KR100961085B1 - Method of processing the silage by using hay - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of fermented feed using hay is provided to manufacture the fermented feed for herbivorous livestock of a succulent feed type, and to increase a lifespan of the feed by using microorganism fermenting principal. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing method of fermented feed using hay comprises the following steps: mixing Timothy hay 10~18 weight%, Alfalfa hay 15~18 weight%, Oat hay 15~18 weight%, corn silage 5~10 weight%, additive 6~15 weight%, diluted solution of lactic acid bacteria 30~40 weight% with a mixer while cutting each material to 2 ~ 3 cm(S1); vacuum sealing the mixed materials with a wrapping material; and aging the packed materials. The diluted solution of lactic acid bacteria is manufactured by adding brewers grains, molasses, brown sugar, and Lactobacilus Plantarum(10^9cfu/g).

Description

Fermented feed (Sｉｌａｇｅ) manufacturing method using hay {Method of processing the silage by using hay}

The present invention relates to a herbivore livestock feed, and more particularly to a method of preparing fermented feed (Silage) to enable the herbivore livestock to eat the most favorite raw grasses (Hay).

Herbivores live by ingesting fiber-rich grass (poughage) and plant seeds and grains from nature. Therefore, herbivores are absolutely affected by the natural conditions in which they live.

When the land where herbivore live is poor and the organisms living in the land are poor, the nutrient intake is not smooth, so the body is small and dwarf, and the plant is rich in nutritious plants. In the area where you can live, you will be able to grow into a good breed with a large body size, good athleticism and good economic efficiency.

If you want to produce high-quality meat, produce a lot of sheep, or exercise like horses as you do collectively in multi-breed farming today, the herbivore feed "grass" is very important. Become a factor of production.

This is because herbivorous livestock is inherently able to live by eating grass only. To maximize productivity, economics and mobility, humans try to consume more nutrients such as calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. Feeding large quantities of fish and feeding more feed in a limited range of livestock is recognized as a good breeding practice.

However, herbivore livestock has a physiological structure in which normal life activities can be performed only when a certain amount (approximately 50% or more) of the whole food is fed to a fiber-rich "grass" (forage). Therefore, the quality of grasses and their composition is a factor linked to the productivity of herbivores.

There are four types of grasses provided to herbivorous cattle: ① Grazing, ② Green Chpping, ③ Silage, and ④ Hay. The climate conditions (rainfall, temperature, etc.), storage method, and method of securing feed (Portfolio) of the area where grass is produced are determined.

Looking at the pros and cons of different grass types,

① In the case of grazing, labor and breeding costs are small, but wide grassland is required, grassland management is good, and it can be greatly restricted by temperature (summer and winter).

② The cultivation method is a method of cultivating, harvesting, and feeding feed crops in fodder, which can be adopted when the cultivation area is relatively small but there is oily land. The yield per unit is high, but the total quantity is limited, and the equipment and labor are limited. There are many drawbacks.

③ The silage is used in areas where it is difficult to make hay, due to the relatively high rainfall. It can be stored all year round, and can feed the succulent foods that livestock like in the winter, and also ferment microorganisms. (Lactobacillus) feed has excellent palatability, and has the advantage as a wellbeing food for health and longevity of livestock by providing intestinal action and immune function.

④ Hay is the most widely used method, but most of the survey fee is used because it is easy to move and store between regions and countries. However, since hay is mainly produced in desert areas where rainfall is low, there is a limit in production locally, and there are many areas where palatability is inferior to other types of survey usage and hard to use.

The country has a narrow national road, such as Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, so that the production of grass feed is limited. However, the number of herbivores of cattle and horses is high. There is a high demand for research fees, most of which rely on imports from abroad in the form of "hay".

Native herbivorous herbivorous, herbivorous greens and silages are bulky, have a high risk of deterioration, and require high distribution costs, thus limiting imports from foreign countries. There are also many restrictions on livestock specifications.

As a way to effectively respond to this, by using the imported hay to produce fermented (Silage) succulent food that has the same effect as the raw herbivorous herbivorous cattle (Succulent Food) throughout the year inexpensive and convenient to use In doing so, it can be a way to contribute to livestock specification by exerting economic ability, convenience and ability as well.

Therefore, the present invention provides fermented feed for herbivorous livestock feed in the form of succulent food, which is convenient to use because of its long expiration date, as well as having a similar effect as raw grass using microbial fermentation principle without decay or alteration of hay. Its purpose is to provide a method for producing a fermented feed.

