CN110024912A - A kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape - Google Patents
A kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN110024912A CN110024912A CN201910314911.4A CN201910314911A CN110024912A CN 110024912 A CN110024912 A CN 110024912A CN 201910314911 A CN201910314911 A CN 201910314911A CN 110024912 A CN110024912 A CN 110024912A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of using double low quality rapes as the feed producing method of green grass, the preparation method is after crushing the fresh rape of whole strain by mechanical harvesting, inoculating complex microorganism microbial inoculum, that is saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis mix bacterium agent, extra moisture is squeezed with forage bander, compacting wraps up in (packed) fermentation of packet and ensilage is made.Quality silage standard is reached using ensiling rape prepared by the method for the present invention, original double low quality rape nutritional ingredients are not saved only effectively, and the sour-sweet fragrance of smell, digestibility is high, palatability is good, forage rape merchandized handling may be implemented, expand feed resource, solve southern area plant-eating animal spring and summer knotweed material gap problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forage grasses to wrap up in packet (packed) ensiling processing method, and ensiling raw material is that water content is more than 80%
" double low " high-quality fresh rape.
Background technique
Since 21 century, China's resident's dietary structure variation it is huge, meat, egg, milk animal product consumption figure intake by
Year increase, the contradiction that people and animals strive grain occurs, China's grain is used as the ratio of feed close to 50% at present.It is asked to solve this
Topic, the most of provinces implementation agricultures of southern region of China are strategic through feeding pool, kind plus feeding combination, and it is herbvore dynamic to greatly develop cattle and sheep etc.
Object, forage crop plantation processing market have a extensive future.
Ensiling can save the nutritional characteristic of green forage, and not only nutritive loss is few, but also be easy to store transport, Ke Yishi
Existing commercial operations.Silage principle is stored by the sealing of forage grass, using the anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, is generated lactic acid, is made to store
PH value in Zang Jiao (packet) drops to 4.0 or so, and most of microorganism stops breeding at this time, and lactic acid bacteria also due to lactic acid it is continuous
Accumulation is finally controlled by the lactic acid that itself is generated and is stopped growing, achievees the purpose that storage.
Various Seasonal, different regions, the moisture content of variety classes forage grass, nutritive peculiarity are different, and ensiling complexity is not
Together.When ensiling raw material moisture is lower than 70%, and sugar content is higher than 1%, ensilage is easily worked；When raw material moisture is excessively high, contains
Sugar amount is insufficient, then ensilage difficulty of processing is big.In high-moisture ensiling raw material, proportion imbalance, wrap up in packet (packed) pressure it is improper, send out
Ferment temperature can all should not cause ensiling to fail, and mainly because the lactic acid generated in lactic fermentation process is converted into butyric acid, pH value is increased,
Protein and amino acid are decomposed, feed quality decline.
Double low its grass yield of (low erucic acid, low-sulfur glycosides) rape are high, and fresh and tender succulence is full of nutrition, can winter in south China
The production of vacant field large area can fundamentally solve the problems, such as that China's winter-spring season herbivorous animal lacks greenfeed.China south at present
Side area forage rape storage and processing difficulty is larger, and main cause includes the following: 1. forage rape plant water content is up to
85%；2. sugar content is lower than 1% in raw material；3. the micro organism quantity beneficial to silage fermentation that raw material itself adheres to is insufficient；4. green
Season (spring) temperature is low, humidity is big during storage processing；5. generally rape ensiling is rotted under package (packed) ensiling pressed density
Rate is high, and rape ensiling is caused to be not easy success.
The processing of existing rape ensilage generally using mixing dry matter, as peanut vine, sweet potato rattan, straw, corn stover,
Corn flour etc. increases sugar content in raw material to reduce raw material moisture.Since the processing of these siccatives, storage and blending procedure are many and diverse,
Ensiling pressed density is lower, causes ensilage rotting rate up to 30% or more, and production cost is much higher than whole corn silage feed,
It is unfavorable for the popularization and application of forage rape.That is the single Sativa Silage Technology of complete stool rape is that can southern rape feedingization development and utilization wide
The key element of general popularization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy to operate, safe and reliable single Silaging methods of complete stool rape, can prepare
Forage rape ensilage production cost can be greatly reduced in ensilage best in quality.
