CN105851501A - Mixed ensilage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed ensilage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105851501A CN105851501A CN201610251524.7A CN201610251524A CN105851501A CN 105851501 A CN105851501 A CN 105851501A CN 201610251524 A CN201610251524 A CN 201610251524A CN 105851501 A CN105851501 A CN 105851501A
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Abstract
A mixed ensilage is prepared by fermenting mixed pasture silage prepared from about 60-80% of orchardgrass and 20-40% of ramie, by weight percentage. With a yellow-green color, the mixed ensilage has an obvious fragrant tart taste and good tastiness; in the ensilage (fresh sample), the content of lactic acid is high, and the maximum pH value is not more than 4.0; the loss ratio of main nutrients in the ensilage is low, and the main nutritional quality is close to that of silage materials. The mixed ensilage has good tastiness, the feed intake corresponding to ruminant, the organic substance digestibility and the effective energy value of the mixed ensilage are all similar to those of the silage materials, and the nutritional quality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ensilage, particularly relate to mixed silage feed containing ramie and orchardgrass and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ensilage is by green forage after chopping, under conditions of airtight anoxia, by the fermentation of anaerobism lactic acid bacteria, forms sour environment, suppresses the breeding of various miscellaneous bacteria, and a kind of roughage obtained.Ensilage smell acid perfume, soft and succulency, good palatability, preservation nutritious, the most long-term, be the excellent food source of the Herbivore domestic animal such as ox, sheep, is also to solve one of main method lacking fresh herbage winter in Livestock Production.Ensilage is made by green forage is carried out anaerobic fermentation, and its production principle is promotion lactic acid bacteria amount reproduction in anaerobic environment, makes solubility sugar be converted into lactic acid and accumulate to finite concentration；After lactobacillus-fermented decomposes carbohydrate, the carbon dioxide of generation gets rid of air further, and the lactic acid of secretion makes feed be faintly acid, can effectively suppress other growth of microorganism, thus effectively suppress spoilage organisms so that the nutriment in ensilage is preserved for a long time.
At present, during major part prepares ensilage, it is difficult to quickly forming the fermentation of lactic acid dominant microflora so that the spoilage organisms activity time is long, the pH of ensilage declines slowly, causes ensilage nutritive loss excessive, even cause ensilage corrupt.In order to allow lactic acid bacteria rapidly become dominant bacteria, accelerating the pH decrease speed of ensilage, thus reduce the nutrient loss of ensilage, improve ensilage quality, people add the additive such as lactic acid bacteria, organic acid in ensilage and achieve good effect.But owing to the additive price such as lactic acid bacteria, organic acid is high, hence it is evident that add the production cost of ensilage, force many farms to abandon using.Therefore, improve the production status of ensilage either for the husbandry sector of wide farmers, or for social materials supply and resources conservation, all have great importance and be worth.
At present, the high quality forage such as Growth of Alfalfa of many domestic implementations can not produce a desired effect, thus excavate herbage variety resource, find meet Forage-Livestock Balance development good quality and high output can ensiling herbage extremely the most urgent.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of high-quality mixed silage feed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low cost, the preparation method of quality silage simple to operate.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical scheme:
A kind of mixed silage feed, it is characterised in that: it be with containing 60～80% the mixing grass silage fermentation of orchardgrass and 20%～40% ramie composition form, by weight percentage.
Inventor finds during long-term experiment, is fermented by above-mentioned mixed silage with ramie by orchardgrass, can form the fast-growth advantage of lactobacillus, and pH declines fast, and the ensilage lactic acid content obtained is high, pH is relatively low, nutritious.
Preferably, above-mentioned mixed silage feed forms, by weight percentage with the mixing grass silage fermentation formed containing 70% orchardgrass and 30% ramie.
It is further preferred that above-mentioned mixing herbage by 60～70% orchardgrass, 20%～30% ramie and 5～10% river in roegneria kamoji form, by weight percentage.
It is highly preferred that above-mentioned mixing herbage by 65% orchardgrass, 27% ramie and 8% river in roegneria kamoji form, by weight percentage.
In river, roegneria kamoji (Roegneria kamoji Keng ' ChuanZhong ') is registered as wild cultivating kind (cultivar registration number 491).This kind is grass family Perennual herbaceous plant.
