CN105995042B - Ramie ensilage modulator approach - Google Patents
Ramie ensilage modulator approach Download PDFInfo
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- CN105995042B CN105995042B CN201610471920.0A CN201610471920A CN105995042B CN 105995042 B CN105995042 B CN 105995042B CN 201610471920 A CN201610471920 A CN 201610471920A CN 105995042 B CN105995042 B CN 105995042B
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Abstract
The present invention designs a kind of ramie ensilage modulator approach, and step includes that fermentation liquid prepares and ensilage modulation.This method utilizes suitable cultural method, the compound lactobacillus flora of more conducively ramie by-product ensiling is turned out in short time, and the crop materials mixture such as wheat straw, rice straw, corn stalk by most easily obtaining with ramie main producing region is into nutrition is comprehensive, ensilage abundant, realize that the fresh plant height of ramie imitates ensiling, it is significant to shorten the ensiling time, reduce nutritive loss, improve feed quality, it is suitable for ramie ensilage whole year production and utilization.The ramie ensilage of this method modulation under conditions of not reducing beef cattle production performance, can reduce by 25% concentrated feed dosage, and can be effectively improved beef quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention of a kind of ramie young stem and leaf coating ensilage and its processing method is related to plant-eating animal high-quality feed raw material
Technical field.
Background technique
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is the perennial root herbaceous plant of Urticaceae Section of Genus Boehmeria, is excellent
Bast fiber crop, young stem and leaf are good protein feed crops.The nutritive value of ramie young stem and leaf and " gold herbage "-
Clover is close, is good herbage raw material.It is very big that the biological characteristics of ramie have ramie as protein feed exploitation
Advantage.Ramie annidation is strong, and biological yield is big, can also grow well under the weather conditions of high temperature and humidity.At me
State south is not suitable for Planting Medicago sativa due to summer high temperature high humidity, but plantation ramie can obtain very high biological yield.Chinese agriculture
Ramie young stem and leaf hay varieties " Zhongsizhu No.1 " growth that crudefiber crop research institute, the industry academy of sciences selects is vigorous, sends out the root and stem of certain plants and Regenerated energy
Power is strong, and early growth is fast, is suitable for several times a year gathering in, year biological yield it is high.The kind blade is more, and stalk is thin, and leaf-stem ratio is big, makees
More reasonable for the yield component of feed, kind nutritive value is high." gold herbage " --- clover (is shown in Table 1) with northern
It compares, the tender plant siccative of " Zhongsizhu No.1 " children of plant height 65cm harvesting: in terms of nutritional quality, crude protein, crude fat, calcium contain
The indexs such as amount are higher, and coarse-fibred content is lower, and nutritive value is more excellent；In terms of yield, " Zhongsizhu No.1 " year dry
Matter yield is higher than 1.2 tons/mu, is significantly higher than clover；In terms of Production Zones Suitable, the characteristic of high temperature and humidity is not suitable with not with clover
Together, ramie happiness warms, is wet, and the damp and hot weather in south is very suitable to Ramie Growth.Therefore ramie feed is that south China is high-quality
The desirable feedstock of herbage and protein feed.
1 Zhongsizhu No.1 of table is compared with clover conventional ingredient
Ramie make feed feeding beef cattle and milk cow studies have shown that feeding siccative 3-4 kg/day, can substitute 50% a left side
Right fine fodder.In milk cow test, 50% or so fine fodder is substituted with ramie siccative, and does not have shadow to the output of milk and Milk quality
It rings.
The Livestocks such as beef cattle, milk cow, mutton sheep be Modern Animal Husbandry development emphasis, these animals based on grass, not with
People strives grain, is " grain-saving type " industry.And the herbage that south China is planted extensively is based on gramineous crop, good quality and high output adaptability
Strong herbage is seldom, is extremely lacked with high-quality protein herbage especially, is unfavorable for the high-speed and high-efficiency development of south " grain-saving type " animal husbandry.
