CN106615613A - Whole-plant silaging method of rape - Google Patents
Whole-plant silaging method of rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN106615613A CN106615613A CN201611149650.8A CN201611149650A CN106615613A CN 106615613 A CN106615613 A CN 106615613A CN 201611149650 A CN201611149650 A CN 201611149650A CN 106615613 A CN106615613 A CN 106615613A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a feed taking double-low high-quality rape as green grass. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mechanically harvesting and crushing whole fresh rape plant, blending blighted grain, peanut vine and sweet potato vine, mixing a low amount of concentrated food, rubbing, inoculating silage bacteria, adding wine yeast and vinasse, wrapping and fermenting to prepare a silage feed. The silage rape prepared by the method reaches the standard of the high-quality silage feed, effectively retains nutritional components of the original double-low rape, is sweet, sour and aromatic in smell, high in digestion rate and high in palatability; the commercial production of the feed rape can be achieved; the feed source is enlarged; the problem of lack of the forage of plant-eating animals in south area in spring and summer can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forage grass wraps up in bag ensiling processing method, ensiling raw material is that whole strain of the water content more than 80% is " double
It is low " high-quality fresh rape.
Background technology
Since new century, China resident dietary structure change it is huge, meat, egg, milk animal product consumption figure intake by
Year increases, and the contradiction that people and animals strive grain occurs, and current China grain is used as the ratio close 50% of feed.Ask to solve this
Topic, the most of provinces in south China area are implemented agriculture Jing feeding pools, breeding and are added with reference to strategy, greatly develop the plant-eating animals such as cattle and sheep
Large-scale cultivation, forage crop plantation processing market has a extensive future.
Forage grass processing and store mode mainly desiccates, yellow storage, three kinds of ensiling, wherein ensiling be green forage is shredded after
Under conditions of airtight anoxia, the harmful microorganism breeding activities such as spoilage organisms, butyric, acetic acid bacteria, mould are suppressed to reach preservation
Purpose.Ensiling can preserve the nutritional characteristic of green forage, and not only nutritive loss is few, and be easy to storage transport, it is possible to achieve
Commercial operations.
Ensiling species divides hay silage, wilting ensiling, three kinds of high-moisture ensiling again.Hay silage also known as low moisture ensiling,
Will the moisture of ensiling raw material drop to 40%~55%, make microorganism in physiological dryness state, growth and breeding is suppressed, and raises
Fermentable is weak in material, and nutrient is not decomposed, so as to reach the purpose for preserving nutrient.Wilting silage principle is by forage grass
Sealing storage, using the anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, produces lactic acid, makes the pH value in storage cellar drop to 4.0 or so, now most of
Microorganism stops breeding, and lactic acid bacteria is also due to the continuous accumulation of lactic acid, is finally controlled by the lactic acid of itself generation and stopped
Growth, reaches the purpose of ensiling.This Silaging method requires that the sugar content of the raw material of ensiling is not less than 1.0%~1.5%, aqueous
Amount generally 65%~70%, ensiling difficulty is less, also referred to as common ensiling.High-moisture ensiling is referred to when ensiling moisture content of raw material
More than 70%, moisture is reduced by other siccative methods using mixing, or affect silage fermentation to act on using additive, carried
High silage effect, is called additive ensiling or extraordinary ensiling.
Various Seasonal, different regions, variety classes forage grass moisture, nutritive peculiarity are different, and ensiling complexity is different,
It is also different using method.External clover popular hay silage in recent years;The gramineous feed crop water such as domestic corn, rye contains
Amount is appropriate, commonly uses general ensiling.High-moisture Sativa Silage Technology is strong, and proportioning is improper, and (moisture is too high, sugar content is not enough, the warm mistake in cellar for storing things
It is high) can all cause ensiling to fail so that and lactic acid is converted into butyric acid by clostruidium, and protein and amino acid are decomposed, pH
Value is raised, quality decline.At present application is few for high-moisture ensiling, and northern China forage crop Rumex moisture newly developed contains
Amount is higher, and ensiling is multiplex to store sth. in a cellar mode, loads with the layering of Dry corn stalk stalk, sealing preserve, and this mode is not using other
Additive to affect sweat, is also one kind of conventional ensiling.
