CN112868914A - Silage rape feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silage rape feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868914A CN112868914A CN202110156433.6A CN202110156433A CN112868914A CN 112868914 A CN112868914 A CN 112868914A CN 202110156433 A CN202110156433 A CN 202110156433A CN 112868914 A CN112868914 A CN 112868914A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/125—Casei
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/41—Pediococcus
- A23V2400/427—Pentosaceus
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Abstract
The invention provides a silage rape feed, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of mechanically harvesting whole rape plants to obtain fresh rape samples; airing on the spot, when the water content is reduced to 70% or below, bundling and transporting, and cutting by a straw rolling machine; uniformly spraying solid microbial inoculum S, liquid microbial inoculum L and corn flour into the chopped rape, bagging or kiln-bagging, compacting, sealing, ensiling, and opening bags after ensiling. The preparation method can quickly reach the ensiling stabilization period, reduce the nutrient loss, is a special rape ensiling scheme suitable for rape ensiling, effectively preserves the rape, has low nutrient loss, low contents of acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber, effectively increases dry matters, increases crude protein and carbohydrate and increases palatability. The silage rape feed is used for feeding the dairy cows, and the quality of milk can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silage, and particularly relates to silage rape feed, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Ensiling is a storage technique or method for compacting and sealing fresh plant varieties to isolate the stored green feed from outside air, so that oxygen deficiency is caused inside the stored green feed, anaerobic fermentation is caused, organic acid is generated, the fresh plant feed can be stored for a long time, the nutrient loss can be reduced, and the digestion and absorption of animals are facilitated. The byproducts of crops such as corn and peanut vine can be used as silage raw materials. The ensiling preservation technology can well preserve feed raw materials, maintain the nutritional characteristics of the feed raw materials, reduce nutrient loss and improve the palatability of the raw materials.
The forage rape, also called double low rape, belongs to the forage grass of brassica of cruciferae, has fast growth speed, large biological yield, high protein content and high forage value. The rape planting area in China is wide, and the total rapeseed yield reaches 1348.47 ten thousand tons (Chinese statistics publisher, 2019). At present, the feed rape is mainly utilized in two modes, and the rapeseed meal is mostly utilized as the concentrated feed of livestock animals at home and abroad; the second is fresh feeding (bolting period), but the feeding period is limited, and balanced supply cannot be realized. At present, the two utilization modes are that rape is used as protein feed, the silage preservation of the whole rape is not involved, the rape silage is used as feed, reports are not shown, how to effectively improve the utilization rate of the rape and the use effect are unknown.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the silage rape feed, and the preparation method and the application thereof, and the special silage scheme for rape, which can enable the rape to quickly reach the silage stabilization period, effectively preserve the nutritional value of the rape and is suitable for rape silage, is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
a silage rape feed is prepared by mixing and fermenting rape with lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus casei, pediococcus pentosaceus and cellulase.
A preparation method of silage rape feed comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically mowing: mechanically harvesting the whole rape to obtain a fresh rape sample;
s2, airing: cutting, airing, monitoring the change of water content every day, bundling and transporting when the water content is reduced to 70% or below, and cutting by a straw chopper;
s3, adding an additive: uniformly spraying activated solid microbial inoculum S, liquid microbial inoculum L and corn flour to the chopped rape, wherein the solid microbial inoculum S comprises: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus casei and cellulase; the liquid microbial inoculum L comprises: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, pediococcus pentosaceus;
s4, bagging and compacting: bagging, compacting, sealing, ensiling, and opening the bag after ensiling.
According to the preparation method, in step S1, the mowing time of the rape is preferably 5-10 days after the final flowering phase; the length of the mechanical cutting and remaining fork is 20-25 cm.
A large number of experimental researches show that the left fork is too long and wastes, and the mechanical harvesting is influenced by too low distance, so that the left fork is preferably 20-25 cm long.
In the preparation method, in step S2, the length of the chopped rape is preferably 3-5 cm.
In the preparation method described above, preferably, in step S3, the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus, the lactobacillus buchneri, the lactobacillus casei and the cellulase are mixed in a mixing ratio of 3 to 5 parts by weight of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 to 4 parts by weight of lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 to 4 parts by weight of lactobacillus buchneri, 4 to 6 parts by weight of lactobacillus casei and 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of cellulase;
the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the pediococcus pentosaceus are uniformly mixed according to the volume parts of 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus.
