CN108522861A - A kind of compound microbial agent and the method for preparing microbial straw - Google Patents
A kind of compound microbial agent and the method for preparing microbial straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN108522861A CN108522861A CN201810162472.5A CN201810162472A CN108522861A CN 108522861 A CN108522861 A CN 108522861A CN 201810162472 A CN201810162472 A CN 201810162472A CN 108522861 A CN108522861 A CN 108522861A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fodder grass modulation processing and bio-additive applied technical fields, and in particular to a kind of compound microbial agent and the method for preparing microbial straw.The compound microbial agent, includes each component of following parts by weight：0.15 part~0.46 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.15 part~0.35 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.46 part~2.00 parts of cellulase, 1.50 parts~5.00 parts of zytase, 70.00 parts~81.00 parts of brown sugar, 14.00 parts~16.00 parts of salt, 0.80 part~1.00 parts of acidulant.Microbial working process is carried out to straw using this formula, the palatability of straw can not only be improved and improve the straw feed intake of ruminant, it can be with the fibrous matter in efficient degradation straw, to improve the digestibility and utilization efficiency of carbohydrate, protein and minerals in cud in microbial straw, more nutriments is made to can be used for the growth of ruminant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fodder grass modulation processing and bio-additive applied technical fields, and in particular to a kind of compound microbial
Agent and the method for preparing microbial straw.
Background technology
It will produce a large amount of straw in the harvesting process of early rice and late rice, and straw through processing is not because of its nutrition
It is poor to be worth low and palatability, significantly limits straw as feedstuff for ruminants such as rear cattles, causes a large amount of
Straw is directly incinerated in rice field, causes serious environmental pollution, and country, which has put into effect relevant laws and regulations and sternly punishes straw, burns
Burning behavior.To improve the fodder utilization rate of straw and reducing the environmental pollution caused by rice straw burning, there is an urgent need to develop
The straw working process technology of highly effective, to improve the Feeding Value of straw, increase straw makes in ruminant is raised
Dosage provides feed resource guarantee with environmental protection and for the lasting high-efficient development of ruminant.
Currently, straw working process is had 2 kinds at the technology of ruminant feed：One is straw ammonification technologies, by ammonia
Water or aqueous solution of urea are added to by a certain percentage in the straw in ammonification pond or ammonification bag, utilize the ammonia or urea in ammonium hydroxide
It decomposes the ammonia generated to handle straw, to increase the nitrogen content of straw and destroy the compact texture of straw, improves straw
Feeding value.Existing ammonium hydroxide Ammoniated rice straw technology has the following disadvantages：Ammonium hydroxide purchase is inconvenient；Ammonium hydroxide has strong impulse
Property and corrosivity, it is inconvenient to use, easily user is damaged；Remaining ammonia can also damage ruminant in Ammoniated rice straw
Eyes；It is very limited to fibrous matter structural damage in straw, digestibility and utilization effect of the straw in cud cannot be effectively improved
Rate.Existing urea ammoniated straw technology has the following disadvantages：Ammonification effect is influenced by ambient temperature big, the inefficient fruit of winter temperature
Difference；The ammonification time is long；It is insufficient to fibrous matter structural damage in straw, digestion profit of the straw in cud cannot be effectively improved
Use efficiency.
Another kind is the microorganism ensiling (microbial) of straw, and one or more microorganism fungus kinds are added to by a certain percentage
In straw in microbial pond or microbial bag, the lactic acid generated using microorganism during microbial softens straw, meanwhile, it is micro-
The mass propagation of biology can provide mycoprotein, to increase the protein content of straw.Existing single or complex microorganism is micro-
Storage straw technology has the following disadvantages：Microorganism cannot effectively in degradation of rice straw fibrous matter, affect straw in cud
Digestibility and utilization efficiency；Easily there is a phenomenon where spoilage organisms undue growth during microbial, cause microbial effect undesirable or failure.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned shortcoming of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of compound microbial agent and prepares microbial straw
Method.Microbial working process is carried out to straw using this formula, can not only improve the palatability of straw and raising ruminate it is dynamic
The straw feed intake of object can make more macromolecular complex be changed into small molecular with the fibrous matter in efficient degradation straw
Substance makes more to improve the digestibility and utilization efficiency of carbohydrate, protein and minerals in cud in microbial straw
Nutriment can be used for the growth of ruminant.
