CN106615659B - Silage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to silage and a preparation method thereof. The silage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the plant-based edible fungus fermentation broth comprises, by weight, 65-80 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 20-30 parts of waste cassava residues, 10-15 parts of straws, 3-6 parts of fermentation broth, 8-15 parts of nutritional additives and 1-5 parts of fermentation additives; the preparation method comprises (1) preparation of the expected product: A. preparing a fermentation liquor; B. preparing a nutritional additive; C. preparing a fermentation additive; (2) preparing a silage mixture; (3) and (4) ensiling treatment. The silage obtained by the invention is loose, not sticky, glossy, yellow, sweet and strong in comfort, the ammoniacal nitrogen/total ammonia content reaches less than 5%, the total acid content reaches 1.91-2.62%, the water-soluble carbohydrate reaches 60.1-69.8%, and the pH value is 3.6-3.8; the processing method is simple and convenient to operate.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to silage and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The silage is a coarse fodder obtained by cutting green fodder with water content of 65-75%, and forming acidic environment through fermentation of anaerobic lactobacillus under sealed anoxic condition to inhibit propagation of various mixed bacteria. The silage is sour and fragrant in smell, soft and juicy, good in palatability, rich in nutrition and beneficial to long-term storage, is an excellent feed source for herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep, and is one of the main methods for solving the problem of lack of fresh pasture in winter in livestock production. The silage is prepared by carrying out anaerobic fermentation on green feed, and the production principle is that the mass propagation of lactic acid bacteria is promoted in an anaerobic environment, so that soluble sugar is converted into lactic acid and is accumulated to a certain concentration; after the lactobacillus ferments and decomposes the saccharides, the generated carbon dioxide further removes air, and the secreted lactic acid enables the feed to be weakly acidic (the pH value is 3.5-4.2), and can effectively inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, thereby effectively inhibiting putrefying bacteria and enabling nutrient substances in the silage to be stored for a long time.
At present, most silage is produced by directly cutting, compacting and sealing forage grass (common sweet sorghum stems, corn straws and the like). Because the number of lactic acid bacteria carried by the plants is limited, the rapid formation of lactic acid fermentation is difficult, so that the activity time of spoilage bacteria is too long, the pH value of the silage is slowly reduced, the nutrition loss of the silage is too large, and even the silage is rotten. In order to enable the lactic acid bacteria to become dominant bacteria quickly and accelerate the pH reduction speed of the silage, so that the nutrient loss of the silage is reduced, the quality of the silage is improved, and people add additives such as the lactic acid bacteria, organic acid and related products in the silage process and obtain good effects. However, a great number of agricultural and sideline products produced by the planting industry and the processing in the south of China, namely whole banana stems and leaves, waste cassava residues, bagasse and the like, can not be successfully processed into silage for animal feeding. Therefore, the development of the feed resources and the improvement of the current production situation have important significance and value for the livestock production of vast farmers and the social material supply and resource conservation.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to: the silage and the preparation method thereof are provided, the obtained silage is loose, not sticky, glossy, yellow, sweet and obvious, and has strong comfort, the ammonia nitrogen/total ammonia content reaches less than 5%, the total acid content reaches 1.91-2.62%, the water-soluble carbohydrate reaches 60.1-69.8%, and the pH value is 3.6-3.8; the processing method is simple and convenient to operate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the silage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the plant-based edible fungus fermentation broth comprises, by weight, 65-80 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 20-30 parts of waste cassava residues, 10-15 parts of straws, 3-6 parts of fermentation broth, 8-15 parts of nutritional additives and 1-5 parts of fermentation additives;
the nutritional additive is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-8 parts of dragon fruit peel, 2-4 parts of caraway, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 1-6 parts of watermelon peel, 3-8 parts of Chinese yam peel, 1-3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of ammonia water, 1-3 parts of calcite, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.3-0.8 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing, by weight, 0.3-0.8 part of lactobacillus delbrueckii, 0.5-0.9 part of lactobacillus pentosus, 0.5-0.9 part of lactobacillus casei, 1.2-1.4 parts of cellulase, 0.3-0.8 part of protease, 0.6-1.2 parts of pectinase, 1-3 parts of glucose and 20-30 parts of water;
the fermentation additive is formed by mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1-2:2-5: 1-3.
