CN102960545A - Ensiling feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ensiling feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960545A CN102960545A CN2012105250343A CN201210525034A CN102960545A CN 102960545 A CN102960545 A CN 102960545A CN 2012105250343 A CN2012105250343 A CN 2012105250343A CN 201210525034 A CN201210525034 A CN 201210525034A CN 102960545 A CN102960545 A CN 102960545A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ensiling feed and a preparation method thereof. The ensiling feed disclosed by the invention takes ramie immature stems and leaves as main raw materials to be mixed with one of four materials including ensiling corns, a dissolvable sugar raw material, a nutrition additive or crop dry straws added with the dissolvable sugar raw material, which is used as an auxiliary raw material; and the high-quality and high-protein ensiling feed for feeding plant-eating animals including beefs, cows, sheep and the like is obtained by bundling, covering a film and ensiling. The preparation method of the ensiling feed disclosed by the invention can guarantee the ensiling quality of the ramie immature stem and leaf feed and improves the nutrition quality and the palatability, so that the supply period of the ramie immature stem and leaf feed is prolonged, the utilization efficiency is improved and the high-quality and high-protein feed is provided for southern plant-eating animals. The ensiling feed prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the obvious social and economic benefits in the aspect of relieving insufficient high-quality pastures of the southern plant-eating animals, improving the animal growing effect, reducing the feed cost, saving energy, increasing the effect and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ensilage and processing method thereof.
Background technology
The herbage that south China is extensively planted is take gramineous crop as main, high-quality, high yield and adaptable herbage are seldom, especially extremely lack with high-quality protein herbage, be unfavorable for the high-speed and high-efficiency development of modern times " grain-saving type " animal husbandry of attaching most importance to beef cattle, milk cow, mutton sheep.Feeding ramie is as southern characteristic forage crop, remedied the deficiency of south China deficient high yield, high-quality protein herbage.The ramie annidation is strong, and biological yield is large, and to be not suitable with hot and humid characteristic different from " gold herbage " clover, also can grow well under the hot and humid weather conditions of south China.Nutritive value and the clover of ramie young stem and leaf are close, are the protein feed crops of high-quality.Ramie does studies show that of feed cattle feeding and milk cow, with ramie siccative Substitute For Partial fine fodder breeding milk cow, not only on the output of milk and not impact of Milk quality, and the mastitis of milk cow, hysteritis etc. is had certain antiinflammatory action.But the inconvenience of fresh ramie feed is preserved, and ramie feed is dried rear preservation, although storage life prolongs, dried ramie feed nutritional labeling reduces, and palatability is bad.If feeding ramie is made ensilage, will prolong feeding ramie supply cycle, improve feeding ramie utilization ratio.But ramie young stem and leaf feed has the characteristic that contains high protein, high-moisture, low soluble-carbohydrate, make it be not easy ensiling, and energy is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of ensilage and processing method thereof are provided.
Ensilage provided by the invention take the ramie young stem and leaf as main material, obtains by ensiling.
The processing method of ensilage provided by the invention, step is as follows:
A. will mix with auxiliary material as the ramie young stem and leaf of main material, total moisture content of control compound is 60%~70%, sugar content is 1.0%~1.5%, length is 2~4 centimetres, wherein said auxiliary material is silage corn, soluble sugar raw material, nourishing additive agent or adds one of crops dry straw of soluble sugar raw material that the consumption of auxiliary material is 0.9%~100% of ramie young stem and leaf quality;
B. the compound that step a is obtained breaks into the round bale that density is 400~500kg/ rice 3 with the ensilage machine for forming cylindrical bale;
C. the round bale that step b is obtained is in 2~6 layers of sealing of film coating of ensiling coating machine;
D. the round bale behind the coating is placed dry place, 15oC is above to be placed 28~40 days, got ensilage.
As the further improvement of processing method of the present invention, to be 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie or fiber be lower than 40 centimetres tender taper with ramie to the ramie young stem and leaf among the step a divides; With the cutting of the ramie young stem and leaf among the step a, destroy the physical arrangement of leaf, stem first, carry out again airing, with the moisture content of the fresh ramie young stem and leaf of fast reducing, reduce its nutritional labeling loss, thereby obtain the main material of high-quality.
As the further improvement of processing method of the present invention, the consumption of the described silage corn of step a is 0.6~1.0 times of ramie young stem and leaf quality; The described soluble sugar raw material of step a is 4%~5% molasses of 0.9%~1.2% white sugar of ramie young stem and leaf quality or ramie young stem and leaf quality; The described nourishing additive agent of step a be salt and granularity less than the mixture of 60 purpose corn flour, wherein the consumption of salt is 0.3%~0.5% of ramie young stem and leaf quality, the consumption of corn flour is 10%~15% of ramie young stem and leaf quality; The crops dry straw of the described interpolation soluble sugar of step a raw material, wherein the consumption of crops dry straw is 20%~30% of ramie young stem and leaf quality, the soluble sugar raw material is 1.0%~1.2% white sugar of ramie young stem and leaf quality; The described film of step c is the special-purpose stretched film of ensiling.