A kind of compound microbial agent of the present invention, includes each component of following parts by weight：0.15 part of bacillus subtilis~
0.46 part, 0.15 part~0.35 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.46 part~2.00 parts of cellulase, 1.50 parts~5.00 parts of zytase,
70.00 parts~81.00 parts of brown sugar, 14.00 parts~16.00 parts of salt, 0.80 part~1.00 parts of acidulant.
Preferably, the compound microbial agent, includes each component of following parts by weight：Bacillus subtilis 0.30 part~0.35
Part, 0.30 part~0.35 part of enterococcus faecalis, 1.50 parts~2.00 parts of cellulase, 4.00 parts~5.00 parts of zytase, brown sugar
70.00 parts~80.00 parts, 14.00 parts~16.00 parts of salt, 0.80 part~1.00 parts of acidulant；It is highly preferred that described compound
Microbial agent includes each component of following parts by weight：0.31 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.31 part of enterococcus faecalis, cellulase 1.54
Part, 4.62 parts of zytase, 76.92 parts of brown sugar, 15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
Preferably, the acidulant be citric acid, be added citric acid have it is anti-oxidant, adjust pH value, reduce dry matter and
The effect of protein losses.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of microbial straw, include the following steps：
(1) microbial agent aqueous solution is prepared：First part's water, compound microbial agent and first part are added into compound microbial agent
The mass ratio of water is 1:(2.8~3.5)；Second part water, compound microbial agent and second part water are added into compound microbial agent
Mass ratio be 1:(15~16) are uniformly mixed so as to obtain microbial agent aqueous solution；The compound microbial agent is as described above；
(2) dry rice straw is packed into microbial bag, microbial agent aqueous solution, microbial agent aqueous solution and dry rice straw is sprayed to dry rice straw
Mass ratio be (1.0~1.5)：1, the water content for controlling straw is 55%~65%；
(3) straw in bag is compressed, air in bag is discharged, sack is tightened, is placed 12~16 days at 20 DEG C~30 DEG C.
Preferably, microbial agent is prepared by the following method in step (1)：Bacillus subtilis, excrement are weighed according to formula ratio
Enterococcus, cellulase, zytase, brown sugar, salt and acidulant are uniformly mixed at room temperature after being ground into powdery.
Preferably, the temperature of first part's water is 30 DEG C~40 DEG C in step (1).
Preferably, the mass ratio of microbial agent and first part's water is 1 in step (1)：3.0.
Preferably, the mass ratio of microbial agent and second part water is 1 in step (1)：15.5.
Preferably, the mass ratio of microbial agent aqueous solution and dry rice straw is 1.2 in step (2)：1.
Preferably, the water content of step (2) straw is 60%.
Compared with prior art, compound microbial agent of the present invention selects cellulase and zytase and lactic acid producing prebiotic
Bacterium (bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis) carries out prescription, and has obtained cellulase, zytase, withered grass by experiment sieving
The broiler diets of bacillus and enterococcus faecalis.According to probiotics and enzyme with dry rice straw be main substrate specificity the characteristics of, knot
The growing nutrient needs and cellulase and the pH models needed for zytase performance enzyme activity for closing bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis
It encloses, screening has obtained dosage suitable and that each additive (brown sugar, salt, acidulant) is determined.
This compound microbial agent is used to prepare microbial straw, compared with common straw, is had the following advantages that：
(1) the sour aromatic flavour of microbial straw, soft texture.
(2) palatability of microbial straw is good, compared with untreated dry rice straw, the microbial straw substance feed intake of beef cattle
It can be improved 15~23%.
(3) compared with untreated dry rice straw, the thick protein of microbial straw improves 21.29%, and neutral detergent
Fiber and acid detergent fiber reduce 27.40% and 35.56% respectively.
Specific implementation mode
The invention discloses a kind of compound microbial agent and the method for preparing microbial straw, those skilled in the art to use for reference
Present disclosure is suitably modified technological parameter realization.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications are to this field skill
It is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention for art personnel.The present invention method and application by compared with
Good embodiment is described, related personnel obviously can not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to as described herein
Methods and applications are modified or suitably change and combine, to realize and apply the technology of the present invention.
In the present invention, the bacillus subtilis used and enterococcus faecalis product can be obtained by probiotics professional production company
It obtains, such as Jiangxi Xin Wei Bioisystech Co., Ltd, the viable count of bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis is not low respectively in product
In 1 × 1011CFU/g, other unaccounted materials are common commercially available product, can be bought and be obtained by market.
