CN105146231A - Wrapping and silaging method for forage grass grain amaranth and grain amaranth silage - Google Patents
Wrapping and silaging method for forage grass grain amaranth and grain amaranth silage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105146231A CN105146231A CN201510343015.2A CN201510343015A CN105146231A CN 105146231 A CN105146231 A CN 105146231A CN 201510343015 A CN201510343015 A CN 201510343015A CN 105146231 A CN105146231 A CN 105146231A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wrapping and silaging method for forage grass grain amaranth. The method comprises the following steps: subjecting harvested grain amaranth to treatment including crushing and pre-drying; sprinkling a composite bacterial strain and formic acid on the raw material grain amaranth; and carrying out treatment including bundling and wrapping and then carrying out storage. The method employs the composite bacterial strain and oxalic acid together for fermentation of the bundled and wrapped grain amaranth under anaerobic conditions, the silaged grain amaranth forage is guaranteed to have good quality and high water content and the technical problem that silaging of grain amaranth with high water content is hard to succeed is overcome. The invention also discloses a grain amaranth silage prepared by using the wrapping and silaging method for forage grass grain amaranth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Sativa Silage Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass and wrap up in bag Silaging method and Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage.
Background technology
Grain Production of Amaranthus another name is prince's-feather, west sticks paddy, pig three-coloured amaranth, is the high-quality Grain Production of Amaranthus cultigen selected through cultivation domestication by the Amaranthus. l in South America.China also belongs to one of original producton location, is the excellent food of the Livestocks such as ox, sheep, pig, chicken, rabbit, goose.Grain Production of Amaranthus belongs to annual herb plant, and main feature is strong adaptability, and planting range is wide, and output is high, and premunition is strong, and good palatability, power of regeneration is strong.Children's young stem and leaf is fresh and tender good to eat, and be the desirable greenfeeds of all kinds of livestock and poultry, can also do vegetables use, seed is also the high-quality concentrated feed of poultry, feeds poultry and can replace part concentrated feed.
Grain Production of Amaranthus is a kind of feed, the novel crop of grain dual-purpose of high yield and high quality, protein and lysine content high, be subject to the attention of countries in the world, scientific circles are referred to as " grain of 21 century ".
Owing to containing more nitrate in Grain Production of Amaranthus, cradle rear stacking 1 ~ 2d and can be converted into nitrite, feed and easily cause nitrous acid poisoning, ensiling is a kind of effective method.We keep fresh state and the nutritive value of greenfeed by ensiling for this reason.
Desirable ensiling raw material should possess following condition: solubility sugar is many, and low buffer capacity value, higher than the dry matter content of 20%.But Grain Production of Amaranthus does not possess above-mentioned condition in producing, Silaging method is difficult to successfully routinely, is therefore necessary to develop a kind of quality both having ensured ensilage, again can in the method compared with ensiling under high-moisture.
By being added with beneficial microorganism to raising Silage Quality effect clearly, but the commodity lactobacillus preparation often used belongs to specific lactic acid bacteria culturers, is not be suitable for all forage grass, the phenomenon of normal appearance effect instability.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass and wraps up in bag Silaging method, the method combines employing composite bacteria and formic acid under anaerobic carries out fermentation process to bundling and the Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wrapping up in bag process, can ensure that ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus feed has preferable quality and higher moisture, solve Grain Production of Amaranthus and be difficult to the successful technical barrier of ensiling under comparatively high-moisture.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage adopting above-mentioned Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass to wrap up in bag Silaging method to make, and this Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage quality better, moisture is higher, and content of nitrite is low, is of high nutritive value.
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in bag Silaging method, comprise the following steps: by the Grain Production of Amaranthus of harvesting after comprising pulverizing and predrying operation process, Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material sprays compound bacteria and formic acid, then preserves after comprising bundling and wrapping up in the process of job contract sequence.
Wrap up in bag Silaging method above-mentioned Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass:
The length being crushed to Grain Production of Amaranthus is preferably 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, and broken joint rate is preferably more than 75%.