In the preparation method, preferably, in step S3, the solid microbial inoculum S is added in an amount of 25g per ton of rape, and the effective viable count of each bacterium is 0.95-1.05 × 1010CFU/g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 4-6 ten thousand U/g; activating every 25g of solid microbial inoculum, adding 200 g of brown sugar and 2L of water, adjusting the water temperature to be 30-37 ℃, and uniformly stirring; the liquid microbial inoculum L is added in an amount of 250mL per ton of rape, and the effective viable count of each bacterium is 1.5-2 multiplied by 109CFU/mL。
In the preparation method, the corn meal is preferably added in an amount of 10 kg/ton rape in step S3.
In the preparation method, preferably, in step S4, the bagging may be replaced by ensiling in an ensiling silo, the raw materials of the microbial inoculum are uniformly sprayed once every 25-30 cm of the filled material is compacted, and the ensiling silo is filled and sealed; the opening time of the ensilage is more than or equal to 30 days.
Use of a silage rape seed feed as described above for feeding a cow.
In the application, the addition amount of the silage rape feed in daily feed is preferably 10-40%.
Further, the silage rape seed feed is preferably added in daily feed in an amount of 15% -35%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the silage rape feed and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention, the preparation method can quickly reach the silage stabilization period, reduce the nutrition loss, and is a special silage scheme for rape suitable for rape silage. The prepared silage rape feed is used for raising dairy cows and can effectively improve the quality of milk.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the local temperature change during the mowing and airing period of the rape;
FIG. 2 is the water content of the rape during the mowing and airing period of the rape;
FIG. 3 is the pH variation law of various groups during different periods of ensiling;
FIG. 4 is a water content variation rule of each group in different periods of silage;
FIG. 5 is a photograph after 30 days of ensiling;
FIG. 6 is a photograph after 60 days of ensiling;
fig. 7 is a photograph after 90 days of ensiling.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention but should not be construed as limiting it. Modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The experimental material is rape No. 62 with Hua-YOU impurity, and is mown at the later stage of flowering period. The ensiling mode is ensiling bag (70cm x 130 cm).
Adopting complete random design, two kinds of ensiling agents are added: solid microbial inoculum S: lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.557), Lactobacillus acidophilus (CGMCC1.12735), Lactobacillus buchneri (CGMCC1.3108) and Lactobacillus casei (CGMCC 1.3206), the effective viable bacteria of each bacterium is 1 × 1010CFU/g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 5 ten thousand U/g; liquid microbial inoculum L: lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.557), Lactobacillus acidophilus (CGMCC1.12735) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961), wherein the effective viable bacteria of each strain is 1.5-2 multiplied by 109CFU/mL; a total of 7 ensiling protocols were designed, including: (1) untreated canola (control D); (2) adding a microbial inoculum S; (3) adding a microbial inoculum L; (4) additive for foodInoculants S and L (SL); (5) adding microbial inoculum S, L and brown Sugar (SLB); (6) adding microbial inoculum S, L and corn flour (SLC); (7) adding corn flour (C).
Setting sampling time: ensiling for 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days; 6 replicates of each treatment were taken, and 30kg of each replicate was sampled.
3 preparation of silage rape
3.1 harvesting and chopping
Cutting and airing, collecting fresh rape samples every day, drying for 48 hours at 65 ℃, monitoring and determining that the moisture content of the aired rape is reduced to below 70%, and chopping the rape by using a grass roller to ensure that the cut length is 3-5 cm.
3.2 handling and bagging
According to the proportion of adding 10kg of corn flour, 25g of solid microbial inoculum S, 250ml of liquid microbial inoculum L, 4kg of brown sugar and 2L of water into each ton of rape, treating the components as shown in the table 1, uniformly spraying, compacting and sealing.
TABLE 1 rape silage test design Table
Note: after the treatment groups are mixed evenly, 30kg of rape are ensiled in each bag of silage bags, and each group is repeated for 6.
Wherein the solid microbial inoculum S comprises 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 5 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1 part of cellulase by weight; the liquid microbial inoculum L comprises, by volume, 4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus.
