CN105995042A - Method for preparing ramie ensilage feed - Google Patents
Method for preparing ramie ensilage feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN105995042A CN105995042A CN201610471920.0A CN201610471920A CN105995042A CN 105995042 A CN105995042 A CN 105995042A CN 201610471920 A CN201610471920 A CN 201610471920A CN 105995042 A CN105995042 A CN 105995042A
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- ensilage
- boehmeria
- ramie
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing ramie ensilage feed. The method comprises steps of preparation of a fermentation liquid and preparation of ensilage feed. With the adoption of a suitable cultivation method, compound lactobacillus flora more beneficial to ensilage of a ramie by-product, namely, ensilage is cultivated within short time and is blended with crop straw such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk and the like which are the easiest to obtain in a ramie production region to form ensilage feed with comprehensive and rich nutrients, efficient ensilage of fresh ramie plants is realized, the ensilage time is remarkably shortened, loss of nutrients is reduced, the feed quality is improved, and the method is applicable to yearly production and use of the ramie ensilage feed. The ramie ensilage feed prepared with the method can reduce consumption of concentrated feed by 25% and can effectively improve the beef quality without reducing the production performance of beef.
Description
Technical field
The invention of a kind of Boehmeria young stem and leaf peplos ensilage and processing method thereof relates to plant-eating animal high-quality feed raw material
Technical field.
Background technology
Boehmeria (Boehmeria nivea L.) is the perennial root herbaceous plant of Urticaceae Section of Genus Boehmeria, is excellent
Phloem fiber crop, its young stem and leaf is the albumen feedstuff crop of high-quality.The nutritive value of Boehmeria young stem and leaf and " gold herbage "
Herba Medicaginis is close, is the herbage raw material of high-quality.The biological characteristics of Boehmeria also makes Boehmeria have the biggest as protein feeds exploitation
Advantage.Boehmeria annidation is strong, and biological yield is big, also can grow well under hot and humid weather conditions.At me
State south, due to summer high temperature high humidity, is not suitable for Planting Medicago sativa, but plantation Boehmeria can obtain the highest biological yield.China's agriculture
Boehmeria young stem and leaf hay varieties " Zhongsizhu No.1 " that industry academy of science crudefiber crop institute selects grows vigorous, sends out the root and stem of certain plants and Regenerated energy
Power is strong, and early growth is fast, the most several times a year gathers in, year biological yield high.This kind blade is many, and stem stalk is thin, and leaf-stem ratio is big, makees
Yield component for feedstuff is relatively more reasonable, and kind is of high nutritive value." gold herbage " Herba Medicaginis (being shown in Table 1) with the north
Compare, " Zhongsizhu No.1 " young tender plant siccative of plant height 65cm harvesting: in terms of nutritional quality, crude protein, crude fat, calcium contain
The indexs such as amount are the highest, and coarse-fibred content is relatively low, and nutritive value is more excellent；In terms of yield, " Zhongsizhu No.1 " year dry
Matter yield is higher than 1.2 tons/mu, is significantly higher than Herba Medicaginis；In terms of Production Zones Suitable, it is not suitable with hot and humid characteristic not with Herba Medicaginis
With, Boehmeria happiness warms, moistens, and the damp and hot weather in south is especially suitable for Ramie Growth.Therefore ramie feed is south China high-quality
Herbage and the desirable feedstock of albumen feedstuff.
Table 1 Zhongsizhu No.1 compares with Herba Medicaginis conventional ingredient
The research that Boehmeria feeds beef cattle and milch cow as feedstuff shows, feeds siccative 3-4 kg/day, can substitute 50% left
Right concentrate.In milch cow test, substitute the concentrate of about 50% with Boehmeria siccative, and milk yield and Milk quality are not had shadow
Ring.
The Livestocks such as beef cattle, milch cow, meat sheep be Modern Animal Husbandry development emphasis, these animals based on grass, not with
People strives grain, is " grain-saving type " industry.And the herbage that south China is extensively planted is based on gramineous crop, good quality and high output adaptability
Strong herbage is little, especially extremely lacks with high-quality protein herbage, is unfavorable for the high-speed and high-efficiency development of south " grain-saving type " animal husbandry.
" Zhongsizhu No.1 ", as south characteristic forage crop, compensate for south China scarcity high yield, the deficiency of high-quality protein herbage.Push away
Extensive farming plants feeding Boehmeria, is beneficial to south development " grain-saving type " animal husbandry, and can improve livestock products yield and quality.