The predrying mass percentage to moisture in Grain Production of Amaranthus is 65 ~ 75%.
Described compound bacteria is the hybrid solid of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis, and its addition is 0.5 ~ 1% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass.
The mass percentage of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis three is respectively 40 ~ 60%, 20 ~ 40% and 15 ~ 25%.
When the mass percentage of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis three is respectively 50%, 30% and 20%, and when compound bacteria is added according to 0.5% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass, silage effect is best, antibacterial antisepsis is strong, obvious to the effect of ensilage quality improving, this compound bacteria is a kind of efficient, safe natural biological additive.
The addition of formic acid is preferably in every kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material and adds 5 ~ 10mL.
During Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling, add the pH that formic acid significantly can reduce ensilage, pole significantly improves lactic acid content, extremely significantly reduce the acetic acid of ensilage and the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, result of study finds, the addition of formic acid is when adding 6mL in every kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material, best results.
After bundling, adopt and twine film and wrap up in bag, twine film when wrapping up in bag, twining rete number is 4 ~ 6 layers.
Wrap up in bag process after storage within 40 ~ 60 days, carry out fermentation process namely can be used as feed use.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage adopting above-mentioned Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass to wrap up in bag Silaging method to make.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the inventive method is combined and is adopted multiple composite bacteria and formic acid under anaerobic to carry out fermentation process to bundling and the Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass of wrapping up in bag process, can ensure that ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus feed has preferable quality and higher moisture, solve Grain Production of Amaranthus and be difficult to the successful technical barrier of ensiling under comparatively high-moisture;
(2) the inventive method is under the condition of height anaerobism, utilizes high-moisture Grain Production of Amaranthus (moisture 65% ~ 75%) semiarid to produce the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling of high-quality;
(3) the Grain Production of Amaranthus Silage adopting the inventive method to make, dark green succulence, improves the quality of Grain Production of Amaranthus Silage, digestibility and palatability, achieves the efficiency utilization of Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling making and nutrition;
(4) the inventive method has adapted to the needs of new period domestic and international market, and the forage grass of development of new makes new technology and Silage product, in today of the serious scarcity of feed resource, has important practice effect to promotion Animal husbandry production.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
embodiment 1
one, the source of compound bacteria and preparation
Compound bacteria is the hybrid solid of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis.
(1) bacterial classification
Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillusplantarum) and bacillus subtilis (Bacillussubtilis) are purchased from Guangdong Microbes Inst Culture Collection, and Bu Shi lactobacillus (Lactobacillusbuchneri) is purchased from Hua Yuan bio tech ltd, Guangzhou.
(2) culture medium
MRS culture medium: for cultivating the slant medium of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus.
Beef extract-peptone agar medium: for cultivating the slant medium of bacillus subtilis.
Soya-bean milk culture medium: for the cultivation in enormous quantities of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis, formula: soya bean 2.0% defibrination is for subsequent use, NaCl0.5%, sucrose 0.2%, PH7.0, pasteurization, and surplus is water.
Solid fermentation culture medium: wheat bran (pH value nature), 121.5 DEG C of sterilizing 30min;
(3) production of complex solid microbial inoculum
Inclined-plane thalline-activation (Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus adopt MRS culture medium, and bacillus subtilis adopts beef extract-peptone agar medium)-in 10% inoculum concentration access soya-bean milk culture medium 30 DEG C, 24h-10% inoculum concentration access reactor (soya-bean milk culture medium) 30 DEG C cultivated by 150RPM shaking table, 150RPM cultivates 24h-cultivate 48h-dry for subsequent use in ratio access solid fermentation culture medium-30 DEG C of 1:1.
two, Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in bag Silaging method
The Grain Production of Amaranthus of harvesting is pulverized and predrying operation process through comprising by 2.1
Making high-quality Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage is rush job in the short time, and require to cradle, transport, shred, load, compacting, sealing carry out continuously, complete fast, the key work of each link is as follows:
2.1.1 GPRS Grain Production of Amaranthus cutting occasion, gathers in the crops in time.Grain Production of Amaranthus is generally gathered at the beginning of 89 months the end of month, and at this moment the nutrient composition content of Grain Production of Amaranthus is the highest, and moisture is suitable for, and is suitable for making quality silage;
2.1.2 manpower and vehicle to being organized with cutting with fortune, pulverizing storage in time.Avoid standing time long, moisture is evaporated, nutrient loss;
2.1.3 Grain Production of Amaranthus should be cut into 1.0 ~ 1.5 centimeter length, requires that broken joint rate is more than 75%;
2.1.4 filling in time after chopping, moisture content 65% ~ 75% as well.
2.2 spray compound bacteria, formic acid on Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material
The making of composite bacterial additive is shown in (one), its addition is 0.5% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass, found through experiments, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis form composite bacterial additive according to the mass percent of 50%:30%:20% in additive, add according to 0.5% of ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material weight, its silage effect is best, and antibacterial antisepsis is strong, obvious to the effect of ensilage quality improving, be a kind of efficient, safe natural biological additive.
2.2.1 single culture and compound bacteria are on the impact of tunning composition
Single strain fermentation experiment is carried out, to observe the effect of single bacterium in ensiling to the solid fungicide of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis.Detect the DM(dry in tunning) and CP (crude protein) content whether improve, can whether the NDF (neutral detergent fiber) in product and ADF (acid detergent fiber) reduces, and reduce the Decayed rate of raw material after ensiling.Each solid fungicide adds according to 0.5% of ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material weight, and after fermentation, composition measurement is carried out in sampling.After also being mixed according to the mass percentage ratio of 50%:30%:20% by three kinds of bacterium, ferment, to observe the effect of Mixed Microbes in ensiling, measurement result is as shown in table 1 below simultaneously:
Table 1 adds composition after the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling of single culture and compound bacteria
Compared with control group, the test strain of single interpolation is all improved to some extent to quality of the fodder after ensiling.From data, although single culture makes improving in a certain respect of ensiling to a certain extent, DM and the CP content of the Grain Production of Amaranthus after ensiling can not be made to increase, and three applies separately the content that all can reduce ADF and NDF simultaneously, thus reduces the corruption of feed.To be added in Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material after three kinds of bacterium mixing, the content of DM and CP in the Grain Production of Amaranthus after ensiling can be made to increase simultaneously, and the content of ADF and NDF is reduced, therefore, the present invention have selected the complex microorganism additive of above-mentioned three kinds of microbial solid inoculas as Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling.
2.2.2 the different ratio of bacterial classification is on the impact of ensiling afterproduct composition
Under 0.5% condition of adding of complex solid microbial inoculum according to ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material weight, by the solid fungicide of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis respectively according to the following ratio: (1) 40%:40%:20%; (2) 30%:40%:30%(3) 50%:30%:20%; (4) 20%:20%:60%; After fermentation, composition measurement is carried out in sampling.Measurement result is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2 adds composition after the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling of different ratio bacterial classification
According to table 2 data, when three kinds of bacterium are applied to Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling according to different mass percentage, the equal content that can increase DM and CP, reduce NDF and ADF content simultaneously, wherein combine (3) natural in color, tart flavour on subjective appreciation after ensiling moderate, aromatic odor is strong, and structure keeps complete, the going mouldy of Grain Production of Amaranthus after decreasing ensiling, evaluation result be 1 grade excellent.Combination (4) although after ensiling in Grain Production of Amaranthus DM and CP higher than combination (3), pH value and blank higher, can not corruption be reduced, easily secondary fermentation occur.After the ensiling of combination (1) (2), DM and CP of Grain Production of Amaranthus is starkly lower than combination (3), and pH value is higher, can not reduce corruption, the moulding ability of Grain Production of Amaranthus after ensiling.Therefore determine that the better adding proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis solid fungicide is: 40 ~ 60%, 20 ~ 40% and 15 ~ 25%, coefficient optimum proportion is 50%:30%:20%.