The main difficulty of forage rape ensiling is high (generally 80% or more) in plant water content, sugar content deficiency (one
As for lower than 1%), temperature is low during ensiling produces.For the above-mentioned technical problem of solution, present invention employs wrap up in packet (packed)
Silaging method shortens aerobic fermentation time ensiling first stage by following measures, promotes second stage anaerobic fermentation process,
Improve silage effect.First is that increase baler pressure, raw material moisture is squeezed out, make its moisture content drop to 70% with
Under；Second is that being properly added complex micro organism fungicide, inhibit the activity of other aerobic moulds, spoilage organisms, accelerates cream in ensilage
Acid generates speed, rapidly enters anaerobic stable state.Third is that improving the shape of storage packet, rectangle is changed to by circle, convenient for storage
Hiding, transport.
After these measures, effect is obvious.
First is that by the pressure of baler from 400kg/M3Increase to 700kg/M3, raw material moisture can be reduced to 65% or so,
Reach ensiling requirement.
Second is that improving silage effect using complex micro organism fungicide.The fermentation that ensiling is influenced using additive, is connect
After kind saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, inhibit the harmful micro- life of fermentation initial stage
The growth of object, ensiling generate the nutritive loss that lactic acid speed is fast, and pH value declines rapidly, in reduction silo crop, guarantee ensiling
Success.And alcohol fragrance is become by tart flavour using additive post-fermentation smell.
The ensilage made of such method preferably keeps the nutritive peculiarity of forage rape, not only full of nutrition,
And smell mellowness, soft and succulency, palatability are good.It does so both and solves the problems, such as that southern grazing Brassica napus is not easy to maintain, it can be with
It realizes forage rape commercial development, improves peasant planting income；And in spring ensiling, for summer herbvore animal edible, this
When southern area especially plains region mainly produce cereal crops, also among growth, green grass wretched insufficiency has field corn
Conducive to solution southern area plant-eating animal spring and summer knotweed material gap problem.
Invention is further described in detail With reference to embodiment.
A kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape, comprising the following steps:
Mechanical harvest: the single ensiling of complete stool rape, after rape suitable collection period is whole 10~15 days florescences, select fine day into
Row.Whole strain rape is gathered in forage harvester, plant is ground into the segment of 3~5CM simultaneously, transports dring yard back with transfer car(buggy) by harvesting
On.
Spraying additive: composite microbial bacteria mixed liquor 20L, additive packet are sprayed into the forage handled well with sprayer
One of saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis or a variety of are included, by Mixed Microbes
It is dissolved in 0.9%NaCl solution, each bacteria suspension concentration is respectively 1g/L, 1g/L, 0.5g/L, 0.5g/L, 0.5g/L.
The additive amount of the additive of the ensiling is 40~120g/t rape forage；Strain has in the additive
Imitating viable count is 1 × 1011~5 × 1013cfu/g。
In preferably, inoculating complex microorganism microbial inoculum, constituent is saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, acidophilus
Lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis.Wherein, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, enterococcus faecalis additive amount be respectively 10~30g/t rape forage, 20~30g/t rape forage, 5~15g/t rape grass
Material, 5~15g/t rape forage, 5~15g/t rape forage.It is (saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, thermophilic in further preferred scheme
Lactobacillus lactis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis dosage be respectively 20g/t, 20g/t, 10g/t, 10g/t, 10g/t)
It is saccharomyces cerevisiae in the additive of the single ensiling of complete stool rape per ton, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, withered
Careless bacillus, enterococcus faecalis addition living bacteria count are respectively 6 × 1010~1.8 × 1012cfu/g、3×1010~4.5 ×
1011cfu/g、4.5×1010~2.25 × 1011cfu/g、6×1010~1.8 × 1012cfu/g、3×1010~4.5 ×
1011cfu/g。
It is saccharomyces cerevisiae in the single ensiling of complete stool rape per ton in preferably, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, withered
Careless bacillus, enterococcus faecalis addition living bacteria count are respectively 6 × 1010cfu/g、1.5×1011cfu/g、1.5×
1011cfu/g、1.2×1011cfu/g、1.5×1011cfu/g。
Mechanical bundling: the good raw material of mixed preparing is subjected to high density compacting bundling with forage bander.Every bundle weight 25-
30kg, density 700-750kg/M3, compaction moulding volume is 0.4m × 0.25m × 0.36m.
