CN112335788A - Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112335788A CN112335788A CN201910737793.8A CN201910737793A CN112335788A CN 112335788 A CN112335788 A CN 112335788A CN 201910737793 A CN201910737793 A CN 201910737793A CN 112335788 A CN112335788 A CN 112335788A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hybrid
- cfu
- ruminants
- feed
- broussonetia papyrifera
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 title 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 241000705930 Broussonetia papyrifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 241000933832 Broussonetia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 134
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 60
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 60
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 60
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 49
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 49
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 108091005508 Acid proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 108090000145 Bacillolysin Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 101710130006 Beta-glucanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 102000035092 Neutral proteases Human genes 0.000 claims description 24
- 108091005507 Neutral proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010038851 tannase Proteins 0.000 claims description 24
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 beta-mannase Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710089042 Demethyl-4-deoxygadusol synthase Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 56
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 12
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl gallate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 ZTHYODDOHIVTJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014590 basal diet Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 208000004396 mastitis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000006180 nutrition needs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010055059 beta-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000019658 bitter taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010388 propyl gallate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000473 propyl gallate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940075579 propyl gallate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001416150 Bos indicus x Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000950 Hippophae rhamnoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003145 Hippophae rhamnoides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000057 Mannan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000234609 Portulaca oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N aldehydo-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-RSJOWCBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002155 anti-virotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022676 rumination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015212 rumination disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/125—Casei
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention firstly discloses a method for preparing a fermentation feed of a hybrid paper mulberry for a ruminant, which comprises the steps of inoculating a composite microbial inoculum and a composite enzyme to a raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the fermentation product is the fermentation feed of the hybrid paper mulberry for the ruminant. Further discloses the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants prepared by the method. Compared with the traditional fermentation technology, the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology of the composite microbial inoculum and the composite enzyme has the advantages that the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology takes the microbial nutrition requirements, the animal nutrition requirements and the intestinal microecological balance into consideration, the fermentation time is shortened, the tannin content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is reduced, the palatability and the digestibility are improved, the ingestion and the gastrointestinal digestion are promoted, the production performance, the milk quality and the meat quality of the ruminant are improved, and the immune function of the ruminant is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fermented feeds, in particular to a hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of society, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and the demand of beef, mutton, milk and dairy products in daily life is increasing day by year, so the demand of protein feed and high-quality coarse feed is also increasing year by year. However, the shortage of feed resources is a major problem in the Chinese farming industry, and the Chinese farming industry needs to rely on import for a long time. At present, the prices of bean pulp and pasture rise, the import customs of various feeds and fermented feeds are increased, and the method brings serious challenges to cost saving and efficiency improvement of cattle and sheep breeding.
The hybrid paper mulberry is used as a high-protein woody feed, the protein content is up to 20-30%, the nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, vitamin, carbohydrate, trace elements and the like are very rich, the feed value is very good, and the hybrid paper mulberry can be used as a substitute raw material of the protein feed. In addition, the hybrid paper mulberry contains various bioactive substances such as flavonoid compounds and the like, and has biological functions such as antibiosis, antivirus, antioxidation and the like. However, the protein molecular structure in the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is complex, the lignin content is high, and the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of the protein directly fed to livestock is not high. Moreover, the tannin content in the hybrid paper mulberry is about 1 to 2 percent, which causes bitter taste and poor palatability.
The existing paper mulberry feed production technology is simple, hay or silage is prepared after being harvested and crushed, the hay or silage is directly or mixed with other feeds to feed livestock and poultry, silage is mainly used, and the dry feed accounts for a small percentage. CN200810055946.2 discloses a cow concentrated feed prepared from broussonetia papyrifera leaves, which is prepared by mixing corn, the broussonetia papyrifera leaves, soybean meal and a premixed feed in proportion and feeding the mixture to a cow, and can improve the milk yield, the milk fat content and the milk protein content of the cow. CN201810874144.8 discloses a paper mulberry silage and a preparation method thereof. However, hay has a low digestibility and poor palatability, and ensilage has a certain effect of degrading cellulose and tannins, but the ensilage broussonetia papyrifera still has a bitter taste.
The fermentation is carried out by utilizing a biological engineering technology and an enzyme engineering technology, so that the nutritive value of the paper mulberry can be improved, the contents of fiber and anti-nutritional factors of the paper mulberry are reduced, the palatability of paper mulberry feed is improved, and the feed intake rate of the feed is increased. However, the existing broussonetia papyrifera fermentation technology is time-consuming. CN201811002612.9 discloses a broussonetia papyrifera fermented product, which is prepared by mixing a broussonetia papyrifera stem crushed product, soybean meal, bran, purslane herb crushed product and sea-buckthorn fruit pulp in proportion, inoculating mixed bacteria (consisting of 50% of bacillus natto, 35% of bacillus licheniformis and 15% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and fermenting for 15-20 days at 25-30 ℃.
In conclusion, the broussonetia papyrifera has high protein content, and the content of amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, trace elements and other nutrient components is rich, but the palatability is poor due to the high tannin content, the direct feeding digestion utilization rate is low due to the complex protein structure, and the application of the broussonetia papyrifera in livestock and poultry feeds is severely limited. At the present stage, ensiling, compound bacteria fermentation and the like can improve the palatability and the digestibility of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera to a certain degree, but the effect is not ideal, and the treatment process takes longer time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to reduce the tannin content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant so as to improve the palatability of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant; and/or reducing the structure of the macromolecular protein to improve the digestion utilization rate of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant, reduce the feed conversion ratio and improve the digestion utilization rate of the feed; and/or shortening the fermentation time for preparing a fermentation feed for a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for ruminants; and/or how to improve the growth performance, meat quality, milk quality and/or immune function of ruminants.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fermentation feed for a hybrid paper mulberry for a ruminant.