The present invention for achieving the above object, feed by creating an environmental condition of the water content of 40 to 60% that can actively inhabit the microorganisms involved in fermentation in hay hay water content of about 10-13% Fermentation is carried out so that the same effect as raw grass is obtained, and a preparation step of the material, a mixing step of mixing and mixing the prepared material in a predetermined ratio, a packaging step of packaging the mixed material, and ripening the packaged material In order for the fermentation to take effect.

Fermented feed made according to the method of the present invention,

1. It is possible to supply herbivorous cattle with succulent food that has been fermented stably during the year.

2. The palatability is good, and the livestock is satisfied. (Productivity improvement)

3. The suitability of fermented microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria) maintains good stool status, health and good condition.

4. The fermented feed produced in accordance with the present invention is standardized and can be supplied at any time, thus enabling the systemization of forage feed to herbivores.

5. Since herbivore livestock is greatly affected by the survey fee conditions, it can be an opportunity to overcome the limitations of the herbivore livestock breeding conditions in a farming environment such as Korea where the land area is small.

6. Fermented feed made according to the present invention is very useful for livestock such as breeder or high-capable cattle.

7. In particular, horses, which should be sensitively controlled, had to rely on imports expensively until payment was made, but it was possible to substitute them with domestic development products, thereby making full use of horses' ability by saving enough not only in foreign currency but also in quantity. It will be an opportunity to make it possible, and it can be expected to contribute greatly to the development of Korean horse industry.

1 is a block diagram showing a process sequence for achieving the method according to the invention,
Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the specific steps of the ripening process in the method of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a method of preparing fermented feed using hay according to the present invention will be described in detail.

According to the present invention, a method of preparing fermented feed using hay includes a preparation process, a mixing process of mixing and mixing the prepared materials in a predetermined ratio, a packaging process of packaging the mixed materials, and fermenting the packaged materials. Aging process is included.

1. Preparation Process -S1

Materials to be prepared in the method for producing a fermented feed according to the present invention are hay and microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria diluent.

hay

Hay, which occupies the largest portion of the raw materials of fermented feed according to the present invention, has a moisture content of about 10 to 13% by weight and should not be contaminated because soil or foreign substances are not mixed. . This is because fermentation does not interfere.

Hay mix ratio of the feed according to the present invention is 40-50% by weight, 60-68% by weight of hay is the flower family (禾本科) and 32-40% by weight of the legume (두 科), the flower and hay Timothy (Timothy) (Phleum pratense L) hay, Oat (Avena sativa) hay, etc. The poultry hay is alfalfa hay.

microbe

Microorganisms involved in the fermentation of feed according to the present invention are Lactobacilus Species (lactic acid bacteria), representative strains are Lactobacilus Plamtarum, Lactobacilus Acidophilus.

These lactic acid bacteria are gram-positive bacilli and are anaerobic bacteria, and homogenize carbohydrates to produce lactic acid. These lactic acid bacteria do not grow at 15 ℃ and can be grown at 45 ℃, the optimum temperature is 37 ℃.

They have strong resistance to acids and bile acids, so they can grow even when they enter the body, inhibit the intestinal adhesion of harmful germs in the intestines of animals, promote the secretion of immune substances, and prevent diseases.塚) is a beneficial bacterium that has the function of reducing diarrhea, weight gain, and digestion and absorption of nutrients.

In the development of the feed according to the present invention, it is possible to ferment the hay of about 10% moisture to 50% moisture without rot or deterioration only by making the conditions under which the microorganisms can be actively grown. .

In addition, once fermentation is well made, if the growth conditions of the microorganisms are well adjusted, it is possible to preserve the feed according to the present invention without decay during the survival of these microorganisms.

The long-term preservation and distribution of the feed is possible because the microorganisms are alive. The important growth conditions for the microorganisms to live like this are ① moisture ② temperature ③ nutrients ④ air blocking, so that these conditions can be controlled well. Is an important task in the feed according to the present invention.

Lactobacillus diluent

In the fermented feed according to the present invention, for 2 to 5% by weight, 3 to 7% by weight of molasses, 1 to 3% by weight of brown sugar, well-aged corn silage (Lactobacilus Plantarum bacteria) for moisture control, microbial nutrient supply, spawn inoculation, etc. Supply) 5 ~ 10% by weight of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilus Plantarum (10 ⁹ cfu / g) 0.3 ~ 1% by weight of water and molasses is added to make a dilution solution of lactic acid bacteria and the total moisture is controlled with this dilution.

2. Mixing-S2

As described above, the material prepared in the preparation process is 10-18% by weight of Timothy hay, 15-18% by weight of Alfalfa hay, 15-18% by weight of oat hay, 5 ~ corn silage. 10% by weight, 6-15% by weight of additives, 30-40% by weight of the lactic acid bacteria dilution (Lactobacilus SP) is transferred to the mixer and mixed while cutting to cut the size of the particles to 2-3cm.