Boehmeria makees the maximum advantage of feedstuff and is to utilize the characteristic of its high protein, high yield, reaches cost-saving synergistic, promotion
The purpose of agricultural industry institutional adjustment.The Boehmeria grass meal content of Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences's research and development reaches more than 30%
Complete compound granular feed, is applied respectively in meat goose, steer ration, and significantly reduces feed grain consumption, and thinks sharp
Making good use of Boehmeria and producing Plant protein feed raw material is the basic of its industry development.
In south, owing to rain heat is with season weather, gathers in the crops in the way of ensiling, store and feed forage crop, be
A kind of generally prolongation herbage supply cycle, the measure of raising pasture utilization efficiency.Although Boehmeria young stem and leaf feedstuff protein content is high,
But due to its crude fibre, crude ash content height, energy is relatively low.Boehmeria young stem and leaf feedstuff is identical with Herba Medicaginis, due to its nutritional labeling
High protein, high-moisture, the characteristic of low soluble-carbohydrate, high protein content improves its pH resiliency, at ensilage
Middle pH decrease speed is the slowest, may result in acidity on the low side, easily causes butyric acid to ferment.Soluble-carbohydrate (WSC) is too low, unfavorable
In sufficient lactate fermentation, pH value reduces theory calls.
At present, Boehmeria ensilage is modulated, mainly by being passed through by the by-product after Boehmeria Herb, stem and leaf or decorticating raw ramie
After dry in the sun, the crop material higher with other water-soluble carbohydrate contents, such as corn stalk, rice straw etc., according to a certain percentage
Mixing, the lactic acid bacteria fermentation utilizing nature to be attached on plant residue is made.Due in ramie raw materials in Boehmeria ensilage
Plant rennet and the effect of microbial protease so that a large amount of true albumen in Boehmeria is broken down into non-protein nitrogen so that it is no
Only it is not easy ensiling and energy is relatively low, and non-protein nitrogen finally synthesizes urinary nitrogen discharge body through rumen-undegradable effect
Outward, the serious waste of nitrogen is caused.
It addition, Boehmeria is after dry in the sun, its chlorophyll, vitamin, chlorogenic acid, Flavonoid substances etc. are at high light, high temperature
By heavy damage under effect, the effect of its due further raising animal immunizing power and animal product quality is also by serious
Impact.Therefore, the most effectively utilizing the fresh strain of Boehmeria, improve its silage effect, significantly reducing proteinic nitrogen loss is to improve Boehmeria green grass or young crops
The important measures of storage food utilization efficiency.But have not yet to see relevant report.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the dynamic situation of change of cultivation fattening period summer south cattle 0-150d average daily gain utilizing the present invention to prepare.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Boehmeria ensilage modulator approach, the method may utilize the fresh strain of Boehmeria and
His crop material modulates ensilage, and reaches fresh strain and improve silage effect, improve ensilage nutritive value, reduce ensiling
Material proteinic nitrogen palliating degradation degree, raising ensilage Effective degradability, the purpose of reduction processing cost.
The Boehmeria ensilage modulator approach technical scheme that the present invention provides is as follows:
1. prepared by fermentation liquid: be 0.30-0.50 part sucrose, 0.20-0.30 part corn starch, 0.30-0.50 by weight portion
Part Semen sojae atricolor powder, 0.05-0.10 part carbamide, 0.02-0.025 part cellulase, 0.015-0.025 part pectase, 0.01-0.02 part
Xylanase and 0.05-0.08 part Sal are dissolved in the room temperature clear water of 15-20 part；Fresh Boehmeria by weight portion 1-1.5 part
The tender tip is sheared to 0.5-1cm fragment (sheet), wraps up in envelope with nylon net bag or Coarse Mesh Gauze, immerses in above-mentioned solution, and with formic acid or food
PH to 4.2-4.5 is regulated with white rice vinegar.It is positioned over 12-16h at room temperature (20-30 DEG C), shading.
