CN101828637B - Fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration (TMR) for dairy cows and a preparation method thereof. The fermented TMR is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass in terms of dry weight: 30 to 40 percent of fodder grass, 25 to 30 percent of forage crop silage, 5 to 10 percent of protein feed, 15 to 20 percent of energy feed, 1 to 2 percent of molasses, 5 to 10 percent of food processing by-products, 0.5 to 1.2 percent of premix compound, 1 to 2 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 to 1 percent of stone dust, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of common salt, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 to 0. 2 percent of magnesium oxide; wherein the raw materials are prepared into the fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for medium and high yield dairy cows through the steps of weighing, water content adjustment, mixing, and fermentation after wrapping. A mixed batch obviously improves the quality of a feed after fermentation, effectively improves the feed intake of the dairy cows, improves the palatability and the digestibility of the feed, and can obviously improve the production performance of animals; the fermentation improves the storage performance of the feed, and makes a mixed feed have high aerobic stability, so the feed is convenient for commercialization, storage and transportation, and is favorable for modernized intensive feeding of the dairy cows. The technique has important practicability and application promotion values.

Description

Fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the livestock feed manufacture field, be specifically related to a kind of fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows and preparation method thereof.

Background technology

TMR is the abbreviation of English Total Mixed Rations (TRM); It is nutrient formulation according to domestic animal; To contain a kind of nutrient balance daily ration that roughage, concentrated feed, mineral matter and the vitamins etc. such as hay, ensilage or other agricultural byproducts of desired nutritional composition evenly mix, water content generally is controlled to be 35～45%.It is that a kind of feed that the U.S. succeeds in developing the sixties in 20th century cooperates, the technology of feeding, and the flourishing country of the American-European animal husbandry nineties in 20th century is widely used, and the Israel in Asia, Japan, Korea S use also early.In recent years some large-scale cattle farms of China also begin to utilize the TMR breeding technology.

Milk cow great majority based on China are small-scale raising patterns; Present stage popularizes the TMR breeding technology and exists certain fund and technical difficulty; Make the small-scale plant and the raiser that account for the overwhelming majority also can use the TMR breeding technology, have only delivery service through TMR.The dispensing of TMR feed is a kind of new feed supply and service form; It is meant by home-delivery center gather materials on the spot, the TMR daily ration in different raising stages of centralized production; Offer the milk cattle cultivating family of periphery again, and the method for service that provides TMR to feed correlation technique consulting to the raiser.

The TMR daily ration is generally joined existing usefulness at present, can not be stored for a long time, and the dispensing of present stage TMR still can not realize a day dispensing.Discover that the TMR daily ration generally just began the heating change in back 24 hours in preparation and loses, and not only caused the serious waste of feed, and can reduce the feed intake of palatability and feed dry, caused that production performance descends.Therefore, realize the commercialization of TMR and be prone to storing and need carry out certain packing and store and handle to it.Fermentation TMR is to be core with the TMR technology, carries out the sealing storage of a period of time to the TMR feed that modulates, and passes through lactic fermentation and the full price fermented feed that is modulated into.Its advantage is in the nutritive value that reaches effective maintenance TMR raw material, through lactic fermentation some nutritional imbalances and the relatively poor byproduct of palatability are improved, and improves their utilization rate.And the bioactivator that produces through fermentation can increase its surcharge, and improves the storage property of TMR, is convenient to commercialization and the circulation of TMR.Facts have proved, can realize effective storage of TMR certain hour through fermentation, and then can realize circulation and the commercialization of TMR, make some medium and small vaccaries, raiser also can use the TMR daily ration.

At present, roughage is of poor quality in the most milk cow forage of China, and the ratio of concentrated feed in daily ration is too high, and milk cow metabolic disease takes place frequently, and causes the output of milk of milk cow not high, dairy farmer's feeding cost and disease prevention and cure cost increase.Therefore, be primary raw material with high-quality forage grass (containing forage crop), the low-concentrate type fermented full daily ration new technology of mixing of research and development comprehensive nutrition, digestibility height, good palatability, aerobic good stability has important practical significance and practical value.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows and preparation method thereof.

Fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows provided by the present invention is processed by the raw material of following quality percentage composition, and the quality of said raw material is all with dry weight basis:

Forage grass 30-40%

Forage crop ensiling 25-30%

Protein feed 5-10%

Energy feed 15-20%

Food processing byproduct 5-12%

Molasses 1-2%

Premix 0.5-0.7%

Calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1-2%

Stone flour 0.5-1%

Sodium bicarbonate 0.4-0.6%

Magnesia 0.1-0.2%

Salt 0.2-0.3%;

Wherein, in every kilogram of said premix, vitamin A >=320000IU, vitamin D >=50000IU, vitamin E >=1500IU, zinc >=5g, manganese >=5g, copper >=1g, iron >=8g, iodine >=0.08g, selenium >=0.02g, cobalt >=0.03g, surplus is a carrier.

