CN115669809A - Corn silage additive - Google Patents
Corn silage additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN115669809A CN115669809A CN202211265190.0A CN202211265190A CN115669809A CN 115669809 A CN115669809 A CN 115669809A CN 202211265190 A CN202211265190 A CN 202211265190A CN 115669809 A CN115669809 A CN 115669809A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- silage
- lactobacillus
- corn
- corn silage
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Links
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000186685 Lactobacillus hilgardii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000191996 Pediococcus pentosaceus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940032049 enterococcus faecalis Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000186605 Lactobacillus paracasei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000186679 Lactobacillus buchneri Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000218588 Lactobacillus rhamnosus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000191998 Pediococcus acidilactici Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 26
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(Cl)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000007244 Zea mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYKOKMFESWKQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10h-anthracen-9-one;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 MYKOKMFESWKQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTLLEIBWKHEHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-4-phosphonooxyhexanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C(C(C1O)O)OC1COC1C(CO)OC(OC(C(O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)C1O OTLLEIBWKHEHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010062877 Bacteriocins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017399 Caesalpinia tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
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- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186781 Listeria Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000192001 Pediococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a corn silage additive, and relates to the technical field of animal feed. The corn silage additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 5 portions of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 to 5 portions of lactobacillus hilgardii, 1 to 3 portions of lactobacillus acidophilus, 1 to 3 portions of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 3 portions of pediococcus pentosaceus, 2 to 4 portions of lactobacillus paracasei and 3 to 5 portions of enterococcus faecalis. The corn silage additive can obviously reduce the content of cellulose in silage, obviously increase the content of dry matters, crude protein and other nutrient substances, and improve the silage quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an additive, in particular to a special silage additive capable of improving the silage quality of corn.
Background
The corn resource is very rich, but only a small part of corn is used as coarse feed for feeding ruminant livestock, and the corn is prepared into high-quality silage through a special silage agent, so that the problem of coarse feed shortage in southern ruminant breeding can be relieved. The whole corn silage management needs to pay attention to the following points: 1. optimal mowing time; 2. the optimal mowing height; 3. cutting length; 4. moisture content; 5. the silage is put into a cellar and compacted; 6. and (5) sealing. However, although the above points are implemented in the silage management process, silage may still fail, and the main reasons are that along with environmental pollution, the types and the number of naturally-attached lactic acid bacteria in plants are reduced, the number of mixed bacteria putrefying bacteria is increased, the targeted content of lactic acid bacteria is low, sugar in the whole corn silage raw material cannot be rapidly fermented, acetic acid is generated, and the pH value is rapidly reduced so as to inhibit the growth and the propagation of other mixed bacteria.
The prior art CN100382718C provides a corn silage, which is prepared by crushing whole green corn plants used for the feed, spraying and inoculating, wherein the effective viable count of three known lactic acid bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 for each 1000 g of the whole green corn plants 8 -1×10 9 And a large number of experiments prove that: the feed has increased relative amount of lactobacillus, increased lactic acid production speed, rapidly reduced pH value, inhibited growth of harmful microorganism in early stage of fermentation, and reduced nutrition loss in silage crops. However, this technique is not effective in reducing the neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber content of silage. Neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, which are main components of plant cell walls, are also hardly digested in the rumen of ruminants, and if the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber in silage are high, the digestibility of animals is low.
The prior art CN106306426A discloses a new corn silage process, which takes agricultural and sideline products, namely corn straws as raw materials, and improves the feeding nutritive value of the corn straw biological silage through a preparation process of composite microorganism solid fermentation, lactobacillus maturity and double-bacterium two-step fermentation; in the preparation process, firstly, corn straws are biologically decomposed by the synergistic action of saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria, streptococcus thermophilus balls and cellulase in high-concentration organic wastewater, macromolecular substances are preliminarily degraded into medium and small molecular substances, and harmful microorganisms in the corn straws are killed; then, macromolecular substances of the corn straws are further degraded through the fermentation action of compound microorganisms and the enzymolysis action of cellulase and the like, and harmful substances such as phytic acid and the like are eliminated; and then, the quality and the nutrient content of the product are improved through the fermentation effect of the lactobacillus plantarum and the bifidobacterium bifidum, the efficient utilization of the straws is realized, the utilization value of the straws is improved, and the method has a good popularization prospect. However, the technology has complex process and complicated operation, and increases the cost. The technology needs to remove dust, crush and pass through a 40-mesh sieve in the step 1 and needs to dry at a low temperature in the step 7, and the electricity consumption cost and the labor cost of the two steps rise linearly, so that the technology is not economical and practical. And the fermentation effect of the two bacteria is not ideal.