The solid microbial inoculum S needs to be activated firstly, 200 g of brown sugar and 2L of water are added into every 25g of solid silage agent, the water temperature is regulated to be 30-37 ℃, and the mixture is stirred uniformly; then uniformly spraying the chopped rape.
Test determination index and method
4.1 cutting and airing moisture change rule of whole rape
Cutting the whole rape in the final flowering period, wherein the wind power is less than 3 grades during the airing period, the air temperature fluctuates between 10 and 30 ℃, and the local temperature change is shown in figure 1. The moisture content of the rape is shown in figure 2, the rape is aired for 1-4 days, the moisture content is reduced by 4% on average every day, the rape is rained for 4 months and 12 days, the moisture content is basically unchanged, and the moisture content is reduced to about 70% after continuous airing for 3 days.
4.2 sensory evaluation method of silage rape
The silage sense evaluation is that after silage is stored for a period of time, a cellar is opened or a silage bag is opened to carry out quality evaluation on the spot, and indexes such as color, smell, texture and the like of the silage are observed and rated through sense systems such as vision, smell, touch and the like of people. The evaluation criteria used in the german agriculture association silage sensory evaluation criteria are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 sensory evaluation criteria for silage from German agricultural Association
4.3 evaluation method of fermentation quality and chemical composition of silage rape
Taking 10g of each processed silage rape sample, adding 90ml of deionized water, sealing, placing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for leaching for 30min, filtering the processed leaching solution by 4 layers of 400-mesh nylon filter cloth, and measuring the pH value of the silage leaching solution by a pH meter; measuring the content of water-soluble carbohydrate by an anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method; and uniformly mixing the rest silage samples, placing the silage samples in a 65 ℃ forced air drying oven to be dried to constant weight, measuring the dry matter content of the silage samples, crushing the dried silage samples by a miniature plant sample crusher, and sieving the crushed silage samples through a 40-mesh sieve for measuring the content of crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber.
4.4 sensory evaluation results
Samples are respectively sampled on 30 th, 45 th, 60 th, 75 th and 90 th days of silage and are subjected to sensory evaluation analysis, all treatment groups are at the first-grade superior level, the score is 17.7-19.4, the highest score is an SLC group, namely the silage rape treatment group added with the solid microbial inoculum, the liquid microbial inoculum and the corn flour, and the result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 rape silage comprehensive sensory scores at different silage times
2 influence of the ensiling scheme on the pH value and moisture of the rape in different ensiling periods
Starting from 30 days of ensiling, the pH value of each group is in an ascending trend and is maintained between 3.9 and 4.2, wherein the ascending trends of the SLB group and the SLC group are more gradual, and the fluctuation is smaller; when the pH values of the groups are comprehensively compared, the difference between the SLB and SLC groups and the control group (D) and the S, L, SL and C treatment groups is significant (p <0.05) (figure 3), a-g: respectively representing the change situation of the pH value of each group of the silage rape, comprising a control group (a) and each treatment group, such as a solid microbial inoculum (b), a liquid microbial inoculum (c), a solid + liquid (d), a solid + liquid + sugar (e), a solid + liquid + corn flour (f) and corn flour (g); comparing the pH value changes of each group with each other; i: comparing the pH mean values of the control group and each treatment group after ensiling for 30-90 days; d represents a control group, S represents a solid microbial inoculum group, L represents a liquid microbial inoculum group, SL represents a solid + liquid group, SLB represents a solid + liquid + sugar group, SLC represents a solid + liquid + corn flour group, and C represents a corn flour group; x, y, z represent at different significance levels, with the same inter-letter differences not significant and the different inter-letter differences significant (p <0.05), respectively.