Said forage grass comprises clover, sheep's hay, ladder grass, rye grass, halymenia dentata, sudangrass, red clover, Bai Sanye etc., both can also can be ensiling forage grass for dried forage grass; Be preferably alfalfa hay, alfalfa ensilage and sheep's hay.

Said forage crop ensiling comprises corn silage, jowar ensiling, oat ensiling, barley silage etc., preferred corn silage.

Protein feeds is meant that crude protein content is more than 20% in the feed dry, and crude fiber content is at the feed below 18%, and it can be divided into vegetable protein feed and animal protein feed two big classes.The used protein feed of the present invention belongs to the vegetable protein feed, is specially dregs of beans and cotton dregs.

Energy feed is meant that the crude fibre amount is lower than 18% in the feed dry, and crude protein content is lower than 20%, and is rich in carbohydrate, the feed that various nutrient digestibility are all very high.Be mainly the higher grain trough of some content of starch such as corn, Chinese sorghum etc. account for about 20% of TMR commonly used on the feed industry.

Said food processing byproduct specifically can be brewex's grains and green tea beverage slag.The fresh beer vinasse that brewex's grains are discharged for beer factory; The green tea beverage slag is the residue of the green tea beverage of beverage plant discharge.Calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, both account for about 2.5% of TMR.Premix is made up of trace element, vitamin and carrier, accounts for the 0.5-0.7% of TMR, and wherein vitamin is main with vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E; Trace element is main with Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, I and Se.

The preparation method of above-mentioned fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows, step is following:

1) pre-treatment of raw material: with said forage grass and forage crop chopping, length is controlled at 10-30mm; Corn is carried out pulverization process;

2) according to above-mentioned raw material and the said raw material of proportioning weighing of processing fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows; Said raw material is rendered in the TRM mixer according to the ascending order of proportion again and mixed, regulating the raw material water content in the mixed process is 40-50%;

3) after raw material mixes, compound wrapped up in the ensiling wrapping machine bag is handled or the bag silo of packing into vacuumizes sealing, preserve fermentation then, in fermentation 3-4 week, promptly obtain said fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows.

The present invention is a primary raw material with high-quality forage grass (containing forage crop) and food processing accessory substance; Through mixing with nutritional labelings such as concentrated feed, vitamin, trace elements; Through adjusting suitable moisture; Sealing and fermenting forms milk cow with forage grass type complete feed product, the new technology and the effective way of opening up forage grass and food processing byproduct resources effective utilization then.This forage grass type fermentation TMR has not only improved the storage effect of TMR, and simultaneously, the process lactic fermentation can improve the palatability of forage grass and feed, improves the dry matter intake of domestic animal; And, can effectively utilize food processing byproduct, the new feed resource of exploitation of high-moisture, reduce feed cost.

The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, and it has following characteristics:

1, be the physiological requirement that primary raw material meets ruminant with high-quality forage grass, forage crop, joint grain, environmental protection;

2, add compositions such as food processing byproduct, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, vitamin and trace element; Can improve concentrations of nutrient; Make mixed feed reach the balance of various nutrients, become unique mixed feed that can satisfy the milk cow desired nutritional;

3, the fermentation TMR that after fermentation process, processes of batch has not only improved palatability and dry matter intake, obviously improves the production performance of animal; And the bioactivator that produces through beneficial microbe self and fermentation thereof can improve its surcharge, promotes the health status of domestic animal; Simultaneously, good aerobic stability can not take place to become within least 1 week behind the Kaifeng and lose; The fermentation TMR of wrapping up in bag through ensiling wrapping machine tool is convenient to transportation, storage, circulation and utilization; Can make the cattle farm of middle and small scale and raise peasant household scattered and also can utilize TMR through dispensing, improve the output and the quality of milk with TMR Mixing Machine.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 prepares the process chart of fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows for the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the aerobic steadiness of the forage grass type fermentation TMR of embodiment 1 and 2 preparations.

The specific embodiment

The preparation of forage grass type fermentation TMR provided by the present invention may further comprise the steps:

(1) high-quality forage grass, forage crop and food processing byproduct prepare mixed entirely raw materials used alfalfa hay and ensiling, corn silage, sheep's hay, fresh beer vinasse, green tea beverage slag, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, molasses, vitamin and the microelement pre-mix material etc. of comprising of daily ration of milk cow.

