CN111903851A - Mixed silage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mixed silage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903851A CN111903851A CN202010658583.2A CN202010658583A CN111903851A CN 111903851 A CN111903851 A CN 111903851A CN 202010658583 A CN202010658583 A CN 202010658583A CN 111903851 A CN111903851 A CN 111903851A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and discloses a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mixed silage comprises a feed mixture, a feed additive and a silage bacterial agent; the feed mixture comprises coix straws, sugarcane tips, sweet elephant grass, bran, smooth-leaf sweet potatoes and ramie for feeding; the feed additive comprises amino acid, bile acid and salt according to mass fraction; the silage bacterial agent is lactobacillus fermentation liquor. According to the invention, the smooth leaf vetch and the ramie for feed are added, so that the nutrition balance of the mixed silage can be realized, and the silage raw material combination in the invention can make full use of abundant cheap forage grass resources to prepare excellent silage; the lactobacillus fermentation liquor is used for fermentation, so that the full fermentation of the feed can be realized, and the palatability of the feed is better; the feed is convenient to obtain materials and reasonable in proportion, can provide complete nutrition for livestock such as cattle and sheep and meets the growth requirements of the livestock; the preparation method of the feed is simple, and the nutrient components of the feed can be maintained to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present: the traditional Chinese medicine industry is one of the traditional Chinese industries, and the matched traditional Chinese medicine processing industry is also developed vigorously. When the traditional Chinese medicine industry is rapidly developed, a large amount of Chinese herbal medicine dregs are generated every year, and the wastes pollute the environment and cause a large amount of resource waste. The natural putrefaction and decomposition can seriously pollute water quality, soil and the like, and cause serious environmental pollution. The Chinese herbal medicine dregs contain a large amount of nutrient substances such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, cellulose, lignin, mineral substances, amino acid and the like, and also contain traditional Chinese medicine active substances such as alkaloid, polysaccharide, saponins, terpenoids and the like and some unknown growth promoting substances, so that the Chinese herbal medicine dregs have higher nutritional and medicinal values, and have the characteristics of antibiosis, growth promotion, immunity improvement, no medicine residue and the like. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are mainly used as plant cultivation substrates, edible fungus cultivation substrates and chemical products, but at present, no scheme for using the traditional Chinese medicine dregs for preparing feed is available; and the existing silage has poor palatability and low feed digestion and utilization rate.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: at present, a scheme for using traditional Chinese medicine dregs for preparing feed is unavailable temporarily; and the existing silage has poor palatability and low feed digestion and utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof.
The mixed silage provided by the invention comprises: feed mixture, feed additive and silage bacterial agent;
the feed mixture comprises 6-8 parts of rice straw, 5-6 parts of corn straw, 3-6 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of sweet elephant grass, 2-3 parts of peanut cake and 1-2 parts of astragalus mongholicus dregs by mass;
the feed additive comprises 2-3 parts of amino acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 1-2 parts of salt according to mass fraction;
the silage bacterial agent is lactobacillus fermentation liquor.
Further, the addition amount of the feed additive is 1.6-2.3% of the mass of the feed mixture; the addition amount of the lactobacillus fermentation liquor is 2-3% of the mass of the feed mixture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a mixed silage, comprising the steps of:
step one, drying rice straws to the water content of 65-70%, and putting the rice straws into a pulverizer to pulverize to obtain wheat straw powder;
step two, drying the corn straws to ensure that the water content of the corn straws is 65-75%, and cutting the corn straws into straw sections with the length of 2-3 cm; putting the straw sections into a crusher for crushing to obtain coarse corn straw particles;
drying the sweet grassiness straws to the water content of 70-75%, and then crushing the sweet grassiness straws into sweet grassiness straw powder;
step four, adding water into astragalus, soaking for 10-12 hours, decocting twice, combining the filtrates to obtain astragalus water, and recovering; spreading the filtered radix astragali residue, drying in the sun, and grinding the dried radix astragali residue in a grinder until the particle diameter is less than 0.8 mm;
step five, crushing the peanut cake to obtain peanut cake particles;
mixing rice straw powder, corn straw coarse particles, sweet grassiness straw powder, astragalus membranaceus dregs, bran and peanut cake particles, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70-75%;
step seven, spraying lactobacillus fermentation liquor on the mixture obtained in the step six, putting the mixture into a blue storage tank, adding amino acid, bile acid and salt, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
Further, in the step one, when the rice straws are dried, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 hours.
