatability of the mulberry stem is not good. The added mulberry has certain medicinal value and contains rich nutrient components, and the mulberry is immature mulberry and has not good taste, so that the problem can be solved after the mulberry is mixed with other raw and auxiliary materials and fermented, and resources can be recycled. The added bay leaves can generate special fragrance after fermentation, and the taste is improved. The sugar palm added in the invention is a special product in Guangxi, can properly regulate intestines and stomach of cattle and sheep after fermentation, promotes growth, has certain viscosity after fermentation with other raw materials, and can coordinate the problem that the taste of other raw materials is too hard.
The prepared biological fermentation liquid contains different enzymes and bacteria, and the main materials and the auxiliary materials used by the invention are more, and the components of each raw material are different, the enzymes and the flora formed by the prepared biological fermentation liquid are added according to the characteristics of each raw material, each raw and auxiliary material is fully decomposed by each enzyme, and simultaneously, the biological fermentation liquid is matched with rice wine, rice water and wood vinegar liquid, so that the fermentation pH value can be properly reduced, the beneficial flora can be promoted to grow quickly, each raw and auxiliary material can be rapidly fermented by the biological fermentation liquid, the acid content is increased, the growth of harmful flora is inhibited, the fermentation effect is improved, the raw materials can be greatly reserved, and the nutrient content of the feed can be increased.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: weighing 1.2 parts of cellulase, 0.7 part of pectinase, 0.3 part of ligninase, 0.2 part of phytase, 1.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 1 part of clostridium butyricum, 15 parts of rice wine, 40 parts of rice water and 8 parts of pyroligneous; mixing the above components to obtain biological fermentation liquid.
S2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, wherein the chopped mulberry stems are 0.5-1cm in length, chopping the mulberry stems, dehydrating the chopped mulberry stems until the water content is 45%, and soaking the mulberry stems for 10 hours by using a soaking solution, wherein the soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7 parts of salt, 3 parts of pyroligneous and 95 parts of water, and drying the mulberry stems after soaking until the water content is 35% for later use.
S3, processing auxiliary materials:
and (3) mulberry leaf treatment: dehydrating folium Mori to water content of 65%, and chopping;
and (3) mulberry treatment: after the mulberries bear fruits, collecting the mulberries falling off in the immature state and the mulberries falling off in the mature state, drying until the water content is about 12%, and crushing for later use;
processing the cassia leaves: picking fresh folium Cinnamomi, and mashing into folium Cinnamomi residue;
sugar palm treatment: taking the medulla of the sugar palm, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain sugar palm powder for later use;
b, processing the miscanthus: harvesting fresh Chinese silvergrass, and chopping for later use;
the length of the chopped mulberry leaves and miscanthus is 1-2 cm;
the particle size of the crushed mulberry and sugar palm is 40 meshes.
S4, fermenting the feed: and (3) uniformly mixing the mulberry stems processed in the step (S2) and the auxiliary materials of the mulberry leaves, the mulberries, the cassia leaves, the sugar palm and the miscanthus sinensis processed in the step (S3) to obtain a mixture, adding the biological fermentation liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the mixture, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, covering the fermentation tank with a cover after the fermentation tank is filled with the fermentation material, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the cattle and sheep feed.
The raw materials used for preparing the cattle and sheep feed are as follows in parts by weight: 75 parts of mulberry stem, 15 parts of mulberry leaf, 7 parts of mulberry, 8 parts of cassia leaf, 2 parts of sugar palm, 8 parts of miscanthus and 3.5 parts of biological fermentation liquid.
The raw materials of the mixture also comprise an additive, and the additive is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw material dry materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of carrot, 6 parts of sweet potato, 1 part of folium artemisiae argyi, 4 parts of mango peel, 4 parts of walnut shell and 3 parts of urea; the addition amount of the additive is 4 percent of the total weight of the mixture; the additive is added and mixed with other auxiliary materials.
The auxiliary material also comprises silkworm excrement, and the silkworm excrement is used after being treated as follows: removing impurities from faeces Bombycis, soaking in deodorizing solution for 40s, taking out, and draining; mixing the silkworm excrement, mulberry stems and other auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the addition amount of the silkworm excrement is 4% of the weight of the mixture; the preparation method of the smell removing liquid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing wood vinegar with seawater, wherein the volume of the wood vinegar is 5% of that of the seawater.