Wherein, dregs of beans is commercially available soybean cake dregs, and protein content is about 48%.Cotton dregs are commercially available cotton cake dregs, and crude protein content is about 40%; Corn is commercially available corn, and comprehensive net energy content is more than the 7.2MJ/kg, needs to pulverize before using; The fresh beer vinasse that brewex's grains are discharged for beer factory; The green tea beverage slag is the residue of the green tea beverage of beverage plant discharge.Commercially available calcium monohydrogen phosphate, stone flour, both account for about 2.5% of TMR.Premix is made up of trace element, vitamin and carrier, accounts for the 0.5-0.7% of TMR, and wherein vitamin is main with vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E; Trace element is main with Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, I and Se.

(2) pre-treatment of raw material comprises that mainly prescinding of clover, corn silage and sheep's hay handled and the pulverization process of grain trough.Forage grass, forage crop and stalk cut off with the forage grass chopping machine, and length is controlled at about 10～30mm; Corn is pulverized before using in the grain trough.

(3) each raw material is carried out accurate weighing respectively by listed amount in the prescription.

(4) modulation of raw material with mix, the raw material that weighs up rendered in the TMR mixer by the ascending order of proportion successively mixed, moisture is adjusted at 40～50%.

(5) raw material is after the TMR mixer fully mixes, and wraps up in the ensiling wrapping machine that bag is handled or the bag silo of packing into vacuumizes sealing.Wrap up in bag or pack back in outdoor storage fermentation, fermentation both can break a seal and feed in 3～4 weeks.

(6) flavor evaluation of forage grass type fermentation TMR.The flavor evaluation of fermentation TMR mainly comprises on-site evaluation (comprising subjective appreciation, pH) and laboratory evaluation (comprising fermented quality such as moisture, pH, organic acid, ammoniacal nitrogen and feed ingredient etc.).

The present invention will be described through specific embodiment below, but do not limit the present invention.Experimental technique among the following embodiment like no specified otherwise, is conventional method; Said material like no specified otherwise, all can obtain from commercial sources.

Embodiment 1, preparation forage grass type fermentation TMR1

Select for use alfalfa hay, alfalfa ensilage, corn silage, sheep's hay to mix according to the feed formula shown in the table 1 with fresh beer vinasse, green tea beverage slag, corn flour, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, vitamin and microelement pre-mix material etc.In the mixed process moisture is adjusted at 45%.The quality of raw material described in the table 1 is all with dry weight basis.

Table 1 feedstuff is formed and nutrient composition content

In above-mentioned every kilogram of premix, contain vitamin A 320000IU, vitamin D 50000IU and vitamin E 1500IU; Contain Zn 5.5g, Mn6g, Cu 1.2g, Fe 8.5g, I 0.09g, Se 0.03g and Co 0.05g.

After the TMR mixer fully mixes, wrap up in the bag back in outdoor storage fermentation with the ensiling wrapping machine, preserve Kaifeng after 28 days.

Embodiment 2, preparation forage grass type fermentation TMR2

Feed formula according to shown in the table 2 mixes.In the mixed process moisture is adjusted at 45%.The quality of raw material described in the table 2 is all with dry weight basis.

Table 2 feedstuff is formed and nutrient composition content

In above-mentioned every kilogram of premix, contain vitamin A 320000IU, vitamin D 50000IU and vitamin E 1500IU; Contain Zn 5.5g, Mn6g, Cu 1.2g, Fe 8.5g, I 0.09g, Se 0.03g and Co 0.05g.

After the TMR mixer fully mixes, wrap up in the bag back in outdoor storage fermentation with the ensiling wrapping machine, preserve Kaifeng after 28 days.

Embodiment 3, to fermentation quality and the aerobic stability evaluation of forage grass type fermentation TMR

1, wraps up in the fermentation quality of bag fermentation process forage grass type fermentation TMR

Two kinds of forage grass type fermentation TMR colors through after the storage on the 28th are yellow basically, wherein partly have a little brown, have sour fragrance flavor, and the quality of clover, corn silage and maize straw is soft, and the feed material is clear, does not cohere, no mildew phenomena, the whole preservation well.

The pH of forage grass type fermentation TMR1 and TMR2 is 3.98～4.02, and lactic acid content 2.96～3.16% does not detect propionic acid and butyric acid, contains lactic acid bacteria 6.0 * 10 ⁵～6.2 * 10 ⁵Cfu/g, the fermentation quality of two kinds of TMR is all good, and is as shown in table 3.