Double low (low erucic acid, low sulfatide) rapes are the forage crops that China endeavours to develop recently, and its grass yield is high, fresh and tender many
It is juice, nutritious, can produce in south China Winter paddy field large area, do not exist with staple food crop paddy rice, corn and strive ground
Contradiction, can fundamentally solve the problems, such as that China's winter-spring season herbivorous animal greenfeed is deficient.At present south China area is raised
Material rapeseed cultivation technology maturation reliability, and storage and processing difficulty is larger, is primarily due to forage rape plant water content and is up to
85%, protein content is high and sugar content is not enough, and along with harvest season (spring) temperature is low, high humidity, ensiling is difficult successfully.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of complete stool rape Silaging method simple to operate, safe and reliable, can prepare quality
Excellent ensilage.
The main difficulty of forage rape ensiling is high in plant water content, and sugar content is not enough, and temperature is low, high humidity.To understand
Above-mentioned technical problem certainly, present invention employs additive Silaging method, and shortening the ensiling first stage using four kinds of measures has
The aerobe fermentation time, promote second stage anaerobic fermentation process, improve silage effect.One is that blending dry straw reduces moisture, such as flower
Raw rattan, straw, dry sweet potato rattan, cornstalk;Two are to increase sugared part content, a small amount of fine fodder such as corn flour (or rice bran) of arranging in pairs or groups;Three is suitable
When addition brewer yeast and vinasse, make to be directly becoming ensiling first stage dominant microflora, suppress other aerobic moulds, the work of spoilage organisms
It is dynamic, increase feed fragrance, lift ensilage palatability.Four is inoculation ensiling bacterium, accelerates lactic acid and produces speed.
After employing these measures, effect is obvious.
One is to improve silage effect using additive ensiling way.The fermentation of ensiling is affected using additive, is taken
After with fine fodder, inoculation brewer yeast, lactic acid bacteria, the growth of fermentation initial stage harmful microbe, ensiling is suppressed to produce lactic acid speed soon, pH
Value quickly falls to how many 4.1 or so, reduces the nutritive loss in silo crop, it is ensured that the success of ensiling.And using addition
Smell becomes alcohol fragrance by tart flavour after agent after fermentation.
Two is the scope for expanding ensiling raw material using mixed silage means.In mixed silage, dry straw can be effectively absorbed
Moisture and its nutriment that fresh rape oozes out, the gross protein value of stalk respectively reaches 24.69% in ensilage.
Ensilage made by using complete stool rape and agricultural crop straw mixed silage, preferably keeps the nutrition of rape
Characteristic, it is not only nutritious, and smell sweet-smelling, soft and succulency, good palatability.Do so had both solved southern grazing Brassica napus not
Problem easy to maintain, it is possible to achieve forage rape commercial development, improves peasant planting income;And in spring ensiling, for the summer
Season, plant-eating animal ate, and now especially plains region mainly produces cereal crops for southern area, and field corn is also in growth
In, green grass wretched insufficiency advantageously accounts for southern area plant-eating animal spring and summer knotweed material gap problem.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
A kind of rape complete stool Silaging method, comprises the steps, mechanical harvest:Harvest after the rape 10-15 days florescence of end, choosing
Selecting fine day is carried out, and with forage harvester whole strain rape is gathered in, and plant is ground into the segment of 2.5~3.0CM simultaneously for harvesting, is used and is turned
Fortune car is transported back on threshing ground;
Raw material is blended:Crops dry straw stalk crasher is ground into into 2.5~3.0CM segments, and rape, corn
Powder, vinasse are mixed together, and specific proportioning is rape:Crops dry straw:Corn flour:Vinasse=60-70:20-30:1-5:5-
15;
Spraying additive:With sprayer to the forage sprinkling oil dark greyish green storage for mixing, additives for ensiling is by ensiling bacterium and wine
Saccharomycete is constituted, and ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast mixed dissolution is dense in spraying for 0.5-1.5%NaCl solution, ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast
Degree is respectively 0.05-0.15g/L, 5-15g/L, per ton to mix with sprayer to the uniform spraying additive mixed solution of blending feed
Mixed feed sprays 15-25L, i.e. the addition of ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast is respectively 1.0-3g/t, 150-250g/t;
More preferably by ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast mixed dissolution in 0.9%NaCl solution, ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast
Spraying concentration is respectively 0.075g/L, 10g/L, per ton to mix with sprayer to the uniform spraying additive mixed solution of blending feed
Mixed feed sprays 20L, i.e. the addition of ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast is respectively 1.5g/t, 200g/t.
Mechanical bundling:The mixed preparing of Jing spraying additives good raw material baler carries out high density compacting bundling, close
Spend for 420 ± 20kg/m3;
Wrap up in bag ensiling:The raw material tied is wrapped up with wrapping machine and stretched film, general wrap film is 2~3 layers, is put
Be placed in it is flat, without ponding place, prevent animal from baiting to wrapping up in bag ensiling, spontaneous fermentation 120 days, you can to complete rape complete stool blue or green
Storage.