2.2.3 the interpolation of formic acid is on the impact of tunning composition
During Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling, add the pH that formic acid significantly can reduce ensilage, pole significantly improves lactic acid content, and extremely significantly reduce the acetic acid of ensilage and the content of ammoniacal nitrogen, concrete screening process is as follows:
2.2.3.1 the determination of formic acid addition in ensiling
Be 50%:30%:20% in the adding proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis solid fungicide, composite bacteria agent capable addition is 0.5% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass, respectively to the formic acid in every 1kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material being 2mL, 4mL, 6mL, 8mL, 10mL, after fermentation, composition measurement is carried out in sampling.Measurement result is as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3 adds the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling after fermentation quality of different amounts formic acid
According to table 3 data, add formic acid and significantly can reduce the pH of ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen content, significantly improve lactic acid content.Having there is corresponding peak value when formic acid 6mL use amount in wherein ensiling Grain Production of Amaranthus pH value and lactic acid content, proves to add 6mL formic acid for optimum amount in every 1kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material.
2.3 preserve after comprising bundling and wrapping up in the process of job contract sequence again
To the Grain Production of Amaranthus bundling immediately of composite bacterial additive and formic acid be sprayed, and after bundling, carry out rapidly twining film and wrap up in bag, twine rete number with 4 ~ 6 layers for good, in safe place storage, 40 ~ 60 days afterwards just can be feeding as Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage unlatching feeding.
embodiment 2
The source of compound bacteria and preparation process are with embodiment 1.
Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in bag Silaging method:
(1) Grain Production of Amaranthus of harvesting is pulverized and predrying operation process through comprising
Making high-quality Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage is rush job in the short time, and require to cradle, transport, shred, load, compacting, sealing carry out continuously, complete fast, the key work of each link is as follows:
1. GPRS Grain Production of Amaranthus cutting occasion, gathers in the crops in time.Grain Production of Amaranthus is generally gathered at the beginning of 89 months the end of month, and at this moment the nutrient composition content of Grain Production of Amaranthus is the highest, and moisture is suitable for, and is suitable for making quality silage;
2. manpower and vehicle to being organized with cutting with fortune, pulverizing storage in time.Avoid standing time long, moisture is evaporated, nutrient loss;
3. Grain Production of Amaranthus should be cut into 1.0 ~ 1.5 centimeter length, requires that broken joint rate is more than 75%;
4. filling in time after chopping, moisture content 65% ~ 75% as well.
(2) on Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material, compound bacteria, formic acid is sprayed
The making of composite bacterial additive is shown in (one), its addition is 0.8% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass, found through experiments, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis form composite bacterial additive according to the percentage by weight of 40%:35%:25% in additive, add according to 0.8% of ensiling raw material weight, its silage effect is best, and antibacterial antisepsis is strong, obvious to the effect of ensilage quality improving, be a kind of efficient, safe natural biological additive.
During Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling, add the pH that formic acid significantly can reduce ensilage, the addition of formic acid is add 10mL in every 1kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material, and pole significantly improves lactic acid content, extremely significantly reduces the acetic acid of ensilage and the content of ammoniacal nitrogen.
(3) preserve after comprising bundling and wrapping up in the process of job contract sequence again
To spray the Grain Production of Amaranthus bundling immediately of composite bacterial additive, formic acid, and after bundling, carried out rapidly twining film and wrap up in bag, and twined rete number with 4 ~ 6 layers for good, in safe place storage, it is feeding within 40 ~ 60 days, just can to open feeding afterwards.
embodiment 3
The source of compound bacteria and preparation process are with embodiment 1.
Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in bag Silaging method:
(1) Grain Production of Amaranthus of harvesting is pulverized and predrying operation process through comprising
Making high-quality Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage is rush job in the short time, and require to cradle, transport, shred, load, compacting, sealing carry out continuously, complete fast, the key work of each link is as follows:
1. GPRS Grain Production of Amaranthus cutting occasion, gathers in the crops in time.Grain Production of Amaranthus is generally gathered at the beginning of 89 months the end of month, and at this moment the nutrient composition content of Grain Production of Amaranthus is the highest, and moisture is suitable for, and is suitable for making quality silage;
2. manpower and vehicle to being organized with cutting with fortune, pulverizing storage in time.Avoid standing time long, moisture is evaporated, nutrient loss;
3. Grain Production of Amaranthus should be cut into 1.0 ~ 1.5 centimeter length, requires that broken joint rate is more than 75%;
4. filling in time after chopping, moisture content 65% ~ 75% as well.
(2) on Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material, compound bacteria, formic acid is sprayed
The making of composite bacterial additive is shown in (one), its addition is 1% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass, found through experiments, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and streptococcus lactis form composite bacterial additive according to the mass percent of 60%:25%:15% in additive, add according to 1% of ensiling raw material weight, its silage effect is best, and antibacterial antisepsis is strong, obvious to the effect of ensilage quality improving, be a kind of efficient, safe natural biological additive.
During Grain Production of Amaranthus ensiling, add the pH that formic acid significantly can reduce ensilage, the addition of formic acid is add 5mL in every 1kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material, and pole significantly improves lactic acid content, extremely significantly reduces the acetic acid of ensilage and the content of ammoniacal nitrogen.
(3) preserve after comprising bundling and wrapping up in the process of job contract sequence again
To spray the Grain Production of Amaranthus bundling immediately of composite bacterial additive, formic acid, and after bundling, carried out rapidly twining film and wrap up in bag, and twined rete number with 4 ~ 6 layers for good, in safe place storage, it is feeding within 40 ~ 60 days, just can to open feeding afterwards.
Obviously, foregoing just in order to feature of the present invention is described, and is not limitation of the present invention, and the those of ordinary skill of relevant technical field should belong to protection category of the present invention according to the present invention in the change that corresponding technical field is made.
Claims (9)
1. a Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: by the Grain Production of Amaranthus of harvesting after comprising pulverizing and predrying operation process, Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material sprays compound bacteria and formic acid, then preserves after comprising bundling and wrapping up in the process of job contract sequence.
2. Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: the length being crushed to Grain Production of Amaranthus is 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, and broken joint rate is more than 75%.
3. Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: the predrying mass percentage to moisture in Grain Production of Amaranthus is 65 ~ 75%.
4. Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: described compound bacteria is the hybrid solid of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis, and its addition is 0.5 ~ 1% of Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material gross mass.
5. Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 4 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: the mass percentage of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bu Shi lactobacillus and bacillus subtilis three is respectively 40 ~ 60%, 20 ~ 40% and 15 ~ 25%.
6. the Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 or 4 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: the addition of formic acid is add 5 ~ 10mL in every 1kg Grain Production of Amaranthus raw material.
7. the Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 or 4 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: after bundling, adopts and twines film and wrap up in bag, and twine film when wrapping up in bag, twining rete number is 4 ~ 6 layers.
8. the Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass according to claim 1 or 4 wraps up in bag Silaging method, it is characterized in that: wrap up in bag process after storage within 40 ~ 60 days, carry out fermentation process namely can be used as feed use.
9. any one of employing claim 1-8 Grain Production of Amaranthus forage grass wraps up in the Grain Production of Amaranthus ensilage that bag Silaging method is made.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105967802A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-28 | 杨新兰 | Application of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum in combined fermentation of rice straw |
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| CN110024912A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-19 | 宜昌市农业科学研究院 | A kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape |
| CN110122688A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-16 | 汪国语 | A kind of Grain Production of Amaranthus fermented total mixed ration pannage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112890021A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-04 | 贵州金农富平生态农牧科技有限公司 | Silage processing technology |
| CN114391618A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-26 | 湖南苋鲜生态科技有限公司 | Preparation method and mixing method of grass carp feed |
| CN114391618B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-25 | 湖南苋鲜生态科技有限公司 | Preparation method and mixing method of grass carp feed |
| CN115176885A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-14 | 湖南苋鲜生态科技有限公司 | Silage containing reed and grain amaranth and preparation method thereof |
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