The prior art CN112401061A provides a corn silage method and corn silage, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The invention provides a corn silage method, which takes corn varieties Zea mays L.No. 3 and plants newly fed with Zea mays L.No. 12 as silage raw materials to be mixed and silage. According to the invention, the corn variety Yucaocao No. 3 and the newly-fed corn variety Yucao No. 12 are mixed for ensiling, so that the content of crude protein and starch in the ensiling is increased, the ensiling quality is improved, the feed conversion rate is high, no additional nutrient substance is required to be added, the production cost is reduced, the feed is suitable for being popularized in Xinjiang areas, and the continuous and healthy development of Xinjiang grass pastoral is promoted. However, this technique does not add additional microbial agents and is not very effective in reducing the pH of silage. As is well known, the silage raw material itself contains beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, etc. the quantity of which hardly meets the silage requirement, and generally, the pH value is rapidly reduced by adding the lactic acid bacteria from an external source.
In the prior art, CN114027404A relates to a silage additive for corn silage and application thereof, and Lactobacillus plantarum is matched with tara tannic acid, gallic acid, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, so that the obtained silage additive has the advantages of reducing protein degradation and enhancing oxidation resistance, and the problems of fast protein degradation, large loss and weak oxidation resistance of the feed in the corn silage are solved. The silage additive has good effect when being applied to corn silage, has low preparation cost, can be used for industrial production, and has wide application prospect. However, this technique does not improve the dry matter content of the silage well. The dry matter content can well reflect the recovery rate of the silage, namely the higher the dry matter content is, the less the loss is, and the more the cost is saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a corn silage additive and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the silage quality of whole corn plants and reduce the silage failure rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the corn silage additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 to 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 to 4 parts of lactobacillus hilgardii, 3 to 5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 to 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 to 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus, 1 to 3 parts of lactobacillus paracasei and 2 to 4 parts of enterococcus faecalis.
The silage is rich in nutrition, which is obtained by cutting and compacting fresh raw material crops such as corn, high-protein pasture and the like after harvesting, wrapping or filling the cut and compacted raw material crops into a silage silo to enable the silage to be in an anaerobic environment and then performing fermentation action of microorganisms, and the fermented silage has sweet and sour fragrant smell, soft texture and good palatability and can enhance the feed intake of livestock. The principle is that anaerobic conditions are created for silage by compacting and sealing the feed, the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria is promoted, the oxygen in the cellar is exhausted by the proliferation of the lactic acid bacteria, and the lactic acid is accumulated, so that the growth of other aerobic harmful microorganisms in the cellar is effectively inhibited. With the continuous reduction of pH, the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria is inhibited, and fermentation is stopped, so that the silage enters a stable storage stage.
The abundant lactobacillus in the lactobacillus preparation has the super-strong acid production capability, so that the content of the lactobacillus can quickly proliferate to reach a peak value in a short period to form a dominant flora, and competitively inhibit the growth of other pathogenic microorganisms and putrefying bacteria, namely, the growth of the putrefying bacteria is inhibited, the generation of exotoxin is reduced, the excessive consumption of nutrients in silage can be prevented, and the risk of secondary pit opening is reduced.
Preferably, the corn silage additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus hilgardii, 2 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2.5 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus, 3 parts of lactobacillus paracasei and 4 parts of enterococcus faecalis.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus hilgardii, the lactobacillus acidophilus, the bacillus subtilis, the pediococcus pentosaceus, the lactobacillus paracasei and the enterococcus faecalis more than 10cfu/g.
A preparation method of a corn silage additive comprises the following steps:
s1, activating and carrying out expanded culture on strains to obtain a bacterial liquid;
s2, centrifuging the bacterial liquid, collecting precipitates, and freeze-drying the precipitates to obtain bacterial powder; mixing the bacterial powder to obtain the corn silage additive;
the strain is one or more of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, pediococcus pentosaceus, lactobacillus paracasei and enterococcus faecalis.
Preferably, the strain activation comprises the following steps: inoculating the refrigerated strain into a culture medium for primary activation at 37 ℃ for 24h, and then inoculating all the bacterial liquid into the culture medium for secondary activation at 37 ℃ for 24h.