The preparation method of above-mentioned mixed silage feed, it is characterised in that carry out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Above-mentioned fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content is 60%～75% in harvesting (preferably fine day gather in), then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm, the fresh herbage of described water content is carried out segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
By above-mentioned percentage by weight, fresh herbage is mixed, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1cm～2cm (preferably 1.5cm) and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, successively sealing, every thickness 15cm～20cm after compacting, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, carries out fermenting at 18 DEG C～22 DEG C, opens pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
In above-mentioned preparation method (3rd) step, every thickness that above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively compacted is preferably 17cm～18cm.
The present invention has a following beneficial effect:
The mixed silage feed that the present invention prepares is yellow green, and acid fragrance is obvious, and pungent, moistening, tight, easily separated, cauline leaf many holdings original state, vein is high-visible；Good palatability, the lactic acid content in ensilage (fresh sample) can reach 41.88g/kg DM, minimum reaches 35.09g/kg DM, and pH value is up to 3.5～3.8, and maximum pH is less than 4.0；Feed Main Nutrients is lost in less than 6%, and its Main Nutrient Quality is close with its ensiling raw material, has good palatability, and feed intake, organic matter digestibility and effective energy value corresponding to ruminant are all similar to ensiling raw material, and nutritional quality is good.
The inventive method is conducive to making lactic acid bacteria fast-growth rapidly become dominant bacteria, the growths such as main ensiling pernicious bacteria such as clostridium are served well suppression, accelerate the pH decrease speed of ensilage, silage fermentation material pH just can be made to be reduced to 4.2 through 14～15 days from starting ensiling day, effectively reduce the nutrient loss of ensilage, improve ensilage quality；The present invention only at 28～35 days, substantially shortens fermentation time 18～22 DEG C of cycles carrying out fermenting while ensure that prepared ensilage high-quality, the most all needs just can complete silage fermentation process through 40-50 days.The inventive method in process of production need not use lactic acid bacteria, have with low cost, the advantage such as convenience and high-efficiency, good economy performance, for improve vast livestock-raising peasant household ensilage present situation, have great practical value and economic implications.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but following description is not to be defined the present invention, any deformation to the present invention and change, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all should belong to appended by the present inventionClaimDefined scope.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in the height of orchardgrass and the fresh herbage of ramie, described orchardgrass and the fresh herbage of ramie respectively all at about 80cm at liftoff 5cm, dry in the air about 8h～12h, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 65%～70%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
Mix by the percentage by weight of the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 70%, the fresh herbage of ramie 30%, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1.5cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 17cm～18cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 30 days at 18 DEG C～22 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 39.01g/kg DM.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji in orchardgrass, ramie and river respectively at liftoff 5cm, about 8h～12h that dry in the air, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 60%～65%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
By the percentage by weight mixing of the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji 8% in the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 65%, the fresh herbage of ramie 27%, river, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1cm～2cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 15cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 33 days at 18 DEG C～20 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 40.49g/kg DM.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in orchardgrass and the fresh herbage of ramie respectively at liftoff 5cm, about 8h～12h that dry in the air, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 70%～75%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
Mix by the percentage by weight of the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 60%, the fresh herbage of ramie 40%, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1.0cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 20cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 35 days at 20～22 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 35.38g/kg DM.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in orchardgrass and the fresh herbage of ramie respectively at liftoff 5cm, about 8h～12h that dry in the air, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 65%～73%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
Mix by the percentage by weight of the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 80%, the fresh herbage of ramie 20%, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1.5cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 18cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 32 days at 18 DEG C～20 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 40.44g/kg DM.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji in orchardgrass, ramie and river respectively at liftoff 5cm, about 8h～12h that dry in the air, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 68%～73%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
By the percentage by weight mixing of the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji 10% in the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 60%, the fresh herbage of ramie 30%, river, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1cm～2cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 19cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 34 days at 20 DEG C～22 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 39.49g/kg DM.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of a kind of mixed silage feed, is carried out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Fine day gathers in the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji in orchardgrass, ramie and river respectively at liftoff 5cm, about 8h～12h that dry in the air, this fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content be 65%～70%, then by the length of every section of 3cm～5cm by its segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
By the percentage by weight mixing of the fresh herbage of roegneria kamoji 5% in the fresh herbage of orchardgrass 70%, the fresh herbage of ramie 25%, river, use kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length and be 1cm～2cm and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, seal after being successively compacted with tractor, silage silo surrounding, corner isobaric less than place, use and manually track tramping, every thickness 16cm, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding grave is tight, prevent gas leakage of leaking, carry out fermenting about 31 days at 20 DEG C～22 DEG C, open pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage, record its lactic acid content and reach 41.88g/kg DM.