In the invention, further, the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 8-12%; the mass concentration of the sorbic acid is 16-23%; the mass concentration of the propionic acid is 6-10%.
In the present invention, it is further specified that the effective number of the Lactobacillus delbrueckii is 102-104Effective bacteria amount of Lactobacillus pentosus 10-10/g3The effective bacteria number of the CFU/g lactobacillus casei is 102-104CFU/g。
In the invention, the nutrient additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, specifically 7 parts of pitaya peel, 3 parts of caraway, 4 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of watermelon peel, 6 parts of Chinese yam peel, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonia water, 2 parts of calcite, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.6 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing, by weight, 0.5 part of lactobacillus delbrueckii, 0.7 part of lactobacillus pentosus, 0.7 part of lactobacillus casei, 1.3 parts of cellulase, 0.5 part of protease, 1.0 part of pectinase, 2 parts of glucose and 26 parts of water.
The preparation method of the silage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the prediction:
A. preparation of fermentation liquor: mixing lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus, lactobacillus casei, cellulase, pectinase, glucose and water according to parts by weight for later use;
B. preparation of the nutritional additive: mixing dragon fruit peel, caraway, liquorice, watermelon peel, Chinese yam peel, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, calcite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and zinc carbonate in parts by weight for later use;
C. the fermentation additive is prepared: mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1-2:2-5:1-3 for later use;
(2) preparation of silage mixture:
a. cutting the stems and leaves of the whole banana, and mechanically extruding and dehydrating until the water content is 70% for later use;
b. carrying out aerobic fermentation on the waste cassava residues, and then drying the waste cassava residues until the water content is less than 45% for later use;
c. drying the straws until the water content is less than 30 percent for later use;
d. mixing the raw materials for standby after the treatment of the steps a, b and c to obtain an ensiling mixture;
(3) ensiling treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the silage mixture obtained in the step (2) with the nutritional additive obtained in the step (1) to obtain a mixed fermentation material, paving a film on the wall of the cellar or the pool, then loading the mixed fermentation material into the cellar or the pool, sequentially paving the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8-12cm, pouring fermentation liquor, tamping, paving the mixed fermentation material upwards, repeating the method until the cellar or the pool is filled, then spraying a layer of fermentation additive, then covering a black film, then compacting by using a heavy object, then covering a cellar or a pool wood cover, and finally covering a layer of soil sealing cellar.
In the invention, further, in the step (3), when the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8-12cm is paved and then the fermentation liquor is poured, the weight ratio of the mixed fermentation material to the fermentation liquor is 90-125: 2-5.
In the invention, it is further explained that in the step a, the length of the whole plant banana stem and leaf is cut into pieces of 2-5 cm.
In the present invention, it is further specified that, in the step b, the waste cassava residues are exposed to air during aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation time is 24 to 72 hours.
In the present invention, it is further specified that, in the step c, the length of the straw is 2 to 3 cm.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the fermentation liquor, lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus and lactobacillus casei belong to homotype lactobacillus, can mutually promote to generate more lactic acid, can provide more energy to promote the growth of the lactic acid under the condition of molasses, and can exhaust air as much as possible during ensiling treatment, so that anaerobic conditions are provided to help the propagation of the lactic acid bacteria and promote the generation of the lactic acid; the cellulase and lipase added in the fermentation liquor can also be greatly propagated under the condition that the molasses provides energy, thereby generating a large amount of effective beneficial bacteria, decomposing nutritional additives,
the pitaya peel contains a large amount of cellulose, vitamins and natural pigments, the watermelon peel and the Chinese yam peel also contain a large amount of fibers, the cellulose can be released after the fermentation of the watermelon peel and the Chinese yam peel to increase the nutrition of the silage, the liquorice has the function of harmonizing the taste in the silage, so that the silage has a certain sweet licorice flavor after fermentation, the added caraway is generally used as spice, and the caraway is used for ensuring that the grease released during fermentation has a certain refreshing capacity, has the advantages of good urinary system and respiratory system, and the added rhizoma Dioscoreae has certain drug property, and has effects of nourishing stomach and invigorating spleen, and the two have the effects of promoting animal digestion, therefore, the animal has good appetite, the physiological problems of animal growth, milk production and the like are promoted, the feed can be fully utilized, the waste is avoided, the economic benefit problems of raising cost and the like are