The inventor finds that the activation twice can make the strain adapt to the culture environment step by step through a plurality of tests, and the activity of the strain is obviously superior to that of the activation once.
Preferably, after the first activation, the second activation is carried out after the number of viable bacteria (namely the number of viable bacteria of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus, pediococcus acidilactici, pediococcus pentosaceus, lactobacillus buchneri and enterococcus faecalis) detected to be more than 10CFU/g.
Preferably, the expanding culture comprises the following steps: the preserved strain is firstly activated for 18-24h by an agar slant, then cultured for 12-18h, transferred into a seeding tank for amplification culture for 7-10h, and the culture temperature is 30-34 ℃.
Preferably, the preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: 6 parts of maltose, 2 parts of yeast extract powder, 2 parts of soybean peptone, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of adenine, 0.1 part of phenylalanine, 2 parts of triammonium citrate, 2 parts of dipotassium phosphate, 3 parts of anhydrous sodium acetate, 0.4 part of tween and an initial pH value of 7.0 to obtain the culture medium.
Preferably, the freeze-drying comprises the steps of: adding 10% of skim milk by mass into the precipitate, and uniformly mixing; freezing twice, and freeze drying to obtain the final product.
Preferably, the two freezing steps are respectively freezing at-30 ℃ for 50 minutes; then frozen at-80 ℃ for 60 minutes.
The inventor finds that the freezing is carried out in a grading way through a plurality of tests, so that the strain is gradually adapted to the low-temperature environment, the strain is not suddenly placed at the temperature of minus 80 ℃ and punctured by ice crystals to inactivate cells, and the activity of the strain can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the freeze-drying time is 13 hours, the temperature is-40 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 30pa.
The invention also claims application of the corn silage additive in preparation of corn silage, and the specific application is that the moisture content of freshly harvested silage straws is adjusted to 65% -70%, the corn silage additive is added for fermentation, and the addition amount of the corn silage additive is 10-20 g per ton of feed.
Preferably, the corn silage additive is revived in water at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-volume ratio of the corn silage additive to the water is 1: 15-25.
The invention is further explained below:
silage corn is prepared by cutting and processing all corn plants including corn ears, and then fermenting the corn plants to obtain silage, and the silage corn is used for feeding cattle, sheep and other livestock in winter and is very common in northern pastoral areas. The silage corn is a corn which is obtained by collecting all ground green plants including fruit clusters in a proper harvest period, chopping and processing the plants, and is suitable for producing silage feed by a silage fermentation method to feed herbivorous livestock such as cattle, sheep and the like.
The corn silage is rich in nutrition, aromatic in smell and high in digestibility, crude protein in a fresh sample can reach more than 3%, and meanwhile, the corn silage also contains rich saccharides. The corn silage is used for feeding dairy cows, the fresh milk can be increased by more than 500kg per one year, and 1/5 of concentrated feed can be saved. The silage corn has small occupied space for manufacturing, can be stored for a long time, can be supplied evenly all the year round, and is the most effective way for solving the problem of the green and coarse fodder required by cattle, sheep, deer and the like.
The optimal harvesting period of the silage corns is from the late stage of milk ripening to the early stage of wax ripening of the corn seeds, and the optimal values of yield and nutritional value can be obtained during harvesting. When harvesting, the sunny weather is selected, harvesting in rainy season is avoided, and the quality of the silage is not affected due to excessive rainwater. Once the silage corns are harvested, the silage corns are ensiled in the shortest time, the time can not be prolonged too long, and the loss caused by rainfall or self fermentation is avoided. The large-area silage corn land adopts mechanical harvesting. There are single-ridge harvesting machines and also machines for harvesting 6 ridges at the same time. The straws are cut into short straws and then put into a trailer, and the trailer is transported back to the ensilage to be filled into the cellar after being filled with straws. The small-area silage field can be harvested manually, and the whole corn straw is transported back to the position near the silage silo, cut short, filled into the silage silo.
The method is characterized in that certain moisture content of the silage corn stalks is required to be kept during harvesting, the moisture content of the silage corn is required to be 65-75% under normal conditions, if the moisture content of the silage corn stalks is too high during harvesting, proper airing is carried out before cutting, the silage corn stalks are cut into short pieces after being aired for 1-2 days, and the silage corn stalks are filled into a cellar. The too low water content is not favorable for compacting the silage in the cellar, and the silage is easy to mildew, so that the selection of the proper harvesting period is very important.