It wraps up in packet (packed) ensiling: being wrapped up the raw material tied with packet (packed) machine is wrapped up in, fermentation saves.
This method can also be used in other high-moisture Winter-Spring herbage such as Rumexes etc., these transformation all fall within protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Rape Silaging method: double-low rapeseed kind is that " miscellaneous 62 " of China's oil, mechanization receipts are cut after the rape 10-15 days florescence of end.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis are purchased in Hebei Cangzhou side member biology
Engineering Co., Ltd, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis add effective viable bacteria
Number is respectively 6 × 1010cfu/g、1.5×1011cfu/g、1.5×1011cfu/g、1.2×1011cfu/g、1.5×1011cfu/
g。
Rape is cut as primary raw material using blueness, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, withered grass gemma are added in mixing
Bacillus, enterococcus faecalis dosage be respectively 20g/t, 20g/t, 10g/t, 10g/t, 10g/t, be made entirely using mechanical compression method
Strain rape ensiling.The present invention designs 2 processing, 1 rape ensiling density 600kg/ ㎡ of test group, 2 rape ensiling density of test group
700kg/ ㎡, test control group are whole corn silage feed.Fermentation opens packet and carries out naked eyes evaluation after 40 days.Per March tests
Group sampling 1 time continuous acquisition 4 times, randomly selects each sample thief 1 of 3 packages every time, each wraps up in packet acquisition sample 50g.
Testing index
Ensilage identification: from color, smell, quality, pH value and mildew etc. to ensilage after unlatching ensiling
Quality is evaluated, and specific grade is shown in Table 1.
1 rape Silaging method quality testing standard of perfection of table
Fermentation progress organoleptic quality analysis in 40 days or so, detects dry matter (GB/T6435~2006), crude protein (GB/
T6432~1994), crude fat (GB/T6433~2006), crude fibre (GB/T6434~2006), neutral detergent fiber (GB/
T20806~2006) and acid detergent fiber (NY/T1459-2007) content.
The single ensiling organoleptic quality analysis of complete stool rape under different densities
The organoleptic quality of 2 groups of detection test is fair after fermentation 40 days, and pH value 3.98, smell, quality, color show
Preferably；Test the rotten mildew of 30% or more 1 group of appearance.Second sub-sampling, i.e., 90 days after fermentation stability, test each group occurs big
Scale corruption, wherein testing 1 group of all corruption, testing 2 groups of Decayed rates is 50% or so.Main cause is height after wrapping up in packet ensiling
The moisture of warm period forage rape can also further ooze out, and cause to wrap up in packet in flat type, cause air to enter and wrap up in packet, so that
Rape ensilage it is putrid and deteriorated.
The single ensiling Analysis of Nutritive Composition of complete stool rape under different densities
In physical and chemical quality due to test 1 group of degree of spoilage it is higher, only to test 2 groups carried out the detection of physicochemical property,
Wherein crude fat, crude fibre, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber percent value be respectively 5.23,32.42,
11.47,47.82,42.66.Table 2-1 is shown, compares each nutritional ingredient of whole corn silage feed, and the single ensiling of complete stool rape is raised
The crude fat of material, crude fibre, crude protein and acid detergent fiber content are higher, and both neutral detergent fiber contents differ not
Greatly, to point out that digestibility of the single ensilage of complete stool rape in ruminant is lower, but nutritional ingredient is higher.Nearly three
Year, it is 240 yuan/t, complete stool rape that whole corn silage production cost, which stablizes the complete stool rape in 460 yuan/t, In Yichang Area, Hubei Province,
Single ensilage production cost is 406 yuan/t.It declines 54 yuan/t than the production cost of whole corn silage feed.