" Zhongsizhu No.1 " compensates for the deficiency of south China scarcity high yield, high-quality protein herbage as southern characteristic forage crop.It pushes away
Extensive farming plants feeding ramie, is beneficial to south and develops " grain-saving type " animal husbandry, and livestock products yield and quality can be improved.
Ramie makees the maximum advantage of feed and is to reach cost-saving synergistic using its high protein, the characteristic of high yield, promote
The purpose of agricultural industry institutional adjustment.The ramie grass meal content of Hemp Inst., China Academy of Agricultural Sciences's research and development is up to 30% or more
Complete compound granular feed is applied in meat goose, beef cattle breeding respectively, and significantly reduces feed grain dosage, and thinks benefit
Making good use of ramie production Plant protein feed raw material is the basic of its industry development.
Forage crop is harvested, stored and fed in a manner of ensiling, is due to rain heat is with season weather in south
A kind of measure for generally extending herbage supply cycle, improving pasture utilization efficiency.Although ramie tender stem leaf feed protein content is high,
But since its crude fibre, crude ash content are high, energy is lower.Ramie tender stem leaf feed is identical as clover, due to its nutritional ingredient
High protein, high-moisture, low soluble-carbohydrate characteristic, high protein content improves its pH resiliency, in ensilage
Middle pH decrease speed is just slow, and it is relatively low to can lead to acidity, the fermentation of Yi Yinqi butyric acid.Soluble-carbohydrate (WSC) is too low, unfavorable
In sufficient lactic fermentation, pH value reduces theory calls.
Currently, ramie ensilage is modulated, mainly by passing through the by-product after ramie complete stool, cauline leaf or decorticating raw ramie
After sunning, and the higher crop material of other water-soluble carbohydrate contents, such as corn stalk, rice straw, according to a certain percentage
Mixing, is attached to the lactobacillus-fermented on plant residue using nature and is made.Due in ramie raw materials in ramie ensilage
The effect of plant rennet and microbial protease makes it not so that a large amount of true albumen in ramie are broken down into nonprotein nitrogen
Only it is not easy ensiling and energy is lower, and nonprotein nitrogen acts on final synthesis urinary nitrogen through rumen-undegradable and body is discharged
Outside, the serious waste of nitrogen is caused.
In addition, ramie is after sunning, chlorophyll, vitamin, chlorogenic acid, Flavonoid substances etc. are in strong light, high temperature
It is seriously destroyed under effect, the due effect for further increasing animal immunizing power and animal product quality is also by serious
It influences.Therefore, the fresh strain of ramie how is efficiently used, its silage effect is improved, significantly reducing albumen nitrogen loss is to improve ramie blueness
Store the important measures of food utilization efficiency.But have not yet to see relevant report.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is prepared by the method cultivation fattening period summer south ox 0-150d average daily gain dynamic changes.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ramie ensilage modulator approach, this method can using the fresh strain of ramie and its
His crop material modulates ensilage, and reaches fresh strain improvement silage effect, improve ensilage nutritive value, reduce ensiling
The purpose for expecting proteinic nitrogen palliating degradation degree, improving ensilage Effective degradability, reducing processing cost.
Ramie ensilage modulator approach technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
1. prepared by fermentation liquid: being 0.30-0.50 portions of sucrose, 0.20-0.30 parts of cornstarch, 0.30-0.50 by parts by weight
Part soy meal, 0.05-0.10 parts of urea, 0.02-0.025 parts of cellulases, 0.015-0.025 parts of pectases, 0.01-0.02 parts
Zytase and 0.05-0.08 portions of salt are dissolved in 15-20 parts of room temperature clear water；By 1-1.5 parts of parts by weight of fresh ramie
Tender tip is sheared to 0.5-1cm fragment (piece), is wrapped up in envelope with nylon net bag or Coarse Mesh Gauze, is immersed in above-mentioned solution, and with formic acid or food
PH to 4.2-4.5 is adjusted with white rice vinegar.It is placed in room temperature (20-30 DEG C), 12-16h at shading.