The water content of described rape complete stool is more than 85%, and the water content of crops dry straw is 10-15%.
Described crops dry straw includes in peanut vine, straw, wheat-straw, soya bean rattan, dry sweet potato rattan, maize straw
Plant or various.
Described specific proportioning is rape:Crops dry straw:Corn flour:Vinasse=65:22:3:10.
Described ensiling bacterium isCompound additive, main component is bacillus subtilis, plant breast bar
Bacterium, S. cervisiae, total amount of probiotics is more than 20,000,000,000/gram;Saccharomycete is that Angel wine brewing is bent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is No. 1 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figure.
Fig. 2 is No. 2 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figures.
Fig. 3 is No. 3 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figures.
Fig. 4 is No. 4 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figures.
Fig. 5 is No. 5 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figures.
Fig. 6 is No. 6 formula oil dark greyish green bin stock sense organ figures.
Fig. 7 is rape ensilage parcel storage figure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of rape complete stool Silaging method, comprises the following steps:
Mechanical harvest:Complete stool rape ensiling, after rape suitable collection period is the whole 10-15 days florescence, selects fine day to carry out.With
Forage harvester gathers in whole strain rape, and harvesting plant is ground into the segment of 2.5~3.0CM simultaneously, with transfer car(buggy) threshing ground is transported back
On.
Raw material is blended:Crops dry straw (peanut seedling, sweet potato rattan) is ground into into 2.5~3.0CM segments with stalk crasher,
It is mixed together with rape, corn flour, vinasse, specific proportioning is the ﹕ 10 of 22 ﹕ of You Cai ﹕ Hua Sheng Yang ﹕ Yu meter Fen ﹕ vinasse=65 ﹕ 3.
Spraying additive:With sprayer to the forage sprinkling oil dark greyish green storage additive agent for mixing, additive by ensiling bacterium and
Brewer yeast bacterium constitute, ensiling bacterium be starfish microbial king's compound additive, main component be bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum,
S. cervisiae, usage amount is 1.5g/t.Saccharomycete is that Angel wine brewing is bent, and usage amount is 200g/t.
Mechanical bundling:By the good raw material of mixed preparing carried out with baler high density compacting bundling, density be 420 ±
20kg/m3。
Wrap up in bag ensiling:The raw material tied is wrapped up with wrapping machine and stretched film, fermentation is preserved.
Siccative is blended in this method can also can also be with the agricultural crop straws such as straw, maize straw, the fine fodder of collocation
Other other agricultural byproducts, these conversion are all fallen within the scope of the present invention.
1 test material and method
1.1 test periods and place
Test and bred in Yichang Academy of Agricultural Science's Yichang white goat conservation in 11 days-December 7 April in 2016
Base, pays one's respects town positioned at Hubei Province Zhijiang City.
1.2 test material
Rape ensiling test:Double-low rapeseed kind is for " miscellaneous 62 " of China's oil, mechanization after the rape 10-15 days florescence of end is received and cut.
Ensiling bacterium purchases what is promoted in Urumchi starfish agricultural cience and farming techniques application service stationIt is compound to add
Plus agent, main component is bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, S. cervisiae, and total amount of probiotics is more than 20,000,000,000/gram.Wine
Yeast is purchased in Angel Group, and peanut seedling, corn flour, vinasse are purchased in city.
Rape ensiling agent for rearing and fattening meat sheep is tested:Health, the goat mutton sheep 24 at 6 monthly ages is selected to be only used as research object respectively.Choosing
Take overall merit highest rape ensilage and carry out feeding trial, peanut seedling and silage corn are voluntarily plantation, processing, its
, to wrap up in bag ensiling, fine fodder is in market purchasing for middle silage corn processing mode.
