CN105901308A - Making method of ramie and corn flour mixed silage - Google Patents
Making method of ramie and corn flour mixed silage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105901308A CN105901308A CN201610232267.2A CN201610232267A CN105901308A CN 105901308 A CN105901308 A CN 105901308A CN 201610232267 A CN201610232267 A CN 201610232267A CN 105901308 A CN105901308 A CN 105901308A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a making method of ramie and corn flour mixed silage. The method includes: harvesting and cutting fresh ramie; mixing the corn flour with a microbial fermentation agent evenly; mixing the fresh cut ramie with the corn flour blended with the microbial fermentation agent in proportion; filling a silage pool with the obtained mixture and performing sealing; and conducting fermentation for 18-25d so as to obtain the silage. The production method provided by the invention is simple and practicable, and has the characteristics of low cost, high crude protein content, good quality and strong practicability. The prepared silage is yellow green, has sour and fragrant smell, soft texture and no pungent smell, the stem leaf keeps the state before ensiling, and the leaf vein is clearly visible. With good palatability, the silage (fresh sample) has a lactic acid content up to 5.54mg/g, a pH value of 3.75-4.2, and a crude protein content of 11.78%. While the silage quality is improved, the fermentation time is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed production method, particularly relate to the making side of a kind of Boehmeria and Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff
Method.
Background technology
Ensilage be by green forage through chopping and by water content control between 65% ~ 75%, at airtight anoxia
Under conditions of, carrying out what anaerobic fermentation was made, its production principle is promotion lactic acid bacteria amount reproduction in anaerobic environment, makes solvable
Property sugar transition be lactic acid and accumulate to finite concentration；Lactic acid bacteria fermentation produces a large amount of lactic acid after decomposing saccharide, the lactic acid of generation
Making feedstuff is faintly acid (pH value 3.5-4.2), can effectively suppress other growth of microorganism, thus effectively suppress putrefaction bacteria,
Nutrient substance in ensilage is preserved for a long time.Ensilage have abnormal smells from the patient acid perfume, soft and succulency, good palatability,
Preservation nutritious, the most long-term, is the excellent food source of Herbivore domestic animal, is also to solve winter in Animal husbandry production
Lack one of main method of fresh Boehmeria.
At present, major part ensilage is to use agricultural crop straw or feeding sugar grass, ensiling special corn etc., directly cuts
Short, be compacted, seal and produce.Owing to seasonality and the nutrient composition content of raw material own of crop growth are the lowest, particularly
Crude protein and solubility carbohydrate content are the lowest, farming straw self with lactic acid bacterium number limited, it is difficult to rapidly
Forming lactate fermentation so that the putrefaction bacteria activity time is long, the pH of ensilage declines slowly, causes ensilage nutritive loss
Excessive, easily cause ensilage corrupt, the popularization of serious restriction ensilage expands use.Making of ensilage is expanded for promoting
By dynamics and raising ensilage quality, Urticaceae Boehmeria higher to grass family Boehmeria and the protein content of high yield and high quality is carried out
Mixed silage, with the Use Limitation reaching extension ensilage and the crude protein content improved in ensiling, adds in ensilage
Microbe leaven is to allow lactic acid bacteria rapidly become dominant bacteria, accelerating the pH decrease speed of ensilage, reduces ensiling and raises
The nutrient loss of material, adds the additive such as microbe leaven, organic acid in ensilage and achieves good effect, greatly
Improve greatly ensilage quality.Therefore, the quality improving ensilage is to promoting animal husbandry health, quick, stable development,
Social materials supply and resources conservation, all have great importance and be worth.
As disclosed in CN103504124A, a kind of ensilage processing technique, is by the corn stalk of 7-10 day after dough stage
Stalk whole strain collection, the whole strain corn straw smashing that will gather, is cut into 1-3cm length thread, before putting into pit, sweeps pit, pit
Ground, wall paving plastic foil, then pile with raw material pit, and often stack 50cm thickness compression once, finally at top salting
2-4cm, lid two membranes, with sandbag, difference thin film stitching portion is compacted, after fermentation 25-50 day, obtains ensilage.This technical side
The deficiency of case is, in ensilage, crude protein content is on the low side, and the loss of sweat Middle nutrition is the most serious.