2. ensilage modulate: by after 45-50 parts of decorticating raw ramies of parts by weight ramie by-product or feeding ramie complete stool, no
By sunning, big beanstalk or clover, half wind of 8-12 part are air-dried with 30-35 parts of air-dried rice straws of parts by weight or wheat straw, 8-12 part rapidly
Dry corn or sweet sorghum stalk crush or are sheared with kneading machine extremely≤4cm fragment, be uniformly mixed.With above-mentioned fermentation liquid according to
The amount of weight ratio 1:400-500 is uniformly sprayed on ensilage, and is wrapped up in packet ensiling with plastic tensile film and sealed 25-30d up for safekeeping.
The present invention mixes suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrition using sucrose, cornstarch, soy meal, urea, formic acid and salt
The culture solution of ingredient has filtered out one and has been suitable for cultivating the matrix formulations for promoting the composite flora of ramie fermentation, while salt pair
The preparation of fermentation liquid and feed intake ramie ensilage, which have, to be promoted.It is inoculated with fresh ramie tender tip, and utilization cellulase,
A part of ramie colloid and fiber are decomposed in the effect of pectase, zytase, richer providing for composite flora culture
It while nutriment, can also reinforce the degradation of Ramie Stalk bast fiber when ensiling, further increase ramie ensilage product
Matter.Compound lactobacillus flora after culture simultaneously, microbial biomass is big, acts on that fast, effect is strong, lactic acid bacteria in ensilage
Breeding rapidly, can dramatically speed up pH value fall off rate, inhibit the breeding of other harmful microbes and protease and microprotein
The activity of the substances such as enzyme reduces the degradation of proteinic nitrogen.
Silaging method provided by the invention be using the fresh cauline leaf of ramie, cooperation rice straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, clover, corn stalk or
Sugar grass etc. modulates the blueness that nutrition more comprehensively, more effectively saves fresh ramie nutritive peculiarity according to suitable component proportion
Store feed.Several raw materials used are generally the ramie harvest season and ramie main producing region is easiest to the goods and materials obtained.As air-dried
Half-dried corn stalk etc. after rice straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, the nonlocal alfalfa hay allocated and transported and harvest seed.Required raw material is general
Processing enterprise, ramie planting enterprise additional sunning place and cost are not needed, ensilage processing enterprise can be significantly reduced
Production cost.The water content of ensilage can be controlled in 45%-65%, be current blueness by weight ratio ingredient adopted by the present invention
Storage technique optimum moisture content is horizontal, and silage effect is good.
Ramie bast fiber intensity is larger, and the colloid viscosity contained by bast is strong, ramie occurs so as to cause in mixing
Fiber crops material unite, be difficult to the problem of scattering, in turn result in mix with other stalks and fermentation liquid unevenly, ferment effect it is poor.This hair
The bright ensilage powder particle diameter taken is≤4cm, preferably 1.5-2cm.This is not only effectively controlled on crushing cost,
And be conducive to the stirring of ensilage, stir and the dispersion of ramie material, improve silage effect.
Ramie ensilage in the prior art, which generally passes through 40-50d, could complete fermentation process.The present invention can be in 30d
Interior completion, most short only to need 25d, fermentation time significantly shortens, nutrient loss caused by can not only effectively reducing because of ammonification volatilization etc.,
And processing enterprise's ensilage output can be accelerated, it improves benefit.
Ramie tender stem leaf feed and other raw materials by rubbing will be tied up by baler bundling and become density as 480-
550kg/m3Bale, the dedicated stretched film of packet layer 2-4 ensiling is finally wrapped up in by coating machine.The ensilage that the present invention modulates saves year
Limit was suitable for ramie ensilage whole year production and utilization up to 2 years or more.