Ensilage provided by the invention take the ramie young stem and leaf as main material, obtains the ensilage of feeding the plant-eating animals such as beef, milk cow, sheep by ensiling.The processing method of ensilage provided by the invention, by adding auxiliary material, guarantee Silage Quality, improve the nutritional quality of ramie young stem and leaf feed, improve its palatability, thereby prolong the ramie young stem and leaf supply of forage cycle, improve its utilization ratio, the high protein feed of high-quality is provided for southern plant-eating animal.The little density of ensilage volume that processing method provided by the invention makes is large, is convenient to transportation, alleviating southern plant-eating animal high quality forage deficiency, improves the growth of animal effect, reduces feed cost, and the aspects such as energy efficiency all have obvious economic results in society.
The specific embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below be explained with embodiment.Need to prove that following examples only as enumerating, should not be considered as the restriction to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 is cut to 2~4 centimetre lengths with 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie and crops dry straw with the stalk cutting machine, wherein the consumption of agricultural crop straw is 30% of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie, and 1.0% the white sugar that adds 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie mixes, total moisture content of compound is 60%, and sugar content is 1.0%; Above-mentioned compound is broken into the round bale that density is 400kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 35~40kg with ensilage machine for forming cylindrical bale (the small-sized ensilage equipment of the herbage of Tianjin You Naite Mechanical Technology Inc., following examples are together); This round bale in the 2 layers of sealing of the special-purpose stretched film coating of ensiling of ensiling coating machine, is placed the above placement of the dry 15oC of place 40 days, get ensilage.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.2, and vinosity is arranged, and tart flavour is dense, and stink is light, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and agricultural crop straw is faint yellow, and the ensilage quality is soft, and is tack-free.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 10kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 15%, the Beef Cattle Growth property retention is constant.
Embodiment 2 as different from Example 1, the consumption of crops dry straw is 25% of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie, the consumption of white sugar is 1.1% of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie, and total moisture content of compound is 65%, and sugar content is 1.1%; Round bale density is 450kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 38~45kg; 4 layers of sealing of coating, 20~25oC placed 32 days.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.3, and vinosity is arranged, and tart flavour is dense, and stink is light, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and agricultural crop straw is yellow green, and the ensilage quality is soft, slightly sticking hand.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 15%, the Beef Cattle Growth property retention is constant.
Embodiment 3 as different from Example 1, the consumption of crops dry straw is 20% of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie, the consumption of white sugar is 1.2% of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie, and total moisture content of compound is 70%, and sugar content is 1.2%; The density of round bale is 500kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 45~50kg; 6 layers of sealing of coating, 25~30oC placed 28 days.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.4, and pungent concentrated acid flavor is arranged, and stink is dense, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and agricultural crop straw is faint yellow, and the ensilage quality is viscosity slightly.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 13kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 15%, the Beef Cattle Growth property retention is constant.
Embodiment 4 as different from Example 1,60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie and silage corn are through after the airing, get main material and auxiliary material, with 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie with for 0.6 times silage corn of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie after the airing is cut to 2~4 centimetre lengths, mix again; Round bale density is 430kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 40~45kg.Opening bag, to measure pH value be 4.1, and sour fragrance is arranged, and odorless smells very comfortablely, and numb leaf be green, and silage corn is yellow, and the ensilage quality is soft, and is tack-free.Feeding cow, every day, every feeding volume was 10kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 20%, the cow producing milk property retention is constant, reduces simultaneously antiphlogistic use amount 60%.
Embodiment 5 as different from Example 4, the consumption of silage corn is 0.8 times of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie after the airing, total moisture content of control compound is 65%, sugar content is 1.2%; Round bale density is 460kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 44~48kg; 4 layers of sealing of coating, 20~25oC placed 32 days.Opening bag, to measure pH value be 4.0, and sour fragrance is arranged, and odorless smells very comfortablely, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and silage corn is glassy yellow, and the ensilage quality is soft, slightly glues hand.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 12kg, was reducing under fine fodder 20% prerequisite, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 6 is lower than 40 centimetres tender taper with fiber with ramie and divides and substitute 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie as different from Example 4, and the consumption of silage corn is that fiber is lower than 40 centimetres 1.0 times of tender taper minute quality after the airing with ramie; Total moisture content of control compound is 70%, and sugar content is 1.5%; Round bale density is 500kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 46~52kg; 6 layers of sealing of coating, 25~30oC placed 28 days.Opening bag, to measure pH value be 4.0, and sweet sour fragrance is arranged, and odorless smells very comfortablely, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and silage corn be yellow, and the ensilage quality is soft, the summary toughness.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 14kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 16%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 7 as different from Example 4, first 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie are cut to 2~4 centimetre lengths, airing to water content is 60% again, get main material, and substitute silage corn as auxiliary material with white sugar, consumption be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 0.9%; Round bale density is 400kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 40~45kg.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.3, and acid smell and vinic acid flavor is arranged, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 10kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 25%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 8 as different from Example 5, the full bar leaves of 60~80 centimetres of feeding ramies are rubbed to 2~4 centimetre lengths with kneading machine through after the airing, mix with 1.0% white sugar of 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie after the airing; Round bale density is 450kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 43~48kg.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.1, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.Feeding cow, every day, every feeding volume was 12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 30%, the cow producing milk property retention is constant, reduces simultaneously antiphlogistic use amount 70%.