And for example a kind of silage preparation process disclosed in CN101849626A, is to be collected by plant stalk；Collected is planted
Thing Fructus Citri tangerinae bar pulverizer is pulverized；Plant stalk after being pulverized adds strain and other dispensing is fermented；Bailing, close
Envelope；Wherein, described plant stalk is blue or green rice Fructus Citri tangerinae bar, and the strain of interpolation is lactic acid bacteria, and dispensing is corn stalk powder, wheat bran, fermentation
Temperature is room temperature, and fermentation time controlled in 1-2 day.The deficiency of this technical scheme is, strain large usage quantity, and Silage Quality is relatively
Difference, less economical, it is unsuitable for promoting the use of.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be difficult to successfully for the non-single ensiling of grass family Boehmeria in solution prior art, food processing
It is low that middle Glycine max (L.) Merr. is difficult to storage utilization rate, the problems such as ensilage crude protein content is too low, and Silage Quality is poor, it is provided that a kind of ramie
Fiber crops and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions its purpose:
A kind of Boehmeria of the present invention comprises the following steps with the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff:
(1) fresh Boehmeria is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven；
(3) Semen Maydis flour of the mixed microorganism leaven that the fresh Boehmeria chopping material obtained in step (1) obtains with step (2)
It is mixed in proportion；
(4) compound that step (3) obtains is packed in silage silo, seals；
(5) fermentation obtained ensilage after 18～25 days.
Wherein, in step (1), Boehmeria plant is high between 60cm ~ 80cm.In step (2), microbe leaven is Semen Maydis flour
In addition be 2.67g/kg, i.e. every kg Semen Maydis flour adds 2.67g microbe leaven.In step (3), fresh Boehmeria cuts
Particle is mixed by the mass ratio of 85:15 with the Semen Maydis flour of mixed microorganism leaven.Compound is packed into silage silo by step (4)
Successively insert time middle, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively with mechanical ramming or manually track tramping, after silage silo is filled, thin with plastics
Film covers, above cladding thickness be about 30cm soil layer, silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, prevent gas leakage of leaking.It addition, step
(1) in, the harvesting Boehmeria height for the stubble left is 10cm, and gathers at fine day.
Compared with prior art, production method that what the present invention reached have the beneficial effect that is simple and easy to do, low cost, crude protein
Content height, quality better, operability and practical；The ensilage prepared is yellow green, abnormal smells from the patient acid is fragrant, quality is soft, nothing
Perverse nose abnormal smells from the patient, stem and leaf keeps state before ensiling, and vein is high-visible；Good palatability, the lactic acid content in ensilage (fresh sample)
Reaching 5.54mg/g, pH value is between 3.75 ~ 4.2, and crude protein content is 11.78%；Contract while improving ensilage quality
Short fermentation time.
The present invention mixes in proportion with the Semen Maydis flour adding microbe leaven after using the chopping of Urticaceae herbage Boehmeria
Sealing and fermenting after conjunction, is conducive to making lactic acid bacteria rapidly become dominant bacteria, accelerates the pH decrease speed of ensilage, also can reduce green grass or young crops
The nutrient loss of storage feedstuff, improves ensilage quality, has the advantages such as with low cost, convenience and high-efficiency, good economy performance, for changing
The ensilage present situation of kind vast livestock-raising peasant household, has great practical value and economic implications.Use of the present invention
Mixed proportion and the addition of microbe leaven, can increase substantially the content of crude protein in ensilage, when shortening fermentation
Between, beneficially ensilage stores (can preserve 2 years) for a long time.
The present invention uses microbe leaven to originate, by microbe leaven elder generation and Semen Maydis flour as lactic acid bacteria, organic acid
Uniformly mixing, then it is blended with Semen Maydis flour and the Boehmeria uniform mixture manufacturing ensilage in proportion of microbe leaven.Due to
Containing substantial amounts of lactic acid bacteria and organic acid in microbe leaven, it is first mixed with Semen Maydis flour and can promote that lactic acid bacteria is the most numerous
Grow, become dominant bacteria；Organic acid makes the pH value of herbage to be store decline, and creates and is more suitable for the environment that lactic acid bacteria is movable, so that blue or green
Storage feedstuff quickly forms lactic acid bacteria fermentation, the growth of suppression putrefaction bacteria, and then improves the quality of ensilage.The invention provides
Ensiling height, microbe leaven and the adding proportion of Semen Maydis flour, the mixed proportion of two kinds of raw materials, fermentation time, the green grass or young crops of Boehmeria
Reservoir filling thickness, the thickness etc. of overlying soil.These parameters are that inventor produces through long-term practice, observes, repeatedly studies
The synthesis result found, and it has been experimentally verified that its feasibility and correctness, it is non-obvious.