Detecting the change rule of the water content of each treatment group in different ensiling periods, wherein the result shows that the water content of the control group and each treatment group is basically maintained between 65 percent and 70 percent from 30 days of ensiling, and the water fluctuation of the SLB group and the SLC group is minimum; comparing the average moisture among different silage groups, the result shows that the moisture content of the SLC group and the C group is obviously lower than that of other groups (p is less than 0.05), which indicates that the corn flour has better water absorption effect; the water content difference of other groups except the SLC and the C is not obvious (p is more than 0.05), the results are shown in figure 4, a-g in the figure respectively represent the water content change condition of various groups of the silage rape, and the control group (a) and various treatment groups comprise a solid microbial inoculum (b), a liquid microbial inoculum (C), a solid + liquid (d), a solid + liquid + sugar (e), a solid + liquid + corn flour (f) and corn flour (g); comparing the moisture content changes of each group with each other; i: comparing the average water content of the control group with that of each treatment group after ensiling for 30-90 days; d represents a control group, S represents a solid microbial inoculum group, L represents a liquid microbial inoculum group, SL represents a solid + liquid group, SLB represents a solid + liquid + sugar group, SLC represents a solid + liquid + corn flour group, and C represents a corn flour group; comparing the moisture content of the ensilage of each group; x, y indicate at different significance levels, no significant difference between the same alphabets (p >0.05), significant difference between different alphabets (p < 0.05).
3 Effect of ensiling protocol on chemical composition of oilseed rape at different stages of ensiling
The influence of different ensiling modes on chemical components of the rape in different ensiling periods is analyzed, and the result shows that the pH value of the SLB group and the SLC group is better in performance and is obviously different from that of other groups (p is less than 0.05); the dry matter content of the SLC group and group C was significantly higher than that of each of the other treated groups and the control group (p < 0.05); the difference between each group of crude protein content is small, and SL group treatment is optimal; the water-soluble carbohydrates were not significantly different between groups; the SLC group had lower neutral detergent fiber and lower acid detergent fiber relative to the other groups, and the results are shown in table 4.
By integrating the chemical composition indexes, the SLC treatment group effectively preserves the rape, has low nutrition loss and low contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, so that the SLC treatment group, namely the solid + liquid + corn flour group is the optimal rape silage scheme. The photographs of 30 days after ensiling according to the SLC treated group are shown in FIG. 5, 60 days after ensiling are shown in FIG. 6, and 90 days after ensiling are shown in FIG. 7, which shows that when the solid + liquid + corn meal method is used for ensiling the rape to obtain the same ensiling effect, and no putrefaction occurs after the ensiling is opened, which shows that the rape can be well preserved due to better aerobic stability.
Example 2
The rumen degradation rate of each group of rape feed treatment groups is shown in table 5 after the groups are ensiled for 60 days in example 1. The specific operation is that 60-day dried and crushed samples are selected, sieved by a 40-mesh grading sieve, 3.0g of the dried and crushed samples are respectively weighed and filled into nylon bags (10cm x 5cm) made of 240-mesh nylon cloth, 2 cattle are repeatedly used for each head, the nylon bags are placed into the rumen of a fistulae Holstein castrated bull (3 heads) to be respectively digested for 12h, 24h and 72h, the rumen is taken out, clear water is slowly washed until the rumen is clear, the dried tunica vaginalis is dried at 65 ℃ until the weight is constant, and the contents of DM, CP, NDF and ADF are respectively measured. From the results, it can be seen that the digestion time is increased, and the DM, CP, NDF and ADF degradation rates are all significantly increased (p < 0.05); the degradation rate difference of the rape silage DM, CP, NDF and ADF is obvious in different treatment modes of the rape silage for 60 days (p is less than 0.05). The DM degradation rate (72h) of the SLC group was 75.45%, significantly higher than that of each of the other groups (p < 0.05); the CP degradation rates (72h) of both SLC and SLB groups were 80.40%, significantly higher than that of group D (74.36%) (p < 0.05); the NDF degradation rates (72h) of the SLC group and the SLB group were 56.95% and 56.21%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05); the ADF degradation rates (72h) for the SLC and SLB groups were 62.27% and 61.15%, respectively, significantly higher than for the D group (49.77%) (p < 0.05). The method is proved that the rumen degradation rate of the rape can be improved by adding the solid microbial inoculum, the liquid microbial inoculum and the corn flour for ensiling the rape, the rape is easier to be utilized by animals after ensiling, and the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved.