1.3 experimental design
Rape ensiling formula design:Green grass or young crops has cut rape for primary raw material, and blending peanut seedling, vinasse are made reducing rape moisture
The level of mixture is maintained at 60 ± 2%.This research designs altogether 6 group of formula, and, without vinasse, No. 1 formula is only for 1, No. 2 formulas
Addition ensiling bacterium, 2 formulas only add brewer yeast.3rd, No. 4 formula addition vinasse, wherein No. 3 formulas only add ensiling bacterium, No. 4 are matched somebody with somebody
Fang Tianjia ensilings bacterium and brewer yeast.5th, increase the consumption of corn flour in No. 6 formulas, the blending amount of peanut seedling is reduced, wherein No. 5
Formula addition ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast, only add ensiling bacterium in No. 6 formulas.It is compared to each other in testing above, specific design is shown in Table
1-1.Receipts are cut into rape raw material and peanut seedling is prescinded to 2.5~3.0CM or so, vinasse are crushed, and are well mixed, and in uniform spray bacterium is shone
Class.Using ensiling wrapping machine, mixture material is carried out to rub silk, wire drawing packing, the general parcel number of plies is layer 2-3, be placed in it is flat,
Without ponding place, preventing and treating animal baits ensiling parcel.Fermentation is opened bag and carries out naked eyes evaluation after 120 days.
Table 1-1 rapes ensiling formula design
Rape ensiling agent for rearing and fattening meat sheep is tested:24 6 monthly age goats are divided into into 2 groups, i.e. test group 12, control group 12.
Single column home is raised, and preliminary trial period is 10 days, and the test period is 77 days, and test period is September in 2016 21 to December 6, raises
Journey is responsible for enforcement by special messenger., with ensiling rape as main coarse fodder, control group is with silage corn as main coarse fodder, and test is equal for test group
For free choice feeding.Specific Diet Formula of feeding is shown in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Diet Formulas and concentrate supplement composition
1.4 feeding and management
Drylot feeding is raised, and ventilation and lighting is good, medicament expelling parasite before prerun.Feed day feeds 2 times, and feeding time is 8:00、16:00,
With coarse fodder, free water after first spermiation material feeding half an hour.Environmental condition is basically identical, is fed and is managed by same poultry raiser
Reason.
1.5 testing index
Ensilage is identified:To ensilage in terms of opening after ensiling from color and luster, smell, quality, pH value and going mouldy etc.
Quality is evaluated, and specific grade is shown in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 rape ensiling test quality testing standards of perfection
Rape ensiling agent for rearing and fattening meat sheep is tested:Determine starting weight, end weight, the weightening of mutton sheep.
1.6 data processing
Significance test of difference is carried out by SPSS softwares, numerical value is expressed as mean+SD in table.
2 results and analysis
The measure of 2.1 rape ensilings formula
There is certain difference in the color and luster and smell group of the other rape ensilage of subjective appreciation each group.No. 1 formula-it is mould
Become, cohere blocking, No. 2 are filled a prescription-gone mouldy, cohere blocking, musty, tart flavour, and 1 and No. 2 formula color, smell, quality are inferior, pH
Value is respectively 3.8,4.1, and No. 1 rate of going mouldy is 9.3%, and No. 2 rates of going mouldy are 11.2%, and 1, No. 2 Silage Qualities of overall merit are
It is bad.No. 3 formula-yellowish-brown, moisture are slightly more, and during color, tart flavour, smell, quality show as in No. 3 formulas, pH value is 4.0,
During Comprehensive Evaluation of Varieties is.No. 4 formula-yellow greens, Fang Xiang, soft moistenings, sense organ is determined and is excellent, its pH value in No. 4 formulas
For 4.1, the standard of quality silage is reached, overall merit is excellent.No. 5 fill a prescription-go mouldy, color in slightly many No. 5 formulas of moisture,
Tart flavour, smell show as excellent, and quality is for medium, but which create 7.4% and go mouldy, and overall merit is bad.No. 6 formula-Huangs
Brown, softness, moisture are slightly more, fragrance is light, and it be all medium that sense organ is determined in No. 6 formulas, and pH value is 3.8 slightly below high-quality ensilings
Acidity, overall merit is medium.The color of rape ensiling is yellow green in No. 4 formulas, and tart flavour is denseer, fragrant odour, with dense
Strongly fragrant wine flavour, soft texture moistening is tight.And without Signs of Mould, cauline leaf form is preserved holds good.This test goat mutton sheep
In feeding trial, No. 4 rape ensilings are test group, are compareed as silage corn group.
Table 2-1 rapes Silage Quality is detected
The performance of 2.2 feeding effects and different coarse fodders to goat clinical symptoms
Because No. 4 rape ensilings for adopting are for double low kinds (low erucic acid, low glucosinolate), Jing after vinasse is mixed with
Saccharomycetic fermentation is crossed, rape ensiling produces stronger wine flavour, and palatability is equal to silage corn feed, 3 after feeding
Can search for food in hour.In the mutton sheep test period, during October low-temperature condition, rape ensiling test group goes out for continuous 4 days
Existing 2~4 mutton sheep cold symptoms, and occur 12 mutton sheep cold symptoms in silage corn group, per only injection lincomycin+fluorine
Benzene Buddhist nun takes a turn for the better by examining each 2ml.