The ramie ensilage that the present invention modulates is full of nutrition and balanced, there is aroma tart flavour, color green.Feeding at
When year plant-eating animal, 30% or more fine fodder can be directly substituted with dry matter ratio.Substituting maximum ratio will be according to different grass
Animal and age are eaten to determine.When ensiling ramie young stem and leaf material just feeds domestic animal, dosage be should not be too large, and should gradually increase the amount of feeding.It is green
Bin stock contains a large amount of lactic acid and other organic acids, has a laxative effective, it may be noted that especially female and young animal when feeding.
Specific embodiment
The raw materials such as ramie, urea, cellulase that the present invention is previously mentioned are that conventional production obtains, can buy in market.
As described below is only preferable case study on implementation of the invention, to the present invention and is not constituted a limitation.
Embodiment 1
It is Tianjin You Naite mechanical technique that the implementation case, which carries out the equipment that ramie young stem and leaf ensiling bundling coating is selected,
The small-sized ensilage equipment of the herbage of Co., Ltd, cutting machine be general stalk cutting machine, it is necessary to meet cutting force degree≤
4cm.Test site is in Changsha, Hunan Wangcheng area, ramie garden, country's germplasm Changsha.Utilize the by-product after the numb decorticating of ramie head
Modulate ensilage.
1. prepared by fermentation liquid: weighing 400g sucrose, 200g cornstarch, 300g soy meal, 55g urea, 25g cellulose
Enzyme, 20g pectase, 15g parts of zytases and 60g portions of salt are dissolved in the tap water at normal temperature of 15kg, are stirred evenly.In harvest ramie
The previous day at dusk, in ramie garden, extract the young stem and leaf 1.5kg of ramie taper 30cm, it is broken to 0.5-1cm with scissor cut
Block (piece) wraps up in envelope with 40 mesh nylon net bags, fragment is kept to be in loose condition (of surface) in Nylon Bag.It is broken that the ramie tender tip sealed will be wrapped up in
Piece immerses in above-mentioned solution, and adjusts pH to 4.5 with edible white rice vinegar, and agitation 1-2min impregnates it sufficiently.Interior is placed in,
And with black cotton shading, stand.
2. ensilage is modulated: on the day of harvest ramie, fermentation liquid stores the requirement of 12h to reach, sufficiently after agitation uniformly
Ramie in reject mesh bag, and fermentation liquid is poured into sprayer.Ramie by-product after collecting decorticating raw ramie, and will purchase
Air-dried rice straw, alfalfa hay and the half air-dried corn stalk obtained be crushed to stalk cutting machine≤ensilage of 4cm, claim respectively
50kg ramie by-product, 30kg rice straw, 10kg alfalfa hay and 10kg corn stalk are taken, side mixes change sprayer for 250g ensiling
Liquid is uniformly sprayed on ensilage.After mixing well, is tied, be used in combination with the feed that small-sized ensilage equipment breaks into 100kg or so
Plastic tensile film wraps up in packet.Store 25d.
Through detecting, the ramie ensilage modulated using this method, compared with spraying the processing that clear water is control, non-protein
Nitrogen content significantly reduces, and illustrates that this method effectively inhibits the degradation of proteinic nitrogen.25% concentrated feed is substituted using the ensilage
It cultivates Xia Nanniu (starting weight 250kg).Concentrated feed receives beef cattle special feed using Puri.It is cultivated by Fig. 1 ramie ensilage
Fattening Xia Nanniu average daily gain dynamic is as it can be seen that the stress reaction transported for long-distance by beef cattle of feeding initial stage and ramie ensilage
Agreeable to the taste exercise, body weight increase are smaller.But by after replacing 30% concentrated feed using this ensilage, stress averagely increase day by day after the phase
It weighs to 1.10kg or more, and body weight increase rate stabilization.
As shown in Table 2, the ensilage modulated using the present invention can be effectively improved production performance and the ox of fattening Xia Nanniu
Meat.Wherein back-fat thickness, eye muscle area are obviously improved.Intramuscular fat content and neat percentage are respectively compared with conventional cultivation side
Method improves 5.57% and 5.99%.