Ensilage of the prior art is usually the straw ensiling of single gramineous crop or graminous pasture and pulse family
Herbage mixed silage, and the silage fermentation time be 40-50, just can open cellar for storing things (pond) use.The present invention utilizes crude protein content higher
Urticaceae herbage Semen Sesami and Semen Maydis flour mixed silage, improve the content of crude protein in ensilage, and add in ensiling and add
Microbe leaven, shortens fermentation time, minimum only needs 20 days, and nutrient loss is little, and ferment effect is good.System of the present invention
Ensilage preserve the time limit up to 2 years or longer, thus the deficiency that greenfeed crude protein content is too low can be made up, accomplish
The annual stable market supply of nutrient substance.After fermentation ends, the pond time of opening of ensilage as required depending on, avoid as far as possible
High temperature or severe cold season.Because high temperature easily makes ensilage ferment in second time or stiff rotten, severe cold easily causes ensilage to freeze.
The present invention by the water content control of ensiling raw material at 65%-75% because moisture is too low or too high the most unfavorable.In raw material
Water deficient, is difficult to compacting, keeps air, cause moldy metamorphism.Excess moisture in raw material, soluble nutrient is easily with oozing
The juice that goes out and run off, sugar content is relatively low simultaneously, is easily caused putrefaction bacteria amount reproduction, affects the quality of ensilage.Sugar
It is the raw material of lactic acid bacteria fermentation formation lactic acid, the most sufficient amount of sugar, it is possible to make lactic acid bacteria produce sufficient amount of breast
Acid, in ensiling raw material, Semen Maydis flour contains substantial amounts of soluble sugar and is conducive to the Fast-propagation of lactic acid bacteria, and forms acid fermentation ring
Border.Ensilage must create anaerobic environment early by modes such as compacting, sealings, create conditions for lactic acid bacteria fermentation.
Microbe leaven will first be mixed by the present invention with Semen Maydis flour, then is mixed in proportion ensiling with the Boehmeria after chopping, can fully promote
Set out ferment, it is ensured that the effect of fermentation, improve crude protein content in ensilage.
When selecting ensiling raw material, it is preferably selected the ensiling raw material that sugar content is high, moisture content is suitable.The present invention selects Semen Maydis flour
Mixed silage is carried out with Boehmeria (a height of 60cm ~ 80cm of plant).This is because the content of soluble-carbohydrate in Semen Maydis flour
Higher being to ensure that lactic acid bacteria amount reproduction, form the primary condition of enough lactic acid, Boehmeria is thick when plant a height of (60cm ~ 80cm)
Protein content is higher, can improve the protein content in ensilage, improves Silage Quality.
In the present invention, the ensiling time can select to gather in fresh herbage at fine day, is not only due to beneficially control to contain
The water yield, reduces the adverse effect factor in environment, it is to avoid herbage goes bad；Also it is because raw material must gather in good time can ensure that feedstuff
Production can obtain most nutrient substance.Too early, raw aqueous is many, can digest nutrient substance few in harvesting；Gather in too late, cellulose
Content increases, and palatability is poor, and digestibility reduces.Ensiling feed moisture content of the prior art with harvesting weather without necessary connection,
Therefore the present invention selects to obtain optimum efficiency in fine day harvesting is not obvious.This is also likely to be due to fine day ring
Border constitutes, to the nutrition in herbage, the Micro influence that generation is useful.