solved; the edible fruit peel and vegetable peel can also fully utilize the waste, change waste into valuable, provide a novel utilization and treatment way for the waste, the nutrient additive comprises dry materials, wet materials and mineral substances, the added fermentation liquor consists of a plurality of enzymes and zymophytes, the components of each material are different (fiber content is large, protein, fruit quality and the like), the proportion of the existing beneficial flora and harmful flora is different, the flora formed by the added fermentation liquor is added according to the characteristics of the materials, so that the beneficial flora quickly occupies the dominant position, the fermentation liquor can quickly ferment the materials, increase the acid content of the materials, inhibit the growth of the harmful flora, suppress and quickly reduce the content of harmful aspergillus flavus, and the flora such as lactobacillus and the like multiply, and can produce metabolites to inhibit fungal strains or degrade mycotoxin into nontoxic or low-toxicity compounds, thereby reducing the harm of mycotoxin, further leading the feed to not only preserve the nutrition of the feed, but also additionally add organic nutrients and mineral nutrients and enrich the nutrients of the silage; the fermentation additive is sprayed from top to bottom during silage treatment, the fermentation additive can further inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, and the spraying from top to bottom is discovered by the applicant through multiple experimental researches, the more the accumulation is, the less the amount of generated lactic acid bacteria is, the less the amount is, the growth of the harmful microorganisms is continuously inhibited, and the consistency of the mouthfeel and texture of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the silage can be better solved. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and has great popularization; the silage obtained by the invention is loose, non-sticky, glossy, yellow, sweet and strong in comfort, the ammoniacal nitrogen/total ammonia content reaches less than 5%, the total acid content reaches 1.91-2.62%, the water-soluble carbohydrate reaches 60.1-69.8%, and the pH value is 3.6-3.8.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1:
the silage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a fermented rice wine, wherein the fermented rice wine comprises 65 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 20 parts of waste cassava residues, 10 parts of straws, 3 parts of fermentation liquor, 8 parts of a nutritional additive and 1 part of a fermentation additive;
the nutrition additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, specifically 5 parts of dragon fruit peel, 2 parts of caraway, 3 parts of liquorice, 1 part of watermelon peel, 3 parts of Chinese yam peel, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 1 part of ammonia water, 1 part of calcite, 0.2 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.3 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing 10 effective bacteria in parts by weight20.3 part of Lactobacillus delbrueckii per gram, 0.5 part of Lactobacillus pentosus with an effective bacterial count of 10CFU per gram, and 10 parts of Lactobacillus pentosus20.5 part of CFU/g lactobacillus casei, 1.2 parts of cellulase, 0.3 part of protease, 0.6 part of pectinase, 1 part of glucose and 20 parts of water;
the fermentation additive is formed by mixing 8-12% of sulfuric acid, 16% of sorbic acid and 6-10% of propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1:2: 1.
The preparation method of the silage prepared according to the proportion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the prediction:
A. preparation of fermentation liquor: mixing lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus, lactobacillus casei, cellulase, pectinase, glucose and water according to parts by weight for later use;
B. preparation of the nutritional additive: mixing dragon fruit peel, caraway, liquorice, watermelon peel, Chinese yam peel, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, calcite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and zinc carbonate in parts by weight for later use;
C. the fermentation additive is prepared: mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1:2:1 for later use;
(2) preparation of silage mixture:
a. cutting the stems and leaves of the whole banana into pieces with the length of 2cm, and mechanically extruding and dehydrating the pieces until the water content is 70 percent for later use;
b. exposing the waste cassava residues to air during aerobic fermentation for 24 hours, and drying until the water content is less than 45% for later use;
c. drying 2cm long straw to water content less than 30%;
d. mixing the raw materials for standby after the treatment of the steps a, b and c to obtain an ensiling mixture;
(3) ensiling treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the silage mixture obtained in the step (2) with the nutrient additive obtained in the step (1) to obtain a mixed fermentation material, paving a film on the wall of the tank, then loading the mixed fermentation material into the tank, sequentially paving the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8cm, then pouring fermentation liquor, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed fermentation material to the fermentation liquor is 90:2, then tamping, then paving the mixed fermentation material upwards, repeating the method until the tank is filled, then pouring a layer of fermentation additive, then covering a black film, then compacting by using a weight, then covering a tank wood cover, and finally covering a layer of soil and sealing the cellar.