2 ramie ensilage of table cultivation fattening Xia Nanniu production performance compares
Embodiment 2
The implementation case carries out feeding ramee variety " Zhongsizhu No.1 " complete stool ensiling.It is harvested from plant height and reaches 60-
80cm.Used rice straw weight is increased to 35 parts.Other technologies scheme is the same as embodiment 1.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ramie ensilage modulator approach, step include:
A. fermentation liquid prepare: by parts by weight be 0.30-0.50 portion sucrose, 0.20-0.30 parts of cornstarch, 0.30-0.50 parts greatly
Bean powder, 0.05-0.10 part urea, 0.02-0.025 parts of cellulases, 0.015-0.025 parts of pectases, 0.01-0.02 parts of wood are poly-
Carbohydrase and 0.05-0.08 portions of salt are dissolved in 15-20 parts of room temperature clear water；By 1-1.5 parts of parts by weight of fresh ramie tender tip
Shearing is wrapped up in envelope with nylon net bag or Coarse Mesh Gauze, is immersed in above-mentioned solution to 0.5-1cm fragment, and with formic acid or edible white rice vinegar
Adjust pH to 4.2-4.5；It is placed in room temperature, 12-16h at shading；
B. ensilage modulate: by after 45-50 parts of decorticating raw ramies of parts by weight ramie by-product or feeding ramie complete stool, rapidly with
30-35 parts of air-dried rice straws of parts by weight or wheat straw, 8-12 part air-dry big beanstalk or clover, 8-12 parts of half air-dried corn stalks or sweet tea is high
Fine strain of millet crushes or shears extremely≤4cm fragment, is uniformly mixed；It is uniformly sprayed with above-mentioned fermentation liquid according to the amount of weight ratio 1:400-500
It is sprinkled upon on ensilage, and wraps up in packet ensiling with plastic tensile film and seal 25-30d up for safekeeping；Wherein, the ramie by-product or feeding ramie
Complete stool is just to have harvested, the raw material without sunning or drying and processing.
2. ramie ensilage modulator approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fresh ramie tender tip is ramie
Young stem and leaf in numb top 30cm.
3. ramie ensilage modulator approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described half air-dries corn stalk as seed
With after harvest corn seed corn stalk or silage corn by the short time dry, the plant of moisture content≤70%.
4. ramie ensilage modulator approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ensilage modulation step
In fragment diameter be 1.5-2cm.
5. ramie ensilage modulator approach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fermentation liquid is placed in 20-30
DEG C, 12-16h at shading.
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| CN106721132A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle |
| CN106974163A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-25 | 河南三剑客农业股份有限公司 | A kind of ensilage fermentation mould inhibitor |
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| CN107242349A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 兰州大学 | A kind of full mixed fermentation feed formula of sugar grass base and its shaping dry-making method of dried |
| CN107259136A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-10-20 | 河北省农林科学院谷子研究所 | The raw material components and its Silaging method and milk cow forage of silage corn in alternative milk cow forage |
| CN107912604A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of silage composition and preparation method |
| CN108041291A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 湖南德人牧业科技有限公司 | A kind of newborn cattle feed for improving quality of raw milk and preparation method thereof |
| CN108850544A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of plantation of safe utilization is in the method for the fibre ramie by-product of cadmium pollution soil |
| CN109601478A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西大学 | A kind of stereo circulating production method of selenium-rich raw beef |
| CN109907166B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-12-10 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Feed composition capable of reducing emission of methane and ammonia gas in intestinal tracts of ruminants, preparation method and feeding method thereof |
| CN111903851A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-10 | 贵州阳光草业科技有限责任公司 | Mixed silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112754046A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-05-07 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Semi-dry pennisetum alopecuroides silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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| CN102960545A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Ensiling feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104068293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 甘肃民祥牧草有限公司 | Alfalfa bundling and wrapping ensiling method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102960545A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Ensiling feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104068293A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 甘肃民祥牧草有限公司 | Alfalfa bundling and wrapping ensiling method |
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