Further, in the second step, the corn straws are dried, wherein the drying temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the drying time is 5-6 hours.
Further, in the second step, the grain size of the corn straw coarse grains is less than 1 cm.
Further, in the third step, the drying temperature of the sweet elephant grass straw is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 5-7 hours.
Further, in the fifth step, the preparation method of the peanut cake comprises the following steps:
(1) removing the peanut shell, and keeping the peanut kernel with the peel;
(2) peeling off outer peel of peanut kernel, soaking the peel in clear water, heating at 80-90 deg.C for 10 min, filtering to obtain decoction, standing, and cooling;
(3) grinding the peeled peanut kernels, grinding the large particles in a grinding machine, and sieving with a 18-mesh sieve to obtain peanut powder;
(4) mixing the peanut powder and the decoction according to the mass ratio of 1:3, adding corn oil, stirring uniformly, and then putting into an oven for baking to obtain the peanut cake.
Further, in the step (4), the adding amount of the corn oil is 2% of the weight of the decoction.
Further, in the step (4), the baking temperature of the oven is 120-.
Further, in the seventh step, the fermentation time is 35-40 days.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, the astragalus residue is added, so that the supplement of crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, cellulose, lignin, mineral substances, amino acid and other substances in the prepared feed can be realized, the recycling of the astragalus residue is realized, and the residue waste is reduced; the lactobacillus fermentation liquor is used for fermentation, so that the full fermentation of the main materials of the feed can be realized, the palatability of the feed is better, and the storage time of the feed can be prolonged. The feed provided by the invention is convenient to obtain materials and reasonable in proportion, can provide comprehensive nutrition for livestock such as cattle, sheep and the like, and meets the growth requirements of the livestock; the preparation method of the feed is simple, and the nutrient components of the feed can be maintained to the maximum extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing mixed silage provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a preparation method of peanut cakes according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the effect of different feeds on the feed intake of livestock provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the nutritional supplementation of livestock with different feeds provided by embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the retention time of different feeds provided by the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the mixed silage provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, drying the rice straws to the water content of 65-70%, and putting the rice straws into a pulverizer to be pulverized to obtain wheat straw powder;
s102, drying the corn straws to enable the water content of the corn straws to be 65-75%, and cutting the corn straws into straw sections with the length of 2-3 cm; putting the straw sections into a crusher for crushing to obtain coarse corn straw particles;
s103, drying the sweet elephant grass straw to the water content of 70-75%, and then crushing the dried sweet elephant grass straw into sweet elephant grass straw powder;
s104, adding water into the astragalus membranaceus, soaking for 10-12 hours, decocting twice, combining filtrates to obtain astragalus membranaceus water, and recovering; spreading the filtered radix astragali residue, drying in the sun, and grinding the dried radix astragali residue in a grinder until the particle diameter is less than 0.8 mm;
s105, crushing the peanut cake to obtain peanut cake particles;
s106, mixing rice straw powder, corn straw coarse particles, sweet grassiness straw powder, astragalus membranaceus dregs, bran and peanut cake particles, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70-75%;
s107, spraying the lactobacillus fermentation liquor in the mixture of S106, putting the mixture into a blue storage tank, adding amino acid, bile acid and salt, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
In step S101, when the wheat straws are dried, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 hours.
In step S102, the corn stalks are dried at 90-100 ℃ for 5-6 hours.
In step S102, the diameter of the coarse corn stalk particles provided by the embodiment of the present invention is less than 1 cm.
In step S103, the drying temperature for drying the sweet grassiness straws is 70-80 ℃, and the drying time is 5-7 hours.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S105, the preparation method of the peanut cake provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, shelling peanuts, removing peanut shells, and keeping peanut kernels with peels;
s202, peeling off outer peels of peanut kernels, soaking the peels in clear water, heating at 80-90 ℃ for 10 minutes, filtering to obtain a decoction, standing and cooling;
s203, grinding the peeled peanut kernels, grinding the large particles after grinding in a grinding machine, and sieving with a 18-mesh sieve to obtain peanut powder;
s204, mixing the peanut powder and the decoction according to the mass ratio of 1:3, adding corn oil, uniformly stirring, and then putting into an oven for baking to obtain the peanut cake.
In step S204, the adding amount of the corn oil is 2% of the weight of the decoction.