2. ensilage modulation: by the Boehmeria by-product after weight portion 45-50 part decorticating raw ramie or feeding Boehmeria Herb, no
Through dry in the sun, rapidly and weight portion 30-35 part air-dries rice straw or wheat straw, 8-12 part air-dries big beanstalk or Herba Medicaginis, 8-12 part half wind
Dry Semen Maydis or sweet sorghum stalk, pulverize or shear the fragment of extremely≤4cm, mix homogeneously with kneading machine.With above-mentioned fermentation liquid according to
The amount of weight ratio 1:400-500 is uniformly sprayed on ensilage, and wraps up in bag ensiling with plastic tensile film and seal 25-30d up for safekeeping.
The present invention utilizes sucrose, corn starch, Semen sojae atricolor powder, carbamide, formic acid and Sal to mix suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrition
The culture fluid of composition, has filtered out a matrix formulations being suitable to cultivate the composite flora promoting Boehmeria fermentation, Sal pair simultaneously
Preparation and the feed intake Boehmeria ensilage of fermentation liquid have promotion.With the tender tip of fresh Boehmeria inoculate, and utilize cellulase,
Pectase, the effect of xylanase, decompose a part of Boehmeria colloid and fiber, provides more rich cultivating for composite flora
While nutrient substance, also can strengthen the degraded of Ramie Stalk phloem fiber during ensiling, improve Boehmeria ensilage product further
Matter.Compound lactobacillus flora after cultivating simultaneously, microbial biomass is big, and in ensilage, effect is fast, effect is strong, lactic acid bacteria
Breeding rapidly, can dramatically speed up pH value fall off rate, suppress other harmful microbes to breed, and protease and microprotein
The activity of the materials such as enzyme, reduces the degraded of proteinic nitrogen.
The present invention provide Silaging method be to utilize the fresh stem and leaf of Boehmeria, coordinate rice straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, Herba Medicaginis, corn stalk or
Sugar grasses etc., according to suitable component proportion, modulate nutrition and more comprehensively, more effectively preserve the green grass or young crops of fresh Boehmeria nutritive peculiarity
Storage feedstuff.Several raw materials generally Boehmeria harvest season used and Boehmeria main producing region are easiest to the goods and materials obtained.As air-dried
Rice straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, corn stalk etc. half-dried after the alfalfa hay of other places allocation and transportation and results seed.Required raw material is general
Need not the extra dry in the sun place of processing enterprise, ramie planting enterprise and cost, ensilage processing enterprise can be significantly reduced
Production cost.The weight ratio ingredient that the present invention is taked, can be current green grass or young crops by the water content control of ensilage at 45%-65%
Storage technique optimum moisture content level, silage effect is good.
Ramie bast fiber intensity is relatively big, and the colloid viscosity contained by phloem is strong, thus causes ramie occur when mixing
Fiber crops material is united, is difficult to the problem scattered, in turn result in mix with other straws and fermentation liquid uneven, ferment effect is poor.This
The bright ensilage powder particle diameter taked is≤4cm, preferably 1.5-2cm.This is not only effectively controlled on pulverizing cost,
And beneficially the stirring of ensilage, stir, and the dispersion of Boehmeria material, improve silage effect.
Boehmeria ensilage of the prior art typically just can complete sweat through 40-50d.The present invention can be at 30d
Inside completing, the shortest only need 25d, fermentation time significantly shortens, and is not only effectively reduced the nutrient loss caused because of ammonification volatilization etc.,
And processing enterprise's ensilage output can be accelerated, increase the benefit.
Through the Boehmeria young stem and leaf feedstuff rubbed and other raw materials, to tie up through baler bundling that to become density be 480-
550kg/m3Bale, finally wrapped up in the bag special stretched film of layer 2-4 ensiling by coating machine.The ensilage of present invention modulation preserves year
Limit, up to more than 2 years, is suitable to Boehmeria ensilage whole year production and utilization.
The Boehmeria ensilage of present invention modulation is nutritious and equalizes, and has aroma tart flavour, and color and luster is green.Feeding into
During year plant-eating animal, directly can substitute the concentrate of more than 30% with dry ratio.Substituting maximum ratio will be according to different grass
Food animal and age determine.When feeding domestic animal at the beginning of ensiling Boehmeria young stem and leaf material, consumption is unsuitable excessive, should be gradually increased the amount of feeding.Blue or green
Bin stock contains a large amount of lactic acid and other organic acid, has laxative effective, it may be noted that particularly female and young animal when feeding.
Detailed description of the invention
The raw materials such as Boehmeria that the present invention is previously mentioned, carbamide, cellulase, are conventional production and obtain, can buy in market.