Example 2
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: weighing 1.0 part of cellulase, 0.5 part of pectinase, 0.1 part of ligninase, 0.1 part of phytase, 1.0 part of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5 part of clostridium butyricum, 10 parts of rice wine, 30 parts of rice water and 5 parts of pyroligneous; mixing the above components to obtain biological fermentation liquid.
S2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, wherein the chopped mulberry stems are 0.5-1cm in length, chopping the mulberry stems, dehydrating the chopped mulberry stems until the water content is 40%, and soaking the mulberry stems for 15 hours by using a soaking solution, wherein the soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of salt, 1 part of pyroligneous and 90 parts of water, and drying the mulberry stems after soaking until the water content is 30% for later use.
S3, processing auxiliary materials:
and (3) mulberry leaf treatment: dehydrating folium Mori to water content of 60%, and chopping;
and (3) mulberry treatment: after the mulberries bear fruits, collecting the mulberries falling off in the immature state and the mulberries falling off in the mature state, drying until the water content is less than 15%, and crushing for later use;
processing the cassia leaves: picking fresh folium Cinnamomi, and mashing into folium Cinnamomi residue;
sugar palm treatment: taking the medulla of the sugar palm, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain sugar palm powder for later use;
b, processing the miscanthus: harvesting fresh Chinese silvergrass, and chopping for later use;
the length of the chopped mulberry leaves and miscanthus is 1-2 cm;
the particle size of the crushed mulberry and sugar palm is 60 meshes.
S4, fermenting the feed: and (3) uniformly mixing the mulberry stems processed in the step (S2) and the auxiliary materials of the mulberry leaves, the mulberries, the cassia leaves, the sugar palm and the miscanthus sinensis processed in the step (S3) to obtain a mixture, adding the biological fermentation liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the mixture, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, covering the fermentation tank with a cover after the fermentation tank is filled with the fermentation material, and fermenting for 20 days to obtain the cattle and sheep feed.
The raw materials used for preparing the cattle and sheep feed are as follows in parts by weight: 70 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of mulberry leaf, 5 parts of mulberry, 5 parts of cassia leaf, 1 part of sugar palm, 5 parts of miscanthus and 2 parts of biological fermentation liquid.
The raw materials of the mixture also comprise an additive, and the additive is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw material dry materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of carrot, 5 parts of sweet potato, 0.5 part of folium artemisiae argyi, 3 parts of mango peel, 2 parts of walnut shell and 2 parts of urea; the addition amount of the additive is 3 percent of the total weight of the mixture; the additive is added and mixed with other auxiliary materials.
The auxiliary material also comprises silkworm excrement, and the silkworm excrement is used after being treated as follows: removing impurities from faeces Bombycis, soaking in deodorizing solution for 30s, taking out, and draining; mixing the silkworm excrement, mulberry stems and other auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the addition amount of the silkworm excrement is 2% of the weight of the mixture; the preparation method of the smell removing liquid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing wood vinegar with seawater, wherein the volume of the wood vinegar is 3% of that of the seawater.
Example 3
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: weighing 1.5 parts of cellulase, 1.0 part of pectinase, 0.5 part of ligninase, 0.5 part of phytase, 2.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 1.5 parts of clostridium butyricum, 20 parts of rice wine, 50 parts of rice water and 10 parts of pyroligneous; mixing the above components to obtain biological fermentation liquid.
S2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, wherein the chopped mulberry stems are 0.5-1cm in length, chopping the mulberry stems, dehydrating the chopped mulberry stems until the water content is 50%, and soaking the mulberry stems for 5 hours by using a soaking solution, wherein the soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of salt, 5 parts of pyroligneous and 100 parts of water, and drying the mulberry stems after soaking until the water content is 40% for later use.
S3, processing auxiliary materials:
and (3) mulberry leaf treatment: dehydrating folium Mori to water content of 70%, and chopping;
and (3) mulberry treatment: after the mulberries bear fruits, collecting the mulberries falling off in the immature state and the mulberries falling off in the mature state, drying until the water content is less than 15%, and crushing for later use;
processing the cassia leaves: picking fresh folium Cinnamomi, and mashing into folium Cinnamomi residue;
sugar palm treatment: taking the medulla of the sugar palm, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain sugar palm powder for later use;
b, processing the miscanthus: harvesting fresh Chinese silvergrass, and chopping for later use;
the length of the chopped mulberry leaves and miscanthus is 1-2 cm;
the particle size of the crushed mulberry and sugar palm is 40 meshes.