Example 3
A preparation method of silage rape feed comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically mowing: mechanically harvesting the whole rape to obtain a fresh rape sample;
s2, airing: cutting, airing, monitoring the change of water content every day, bundling and transporting when the water content is reduced to 70% or below, and cutting by a straw chopper;
s3, adding an additive: activating a solid microbial inoculum S, adding 200 g of brown sugar and 2L of water into every 25g of the solid microbial inoculum S after activation, regulating the water temperature to be 30-37 ℃, and uniformly stirring; uniformly spraying activated solid microbial inoculum S, liquid microbial inoculum L and corn flour to the chopped rape, wherein the solid microbial inoculum S comprises: 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 parts of lactobacillus buchneri, 5 parts of lactobacillus casei and 1 part of cellulase; the liquid microbial inoculum L comprises: 4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus; adding 25g of solid silage agent, 250mL of liquid silage agent and 10kg of corn flour into each ton of rape. The effective viable bacteria of each bacterium were the same as those in example 1.
S4, bagging and compacting: bagging, compacting, sealing, ensiling for 30 days, and opening the bag.
36 cows are divided into 4 groups, 9 cows are divided into 4 groups, the silage coarse feed of the daily ration is used for replacing 15 percent, 25 percent and 35 percent of silage corns with the silage rape feed prepared by the method, the control group is that the silage feed only contains silage corns, the feeding time is 10 days in a pre-test period, the regular test period is 63 days, the average value of the measured milk yield and the indexes of all components in the milk is taken, and other detection results are shown in a table 6.
TABLE 6 measurement results
The results show that the daily milk yields of the cows with 15% and 25% of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed are respectively 5.33kg and 5.31kg, are obviously higher than those of the cows with 0% and 35% of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed in a control group and a 35% group (P is less than 0.05), the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate are linearly increased along with the addition amount of the silage rape feed, and when the silage corns are replaced by the 35% of silage rape feed, the daily milk yields are obviously higher than those of the cows with 0%, 15% and 25% (P is less than 0.05) of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed.
Claims (10)
1. The silage rape feed is characterized by being prepared by mixing and fermenting rape with lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus casei, pediococcus pentosaceus and cellulase.
2. The method for preparing silage rape feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
s1, mechanically mowing: mechanically harvesting the whole rape to obtain a fresh rape sample;
s2, airing: cutting, airing, monitoring the change of water content every day, bundling and transporting when the water content is reduced to 70% or below, and cutting by a straw chopper;
s3, adding an additive: uniformly spraying a solid microbial inoculum S, a liquid microbial inoculum L and corn flour into the chopped rape, wherein the solid microbial inoculum S comprises: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus casei and cellulase; the liquid microbial inoculum L comprises: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, pediococcus pentosaceus, organic acids and small molecule peptides;
s4, bagging and compacting: bagging, compacting, sealing, ensiling, and opening the bag after ensiling.
3. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mowing time of the rape is 5-10 days after the final flowering phase, and the mechanical reaping and lodging fork length is 20-25 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the length of the cut rape is 3 to 5cm in the step S2.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus, the lactobacillus buchneri, the lactobacillus casei and the cellulase are mixed in a mixing ratio of 3 to 5 parts by weight of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 to 4 parts by weight of lactobacillus acidophilus, 2 to 4 parts by weight of lactobacillus buchneri, 4 to 6 parts by weight of lactobacillus casei and 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of cellulase;
the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the pediococcus pentosaceus are uniformly mixed according to the volume parts of 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the solid microbial inoculum S is added in an amount of 25g per ton of rape, and the effective viable count of each bacterium is 0.95-1.05 x 1010CFU/g, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 4-6 ten thousand U/g; activating every 25g of solid microbial inoculum, adding 200 g of brown sugar and 2L of water, adjusting the water temperature to be 30-37 ℃, and uniformly stirring; the liquid microbial inoculum L is added according to the amount of 250ml added to each ton of rape, and the effective viable count of each bacterium is 1.5-2 multiplied by 109CFU/gram.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the corn meal is added in an amount of 10 kg/ton rape in step S3.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the bagging can be replaced by ensiling in a silo, wherein the microbial inoculum and the glycogen material are uniformly sprayed once per 25-30 cm of filling and compacted, and the silo is filled and sealed; the opening time of the ensilage is more than or equal to 30 days.
9. Use of the silage rape seed feed according to claim 1 or the silage rape seed feed obtained by the method according to any one of claims 2 to 8 for feeding a cow.
10. The use of claim 10, wherein the silage rape seed feed is added in an amount of 10-40% of the daily feed.
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