Example 2:
the silage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 30 parts of waste cassava residues, 15 parts of straws, 6 parts of fermentation liquor, 15 parts of nutrient additives and 5 parts of fermentation additives;
the nutrition additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, specifically 8 parts of dragon fruit peel, 4 parts of caraway, 5 parts of liquorice, 6 parts of watermelon peel, 8 parts of Chinese yam peel, 3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3 parts of ammonia water, 3 parts of calcite, 0.6 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.8 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing 10 effective bacteria in parts by weight40.8 part of CFU/g of lactobacillus delbrueckii and the effective bacterial number of the CFU/g is 1030.9 part of CFU/g of lactobacillus pentosus and 10 effective bacteria number40.9 part of CFU/g lactobacillus casei, 1.4 parts of cellulase, 0.8 part of protease, 1.2 parts of pectinase, 3 parts of glucose and 30 parts of water;
the fermentation additive is formed by mixing 12% of sulfuric acid, 23% of sorbic acid and 10% of propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 2:5: 3.
The preparation method of the silage prepared according to the proportion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the prediction:
A. preparation of fermentation liquor: mixing lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus, lactobacillus casei, cellulase, pectinase, glucose and water according to parts by weight for later use;
B. preparation of the nutritional additive: mixing dragon fruit peel, caraway, liquorice, watermelon peel, Chinese yam peel, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, calcite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and zinc carbonate in parts by weight for later use;
C. the fermentation additive is prepared: mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 2:5:3 for later use;
(2) preparation of silage mixture:
a. cutting the stems and leaves of the whole banana plant to 5cm, mechanically extruding and dehydrating until the water content is 70% for later use;
b. exposing the waste cassava residues to air during aerobic fermentation for 72 hours, and drying until the water content is less than 45% for later use;
c. drying straws with the length of 3cm until the water content is less than 30% for later use;
d. mixing the raw materials for standby after the treatment of the steps a, b and c to obtain an ensiling mixture;
(3) ensiling treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the silage mixture obtained in the step (2) with the nutritional additive obtained in the step (1) to obtain a mixed fermentation material, paving a film on the wall of the cellar, then loading the mixed fermentation material into the cellar, sequentially paving 12 cm-thick mixed fermentation material, pouring fermentation liquor, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed fermentation material to the fermentation liquor is 125:5, tamping, paving the mixed fermentation material upwards, repeating the method until the cellar is filled with the mixed fermentation material, then pouring a layer of fermentation additive, then covering a black film, compacting by using a heavy object, covering a cellar wood cover, and finally covering a layer of soil to seal the cellar.
Example 3:
the silage is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 26 parts of waste cassava residues, 12 parts of straws, 4 parts of fermentation liquor, 11 parts of nutritional additives and 3 parts of fermentation additives;
the nutrition additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, specifically 7 parts of pitaya peel, 3 parts of caraway, 4 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of watermelon peel, 6 parts of Chinese yam peel, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonia water, 2 parts of calcite, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.6 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing 10 effective bacteria in parts by weight20.5 part of CFU/g of lactobacillus delbrueckii and the effective bacterial number of the CFU/g is 1030.7 part of CFU/g of lactobacillus pentosus and 10 effective bacteria number40.7 part of CFU/g lactobacillus casei, 1.3 parts of cellulase, 0.5 part of protease, 1.0 part of pectinase, 2 parts of glucose and 26 parts of water;
the fermentation additive is formed by mixing 10% of sulfuric acid, 19% of sorbic acid and 8% of propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1:3: 2.