S4, fermenting the feed: and (3) uniformly mixing the mulberry stems processed in the step (S2) and the auxiliary materials of the mulberry leaves, the mulberries, the cassia leaves, the sugar palm and the miscanthus sinensis processed in the step (S3) to obtain a mixture, adding the biological fermentation liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the mixture, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, covering the fermentation tank with a cover after the fermentation tank is filled with the fermentation material, and fermenting for 25 days to obtain the cattle and sheep feed.
The raw materials used for preparing the cattle and sheep feed are as follows in parts by weight: 80 parts of mulberry stem, 20 parts of mulberry leaf, 10 parts of mulberry, 10 parts of cassia leaf, 3 parts of sugar palm, 10 parts of miscanthus and 5 parts of biological fermentation liquid.
The raw materials of the mixture also comprise an additive, and the additive is prepared by crushing and mixing the following raw material dry materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of carrot, 8 parts of sweet potato, 2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 5 parts of mango peel, 6 parts of walnut shell and 4 parts of urea; the addition amount of the additive is 5 percent of the total weight of the mixture; the additive is added and mixed with other auxiliary materials.
The auxiliary material also comprises silkworm excrement, and the silkworm excrement is used after being treated as follows: removing impurities from faeces Bombycis, soaking in deodorizing solution for 60s, taking out, and draining; mixing the silkworm excrement, mulberry stems and other auxiliary materials to obtain a mixture, wherein the addition amount of the silkworm excrement is 6% of the weight of the mixture; the preparation method of the smell removing liquid comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing wood vinegar with seawater, wherein the volume of the wood vinegar is 8% of the volume of the seawater.
Example 4
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: the raw materials of the mix do not include additives.
Example 5
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: the silkworm excrement in the auxiliary materials is directly used without being treated by the odor removing liquid.
Example 6
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: the mulberry stems are not treated by the soaking solution.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: the biological fermentation liquid does not contain rice wine, rice water and wood vinegar.
Comparative example 2
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: cellulase, phytase and Clostridium butyricum are not included in the biological fermentation broth.
Comparative example 3
A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems, which is basically the same as the example 1, except that: the auxiliary materials do not comprise sugar palm and cinnamon leaf.
The cattle and sheep feeds of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were taken, the crude protein, crude fat content and energy were detected, and the contents of the above components in the material before fermentation were compared, the results were as follows: the crude protein, crude fat content and energy loss rate of the cattle and sheep feed obtained in the embodiment 1 are all below 3%; the loss rate of crude protein, crude fat and energy of the cattle and sheep feed obtained in the comparative example 1 is 16-20%; the loss rate of crude protein, crude fat and energy of the cattle and sheep feed obtained in the comparative example 2 is 13-15%.
The cattle and sheep feeds of example 1, example 4, example 5, example 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were fed to the same batch of young cattle of the same individual weight without disease, 20 cattle per group, and the feeding environment was the same. The prepared cattle and sheep feed is added into each group three times a day, the amount of the feed added into the cattle and sheep each time is the same, the cattle and sheep are fed for two months, and statistical relevant data during the period are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: the values in Table 1 are the average values for each group. The palatability described in table 1 was evaluated in terms of the time taken for each meal, which is preferably within 30min, more preferably 30-40 min, less preferably 40-50 min, and less than 60 min. The daily feed intake described in table 1 is the feed for cattle and sheep fed daily, and the feed consumed by calves is the percentage of the total feed intake.