The additive used in the silage making process is a common technical means in production, and the silage additive has a plurality of types, including microbial agents, enzyme agents, organic acids and salts thereof and the like. The proper silage additive can improve the silage quality, the digestibility and the animal production performance, wherein the compound microbial inoculum mainly comprising the lactic acid bacteria is concerned because of the characteristics of safety and high efficiency in the aspects of improving the silage quality, reducing the nutrient loss and the like. However, the fermentation process is difficult to control because of the limited number of lactic acid bacteria in the fermentation process of ensilage. In addition, secondary fermentation is easy to occur after the corn is ensiled and opened, and the quality of the ensiled corn is poor due to mass propagation of spoilage bacteria. Therefore, attention is particularly paid to the inhibition of spoilage bacteria in the secondary fermentation process. But the inhibition degree cannot be too much, otherwise the fermentation quality is influenced.
In the corn silage manufacturing process, the silage additive provided by the invention is used, soluble carbohydrate in corn silage raw materials is converted into lactic acid by using lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and pediococcus pentosaceus, so that the pH of the silage raw materials is quickly reduced to be below 4.2, the lactobacillus acidophilus releases lactic acid, acetic acid and antibiotics which play a role in harmful bacteria, the lactobacillus hilgardii improves aerobic stability by anaerobically producing the acetic acid, and the enterococcus faecalis generates bacteriocin which pathogenic bacteria and harmful bacteria are inhibited, so that the growth and propagation of undesirable microorganisms such as acetic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, enterobacteria, clostridium, bacillus, mould and listeria are inhibited, and the components interact and the cooperation are realized to accelerate the fermentation process, so that high-value high-quality whole-strain corn silage is produced.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention successfully develops the whole-plant corn silage additive by screening high-performance lactic acid bacteria and scientifically mixing the high-performance lactic acid bacteria according to the characteristics of the nutritional ingredients of the whole-plant corn, and can realize the purposes of quickly reducing the pH value of silage raw materials, reducing the nutritional loss of silage and improving the silage quality under the normal silage management production condition.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
1. Experimental materials
1) Test site: great culture farm in the lake district of datong of yang-benefiting city of Hunan province
2) Ensiling raw materials: the whole corn is used as the ensiling raw material, and the water content of the raw material is ensured to be 65-70%.
3) The addition amount is as follows: 5-20 g of the whole corn silage agent is added into one ton of whole corn silage raw materials.
2. Design of experiments
The experiment takes the whole corn as a silage object, cuts the corn, adjusts the water content of the corn to be 65-70%, and crushes the corn into small sections of 2-4 cm for later use. The corn silage additive of the embodiment is revived for 40min by warm water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃, and the mass volume ratio of the additive to the water is 1: 20. And (3) loading the segmented corn straws into a fermentation tank, spraying the revived additive solution on the surface after each filling of 4-6 cm, and then continuously filling. And finally compacting, sealing by using a film, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 25-30 ℃, and finishing the fermentation for 25 days.
The experiment is designed to show that a control group 1 (the whole plant corn silage additive is not added, except that the silage additive is not added, other operations are the same as those of the experiment group), a control group 2 (the whole plant rice silage additive is not added, a wrapping and ensiling mode is adopted, except that the silage additive is not added, other operations are the same as those of the experiment group, a wrapping mode is adopted, and the wrapping and ensiling mode refers to the prior art (Liuxi, the whole plant corn wrapping and ensiling operation key point [ J ]. Chinese animal health care, 2022,24 (7): 2)), and the formula of the whole plant corn silage additive added in the experiment group is shown in a table 1. Wherein, the formulas 1-10 are respectively obtained according to the raw material formulas shown in the table 1 and the process steps of the invention.
Experimental components three treatments, experimental group 1: adding 5g of whole-plant corn silage additive according to 1 ton of whole-plant corn silage raw material; experimental group 2: adding 10g of whole-plant corn silage additive according to 1 ton of whole-plant corn silage raw materials; experimental group 3: 15g of whole corn silage additive is added according to 1 ton of whole corn silage raw material.
TABLE 1 formulation of Whole corn silage additive for experimental group addition
3. Experimental methods
1) The cutting height of the whole corn silage is about 15cm, the cutting length is about 3cm, the whole corn silage agent is uniformly mixed according to the proportion, the mixture is placed into a cellar for compaction, the air in the silage is discharged, and the compaction density is not less than 750kg/m 3 。
2) Laboratory analysis
Sample extraction: performed as specified in NY/T2129.
pH value: measured with a pH electrode meter.