Embodiment 9 as different from Example 6, fiber is lower than 40 centimetres tender taper with ramie and divides through after the airing, rub to 2~4 centimetre lengths with kneading machine, 1.2% the white sugar that is lower than 40 centimetres tender taper minute quality with fiber after the airing with ramie mixes.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.1, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.Feeding cow, every day, every feeding volume was 12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 30%, the cow producing milk property retention is constant, reduces simultaneously antiphlogistic use amount 70%.
Embodiment 10 substitutes white sugar as auxiliary material with molasses as different from Example 7, consumption be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 4%.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.2, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feed intake was 10~12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 20%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 11 substitutes white sugar as auxiliary material with molasses as different from Example 8, consumption be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 4.5%.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.2, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feed intake was 10~12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 20%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 12 substitutes white sugar as auxiliary material with molasses as different from Example 9, consumption be after the airing fiber be lower than with ramie 40 centimetres tender taper minute quality 5%.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.2, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feed intake was 10~12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 20%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 13 as different from Example 7, first 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie are cut to 2~4 centimetre lengths, airing to water content is 65% again, and substitute white sugar as auxiliary material with salt with less than 60 purpose corn flour, wherein the consumption of salt be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 0.3%, the consumption of corn flour be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 10%, control compound total moisture content be 60%, sugar content is 1.1%; Round bale density is 420kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 43~47kg.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.1, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is dirty-green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 10kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 25%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 14 as different from Example 13,60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie are cut to that airing to water content is 72% behind 2~4 centimetre lengths, the consumption of salt be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 0.4%, the consumption of corn flour be after the airing 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaf qualities of feeding ramie 12%, total moisture content of control compound is 65%, and sugar content is 1.3%; Round bale density is 450kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 45~50kg; 3 layers of sealing of coating, 20~25oC placed 35 days.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.0, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 12kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 30%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Embodiment 15 as different from Example 13, being lower than 40 centimetres tender taper with fiber with ramie divides and substitutes 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie, be cut to that airing to water content is 80% behind 2~4 centimetre lengths, the consumption of salt be after the airing fiber be lower than with ramie 40 centimetres tender taper minute quality 0.5%, the consumption of corn flour be after the airing fiber be lower than with ramie 40 centimetres tender taper minute quality 15%, total moisture content of control compound is 70%, and sugar content is 1.5%; Round bale density is 500kg/ rice 3, every bundle weight 48~54kg; 5 layers of sealing of coating, 25~30oC placed 28 days.Opening bag mensuration pH value is 4.0, and concentrated acid flavor and vinosity are arranged, and stink is light, and numb leaf is green, and waste of flax is soft, and ensilage is toughness slightly.The beef cattle of feeding, every day, every feeding volume was 14kg, under the prerequisite that reduces fine fodder 40%, the Beef production property retention is constant.
Claims (9)
1. an ensilage take the ramie young stem and leaf as main material, obtains by ensiling.
2. the processing method of an ensilage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. will mix with auxiliary material as the ramie young stem and leaf of main material, total moisture content of control compound is 60%~70%, sugar content is 1.0%~1.5%, length is 2~4 centimetres, wherein said auxiliary material is silage corn, soluble sugar raw material, nourishing additive agent or adds one of crops dry straw of soluble sugar raw material that the consumption of auxiliary material is 0.9%~100% of ramie young stem and leaf quality;
B. the compound that step a is obtained breaks into the round bale that density is 400~500kg/m3 with the ensilage machine for forming cylindrical bale;
C. the round bale that step b is obtained is in 2~6 layers of sealing of film coating of ensiling coating machine;
D. the round bale behind the coating is placed dry place, 15oC is above to be placed 28~40 days, got ensilage.
3. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: to be 60~80 centimetres of full bar leaves of feeding ramie or fiber be lower than 40 centimetres tender taper with ramie to the ramie young stem and leaf among the step a divides.
4. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: with the cutting of the ramie young stem and leaf among the step a, carry out airing first again, get main material.
5. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the consumption of the described silage corn of step a is 0.6~1.0 times of ramie young stem and leaf quality.
6. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the described soluble sugar raw material of step a is 4%~5% molasses of 0.9%~1.2% white sugar of ramie young stem and leaf quality or ramie young stem and leaf quality.
7. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described nourishing additive agent of step a is that salt and granularity are less than the mixture of 60 purpose corn flour, wherein the consumption of salt is 0.3%~0.5% of ramie young stem and leaf quality, and the consumption of corn flour is 10%~15% of ramie young stem and leaf quality.
8. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the crops dry straw of the described interpolation soluble sugar of step a raw material, wherein the consumption of crops dry straw is 20%~30% of ramie young stem and leaf quality, and the soluble sugar raw material is 1.0%~1.2% white sugar of ramie young stem and leaf quality.
9. the processing method of ensilage as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the described film of step c is the special-purpose stretched film of ensiling.
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