In step S204, the baking temperature of the oven provided by the embodiment of the invention is 120-150 ℃, and the baking time is 20-25 minutes.
In step S107, the fermentation time provided by the embodiment of the invention is 35-40 days.
The mixed silage provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: feed mixture, feed additive and silage bacterial agent;
the feed mixture comprises 6-8 parts of wheat straw, 5-6 parts of corn straw, 3-6 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of highland barley, 2-3 parts of peanut cake and 1-2 parts of astragalus mongholicus dregs by mass;
the feed additive comprises 2-3 parts of amino acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 1-2 parts of salt according to mass fraction;
the silage bacterial agent is lactobacillus fermentation liquor.
The addition amount of the feed additive provided by the embodiment of the invention is 1.6-2.3% of the mass of the feed mixture; the addition amount of the lactobacillus fermentation liquor is 2-3% of the mass of the feed mixture.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
drying the rice straws until the water content is 65%, and crushing the rice straws in a crusher to obtain rice straw powder; drying the corn straws to enable the water content of the corn straws to be 65%, and cutting the corn straws into straw sections with the length of 2-3 cm; putting the straw sections into a crusher for crushing to obtain coarse corn straw particles; drying sweet elephant grass straws to the water content of 65%, and putting the sweet elephant grass straws into a crusher for crushing; obtaining the sweet elephant grass straw powder.
Soaking radix astragali in water for 10 hr, decocting twice, mixing filtrates to obtain radix astragali water, and recovering; spreading the filtered radix astragali residue, drying in the sun, and grinding the dried radix astragali residue in a grinder until the particle diameter is less than 0.8 mm;
removing the peanut shell, and keeping the peanut kernel with the peel; peeling off outer peel of peanut kernel, soaking the peel in clear water, heating at 80 deg.C for 10 min, filtering to obtain decoction, standing, and cooling; grinding the peeled peanut kernels, grinding the large particles in a grinding machine, and sieving with a 18-mesh sieve to obtain peanut powder; mixing the peanut powder and the decoction according to the mass ratio of 1:3, adding corn oil, uniformly stirring, and then putting into an oven for baking to obtain a peanut cake; crushing peanut cakes to obtain peanut cake particles;
mixing rice straw powder, corn straw coarse particles, sweet grassiness straw powder, astragalus membranaceus dregs, bran and peanut cake particles, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70%; spraying lactobacillus fermentation liquid in the mixture, placing in a blue-green tank, adding amino acid, bile acid, and salt, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
Example 2:
directly mixing 6-8 parts of rice straw, 5-6 parts of corn straw, 3-6 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of sweet grassiness, 2-3 parts of peanut cake and 1-2 parts of astragalus mongholicus dregs, and mixing to obtain the livestock feed.
Example 3:
mixing the rice straw powder, the corn straw coarse particles, the sweet elephant grass straw powder, the astragalus mongholicus dregs, the bran and the peanut cake particles prepared in the example 1, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70%; spraying Bacillus subtilis solution, placing in a green tank, adding amino acids, bile acid, and salt, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
Example 4:
mixing the rice straw powder, the corn straw coarse particles, the sweet elephant grass straw powder, the astragalus mongholicus dregs, the bran and the peanut cake particles prepared in the example 1, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70%; spraying Bacillus subtilis solution in the mixture, placing in a green tank, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
Example 5:
the prepared feed was analyzed for palatability, nutritional value and shelf life and recorded on days 1, 2, 5 and 10 of the experiment, respectively:
table 1 effect of different feeds on feed intake of livestock (g/feed):
| days of experiment | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Day 1 | 1280 | 317 | 1076 | 1211 |
| Day 2 | 1295 | 325 | 1089 | 1028 |
| Day 5 | 1310 | 320 | 1071 | 1014 |
| Day 10 | 1324 | 322 | 1052 | 1005 |
Table 2 effect of different feeds on livestock nutritional supplementation (g/pig):
| zymocyte | Amino acids | Coarse fiber | |
| Example 1 | Is high and high | Is high and high | Is high and high |
| Example 2 | Is free of | Is free of | There are but a few |
| Example 3 | Is provided with | Is provided with | Is provided with |
| Example 4 | Is provided with | There are but a few | There are but a few |
Table 3 effect of different feed storage times:
the storage time analysis was performed on the feeds of example 1, example 2, example 3, and example 4 to obtain: the edible preservation time of the feed in example 1 is 365 days, the edible preservation time of the feed in example 2 is 50 days, the edible preservation time of the feed in example 3 is 280 days, and the edible preservation time of the feed in example 4 is 260 days. The feed outside the above range is edible, but the taste is remarkably deteriorated, and the nutritional ingredients therein are reduced, not suitable for further use.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A mixed silage, comprising: feed mixture, feed additive and silage bacterial agent;
the feed mixture comprises, by mass, 6-8 parts of coix seed straws, 5-6 parts of sugarcane tips, 3-6 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of smooth leaf potatoes and ramie for feeding;
the feed additive comprises 2-3 parts of amino acid, 1-3 parts of bile acid and 1-2 parts of salt according to mass fraction;
the silage bacterial agent is lactobacillus fermentation liquor.