Dry Matter (DM) content: measured by a drying method at 65 ℃.
Crude Protein (CP) content: measured by GB 6432-86.
Ammoniacal nitrogen (TBN) content: measured by direct distillation.
Cellulose (neutral detergent fiber NDF and acid detergent fiber ADF) content: determined by the Van's fiber assay.
Soluble Carbohydrate (WSC) content: and adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method for determination.
Crude fat (EE) content: measured by GB/T6433-2006.
Content of organic acid: high performance liquid chromatography is adopted for determination.
3) The sensory evaluation system of the whole corn silage additive adopts a German agriculture Association (DLG) evaluation method to carry out evaluation according to three aspects of smell, stems and leaves and color. The grade of the score is divided into four grades from high to low, namely 1 grade, 2 grade, 3 grade and 4 grade.
4. Data processing and analysis
The data statistics mode adopts Excel software to process basic data, and adopts SPSS software 23.0 version to carry out variance analysis on the data.
5. Results of the experiment
The silage fermentation quality of the control group and the experimental group is shown in table 2, the chemical components of the control group and the experimental group are shown in table 3, and the sensory scores of the control group and the experimental group are shown in table 4.
TABLE 2 fermentation quality of Whole corn silage
TABLE 3 Whole plant corn silage chemistry
TABLE 4 Whole plant corn silage sensory scores
As can be seen from tables 2, 3 and 4, each index of the formulas 13 to 15 is superior, and in terms of silage fermentation quality, the pH and ammoniacal nitrogen contents of the formula 15 are lower, and the acetic acid content is higher. Formulation 15 had a higher dry matter and crude protein content and a lower neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber content in terms of silage chemistry. The color score and total score were higher for formula 15 in terms of sensory evaluation of silage. Therefore, the combination of formula 15 is desirable.
Formula 1 was supplemented with lactobacillus plantarum alone, and the pH results were similar to formula 15, both significantly lowering the pH of the silage compared to the control. But other indexes such as chemical components, sensory evaluation and the like have no significant difference compared with the control group.
Formulation 2 is a combination of lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus hilgardii, the pH and dry matter content of which are similar to those of formulation 15, both significantly lowering the pH of the silage and significantly increasing the dry matter content of the silage compared to the control group. Other indexes such as sensory evaluation and the like have no significant difference compared with the control group.
Formula 3 is a combination of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii and lactobacillus acidophilus, and the pH, dry matter and crude protein content of the combination are similar to those of formula 15, so that the pH of the silage is remarkably reduced and the dry matter and crude protein content of the silage are remarkably improved compared with those of a control group. But the other indexes have no significant difference compared with the control group.
Formula 4 is a combination of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus acidophilus and bacillus subtilis, and the pH, dry matter and crude protein content, color score and total score of the combination are similar to those of formula 15, so that the pH of the silage is remarkably reduced, and the dry matter and crude protein content, color score and total score of the silage are remarkably improved compared with those of a control group. But the other indexes have no significant difference compared with the control group.
Formula 5 is a combination of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, and pediococcus pentosaceus, and its pH, acetic acid, dry matter and crude protein content, color score, and total score are similar to formula 15, all of which significantly reduce the pH of silage compared to the control group, and significantly increase the acetic acid, dry matter and crude protein content, color score, and total score of silage. But the content of neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers was not significantly reduced.
Formula 6 is a combination of lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus hilgardii, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, pediococcus pentosaceus and lactobacillus paracasei, and is also a combination lacking enterococcus faecalis, and the pH, color score, total score, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, acetic acid, crude protein and dry matter contents of the combination are similar to those of formula 15, so that the pH, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber contents of the silage are all remarkably reduced, and the acetic acid, crude protein and dry matter contents, color score and total score of the silage are remarkably improved compared with a control group. But the content of ammoniacal nitrogen is not reduced obviously, similar to the control group.
Formulation 7 was a combination lacking lactobacillus paracasei with pH, color score, total score, ammoniacal nitrogen, acetic acid, crude protein, dry matter content similar to formulation 15, but without significant increase in neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber content similar to the control.
Formulation 8 was a pediococcus pentosaceus-lacking combination with similar pH, color score, total score, ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents to formulation 15, but no significant increase in acetic acid content, similar to the control.