Embodiment 1：The preparation of compound microbial agent
(1) it carries out weighing respectively according to adding proportion shown in following microbial formulas 1~3 after formula material is ground into powdery
It is uniformly mixed at room temperature and respectively obtains compound microbial agent.
Microbial is formulated 1 (by weight)：
0.31 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.31 part of enterococcus faecalis, 1.54 parts of cellulase, 4.62 parts of zytase, brown sugar
76.92 parts, 15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
Microbial is formulated 2 (by weight)：
0.15 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.15 part of enterococcus faecalis, 1.54 parts of cellulase, 1.54 parts of zytase, brown sugar
80.31 parts, 15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
Microbial is formulated 3 (by weight)：
0.46 part of bacillus subtilis, 0.15 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.46 part of cellulase, 4.62 parts of zytase, brown sugar
73.85 parts, 15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
(2) the compound microbial agent after mixing is dissolved separately in 30~40 DEG C of warm water to obtain compound microbial agent water-soluble
Compound microbial agent aqueous solution is equably sprinkled upon the (ratio of microbial agent aqueous solution and dry rice straw in the dry rice straw in polybag by liquid
It is 1:1.2), then it is sprinkled into bean cake powder, the mass ratio of bean cake powder and straw is 0.18:1, being sprinkled into bean cake powder can be to probiotics
Fast-growth provides carbon source and nitrogen source and content (height that can be according to environment temperature and the behaviour that can increase crude protein in microbial straw
The convenience of work decides whether to add bean cake powder in straw microbial), it is compacted straw in bag and then sack is received so that air is discharged
It tightly and in U-typed inverts, sack is tightened with band, place 7,14,21 and 28 days respectively at room temperature, while at every point of time
It acquires sample to detect for analyzing, detection project includes：Neutral detergent fiber content, the acidity of crude protein content, microbial straw
Washing fiber content and pH value, test result are shown in Table 1：
Table 1
The microbial straw of microbial formula 1-3 processing can reduce neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in straw,
Promote the crude protein content in straw；Specifically, as can be seen from Table 1, the microbial straw phase of 2 and 3 processing groups is formulated with microbial
Than the neutral and acid detergent fiber content that microbial is formulated 1 processing group microbial straw is minimum, this illustrates that microbial is formulated 1 processing group
Fibrous matter content in microbial straw reduces, and so as to there is more nutriments that can be digested utilization, improves microbial
The nutritive value and utilization ratio of straw, meanwhile, find that microbial is formulated the sour fragrance and color and luster of 1 processing group microbial straw in experiment
Respectively it is better than the microbial straw of other 2 processing groups, therefore, microbial formula 1 is preferable scheme in 3 processing groups.
Embodiment 2：The preparation of microbial straw
Below with 1 production microbial straw of microbial formula, specific operation process is as follows：
(1) each raw material is weighed up according to the dosage of various raw materials in microbial agent prescription respectively and be uniformly mixed；
The compound microbial agent, includes each component of following parts by weight：0.31 part of bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis 0.31
Part, 1.54 parts of cellulase, 4.62 parts of zytase, 76.92 parts of brown sugar, 15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
(2) dosage that 6.5 kilograms of compound microbial agent are added by every 100 kilograms of dry rice straws weighs up microbial agent, is put into big plastics
In bucket, the warm water for being first 30~40 DEG C with 20 kilograms of water temperatures dissolves microbial agent, then adds 100 kilograms of clear water, stirs evenly.
(3) dry rice straw is packed into polybag, the ratio handle of 1.2 kilograms of microbial agent aqueous solutions is sprayed in 1 kilogram of dry rice straw
Microbial agent aqueous solution is spilled into the straw in bag, makes the water content of straw up to 60% or so.
(4) straw in bag is compressed, air in bag is discharged, sack is tightened and is in U-typed reversion, sack is pricked with band
Tightly, it places 14 days at room temperature, you can open bag use.
Embodiment 3：
Thick protein, neutral detergent fiber content and acidity are washed in the microbial straw that detection 2 method of embodiment is prepared
The content of fiber is washed, while the straw for detecting non-microbial is as a comparison, using Kjeldahl nitrogen determination CP contents and uses Van
Soest methods measure neutral and acid detergent fiber content, and testing result is shown in Table 2：
Table 2
| Classification | Thick protein | Neutral detergent fiber | Acid detergent fiber |
| Microbial straw | 5.47% | 48.58% | 21.58% |
| Untreated straw | 4.51% | 66.91% | 33.48% |
By upper table：Compared with untreated dry rice straw, the thick protein of microbial straw improves 21.29%,
And neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber reduce 27.40% and 35.56% respectively.