At this time, haystack is weighed by batch in two digital scales and transferred to the mixer by belt conveyor.

Beer bak, molasses, corn silage among the above materials. Lactobacillus (diluent) is weighed into a negative weighing system by a load cell device in each storage tank itself and then transferred to the mixer.

And other trace additives are added to the mixer after individual weighing.

Weighed various raw materials are transferred to two mixers alternately and mixed. Hay and soft raw materials are mixed and cut at the same time. At this time, the size of the particles is adjusted to an average of 2-3 cm.

3. Packing-S3

Since air blocking is an important condition in the manufacture of fermented feed, it should be vacuum sealed with as little air contact as possible. Therefore, the mixed material is packaged using a compression vacuum packing machine and sealed after the mixed material is filled in the process. Seal with a sealer.

Enclosed bags (products) are strapped into an out bag to prevent damage (air blocking), storage and transport. Using this outback can handle the product more securely than wrapping the band with vinyl.

It is packaged using a compressed vacuum packer and sealed with a sealer after the product is filled in the wrapping paper.

Enclosed bags (products) are strapped into an out bag to prevent damage (air blocking), storage and transport. Using this outback can handle the product more securely than wrapping the band with vinyl.

4. Fermentation process (fermentation process) -S4

The aging room should be constructed so that the insulation is good and the electric cooler and heater are installed to keep the room at 20 ~ 30 ℃.

The size of the maturation chamber was 7.000 mm wide by 5.000 mm long by 3,000 mm high, so that about 20 tons could be stored and aged here for 6-8 days.

After ripening, store or feed again in a cool place below 15 ℃. If it is kept at a high temperature even after ripening, the microorganisms continue to be vigorous and rapidly enter the decline phase, resulting in a shortening of the flow period.

When the air is blocked and the lactic acid bacteria become active and the concentration of lactic acid gradually increases (pH 4), fermentation is completed and stabilized while suppressing the activities of acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria that promote odor or decay. The change process is as follows (Figure 2).

1) Step 1: As lactic acid bacteria are anaerobic, the oxygen must be completely removed from the wrapping paper to produce lactic acid and fermentation by slowly reducing the pH. Will be present, and it takes 1-3 days after sealing to completely eliminate this oxygen and activate lactic acid bacteria fermentation. PH6 then lowers to pH5 at the time of manufacture.

In this first stage, heat, carbon dioxide, and water are generated as the respiratory action occurs, and the temperature is gradually increased at 15 to 25 ° C., and oxygen is exhausted by 4 to 5 hours, and once oxygen is exhausted, molecular breathing is performed for 1 to 2 days. This is done.

2) Step 2: After 2 ~ 3 days after manufacture, it is a period of progressing from pH5 to pH4. During this period, oxygen is completely exhausted in the bag and growth of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) is in full swing. In this process, the temperature is increased to about 32 ° C. The shorter the process up to the second stage, the better the quality of the fermented feed, and in order to do so, the oxygen must be quickly removed from the bag, so compression vacuum packaging is important during manufacture.

3) Step 3: Oxygen is completely disappeared and lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) are actively grown to reach pH4, and bacterial culture is significantly suppressed, and the temperature is slightly lowered to maintain the temperature of 27 ~ 31 ℃.

4) Step 4: When the concentration of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) reaches 55-65%, the bacterial culture is completely suppressed and enters a stage safe from rot or deterioration. This is the stage where ripening is completed.

5) Step 5: If the air is completely blocked and pH3 ~ pH4, 50% ~ 70% moisture is well preserved, stable state can be maintained and long term preservation is possible.

6) Step 6: However, when air exposure (secondary fermentation) occurs, the pH rises rapidly and decay changes rapidly.

In general, in the manufacturing process in the air-sealed state in the aging room of 20 ~ 30 ℃ 6 ~ 8 days or so enters the stabilization stage of fermentation and a fresh smell of fermentation.

After ripening is completed, the preservation temperature should be cool again (below 15 ℃) to reduce the activity of lactic acid bacteria, which can take a longer storage period.

However, lactic acid bacteria also have a long life, so it is advantageous to use them as soon as possible after ripening. After three weeks at room temperature (20 ℃) after aging, the concentration of lactic acid bacteria is reduced by 14%. However, the storage conditions may not be consistent with each other, but in general, the product can be used for 30 days from the date of manufacture without significantly affecting the quality of the product.

In this way, there may be some differences depending on the storage conditions after aging, but the effective shelf life is 30 days from the date of manufacture, which can be stored for a relatively long time.