Embodiment 7 pH detects test
1.1 test material
The mixed silage feed 200g that Example 1-6 prepares respectively；
Precision acidity meter, big funnel, filter paper, gauze, beaker, glass bar etc..
1.2 test method
Each ensilage is put in beaker, adds 1000mL distilled water, be stirred continuously with glass bar, water and ensilage is made to mix, after placing 15～20min, by soaking object through Filter paper filtering, draw the leachate 2mL filtered, by the pH value of precision acidity meter detection leachate.
1.3 result of the test
After testing, the ensilage pH testing result that embodiment 1-6 prepares is pH=3.5～3.8.
Embodiment 8 nutritive loss is tested
1.1 test material
The mixed silage feed that Example 1-6 prepares respectively, 200g；
1.2 test method
At test in laboratory, use GB/T 6432 Kjeldahl nitrogen determination gross protein value；Use GB/T6433 determination of crude oil by Soxhlet extraction；GB/T 6435 high temperature drying techniques is used to measure dry matter content；Bomb calorimeter is used to measure energy；Van Soest method is used to measure neutral detergent fiber content.
1.3 result of the test
Detection finds, the Main Nutrients (thick protein, crude fat, dry, energy, neutral detergent fiber) of embodiment 1,2,3,4,5,6 gained ensilage is lost in less than 6%.
Embodiment 9 ensilage of the present invention sensory evaluation scores and nutritional labeling evaluation result
Table 1Sensory evaluation scoresTable
Ensilage embodiment 1-6 prepared, pressesUpper table 1Sensory evaluation scores standard mark, result is as follows:
| Sense of smell is marked | Structure is marked | Color and luster is marked | Total score | |
| Embodiment 1 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 16 |
| Embodiment 2 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 18 |
| Embodiment 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 14 |
| Embodiment 4 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 13 |
| Embodiment 5 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 14 |
| Embodiment 6 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 16 |
Visible, ensilage organoleptic quality of the present invention is good, nutritional labeling is high.
Claims (6)
1. a mixed silage feed, it is characterised in that: it is to form, by weight percentage with the mixing grass silage fermentation containing about 60 ~ 80% orchardgrass and 20% ~ 40% ramie composition.
2. mixed silage feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described mixed silage feed forms, by weight percentage with the mixing grass silage fermentation formed containing 70% orchardgrass and 30% ramie.
3. mixed silage feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described mixing herbage by 60 ~ 70% orchardgrass, 20% ~ 30% ramie and 5 ~ 10% river in roegneria kamoji form, by weight percentage.
4. mixed silage feed as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described mixing herbage by 65% orchardgrass, 27% ramie and 8% river in roegneria kamoji form, by weight percentage.
5. the preparation method of mixed silage feed as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 4, it is characterised in that carry out as follows:
(1) fresh herbage is gathered in, segment:
Above-mentioned fresh herbage is dried in the air to water content is 60% ~ 75% in harvesting (preferably fine day gather in), then by the length of every section of 3cm ~ 5cm, the fresh herbage of described water content is carried out segment；
(2) mixing is rubbed:
Being mixed by fresh herbage by above-mentioned percentage by weight, using kneading machine to rub described fresh herbage to every segment length is that 1 cm ~ 2cm(is preferably 1.5 cm) and mix；
(3) above-mentioned mixing herbage is successively packed in silage silo, successively sealing, every thickness 15cm ~ 20cm after compacting, after silage silo is filled, with covered rearing with plastic film, compressing with weight above, silage silo surrounding is tight with grave, carries out fermenting at 18 ~ 22 DEG C, opens pond feeding and i.e. obtain ensilage.
6. the preparation method of mixed silage feed as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that: in described preparation method (3rd) step, every thickness that described mixing herbage is successively compacted is 17cm ~ 18cm.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN106819409A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-06-13 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
| CN107912604A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of silage composition and preparation method |
| CN107912606A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of hay silage feed containing agricultural crop straw and preparation method thereof |
| CN108056223A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-22 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of herbage and the feed of stalk mixed silage |
| CN112006157A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Processing method of ramie and elephant grass mixed silage |
| CN114027403A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Method for improving silage lactic acid and mixed silage process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107912606A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of hay silage feed containing agricultural crop straw and preparation method thereof |
| CN108056223A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-22 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of herbage and the feed of stalk mixed silage |
| CN112006157A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 | Processing method of ramie and elephant grass mixed silage |
| CN114027403A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Method for improving silage lactic acid and mixed silage process |
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