PH value is one of important indicator weighing ensilage quality quality.Excellent ensilage pH is below 4.2.Use
Ensilage pH=3.75 ~ 4.2 that the present invention prepares, for colory ensilage, its Main Nutrient Quality is former with its ensiling
Material is close, and nutritive loss is little, has good palatability, corresponding to the feed intake of ruminant, organic matter digestibility and
Effective energy value is all similar to ensiling raw material, and nutritional quality is good.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to deepen to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, this enforcement
Example is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended that limiting the scope of the present invention.The amendment made on the basis of the present invention or
Improve, if it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, then belong to the scope of protection of present invention.Herein below such as relates to
And quantity or ratio, if no special instructions, all represent mass unit or mass ratio.
Embodiment 1:
(1) fresh Boehmeria (a height of 60cm ~ 80cm of plant) is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven (addition 2.00g/kg)；
(3) chopping of the fresh Boehmeria in step (1), (2) mixes with the Semen Maydis flour (90:10) in proportion of mixed microorganism leaven
Close；
(4) it is packed in silage silo, seals:
Mixing herbage is packed in silage silo, successively inserts, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively it is compacted with tractor, silage silo
Surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, cover thickness above
Degree is about 30cm soil layer, and silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, prevents gas leakage of leaking；
(5) fermentation:
Treat the silage silo sealing and fermenting in step (4), after fermenting 20 days, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
Embodiment 2:
(1) fresh Boehmeria (a height of 60cm ~ 80cm of plant) is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven (addition 2.67g/kg)；
(3) chopping of the fresh Boehmeria in step (1), (2) mixes with the Semen Maydis flour (90:10) in proportion of mixed microorganism leaven
Close；
(4) it is packed in silage silo, seals:
Mixing herbage is packed in silage silo, successively inserts, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively it is compacted with tractor, silage silo
Surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, cover thickness above
Degree is about 30cm soil layer, and silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, prevents gas leakage of leaking；
(5) fermentation:
Treat the silage silo sealing and fermenting in step (4), after fermenting 20 days, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
Embodiment 3:
(1) fresh Boehmeria (a height of 60cm ~ 80cm of plant) is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven (addition 2.00g/kg)；
(3) chopping of the fresh Boehmeria in step (1), (2) mixes with the Semen Maydis flour (85:15) in proportion of mixed microorganism leaven
Close；
(4) it is packed in silage silo, seals:
Mixing herbage is packed in silage silo, successively inserts, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively it is compacted with tractor, silage silo
Surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, cover thickness above
Degree is about 30cm soil layer, and silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, prevents gas leakage of leaking；
(5) fermentation:
Treat the silage silo sealing and fermenting in step (4), after fermenting 20 days, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
Embodiment 4:
(1) fresh Boehmeria (a height of 60cm ~ 80cm of plant) is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven (addition 2.67g/kg)；
(3) chopping of the fresh Boehmeria in step (1), (2) mixes with the Semen Maydis flour (85:15) in proportion of mixed microorganism leaven
Close；
(4) it is packed in silage silo, seals:
Mixing herbage is packed in silage silo, successively inserts, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively it is compacted with tractor, silage silo
Surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, cover thickness above
Degree is about 30cm soil layer, and silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, prevents gas leakage of leaking；
(5) fermentation:
Treat the silage silo sealing and fermenting in step (4), after fermenting 20 days, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
Test example 1:pH is tested
1.1 test materials:
The ensilage that in embodiment 1,2,3,4, step (5) obtains, each 35g；
Precision acidity meter, big funnel, filter paper, gauze, beaker, Glass rod, pH value pHS-3C precision acidity meter etc..
1.2 test methods:
Putting in beaker by each ensilage, sample about 35 g is placed in 200 mL conical flasks, adds about 70 mL deionizations
Water, preservative film seals, and after extracting 24h, filters through double gauze and qualitative filter paper, draws the leachate 2ml filtered at 4 DEG C,
PH value with precision acidity meter detection leachate.
1.3 result of the tests:
After testing, in embodiment 1,2,3,4, the pH testing result of gained ensilage is pH=3.75 ~ 4.2.