The preparation method of the silage prepared according to the proportion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the prediction:
A. preparation of fermentation liquor: mixing lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus, lactobacillus casei, cellulase, pectinase, glucose and water according to parts by weight for later use;
B. preparation of the nutritional additive: mixing dragon fruit peel, caraway, liquorice, watermelon peel, Chinese yam peel, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, calcite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and zinc carbonate in parts by weight for later use;
C. the fermentation additive is prepared: mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1:3:2 for later use;
(2) preparation of silage mixture:
a. cutting the stem and leaf of the whole plant of banana into 2-5cm long, and mechanically squeezing to dehydrate until the water content is 70% for later use;
b. exposing the waste cassava residues to air during aerobic fermentation for 40 hours, and drying until the water content is less than 45% for later use;
c. drying 2-3cm long straw to water content less than 30%;
d. mixing the raw materials for standby after the treatment of the steps a, b and c to obtain an ensiling mixture;
(3) ensiling treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the silage mixture obtained in the step (2) with the nutrient additive obtained in the step (1) to obtain a mixed fermentation material, paving a film on the wall of the tank, then filling the mixed fermentation material into the tank, sequentially paving the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8-12cm, then pouring fermentation liquor, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed fermentation material to the fermentation liquor is 90-125:2-5, then tamping, then paving the mixed fermentation material upwards, repeating the method until the tank is filled, then pouring a layer of fermentation additive, then covering a black film, then pressing the black film with a heavy object, covering a tank wood cover, and finally covering a layer of soil to seal the cellar.
Comparative example 1:
the procedure was the same as in example 3, except that no nutritional supplement was added.
Comparative example 2:
the specific procedure is substantially the same as in example 3, except that the effective bacteria count of the fermentation broth is 1030.7 part of CFU/g lactobacillus pentosus, 1.3 parts of cellulase, 0.5 part of protease, 1.0 part of pectinase, 2 parts of glucose and 26 parts of water.
Comparative example 3: the procedure is substantially the same as in example 3, except that no fermentation additive is added in step (3).
Taking 300g of silage out of 28 days after the cellar is sealed in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, detecting in a laboratory, and determining the content of crude protein by adopting a GB/T6432 Kjeldahl method; measuring the content of crude fat by a GB/T6433 Soxhlet extraction method; determining dry matter content by adopting a GB/T6435 high-temperature drying method; measuring energy by using a bomb calorimeter; the neutral detergent fiber content was determined by the VanSoest method. The silage obtained in examples 1-3 is tested to have less than 5% loss of main nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, energy, neutral detergent fiber); comparative example 1 the silage obtained has a loss of 25% of the main nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, energy, neutral detergent fibre); comparative example 2 the silage obtained has a loss of 16% of the main nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, energy, neutral detergent fibres); the silage obtained in comparative example 3 has a loss of 11% of the main nutrients (crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, energy, neutral detergent fibres).
The silage is taken out from the working examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 in 28 days after the cellar is sealed to feed the cows, 5 cows are taken in each group, the variety of each cow is the same, the gestation time and the lactation time are similar, the body weight of the cow is 139-142 kg in the milk producing period, 3 cows are eaten in one day, 9 jin are eaten, and the milk yield of the test cow in 7 days in the test period 1 is as shown in the following table.
| Item | Every day milk/kg |
| Example 1 | 22.3 |
| Example 2 | 21.8 |
| Example 3 | 21.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18.0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 18.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 19.2 |
As can be seen from the table, the silage obtained by the method has obvious advantages in milk yield compared with the comparative ratio when used for feeding dairy cows.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ensilage characterized in that: the composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the plant-based edible fungus fermentation broth comprises, by weight, 65-80 parts of whole banana stems and leaves, 20-30 parts of waste cassava residues, 10-15 parts of straws, 3-6 parts of fermentation broth, 8-15 parts of nutritional additives and 1-5 parts of fermentation additives;
the nutritional additive is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-8 parts of dragon fruit peel, 2-4 parts of caraway, 3-5 parts of liquorice, 1-6 parts of watermelon peel, 3-8 parts of Chinese yam peel, 1-3 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of ammonia water, 1-3 parts of calcite, 0.2-0.6 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.3-0.8 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing, by weight, 0.3-0.8 part of lactobacillus delbrueckii, 0.5-0.9 part of lactobacillus pentosus, 0.5-0.9 part of lactobacillus casei, 1.2-1.4 parts of cellulase, 0.3-0.8 part of protease, 0.6-1.2 parts of pectinase, 1-3 parts of glucose and 20-30 parts of water;
the fermentation additive is formed by mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1-2:2-5: 1-3;