The following stated is only the preferable case study on implementation of the present invention, and the present invention is not intended that restriction.
Embodiment 1
It is Tianjin You Naite mechanical technique that the implementation case carries out the equipment of Boehmeria young stem and leaf ensiling bundling peplos selection
The herbage small-sized ensilage equipment of company limited, cutting machine is general straw cutting machine, it is necessary to meet cutting dynamics≤
4cm.Test site plants Boehmeria garden, matter Changsha in country of Wangcheng district, Changsha, Hunan.Utilize the by-product after Boehmeria head fiber crops decorticating
Modulation ensilage.
1. prepared by fermentation liquid: weigh 400g sucrose, 200g corn starch, 300g Semen sojae atricolor powder, 55g carbamide, 25g cellulose
Enzyme, 20g pectase, 15g part xylanase and 60g part Sal are dissolved in the tap water at normal temperature of 15kg, stir evenly.Results Boehmeria
The previous day at dusk, in Boehmeria garden, extract the young stem and leaf 1.5kg of Boehmeria taper 30cm, broken to 0.5-1cm by scissor cut
Block (sheet), wraps up in envelope with 40 mesh nylon net bags, keeps fragment to be in loose condition (of surface) in Nylon Bag.By wrapping up in, the tender tip of the Boehmeria sealed is broken
Sheet immerses in above-mentioned solution, and regulates pH to 4.5 with edible white rice vinegar, stirs 1-2min and makes it fully soak.It is positioned over indoor,
And with black cotton shading, stand.
2. ensilage modulation: results Boehmeria same day, fermentation liquid is to reach to deposit the requirement of 12h, fully after agitation uniformly
Boehmeria in reject mesh bag, and fermentation liquid is poured in aerosol apparatus.Collect the Boehmeria by-product after decorticating raw ramie, and will purchase
The corn stalk straw cutting machine that air-dried rice straw, alfalfa hay and half obtained air-dries is crushed to≤ensilage of 4cm, claim respectively
Taking 50kg Boehmeria by-product, 30kg rice straw, 10kg alfalfa hay and 10kg corn stalk, limit mixing change aerosol apparatus is by 250g ensiling
Liquid is uniformly sprayed on ensilage.Fully after mixing, break into the feedstuff bundle of about 100kg with small-sized ensilage equipment, and use
Plastic tensile film wraps up in bag.Deposit 25d.
After testing, utilize the Boehmeria ensilage that the method is modulated, compared with spraying the process that clear water is comparison, non-protein
Nitrogen content significantly reduces, and illustrates that the method effectively inhibits the degraded of proteinic nitrogen.This ensilage is utilized to substitute 25% concentrated feed
Cultivation Xia Nanniu (starting weight 250kg).Concentrated feed uses Puri to receive beef cattle special feed.Cultivated by Fig. 1 Boehmeria ensilage
Fatten Xia Nanniu average daily gain the most visible, stress that the initial stage that feeds transports for long-distance because of beef cattle and Boehmeria ensilage
Agreeable to the taste exercise, body weight increases less.But through stress after date, after using this ensilage to replace 30% concentrated feed, averagely increase day by day
Weigh more than 1.10kg, and body weight rate of rise is stable.
As shown in Table 2, utilize the ensilage that the present invention modulates, production performance and the cattle fattening Xia Nanniu can be effectively improved
Meat.Wherein back-fat thickness, eye muscle area are all obviously improved.Intramuscular fat content and neat percentage more conventional cultivation side respectively
Method improves 5.57% and 5.99%.
The cultivation of table 2 Boehmeria ensilage is fattened Xia Nanniu production performance and is compared
Embodiment 2
The implementation case carries out feeding ramee variety " Zhongsizhu No.1 " Herb ensiling.It is harvested from plant height and reaches 60-
80cm.The rice straw weight used brings up to 35 parts.Other technologies scheme is with embodiment 1.
Claims (5)
1. a Boehmeria ensilage modulator approach, its step includes:
A. prepared by fermentation liquid: be that 0.30-0.50 part sucrose, 0.20-0.30 part corn starch, 0.30-0.50 part are big by weight portion
Semen Glycines powder, 0.05-0.10 part carbamide, 0.02-0.025 part cellulase, 0.015-0.025 part pectase, 0.01-0.02 part wood are poly-
Carbohydrase and 0.05-0.08 part Sal are dissolved in the room temperature clear water of 15-20 part；By the tender tip of fresh Boehmeria of weight portion 1-1.5 part
Shear to 0.5-1cm fragment (sheet), wrap up in envelope with nylon net bag or Coarse Mesh Gauze, immerse in above-mentioned solution, and with formic acid or edible white
Rice vinegar regulation pH to 4.2-4.5.It is positioned over 12-16h at room temperature (20-30 DEG C), shading.
B. ensilage modulation: by the Boehmeria by-product after weight portion 45-50 part decorticating raw ramie or feeding Boehmeria Herb, rapidly with
Weight portion 30-35 part air-dries rice straw or wheat straw, 8-12 part air-dries big beanstalk or Herba Medicaginis, 8-12 part partly air-dry corn stalk or sweet height
Fine strain of millet, pulverizes or shears the fragment to≤4cm, mix homogeneously.Uniformly spray according to the amount of weight ratio 1:400-500 with above-mentioned fermentation liquid
It is sprinkled upon on ensilage, and wraps up in bag ensiling with plastic tensile film and seal 25-30d up for safekeeping.
The tender tip of fresh Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 is the young stem and leaf in the 30cm of Boehmeria top.
Boehmeria by-product the most according to claim 1 or feeding Boehmeria Herb are firm results, without dry in the sun, drying etc.
The raw material processed.
Half air-dried corn stalk the most according to claim 1 is the corn stalk after seed harvest corn seed, or silagecorn
Through short time dry in the sun, the plant of moisture≤70%.
The fragment of the most according to claim 1≤4cm, preferably 1.5-2cm.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106721132A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle |
| CN106974163A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-25 | 河南三剑客农业股份有限公司 | A kind of ensilage fermentation mould inhibitor |
| CN107027977A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-11 | 六安市绿丰牧业科技有限公司 | The preparation method that a kind of sheep eats ensilage |
| CN107242349A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 兰州大学 | A kind of full mixed fermentation feed formula of sugar grass base and its shaping dry-making method of dried |
| CN107259136A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | The raw material components and its Silaging method and milk cow forage of silage corn in alternative milk cow forage |
| CN107410185A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-01 | 农元荣 | The cultural method of selenium-rich mutton sheep |
| CN107912604A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of silage composition and preparation method |
| CN108041291A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of newborn cattle feed for improving quality of raw milk and preparation method thereof |
| CN108850544A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of plantation of safe utilization is in the method for the fibre ramie by-product of cadmium pollution soil |
| CN109601478A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西大学 | A kind of stereo circulating production method of selenium-rich raw beef |
| CN109907166A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of fodder compound reducing intestine of ruminants methane and ammonia emission, preparation method and feeding method |
| CN111903851A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 贵州阳光草业科技有限责任公司 | Mixed silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112754046A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-07 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Semi-dry pennisetum alopecuroides silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106721132A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle |
| CN106974163A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-25 | 河南三剑客农业股份有限公司 | A kind of ensilage fermentation mould inhibitor |
| CN107027977A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-11 | 六安市绿丰牧业科技有限公司 | The preparation method that a kind of sheep eats ensilage |
| CN107410185A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-12-01 | 农元荣 | The cultural method of selenium-rich mutton sheep |
| CN107242349A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 兰州大学 | A kind of full mixed fermentation feed formula of sugar grass base and its shaping dry-making method of dried |
| CN107259136A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | The raw material components and its Silaging method and milk cow forage of silage corn in alternative milk cow forage |
| CN107912604A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of silage composition and preparation method |
| CN108041291A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of newborn cattle feed for improving quality of raw milk and preparation method thereof |
| CN108850544A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of plantation of safe utilization is in the method for the fibre ramie by-product of cadmium pollution soil |
| CN109601478A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西大学 | A kind of stereo circulating production method of selenium-rich raw beef |
| CN109907166A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of fodder compound reducing intestine of ruminants methane and ammonia emission, preparation method and feeding method |
| CN109907166B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-12-10 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Feed composition capable of reducing emission of methane and ammonia gas in intestinal tracts of ruminants, preparation method and feeding method thereof |
| CN111903851A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 贵州阳光草业科技有限责任公司 | Mixed silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112754046A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-07 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Semi-dry pennisetum alopecuroides silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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