EXAMPLE

1) In the actual application example according to the method of the present invention as described above, hay is Timothy hay (Timothy hay) 10-18% by weight, Alfalfa hay (15-18% by weight), Oat hay (15) It was 18 weight%.

The grain size of hay was cut to an average of 2 to 3 cm, and the particle size distribution after cutting was 12 to 18% by weight in 1 cm or less, 25 to 35% by weight in 1 to 2 cm, and 35 to 45 in 2 to 3 cm. The weight% and 3-4 cm became about 12-18 weight%.

2) And the material is 10-18% by weight of Timothy Hay, 15-18% by weight of Alfalfa Hay, 15-18% by weight of Oat Hay, 5-10% by weight of corn silage %, Liquid lactobacillus dilution 30% to 40% by weight of the mixture.

Mixing time is 5 minutes of input time, 10 minutes of stagnation after all raw materials arrive at the mixer, and 5 minutes of discharge time. The total time required to mix 1 batch is 20 minutes and 1 batch. The capacity of the batch was about 1 to 2 tons.

3) The mixed feeds were vacuum-packed and subjected to the aging process as described above, and analyzed as follows.

① Moisture: 49.9 wt%

② crude protein: 7.92% by weight

③ crude fiber: 13.4% by weight

④ Crude ash: 4.0 wt%

⑤ ADF: 14.7 wt%

⑥ NDF: 23.8 wt%

In this way, the method of the invention can be used to produce a succulent feed such as raw grass (raw grass) using less moisture hay can not only provide a stable herbivore livestock year-round, but also to change the state of change due to the action of fermentation microorganisms It is possible to improve the health, so that the condition can always be kept in the best condition, while the fermented feed made according to the present invention is standardized so that it can be supplied at any time, so that it is possible to systemize the salary for herbicides. And the like can be obtained.

S1- Preparation Process S2- Mixing Process
S3- Packing Process S4- Aging Process

Claims (2)

Consists of timothy hay, alfalfa hay, and oat hay, with 10 to 13% by weight of moisture and no grains or dirt, and an average particle size of 2-3 cm Hay, microorganisms of Lactobacilus Species and 2-5% by weight of beer bak, 3-7% by molasses, 1-3% by brown sugar, 5-10% by weight of aged corn silage (Lactobacilus Plantarum bacteria supplied) , Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacilus Plantarum (10 ⁹ cfu / g) and 0.3 to 1% by weight to prepare a dilution liquid lactic acid bacteria prepared by adding molasses;
Among the materials prepared in the preparation process, Timothy hay 10-18 wt%, Alfalfa hay 15-18 wt%, Oat hay 15-18 wt%, Corn silage 5-10 wt% 6 to 15 wt% of the additives, the mixture of lactic acid bacteria dilution (Lactobacilus SP) 30 to 40% by weight of the mixing to transfer to a mixer to cut the size of the particles to 2 to 3cm mixing;
A packaging step of vacuum-sealing the packaging material such that the materials mixed in the mixing step do not come into contact with air;
It includes a aging step of ripening the material through the packaging process,
The aging process is vacuum packaging the mixed raw materials and then stored for 6-8 days at a constant temperature of 20 ~ 30 ℃ to allow the lactic acid bacteria to multiply in the mixed raw materials and to ripen to pH3 ~ pH4, and then sealed with a packaging material After 1 ~ 3 days of respiration, heat and carbon dioxide and water are generated, and the temperature is gradually increased at 15 ~ 25 ℃, and oxygen is exhausted by 4 ~ 5 hours, after 1 ~ 2 days Molecular respiration of the first stage is lowered from pH6 to pH5,
2 to 3 days after the production through the first step proceeds from pH5 to pH4, the oxygen is completely exhausted and the second stage of full-blown lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) growth,
Oxygen is completely eliminated and lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) actively proliferate to reach pH 4, and bacterial cultures are remarkably suppressed, and the temperature is maintained at 27 to 31 ° C. in three stages,
As the concentration of lactic acid bacteria (lactic acid bacteria) reaches 55-65%, the bacterial culture is completely suppressed and the four stages from decay or alteration to the completion of safe ripening,
If the air is completely blocked and pH3 ~ pH4, 50% ~ 70% of moisture is preserved, stable state can be maintained and long-term preservation is possible.
According to claim 1, wherein the distribution of the particle size after cutting the hay is 1-18 cm or less 12 to 18% by weight, 1 to 2 cm is 25 to 35% by weight, 2-3 cm is 35 to 45% by weight, 3 to 4 Fermented feed production method using hay, characterized in that the cm to 12 to 18% by weight.

Images