the preparation method of the silage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the prediction:
A. preparation of fermentation liquor: mixing lactobacillus delbrueckii, lactobacillus pentosus, lactobacillus casei, cellulase, pectinase, glucose and water according to parts by weight for later use;
B. preparation of the nutritional additive: mixing dragon fruit peel, caraway, liquorice, watermelon peel and Chinese yam peel, ammonium sulfate, ammonia water, calcite, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and zinc carbonate in parts by weight for later use;
C. the fermentation additive is prepared: mixing sulfuric acid, sorbic acid and propionic acid according to the volume ratio of 1-2:2-5:1-3 for later use; the mass concentration of the sulfuric acid is 8-12%; the mass concentration of the sorbic acid is 16-23%; the mass concentration of the propionic acid is 6-10%;
(2) preparation of silage mixture:
a. cutting the stems and leaves of the whole banana, and mechanically extruding and dehydrating until the water content is 70% for later use;
b. carrying out aerobic fermentation on the waste cassava residues, and then drying the waste cassava residues until the water content is less than 45% for later use;
c. drying the straws until the water content is less than 30 percent for later use;
d. mixing the raw materials for standby after the treatment of the steps a, b and c to obtain an ensiling mixture;
(3) ensiling treatment: and (3) uniformly mixing the silage mixture obtained in the step (2) with the nutritional additive obtained in the step (1) to obtain a mixed fermentation material, paving a film on the wall of the cellar or the pool, then loading the mixed fermentation material into the cellar or the pool, sequentially paving the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8-12cm, pouring fermentation liquor, tamping, paving the mixed fermentation material upwards, repeating the method until the cellar or the pool is filled, then spraying a layer of fermentation additive, then covering a black film, then compacting by using a heavy object, then covering a cellar or a pool wood cover, and finally covering a layer of soil sealing cellar.
2. A silage according to claim 1, characterised in that: the effective bacterial number of the lactobacillus delbrueckii is 102-104Effective bacteria amount of Lactobacillus pentosus 10-10/g3The effective bacteria number of the CFU/g lactobacillus casei is 102-104CFU/g。
3. A silage according to claim 1, characterised in that: the nutrition additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, specifically 7 parts of pitaya peel, 3 parts of caraway, 4 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of watermelon peel, 6 parts of Chinese yam peel, 2 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of ammonia water, 2 parts of calcite, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 0.6 part of zinc carbonate;
the fermentation liquor is prepared by mixing, by weight, 0.5 part of lactobacillus delbrueckii, 0.7 part of lactobacillus pentosus, 0.7 part of lactobacillus casei, 1.3 parts of cellulase, 0.5 part of protease, 1.0 part of pectinase, 2 parts of glucose and 26 parts of water.
4. The silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), when the fermentation liquor is poured after the mixed fermentation material with the thickness of 8-12cm is paved, the weight ratio of the mixed fermentation material to the fermentation liquor is 90-125: 2-5.
5. The silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the length of the whole plant banana stem and leaf is 2-5cm after being cut.
6. The silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step b, the waste cassava dregs are exposed to the air during aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation time is 24-72 hours.
7. The silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step c, the length of the straw is 2-3 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611249533.9A CN106615659B (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Silage and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107006687A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-04 | 牙朝晖 | A kind of feed rich in any of several broadleaf plants cauline leaf |
| CN108522861A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-14 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of compound microbial agent and the method for preparing microbial straw |
| CN114680236A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-01 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving fermentation quality of cassava silage and prepared feed |
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| CN104322438A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-02-04 | 河口鑫利畜牧产业有限公司 | Method for breeding cattle by using banana stems and leaves |
| CN105248861A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-20 | 广西武宣金泰丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Cassava straw silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN105410350A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 全椒县同创养羊专业合作社 | Composite silage suitable for south and preparation method of composite silage |
| CN105795098A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 广西中粮生物质能源有限公司 | Cassava dregs feed and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104322438A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-02-04 | 河口鑫利畜牧产业有限公司 | Method for breeding cattle by using banana stems and leaves |
| CN105795098A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 广西中粮生物质能源有限公司 | Cassava dregs feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105248861A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-20 | 广西武宣金泰丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Cassava straw silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN105410350A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 全椒县同创养羊专业合作社 | Composite silage suitable for south and preparation method of composite silage |
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