From the data in table 1, it is understood that when the cattle and sheep feed of example 1 is used for feeding, the feed has good palatability, the feed intake is large, and the weight of calves increases rapidly. Example 4 the weight gain was slightly reduced due to the absence of additives. In example 5, since the silkworm excrement is not deodorized by using the deodorizing liquid, the peculiar smell of the silkworm excrement is increased after the feed is fermented, the final palatability of the feed is reduced, and the feed intake is reduced. Example 6 since the mulberry stems were not soaked, the palatability thereof was inferior to that of example 1, and thus the food intake was decreased and the weight gain was decreased. Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 resulted in a change in the fermentation effect of the feed due to a change in the composition of the biological fermentation broth, eventually resulting in a decrease in palatability and food intake. The auxiliary materials of the comparative example 3 are removed of the sugar palm and the cinnamon leaves, so that the palatability and the nutrient content of the final feed are reduced, and the feed intake and the weight of the small cattle are greatly reduced. In summary, the final technical effect can be achieved by the mutual matching of the components and the steps.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by utilizing mulberry stems is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of biological fermentation liquid: weighing 1.0-1.5 parts of cellulase, 0.5-1.0 part of pectinase, 0.1-0.5 part of ligninase, 0.1-0.5 part of phytase, 1.0-2.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 0.5-1.5 parts of clostridium butyricum, 10-20 parts of rice wine, 30-50 parts of rice water and 5-10 parts of pyroligneous liquor in parts by weight; mixing the above components to obtain biological fermentation liquid;
s2, mulberry stem treatment: chopping mulberry stems, and dehydrating until the water content is 40-50% for later use;
s3, processing auxiliary materials:
and (3) mulberry leaf treatment: dehydrating folium Mori to water content of 60-70%, and chopping;
and (3) mulberry treatment: after the mulberries bear fruits, collecting the mulberries falling off from the fruits, drying until the water content is less than 15%, and crushing for later use;
processing the cassia leaves: picking fresh folium Cinnamomi, and mashing into folium Cinnamomi residue;
sugar palm treatment: taking the medulla of the sugar palm, drying in the sun, and crushing to obtain sugar palm powder for later use;
b, processing the miscanthus: harvesting fresh Chinese silvergrass, and chopping for later use;
s4, fermenting the feed: and (3) uniformly mixing the mulberry stems processed in the step (S2) and the auxiliary materials of the mulberry leaves, the mulberries, the cassia leaves, the sugar palm and the miscanthus sinensis processed in the step (S3) to obtain a mixture, adding the biological fermentation liquid prepared in the step (S1) into the mixture, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermentation material, transferring the fermentation material into a fermentation tank, compacting, and covering the fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain the cattle and sheep feed.
2. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S2, the length of the chopped mulberry stems is 0.5-1 cm.
3. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S2, the mulberry stems are cut up, dehydrated to the water content of 40-50%, soaked for 5-15 hours by using a soaking solution which is prepared from salt, wood vinegar and water, and dried to the water content of 30-40% for later use.
4. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 3, which comprises the following steps: in step S2, the soak solution is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of wood vinegar and 90-100 parts of water.
5. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S3, the length of the chopped mulberry leaves and miscanthus sinensis is 1-2 cm.
6. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S3, the particle size of the crushed mulberry and sugar palm is 40-60 meshes.
7. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S3, the mulberries further include mulberries that fall off after ripening.
8. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S4, the raw materials used for preparing the cattle and sheep feed are as follows in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of mulberry stem, 10-20 parts of mulberry leaf, 5-10 parts of mulberry, 5-10 parts of cassia leaf, 1-3 parts of sugar palm, 5-10 parts of Chinese silvergrass and 2-5 parts of biological fermentation liquor.
9. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in step S4, the raw materials of the mixture further include an additive, and the additive is prepared by pulverizing and mixing the following raw material dry materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of carrot, 5-8 parts of sweet potato, 0.5-2 parts of folium artemisiae argyi, 3-5 parts of mango peel, 2-6 parts of walnut shell and 2-4 parts of urea; the addition amount of the additive is 3-5% of the total weight of the mixture.
10. The method for preparing cattle and sheep feed by using mulberry stems as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the auxiliary material also comprises silkworm excrement, and the silkworm excrement is used after being treated as follows: after impurities are removed from silkworm excrement by screening, soaking the silkworm excrement in a deodorizing solution for 30-60 s, taking out the silkworm excrement and draining the silkworm excrement; the silkworm excrement, the mulberry stems and other auxiliary materials are mixed together to obtain a mixture, and the addition amount of the silkworm excrement is 2-6% of the weight of the mixture; the preparation method of the smell removing liquid comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the wood vinegar liquid and the seawater, wherein the volume of the wood vinegar liquid is 3-8% of that of the seawater.
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