Test example 2: nutritive loss is tested
1.1 test materials:
Fresh Boehmeria sampling in embodiment 1,2,3,4 step (1) is as reference substance, blue or green to opening pond feeding gained in step (5)
Storage feedstuff samples as sample；
1.2 test methods:
At test in laboratory, use GB/T 6432 Kjeldahl nitrogen determination gross protein value；Use GB/T6433 soxhlet type
Method measures crude fat content；GB/T 6435 high temperature drying techniques is used to measure dry matter content；Bomb calorimeter is used to measure energy
Amount；Van Soest method is used to measure neutral detergent fiber content.
1.3 result of the tests:
Detection finds, the Main Nutrients of embodiment 1,2,3,4 gained ensilage (thick protein, crude fat, dry, energy,
Neutral detergent fiber) it is lost in less than 5%.
Test example 3: animal experiment
3.1 test materials:
In embodiment 4, step (5) gained ensilage is experimental group coarse fodder；
The ensilage prepared with whole-plant corn in prior art is matched group coarse fodder；
3.2 test methods:
Use the design of single-factor random experiment, randomly choose test group and matched group.Test period is 60 days, enters in certain meat sheep field
OK, preliminary trial period is 7 days.
Select that kind is identical with sex, body weight and birth monthly age close meat sheep 40, be randomly divided into test group and comparison
Group, often group 20, raise in carrying out colony house.Feeding and management is carried out according to the feeding and management code of meat sheep plant interior-excess row, meat
In sheep Diet Formula, slightly ratio is for (3.5:6.5) for essence, and in meat sheep formula in addition to ensilage difference, other proportioning raw materials are constant.Raise
The mode of feeding: free choice feeding, measures quantity-unlimiting.
3.3 result of the tests:
3.3.1 in experimental period, the weightening finish of test meat sheep is shown in Table 1.
3.4 conclusions:
Can be drawn by table 1, in experimental period, the averagely every daily gain of test group is 0.248 ± 0.09kg, adds than matched group
0.227 ± 0.06kg, improves 9.25%, and within 60 days experimental periods, test group is average every many weightening finish 1.26kg than matched group.
In experimental period, the average feed-weight ratio of test group is (4.12:1), and feed-weight ratio average than matched group is (4.41:1), tries during testing
Test the average feed-weight ratio of group and decline 6.58% than matched group.Test proves, uses the ensilage quality better that the present invention prepares, to carrying
The weightening finish of high meat sheep has positive effect, reduces production cost, improves fanning economics.
Certainly, being more than the concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, the present invention also has other embodiment, and all employings are equal to
Replace or the technical scheme of equivalent transformation formation, within all falling within protection domain of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a Boehmeria and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) fresh Boehmeria is gathered in, chopping:
(2) Semen Maydis flour is uniformly mixed with microbe leaven；
(3) Semen Maydis flour of the mixed microorganism leaven that the fresh Boehmeria chopping material obtained in step (1) obtains with step (2)
It is mixed in proportion；
(4) compound that step (3) obtains is packed in silage silo, seals；
(5) fermentation obtained ensilage after 18～25 days.
Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that: step
(1) in, Boehmeria plant is high between 60cm ~ 80cm.
Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that: step
(2) in, microbe leaven addition in Semen Maydis flour is 2.67g/kg.
Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that: step
(3) in, fresh Boehmeria chopping material is mixed by the mass ratio of 85:15 with the Semen Maydis flour of mixed microorganism leaven.
Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that: step
(4) successively insert when compound being packed in silage silo, every thickness 30cm ~ 40cm, successively with mechanical ramming or manually track tramping,
After silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, above cladding thickness be about 30cm soil layer, silage silo surrounding is tight with grave,
Prevent gas leakage of leaking.
Boehmeria the most according to claim 1 and the manufacture method of Semen Maydis flour mixed silage feedstuff, it is characterised in that: step
(1) in, the harvesting Boehmeria height for the stubble left is 10cm, and gathers at fine day.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610232267.2A CN105901308A (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2016-04-14 | Making method of ramie and corn flour mixed silage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610232267.2A CN105901308A (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2016-04-14 | Making method of ramie and corn flour mixed silage |
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| CN106819409A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
| CN107455554A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-12 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method of complete stool ramie pellet |
| CN109043141A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-21 | 咸宁市农业科学院 | A kind of ramie leaf fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109430538A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-03-08 | 邵勇军 | Ensilage preparation method |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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| CN106819409A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |