CN113519706A - Economical total mixed ration for dairy goats - Google Patents
Economical total mixed ration for dairy goats Download PDFInfo
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- CN113519706A CN113519706A CN202110710464.1A CN202110710464A CN113519706A CN 113519706 A CN113519706 A CN 113519706A CN 202110710464 A CN202110710464 A CN 202110710464A CN 113519706 A CN113519706 A CN 113519706A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses an economical total mixed ration for milk goats, which is prepared by replacing part of roughage in the Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with fermented hybrid paper mulberry to improve the milk yield and the milk quality of the milk goats, and is calculated by dry matter mass percent: 5-15% of fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 18-28% of alfalfa hay, 17% of oat hay, 29-31% of corn, 4-6% of bran, 10% of soybean meal, 2% of soybean meal, 0.25% of soda, 0.25% of salt and 2.5% of premix. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera. Compared with the similar total mixed ration, the cost of the economical total mixed ration for the milk goats is reduced by 3-10%, the milk yield of the milk goats using the economical total mixed ration is obviously improved, the daily income of each goat can be increased by 10-20% averagely, the daily net income of each goat can be increased by 30-60%, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed, and particularly relates to an economical total mixed ration for dairy goats, which is prepared by replacing part of coarse feed in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) with fermented hybrid paper mulberry to improve the milk yield of dairy goats, improve the milk quality and improve the economic benefit, and an application effect.
Background
Shanxi is the origin of Guanzhong milk goat variety and is the national milk goat production base, the milk goat stock-keeping quantity, the milk yield and the dairy product processing quantity are all located at the first position in the country, and the milk goat industry is the characteristic dominant industry of Shanxi animal husbandry. For a long time, the Guanzhong region is the main production area of the milk goats, and the vigorous development of the milk goat industry has important significance for promoting the development of the Shanxi animal husbandry. At present, a key factor for restricting the industry of the milk goats is the shortage of high-quality forage grass and feed of the milk goats.
The high-quality forage grass plays a vital role in the health and production performance of the milk goat, the milk goat forage grass at present mainly comprises alfalfa, silage corn, oat grass, ryegrass and the like, however, with the continuous increase of the number of the milk goat stocks and the lagging planting and processing modes of the forage grass, the quantity and the quality of the high-quality forage grass cannot meet the development requirement of the milk goat industry.
With the rapid development of the milk goat industry, the livestock holding amount of the milk goats is increased rapidly, the requirements on the quantity and the quality of forage grass are higher and higher, and the shortage of high-quality feed is an important factor restricting the development of the milk goat industry at present, so that a novel non-grain feed must be developed and utilized to facilitate the development of the grass-eating animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides an economical total mixed ration for dairy goats.
Therefore, the economical total mixed ration for the milk goats, provided by the invention, comprises the following components: according to the weight percentage of dry matters, 5-15 percent of fermented hybrid paper mulberry, 18-28 percent of alfalfa hay, 17 percent of oat hay, 29-31 percent of corn, 4-6 percent of bran, 10 percent of soybean meal, 2 percent of soybean meal, 0.25 percent of soda, 0.25 percent of salt and 2.5 percent of premix.
Further, the effective components of the premix feed comprise: the crude protein is more than or equal to 20.50 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 15.00 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 15.00 percent, the calcium is 0.60 to 1.80 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.40 percent, the sodium chloride is 0.50 to 1.60 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.55 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 14.00 percent.
Further, the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is prepared by the following steps:
(1) harvesting and chopping the hybrid paper mulberry, and uniformly mixing the cut hybrid paper mulberry with dry straws, wherein the water content of the uniformly mixed material is 60-65%;
(2) conveying and feeding materials through a crawler belt, bundling and covering a net for fixing, and spraying a zymophyte agent in a spraying manner in the feeding process;
(3) and (4) wrapping after bundling is finished, and placing for 30-40 d in a dark place.
Further, in the step (1), when the fermented hybrid paper mulberry is prepared, the harvesting time of the hybrid paper mulberry is 0.8-1.2 m, and the stubble height is about 15-20 cm.
Further, in the step (1), when the fermented hybrid paper mulberry is prepared, the hybrid paper mulberry is cut into pieces with the length of about 1-2 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the fermentation microbial inoculum is a mixed solution prepared from lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum when the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is prepared.
Further, in the preparation of the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, in the step (2), the addition amount of the two fermentation inoculants is 2.5 multiplied by 1010CFU/t。
The total mixed ration for the milk goats can obviously improve the milk yield of the milk goats, improve the milk quality and improve the economic benefit. The milk yield of the milk goat is improved, the conventional milk components are not affected, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased, and the milk quality is improved. Compared with the similar total mixed ration, the cost of the economical total mixed ration for the milk goats is reduced by 3-10%, the milk yield of the milk goats using the economical total mixed ration is improved, the daily income of each goat can be increased by 10-20% averagely, the daily net income can be increased by 30-60%, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of adding different proportions of fermented broussonetia papyrifera on milk production of milk goats;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of adding different proportions of fermented broussonetia papyrifera on milk fat rate.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of adding different proportions of fermented broussonetia papyrifera on non-resin solids.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of adding different ratios of fermented broussonetia papyrifera on milk protein ratio.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of adding different proportions of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on lactose.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific tests and methods of use given by the inventors.
Detailed Description
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms or methods herein are understood or implemented using known methods as would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
The hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is a new tree species cultivated by the plant research institute of Chinese academy of sciences by utilizing the modern biotechnology and the traditional hybrid breeding method, has outstanding stress resistance and fast growth and high yield, has extremely strong survival adaptability in nature, is drought-resistant, barren and saline-alkali resistant, has developed root system and less plant diseases and insect pests. The protein content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera leaves is high, the water content of the newly harvested 1.2m high whole hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is about 80-87%, and the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera leaves can be used for producing animal feed after being scientifically processed, and are a green and efficient feed source. According to related research reports, the dry matter content of the fermented hybrid paper mulberry reaches 29.06%, the crude protein content reaches 21.7%, the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) content is 50.78%, the Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) content is 33.26%, and the hybrid paper mulberry can generate a large amount of lactic acid through probiotic fermentation, so that the hybrid paper mulberry has good palatability, low fiber content and easy digestion, is beneficial to the health of animals, and achieves the purpose of replacing antibiotics.
The dry straw is crop dry straw, and comprises corn straw, wheat straw, soybean straw, rice straw and the like. It is mixed with newly harvested hybrid paper mulberry, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 60-65%.
According to the scheme of the invention, the fermentation microbial inoculum is sprayed by spraying in the process of using the track for feeding the mixture, and the fermentation microbial inoculum can be one or more than two of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and the like.
Example (b):
preparation of total mixed ration for milk goats
The total mixed ration for feeding the dairy goat, given in this example, consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
the total mixed ration for the milk goats comprises the following components in a dosage relationship: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight (dry matter basis): 5-15% of fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, 18-28% of alfalfa hay, 17% of oat hay, 29-31% of corn, 4-6% of bran, 10% of soybean meal, 2% of soybean meal, 0.25% of soda, 0.25% of salt and 2.5% of premix.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of fermented hybrid paper mulberry
And harvesting the hybrid paper mulberry by using a hybrid paper mulberry harvester when the hybrid paper mulberry grows to about 1.2m, wherein the stubble height is about 20 cm.
Cutting a fresh harvested hybrid paper mulberry into pieces with the length of about 2cm, and uniformly mixing the cut hybrid paper mulberry and dry straws to control the water content, so that the water content of the uniformly mixed material is 60-65%; the material is conveyed and loaded through the crawler belt, and high-density bundling is carried out by using a bundler, and net covering and fixing are carried out.
The fermentation inoculum used in this example was a mixture of Lactobacillus buchneri (commercially available) and Lactobacillus plantarum (commercially available), both bacteria being added at 2.5X 1010CFU/t。
And after bundling is finished, rapidly wrapping by using a wrapping machine, wherein the wrapping is more than 4 layers, and the manufactured wrapping needs to be placed in a shady and cool place for 30 days.
(2) Weighing alfalfa hay, oat hay, fermented hybrid paper mulberry, corn, bran, soybean meal, soda, salt and premix according to a feed formula for later use.
(3) Mixing herba Medicaginis hay, herba Avenae Fatuae hay, fermented hybrid paper mulberry, semen Maydis, testa Tritici, soybean meal, semen glycines powder, soda, salt, and premix in sequence.
In order to determine the optimal addition proportion of the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera in the total mixed ration for the milk goats, the experiment is provided with the following scheme:
1. control group: TMR daily ration for the milk goats. The daily ration comprises the following components: the feed comprises the following substances in percentage by weight (dry matter basis): 33% of alfalfa hay, 17% of oat hay, 28% of corn, 7% of bran, 10% of soybean meal, 2% of soybean meal, 0.25% of soda, 0.25% of salt and 2.5% of premix, and the fermented-free hybrid paper mulberry.
2. Test groups: in the group, 3 treatment groups I, II and III are adopted, and 5%, 10% and 15% of fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera are added into TMR daily ration to replace part of alfalfa hay. The feed formulation and nutrient levels for each test group are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test diet composition and Nutrition level (air-dried basis)
Note: (1) the feed price is the price of Weinan city and the surrounding market in Shanxi province during the test;
(2) the premix is provided for each kilogram of feed: 3000IU of vitamin A, 2000IU of vitamin D, 30IU of vitamin E, 5mg of Cu, 40mg of Fe, 20mg of Mn and 35mg of Zn.
(II) feeding the milk goat
And feeding the prepared milk goat with the total mixed ration on time every day.
(III) measurement of milk yield
All test sheep were milked twice a day in the test period (4:00, 16:00), and the milk yield was recorded after the sheep milk was collected with a hand-push negative pressure automatic milker, and the sum of the two times was the milk yield per day.
(IV) Collection of milk samples
50mL of goat milk collected twice in the morning and at night of each group of test sheep are mixed and collected in a centrifuge tube according to the proportion of 1:1 at 7d, 14d and 21d of the test period, the goat milk is used for conventional component analysis of the goat milk, and samples which cannot be detected immediately are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃.
(V) analysis of conventional components of goat milk
The mixed milk sample is subjected to detection of indicators such as milk fat rate, milk protein rate, lactose, non-fat solids and the like by using a milk component analyzer.
(VI) analysis of milk fatty acids
The content of fatty acid in the goat milk sample is detected by GB 5009.168-2016 (determination of fatty acid in national food safety standard).
(VI) evaluation results
The evaluation results of the milk yield and the milk quality of the milk goats fed with the total mixed ration provided by the invention are as follows:
TABLE 2 influence of fermentation of broussonetia papyrifera feed on milk goat milk composition (%)
TABLE 3 influence of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed on milk fatty acid of milk goat (μ g/g)
TABLE 4 economic benefit analysis of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed instead of alfalfa hay
As shown in FIG. 1, compared with the control group, the milk production of the milk goat can be significantly improved by adding 10% and 15% of fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of part of alfalfa hay (P <0.05), and the milk production is highest when the addition ratio is 10% (P < 0.05).
As shown in table 2 and fig. 2-5, compared with the control group, the addition of the fermented broussonetia papyrifera in different proportions to replace part of the alfalfa hay had no significant effect on the milk fat rate, the non-fat solid, the milk protein rate, the lactose and other conventional milk components of the goat milk (P > 0.05).
As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the goat milk of the test group I has obviously improved contents of palmitic acid, oleic acid and DHA, and obviously reduced contents of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, tetracosanoic acid and EPA (P is less than 0.05); the test II group of goat milk has obviously improved contents of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, EPA and DHA (P is less than 0.05), and has obviously reduced contents of alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and tetracosanoic acid (P is less than 0.05); the test III group of goat milk has obviously improved contents of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, tetracosanoic acid, EPA and DHA (P is less than 0.05), and has obviously reduced contents of alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (P is less than 0.05). The fermented hybrid paper mulberry with different proportions replaces partial alfalfa hay to feed the milk goats, so that the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid in the goat milk can be increased, the quality of the goat milk is improved, and the effect of adding 10% of the fermented hybrid paper mulberry (test II group) is the best.
As shown in Table 4, the feed costs of the test groups I, II and III were reduced by 0.28, 0.32 and 0.51 yuan/d, respectively, as compared with the control group. The goat milk income is the product of average daily milk yield and goat milk price during the test period, and the economic benefit is the difference value between the goat milk income and the feed cost. The trial I, II, III groups received 1.14, 2.69 and 1.96 yuan per day respectively more than the control group. The economic benefit of test group II was the highest, 6.91 yuan/d.
The results show that the milk yield (P <0.05) of the milk goat can be remarkably improved by adding 10-15% of fermented hybrid paper mulberry to replace part of alfalfa hay in the formula of the total mixed ration for the economical milk goat, the conventional milk components are not affected (P >0.05), the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased (P <0.05), and the milk quality is improved; wherein, the effect of adding 10% of fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera to replace alfalfa hay is better, the milk yield is higher, and the economic benefit is better. Therefore, the economic total mixed ration for the milk goats, which is provided by the invention and is added with 10% of fermented hybrid paper mulberry to replace part of alfalfa hay, has the best feeding effect, and can significantly improve the milk yield of the milk goats, improve the milk quality and improve the economic benefit.
Claims (7)
1. The economical total mixed ration for the milk goats is characterized by comprising the following components: according to the weight percentage of dry matters, 5-15 percent of fermented hybrid paper mulberry, 18-28 percent of alfalfa hay, 17 percent of oat hay, 29-31 percent of corn, 4-6 percent of bran, 10 percent of soybean meal, 2 percent of soybean meal, 0.25 percent of soda, 0.25 percent of salt and 2.5 percent of premix.
2. The economical total mixed ration for milk goats according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredients of the premix feed comprise: the crude protein is more than or equal to 20.50 percent, the crude ash content is less than or equal to 15.00 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 15.00 percent, the calcium is 0.60 to 1.80 percent, the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.40 percent, the sodium chloride is 0.50 to 1.60 percent, the lysine is more than or equal to 0.55 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 14.00 percent.
3. The economical total mixed ration for milk goats as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is prepared by the following steps:
(1) harvesting and chopping the hybrid paper mulberry, and uniformly mixing the cut hybrid paper mulberry with dry straws, wherein the water content of the uniformly mixed material is 60-65%;
(2) conveying and feeding materials through a crawler belt, bundling and covering a net for fixing, and spraying a zymophyte agent in a spraying manner in the feeding process;
(3) and (4) wrapping after bundling is finished, and placing for 30-40 d in a dark place.
4. The fermented hybrid paper mulberry according to claim 3, wherein in the preparation of the fermented hybrid paper mulberry, in the step (1), the hybrid paper mulberry is harvested for 0.8-1.2 m and the stubble height is about 15-20 cm.
5. The fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera of claim 3, wherein in the preparation of the fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, in the step (1), the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is cut to a length of about 1-2 cm.
6. The fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera of claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation inoculum is a mixed solution prepared from lactobacillus buchneri and lactobacillus plantarum.
7. The fermented hybrid broussonetia papyrifera of claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the addition amount of the two fermentation inoculants is 2.5 x 1010CFU/t。
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| CN114246257A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-03-29 | 山东健源生物科技有限公司 | Biological agent for improving fermentation quality of mixed silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN114747675A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Feed for optimizing goat milk fat quality and application thereof |
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| CN114747675A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | Feed for optimizing goat milk fat quality and application thereof |
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