Formulation 9 was a combination lacking bacillus subtilis and the pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, crude protein, acetic acid, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber content were similar to formulation 15, but the color score, total score were not significantly improved, similar to the control.
Formulation 10 is a combination lacking lactobacillus acidophilus and has pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, acetic acid, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber contents, color scores, and total scores similar to those of formulation 15, but the crude protein content was not significantly increased, similar to the control.
Formulation 11 is a combination lacking lactobacillus hilgardii and has pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, crude protein, acetic acid, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber contents, color scores, and total scores similar to those of formulation 15, but the dry matter content was not significantly increased, similar to the control group.
Formulation 12 is a combination lacking lactobacillus plantarum, and has similar content, color score, and overall score of acetic acid, ammoniacal nitrogen, crude protein, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acidic detergent fiber as formulation 15, but no significant increase in pH, similar to the control.
6. Conclusion of the experiment
From the data analysis of the above experiment, it can be seen that: lack of lactobacillus plantarum does not lower the pH of silage, lack of lactobacillus hilgardii does not increase dry matter content, lack of lactobacillus acidophilus increases crude protein content, lack of bacillus subtilis does not improve sensory evaluation, lack of pediococcus pentosaceus does not increase acetic acid content, lack of lactobacillus paracasei does not decrease the content of neutral detergent fibers and acidic detergent fibers, lack of enterococcus faecalis does not decrease the content of ammonia nitrogen. When all the zymophytes are combined together, the defects of the zymophytes are made up, and the zymophytes act together to achieve an ideal ensiling effect.
In conclusion, the whole-pearl corn silage agent can realize the rapid reduction of the pH value of whole-plant corn silage, the improvement of the quality and chemical components of the whole-plant corn silage, the improvement of the sensory quality of the silage and the production of high-value high-quality whole-plant corn silage under the normal silage operation production condition. The technical application and the industrialized development of the silage on the feed can not only relieve the economic loss caused by weather reasons and the processing of forage grass hay, but also improve the variety of forage grass products, thereby increasing the utilization of green succulent forage grass. The silage has multiple advantages of high nutrition, easy digestion, good palatability, softness, aroma, low cost and the like, is used as the most main feeding component in domestic ruminant daily ration, and has great development potential in the development of future animal husbandry.
Claims (6)
1. The corn silage additive is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 to 4 parts of lactobacillus hilgardii, 3 to 5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 to 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 to 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus, 1 to 3 parts of lactobacillus paracasei and 2 to 4 parts of enterococcus faecalis.
2. The corn silage additive according to claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus hilgardii, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus, 3 parts of lactobacillus paracasei and 4 parts of enterococcus faecalis.
3. A method of preparing a corn silage additive according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, activating and carrying out expanded culture on strains to obtain a bacterial liquid;
s2, centrifuging the bacterial liquid, collecting precipitates, and freeze-drying the precipitates to obtain bacterial powder; mixing the bacterial powder to obtain the rice silage additive;
the strain is two or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus, pediococcus acidilactici, pediococcus pentosaceus, lactobacillus buchneri and enterococcus faecalis.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method for preparing the medium comprises: 6 parts of peptone, 4.5 parts of glucose, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of sodium acetate, 2 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.4 part of ammonium citrate, 0.2 part of tween, 0.1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 105 parts of distilled water are stirred, dissolved and heated to 70 ℃, and then the pH value is adjusted to 7.0 by using 20% sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the culture medium.
5. Use of a corn silage additive according to claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of corn silage, wherein the corn silage additive is used in an amount of 5 to 20g per ton of silage.
6. The use of claim 5, wherein the corn silage additive is revived in water at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5-1 h before use, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the corn silage additive to the water is 1: 15-25.
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| CN101449752A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-10 | 河南农业大学 | Composite microbial inoculant for corn silage and use method thereo |
| US20110189747A1 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2011-08-04 | Chr-Hansen A/S | Process for producing silage for biogas production |
| CN106028829A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2016-10-12 | 丹斯塔发酵股份公司 | Stability of silage inoculants and methods for improving aerobic stability of silage |
| CN105053743A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Silage fermentation accelerator and application thereof |
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| CN112640997A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-13 | 沈阳化工研究院有限公司 | Method for improving aerobic stability of silage |
| CN112890019A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 华中农业大学 | Forage rape silage and preparation method thereof |
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