Test group feed nutrition attributional analysis (DM) % compared with silage corn of table 2
Embodiment 2
Rape Silaging method: double-low rapeseed kind is that " miscellaneous 62 " of China's oil, mechanization receipts are cut after the rape 10-15 days florescence of end.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus acidophilus are purchased in Hebei Cangzhou Fang Yuan bioengineering Co., Ltd,
Living bacteria count is respectively 6 × 1011cfu/g、5×1010cfu/g、1.5×1012cfu/g、2×1011cfu/g。
The substances such as whole corn silage feed, wet peanut seedling, straw, distiller's dried grain, corn flour are to buy in the market.
The rape cut will be received and blending stalk is prescinded to 2.5~3.0 ㎝, vinasse are crushed, matched according to table 1, by object
Material is uniformly mixed, then sprays saccharomyces cerevisiae 10g/t, lactobacillus plantarum 30g/t, enterococcus faecalis 5g/t, lactobacillus acidophilus 5g/t.Benefit
The ensilage machine that is packed in bag carries out compression packing to mixture material, is packed using ensiling private bag, is placed in place flat, without ponding
On, prevent animal from baiting.Packet, which is opened, after fermentation 60d carries out naked eyes evaluation.Control group is whole corn silage feed.
3 rape ensilage formula of table and machined parameters
Note: 3 groups of test using tamp it is mechanically direct excessive moisture in raw material is squeezed out, reduce ensiling raw material moisture, from
And raw material is higher by other groups 40% using quality.
Testing index
Using the point system of German agriculture association (Deutche Lan Dwirtschafts Geseutschaft), scoring
Standard is shown in Table 4.
4 ensilage quality sensory evaluation criteria of table and classification
The measurement of Analysis of Nutritive Composition dry matter (DM) according to GB/T 6435-2006, the measurement of crude protein (CP) according to
GB/T 6432-1994, the measurement of crude fat (EE) is according to GB/T 6433-2006, and the measurement of crude fibre (CF) is according to GB/T
6434-2006, the measurement of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) is respectively according to GB/T 20806-2006
With NY/T 1459-2007；With the pH value of pH analyzer measurement ensilage leachate.
Cost analysis records the expense of raw materials of each test group, production service charge and maintenance of machine expense, calculates each group
The production cost of feed.
Data processing and statistical analysis
Test data is arranged using Excel software, carries out one-way analysis of variance with SPSS software, difference is aobvious
Multiple range test is carried out using LSD method when work.
Rape ensilage attributional analysis
The organoleptic quality evaluations and pH value measurement result of each rape ensiling group are shown in Table 5.As known from Table 5, the sense organ of control group
Quality highest scoring, pH value 3.73, overall merit are excellent.Test that 4 groups of ensilage organoleptic quality scores are minimum, and pH value is
4.25, ensilage quality is medium.1,2,3 (the single ensilings of complete stool rape) are tested, 5 groups of ensilage overall merits are still
Good, pH value is respectively less than 4.2.
5 each group ensilage organoleptic quality of table and pH value
The Analysis of Nutritive Composition of rape ensilage
The method that engine driven supercharging is used in this method reduces rape raw material moisture by mechanical presses, and improves ensiling object
Density is expected, to reach ensiling success.The pH value of 3 groups of feeds (the single ensiling of complete stool rape) is tested less than 4.2, structure of stem and leaf is protected
It holds preferably, only smell is slightly worse, may be low with sugar content in raw material related.Nutrient composition content is as the result is shown: 3 groups of test than control
Extremely significant difference is presented in group, EE, CP, CF and ADF, and wherein CP, EE content are higher than control group, may with after the rape whole florescence
15d grease largely converts related.