Microbial straw prepared by embodiment 2 is detected into microbial straw of the present invention for the raising of beef cattle for beef cattle
The influence of feed intake, specific method for breeding are：Western miscellaneous beef cattle similar in 10 weight is randomly divided into 2 processing groups and processing
Difference is not notable between the average weight (349.3kg vs 351.2kg) of group beef cattle, one of processing group beef cattle feeding mixing
Supplement material and microbial straw, another processing group beef cattle feeding mix supplement material and untreated straw；2 processing groups are given daily
Beef cattle feeds the mix supplement material of identical quantity, and then, microbial straw, unprocessed straw group is freely eaten in microbial straw group beef cattle
Unprocessed straw is freely eaten in beef cattle, and records the feeding capacity of each processing group beef cattle daily and remaining doses, uses feeding capacity
Feed intake can be calculated by subtracting remaining doses, the results are shown in Table 3：
Table 3
As a result show that the palatability of microbial straw is good, compared with untreated dry rice straw, the microbial straw substance of beef cattle
Feed intake can be improved 17.9%.
The above case study on implementation be to the present invention be specifically described for example, technical staff belonging to the present invention can be with
Various concrete cases are modified or supplemented.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compound microbial agent, which is characterized in that include each component of following parts by weight：0.15 part of bacillus subtilis~
0.46 part, 0.15 part~0.35 part of enterococcus faecalis, 0.46 part~2.00 parts of cellulase, 1.50 parts~5.00 parts of zytase,
70.00 parts~81.00 parts of brown sugar, 14.00 parts~16.00 parts of salt, 0.80 part~1.00 parts of acidulant.
2. a kind of compound microbial agent according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include each component of following parts by weight：It is withered
0.30 part~0.35 part of careless bacillus, 0.30 part~0.35 part of enterococcus faecalis, 1.50 parts~2.00 parts of cellulase, xylan
4.00 parts~5.00 parts of enzyme, 70.00 parts~80.00 parts of brown sugar, 14.00 parts~16.00 parts of salt, acidulant 0.80 part~1.00
Part.
3. a kind of compound microbial agent according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include each component of following parts by weight：It is withered
0.31 part of careless bacillus, 0.31 part of enterococcus faecalis, 1.54 parts of cellulase, 4.62 parts of zytase, 76.92 parts of brown sugar, food
15.38 parts of salt, 0.92 part of acidulant.
4. a kind of compound microbial agent according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the acidulant is citric acid.
5. a kind of preparation method of microbial straw, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) microbial agent aqueous solution is prepared：First part's water, compound microbial agent and first part's water are added into compound microbial agent
Mass ratio is 1:(2.8~3.5)；Second part water, the matter of compound microbial agent and second part water are added into compound microbial agent
Amount is than being 1:(15~16) are uniformly mixed so as to obtain microbial agent aqueous solution；The compound microbial agent is as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4；
(2) dry rice straw is packed into microbial bag, microbial agent aqueous solution, the matter of microbial agent aqueous solution and dry rice straw is sprayed to dry rice straw
Amount is than being (1.0~1.5)：1, the water content for controlling straw is 55%~65%；
(3) straw in bag is compressed, air in bag is discharged, sack is tightened, is placed 12~16 days at 20 DEG C~30 DEG C.
6. a kind of preparation method of microbial straw according to claim 5, which is characterized in that first part in step (1)
The temperature of water is 30 DEG C~40 DEG C.
7. a kind of preparation method of microbial straw according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that microbial agent in step (1)
Mass ratio with first part water is 1：3.0.
8. according to a kind of preparation method of microbial straw of claim 5~7 any one of them, which is characterized in that in step (1)
The mass ratio of microbial agent and second part water is 1：15.5.
9. according to a kind of preparation method of microbial straw of claim 5~8 any one of them, which is characterized in that in step (2)
The mass ratio of microbial agent aqueous solution and dry rice straw is 1.2：1.
10. according to a kind of preparation method of microbial straw of claim 5~9 any one of them, which is characterized in that step (2)
The water content of straw is 60%.
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| KR20120126917A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-21 | 한국생명공학연구원 | Bacillus subtilis IN-55, Lactobacillus plantarum BT-77 and Method for Manufacturing Silage Using the Same |
| CN105341364A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-24 | 南宁学院 | Straw ensiling method |
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