The fermentation quality of the forage grass type fermentation TMR of table 3 storage after 28 days

Project	TMR1	TMR2
			pH	3.98	4.02
Lactic acid	3.16％	2.96％
			Acetate	0.56％	0.78％
Propionic acid	NS	NS
			Butyric acid	NS	NS
Ammoniacal nitrogen (% total nitrogen)	0.64	0.85
			Lactic acid bacteria	6.2×10 5cfu/g	6.0×10 5cfu/g
Yeast	NS	NS

NS: do not detect

2, forage grass type fermentation TMR feed aerobic stability:

The TMR before the fermentation of freezing preservation and the TMR of fermentation back (the 28th day) are placed on respectively in the treated heat insulation aseptic open container, carry out the aerobic stability analysis.

The result shows; Unfermentable TMR1 and TMR2 become phenomenon (exceeding more than room temperature 2 degree) and the temperature lose and raise very fast just demonstrating heating after the 24th hour; Mouldy phenomenon appears in TMR surface, reaches 41～43 degree and is maintained to the 6th day to the 5th day two TMR, is downward trend afterwards; Occurred beginning to return to room temperature later in the 18th day behind the 2nd peak by the 10th day and the 11st day, as shown in Figure 2; And fermentation TMR1 and TMR2 do not have heating and mouldy phenomenon from start to finish.The pH of TMR of not fermenting rises to 8.4～8.8 from 6.0～6.2, and fermentation TMR does not change basically; The lactic acid bacteria of fermentation TMR is from 6.0 * 10 of Kaifeng ⁵～6.2 * 10 ⁵Cfu/g to 5.2 * 10 ⁵～5.3 * 10 ⁵Cfu/g does not detect yeast, and the lactic acid bacteria of do not ferment TMR1 and 2 is from initial 3.2 * 10 ³～3.3 * 10 ⁵Cfu/g is not to final detecting, and yeast is then by 3.2 * 10 ²Cfu/g rises to 3.5 * 10 ⁵Cfu/g.Comprehensive analyse shows, the fermentation TMR TMR that do not ferment has good aerobic stability.

Claims (6)

1. a fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows is processed by the raw material of following quality percentage composition, and the quality of said raw material is all with dry weight basis:

Wherein, in every kilogram of said premix, vitamin A >=320000IU, vitamin D >=50000IU, vitamin E >=1500IU, zinc >=5.5g, manganese >=6g, copper >=1.2g, iron >=8.5g, iodine >=0.09g, selenium >=0.03g, cobalt >=0.05g, surplus is a carrier;

Said protein feeds be meant in the feed dry thick egg from content more than 20%, crude fiber content is at the feed below 18%;

Said energy feed is meant that the crude fibre amount is lower than 18% in the feed dry, and crude protein content is lower than 20% feed, and is rich in carbohydrate, the feed that various nutrient digestibility are all very high;

Said fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows prepares according to following method: the 1) pre-treatment of raw material: with said forage grass and forage crop ensiling chopping, length is controlled at 10～30mm; Said energy feed is carried out pulverization process; 2) according to above-mentioned raw material and the said raw material of proportioning weighing of processing fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows; Then said raw material is rendered in the TRM mixer according to the ascending order of proportion and mixed, regulating the raw material water content in the mixed process is 40-50%; 3) after raw material mixes, compound wrapped up in the ensiling wrapping machine bag is handled or the bag silo of packing into vacuumizes sealing, preserve fermentation then, in fermentation 3-4 week, promptly obtain fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows;

Said food processing byproduct is selected from following at least a: brewex's grains and green tea beverage slag.

2. fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said forage grass is dried forage grass and/or ensiling forage grass.

3. fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said forage grass is selected from following at least a: alfalfa hay, alfalfa ensilage and sheep's hay.

4. according to arbitrary described fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: said forage crop ensiling is a corn silage.

5. fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows, process by the raw material of following quality percentage composition:

Wherein, in every kilogram of said premix, contain vitamin A 320000IU, vitamin D 50000IU, vitamin E 1500IU, contain zinc 5.5g, manganese 6g, copper 1.2g, iron 8.5g, iodine 0.09g, selenium 0.03g, cobalt 0.05g.

6. prepare the method for the described fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows of claim 1, step is following:

1) pre-treatment of raw material: with said forage grass and forage crop ensiling chopping, length is controlled at 10～30mm; Said energy feed is carried out pulverization process;

2) according to the raw material of processing fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows described in the claim 1 and the said raw material of proportioning weighing; Then said raw material is rendered in the TRM mixer according to the ascending order of proportion and mixed, regulating the raw material water content in the mixed process is 40-50%;

3) after raw material mixes, compound wrapped up in the ensiling wrapping machine bag is handled or the bag silo of packing into vacuumizes sealing, preserve fermentation then, in fermentation 3-4 week, promptly obtain said fodder grass type fermented total mixed ration for dairy cows.

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