2. The mixed silage according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is added in an amount of 1.6-2.3% of the mass of the feed mixture; the addition amount of the lactobacillus fermentation liquor is 2-3% of the mass of the feed mixture.
3. A method for preparing the mixed silage of claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the mixed silage comprises the steps of:
step one, drying rice straws to the water content of 65-70%, and putting the rice straws into a pulverizer for pulverization to obtain rice straw powder;
step two, drying the corn straws to ensure that the water content of the corn straws is 65-75%, and cutting the corn straws into straw sections with the length of 2-3 cm; putting the straw sections into a crusher for crushing to obtain coarse corn straw particles;
step three, drying the sweet grassiness to enable the water content to be 65-75%, and putting the sweet grassiness into a crusher to be crushed to obtain sweet grassiness powder;
step four, adding water into astragalus, soaking for 10-12 hours, decocting twice, combining the filtrates to obtain astragalus water, and recovering; spreading the filtered radix astragali residue, drying in the sun, and grinding the dried radix astragali residue in a grinder until the particle diameter is less than 0.8 mm;
step five, crushing the peanut cake to obtain peanut cake particles;
mixing the rice straw powder, the corn straw coarse particles, the highland barley straw powder, the astragalus mongholicus dregs, the bran and the peanut cake particles, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70-75%;
step seven, spraying lactobacillus fermentation liquor on the mixture obtained in the step six, putting the mixture into a blue storage tank, adding amino acid, bile acid and salt, and sealing; and (4) fermenting in a wind-proof and light-proof condition, and obtaining the mixed silage after fermentation is mature.
4. The method for preparing mixed silage as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the first step, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃ and the drying time is 3-5 hours when the wheat straw is dried.
5. The method for preparing the mixed silage as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the second step, the corn stalks are dried at 90-100 ℃ for 5-6 hours.
6. The method for preparing mixed silage according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the coarse grains of corn stalks have a grain size of less than 1 cm.
7. The method for preparing the mixed silage as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the third step, the drying temperature of the highland barley straw is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 5-7 hours.
8. The method for preparing mixed silage as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the fifth step, the peanut cake is prepared by:
(1) removing the peanut shell, and keeping the peanut kernel with the peel;
(2) peeling off outer peel of peanut kernel, soaking the peel in clear water, heating at 80-90 deg.C for 10 min, filtering to obtain decoction, standing, and cooling;
(3) grinding the peeled peanut kernels, grinding the large particles in a grinding machine, and sieving with a 18-mesh sieve to obtain peanut powder;
(4) mixing the peanut powder and the decoction according to the mass ratio of 1:3, adding corn oil, stirring uniformly, and then putting into an oven for baking to obtain the peanut cake.
9. The method for preparing the mixed silage according to claim 8, wherein in the step (4), the corn oil is added in an amount of 2% by mass of the decoction;
in the step (4), the baking temperature of the oven is 120-150 ℃, and the baking time is 20-25 minutes.
10. The method for preparing the mixed silage according to claim 3, wherein in the seventh step, the fermentation time is 35-40 days.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112970951A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-18 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | Health-care feed for cattle and preparation method thereof |
| CN114027403A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-02-11 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Method for improving silage lactic acid and mixed silage process |
| CN114468155A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-13 | 湖南百园嘴农业科技股份有限公司 | Ecological feed for cattle breeding and breeding process |
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| CN105248864A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-20 | 广西武宣金泰丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Mulberry straw silage and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112970951A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-18 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | Health-care feed for cattle and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114468155A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-13 | 湖南百园嘴农业科技股份有限公司 | Ecological feed for cattle breeding and breeding process |
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