Impact of the 2.3 different coarse fodders to performance of goats
Show from table 2-2 data analyses, the initial average weight of each group goat is tested without significant difference, in representing the test
Goat body weight size is impartial, and composite experiment design is required.After 77 days feed, test group average weight gain amount is slightly less than control
Group, finds between the two without significant difference after Analysis of variance, illustrates to disclosure satisfy that caprine growth as coarse fodder with No. 4 rape ensilings
Demand to roughage, further demonstrates that No. 4 rape ensiling formula integrated qualities are equal to silage corn, can be blue or green as rape
The practical formulation of storage.
Table 2-2 rapes ensiling feeds contrast effect with silage corn group
Note:It is compared with column data, the entirely different expression significant difference (P of lowercase<0.05), capitalization is complete
Difference represents difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), difference not significantly (P is represented containing same letter>0.05).
Claims (5)
1. a kind of rape complete stool Silaging method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Mechanical harvest:Harvest after the rape 10-15 days florescence of end, select fine day to carry out, with forage harvester whole strain rape is gathered in, receive
The segment that plant is ground into 2.5~3.0CM simultaneously is cut, is transported back on threshing ground with transfer car(buggy);
Raw material is blended:Crops dry straw stalk crasher is ground into into 2.5~3.0CM segments, and rape, corn flour, wine
Grain is mixed together, and specific proportioning is rape:Crops dry straw:Corn flour:Vinasse=60-70:20-30:1-5:5-15;
Spraying additive:With sprayer to the forage sprinkling oil dark greyish green storage additive agent for mixing, additives for ensiling by ensiling bacterium and
Brewer yeast bacterium constitutes, the spraying in 0.5-1.5%NaCl solution, ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast by ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast mixed dissolution
Concentration is respectively 0.05-0.15g/L, 5-15g/L, per ton with sprayer to the uniform spraying additive mixed solution of blending feed
Blending feed sprinkling 15-25L, the i.e. addition of ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast is respectively 1.0-3g/t, 150-250g/t;
Mechanical bundling:The mixed preparing of Jing spraying additives good raw material baler carries out high density compacting bundling, and density is
420±20kg/m3;
Wrap up in bag ensiling:The raw material tied is wrapped up with wrapping machine and stretched film, wrap film is 2~3 layers, is positioned over flat
It is smooth, without ponding place, prevent animal from baiting to wrapping up in bag ensiling, spontaneous fermentation 120 days, you can complete rape complete stool ensiling.
2. the rape complete stool Silaging method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the water content of rape complete stool is more than 85%, agriculture
The water content of crop dry straw is 12-15%.
3. the rape complete stool Silaging method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that crops dry straw includes peanut vine, rice
One or more in grass, wheat-straw, soya bean rattan, dry sweet potato rattan, maize straw.
4. the rape complete stool Silaging method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that specific proportioning is rape:The dry straw of crops
Stalk:Corn flour:Vinasse=65:22:3:10.
5. the rape complete stool Silaging method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that spraying additive:With sprayer to mixing
Forage sprinkling oil dark greyish green storage additive agent, additives for ensiling is made up of ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast bacterium, ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast mixed
Conjunction is dissolved in the spraying concentration of 0.9%NaCl solution, ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast and is respectively 0.075g/L, 10g/L, with sprayer to
The uniform spraying additive mixed solution of blending feed, the sprinkling of blending feed 20L, the i.e. addition of ensiling bacterium and brewer yeast point per ton
Wei not 1.5g/t, 200g/t;
Rape complete stool Silaging method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described ensiling bacterium main component is withered grass gemma
Bacillus, Lactobacillus plantarum, S. cervisiae, total amount of probiotics is more than 20,000,000,000/gram;Saccharomycete is that Angel wine brewing is bent.
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CN108634103A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-10-12 | 宜昌市农业科学研究院 | A kind of Double low rapeseed meal and maize straw mixed silage method |
CN108684941A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-23 | 袁英良 | A kind of grazing Brassica napus mixed silage production method |
CN108935973A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of complete stool quinoa bundling wraps up in packet Silaging method |
CN109997971A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-07-12 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of Silaging method of forage rape |
CN110024912A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-19 | 宜昌市农业科学研究院 | A kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape |
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CN112868914A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-01 | 华中农业大学 | Silage rape feed and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115399406A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所大理综合实验站(大理市原种场) | Mixed silage method of rape and watermifoil for feed |
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