Table 6 each group ensilage nutrient composition content (DM) %
Note: the entirely different expression significant difference (P < 0.05) of lowercase is infused with column data shoulder, capitalization is entirely different
It indicates that difference is extremely significant (P<0.01), indicates that difference is not significant (P>0.05) containing same letter.
The analysis of rape ensilage production cost
Over nearly 3 years, whole corn silage production cost is stablized in 460 yuan/t, In Yichang Area, Hubei Province complete stool rape, dried flower
Raw seedling, vinasse, dry rice straw and corn flour price be respectively 240 yuan/t, 850 yuan/t, 700 yuan/t, 540 yuan/t and 2 050 yuan/
t.Each group rape ensilage cost result, which is calculated, according to cost of material and other fees is shown in Table 7.The strain single ensiling of rape is produced into
This is minimum, reduces by 11.74% compared to whole corn silage feed price；The fair rape ensilage group of other qualities is produced into
Originally it is above whole corn silage, rape corn flour mixed silage Feed Manufacturing price is higher by 27.07%.
The production cost member t of 7 each group ensilage of table-1
Claims (6)
1. a kind of single Silaging method of complete stool rape, which comprises the following steps:
Mechanical harvest: after rape 10~15 days florescences of end, gathering in whole strain rape, while plant being ground into the segment of 3~5CM,
Obtain rape forage；
Spraying additive: additives for ensiling is sprayed to the rape forage handled well, additives for ensiling is by saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant cream bar
One of bacterium, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis or a variety of compositions；
Mechanical bundling: the rape forage for spraying additives for ensiling is subjected to high density compacting bundling with forage bander；
Briquetting ensiling: being wrapped up the raw material tied with cargo jack and stretched film, and fermentation saves after 35-60 days, can be completed
To the single ensiling of complete stool rape.
2. the single Silaging method of complete stool rape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rape forage it is aqueous
Amount is higher than 80%；The rape forage also can be replaced the Shandong plum that water content is higher than 80% higher than 80% Winter-Spring herbage or water content
Ke Si.
3. the single Silaging method of complete stool rape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the additive of the ensiling
Additive amount is 40~120g/t rape forage；The living bacteria count of strain is 1 × 10 in the additive11~5 ×
1013cfu/g。
4. the single Silaging method of complete stool rape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the additive of the ensiling is
When saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis, wherein saccharomyces cerevisiae, plant cream
Bacillus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis additive amount be respectively 10~30g/t rape forage, 20~30g/
T rape forage, 5~15g/t rape forage, 5~15g/t rape forage, 5~15g/t rape forage.
5. the single Silaging method of complete stool rape according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the single ensiling of complete stool rape per ton
Additive in saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis add living bacteria count
Respectively 6 × 1010~1.8 × 1012cfu/g、3×1010~4.5 × 1011cfu/g、4.5×1010~2.25 × 1011cfu/g、
6×1010~1.8 × 1012cfu/g、3×1010~4.5 × 1011cfu/g。
6. the single Silaging method of complete stool rape according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during mechanical bundling, every bundle
Weight 25-30kg, density 700-750kg/M3。
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Cited By (7)
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| CN111990532A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-11-27 | 河南大学 | Silage, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112868914A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-01 | 华中农业大学 | Silage rape feed and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113875890A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-04 | 北京麋鹿生态实验中心 | Preparation method of silage cattail feed |
| CN114468123A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-13 | 四川水利职业技术学院 | Silage additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115399406A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所大理综合实验站(大理市原种场) | Mixed silage method of rape and watermifoil for feed |
| CN115669810A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-02-03 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice silage additive |
| CN118086112A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-05-28 | 兰州大学 | Lactobacillus plantarum, microbial inoculum, additive, feed and related methods |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115399406A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所大理综合实验站(大理市原种场) | Mixed silage method of rape and watermifoil for feed |
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| CN118086112A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-05-28 | 兰州大学 | Lactobacillus plantarum, microbial inoculum, additive, feed and related methods |
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