The method for preparing the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant comprises the following steps: inoculating a complex microbial inoculum and a complex enzyme to a raw material composition taking a hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product (namely all substances in a fermentation container), wherein the fermentation product is a hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants;
the active ingredients of the composite microbial inoculum comprise lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the active components of the complex enzyme comprise pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase.
In the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
the compound microbial agent comprises the following components of lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae in a ratio of (1-100) to (4-15) to (12-20) to (0.5-50) in a unit CFU;
or the compound microbial agent comprises the following components of lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae in the ratio of (1-100) to (4-15) to 4 to (12-20) to (0.5-50) in unit CFU;
or the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 1: 4: 12: 0.5, calculated by CFU;
and/or the compound enzyme comprises pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in a ratio of (6-36) to (180-1080) to (8-48) to (20-120) to (50-300) to (5-30) in unit U;
or, the compound enzyme comprises pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in a ratio of (6-36) to (180-1080) to (8-48) to (20-120) to (50-300) to 250 to (5-30) in unit U;
or the mixture ratio of pectinase, cellulose, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in the compound enzyme is 30: 900: 40: 100: 250: 25, calculated by unit U;
and/or, the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component contains 40-60 wt% (for example, 40%, 43%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, etc.);
or the raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as the main component consists of 40-60% of hybrid paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of DDGS, 0-15% of rice bran meal, 10-15% of cassava residue, 14-20% of corn, 5-10% of bean pulp and 1-2% of molasses; % is weight percentage.
In the method, the particle sizes of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera powder, the DDGS, the rice bran meal, the cassava residue, the corn and the bean pulp in the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component are less than or equal to 2 mm.
In the method, the fermentation condition is that the fermentation is carried out for 3-5 days in a sealed breathing bag at the temperature of 25-30 ℃.
In the method, the water content of the pre-fermentation product consisting of the composite microbial inoculum, the composite enzyme and the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is 30-40 percent, namely the water content of the total substances in the container before fermentation is 30-40 percent; % is weight percentage.
In the method, the addition amount of the complex enzyme is that the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: 60-360U of pectinase, 60-360U of cellulase, 1800-10800U of xylanase, 80-480U of beta-glucanase, 200-1200U of beta-mannase, 500-3000U of acid protease, 500-3000U of neutral protease and 50-300U of tannase;
or the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 60-360U of pectinase, 60-360U of cellulase, 1800-10800U of xylanase, 80-480U of beta-glucanase, 200-1200U of beta-mannase, 500-3000U of acid protease, 2500U of neutral protease and 50-300U of tannase;
or the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 300U of pectinase, 300U of cellulase, 9000U of xylanase, 400U of beta-glucanase, 1000U of beta-mannase, 2500U of acid protease, 2500U of neutral protease and 250U of tannase;
and/or the addition amount of the composite microbial inoculum is that the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and lactobacillus casei F-08 (0.1-10) multiplied by 109CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP6 (0.1-10) x 109CFU, Bacillus subtilis (4-15) x 108CFU, Bacillus licheniformis (4-15) x 108CFU (carbon fiber), bacillus natto (12-20) multiplied by 108CFU and saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5-50) x 108CFU；
Or the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and lactobacillus casei F-08 (0.1-10) multiplied by 109CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP6 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and bacillus subtilis 4 x 108CFU, Bacillus licheniformis (4-15) x 108CFU (carbon fiber), bacillus natto (12-20) multiplied by 108CFU and saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5-50) x 108CFU；
Or the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-81X 108CFU, Lactobacillus casei F-081X 108CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP61 × 108CFU and bacillus subtilis 4 x 108CFU and Bacillus licheniformis 4X 108CFU and Bacillus natto of 12 x 108CFU and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 × 107CFU；
And/or the tannin content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant is lower than that of the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component. In the above method, the tannin content of the fermentation feed of the broussonetia papyrifera for ruminant is lower than that of the raw material composition taking the broussonetia papyrifera as the main component, so that the tannin content of the fermentation feed of the broussonetia papyrifera for ruminant is reduced by 97.27% -98.18% compared with that of the raw material composition taking the broussonetia papyrifera as the main component.
The hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants prepared by the method is also within the protection scope of the invention.
The content of tannin in the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant is less than or equal to 0.03 percent.
The other nutrient components in the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants are as follows: the total acid content is 7.08-30.29 mg/g, the weight percentage of crude protein is 11.51-14.48%, the weight percentage of volatile basic nitrogen is 38.72-83.66 mg/100g, the weight percentage of acid soluble protein is 2.02-2.24%, and/or the content of lactic acid bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 x 109CFU/g and/or yeast content of 1.0 × l06CFU/g and/or Bacillus content of 1.0 × 107CFU/g。
In the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants, the pH value ranges from 4.21 to 5.20.
The invention further provides a complete set of products for preparing the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants, which consists of the complex microbial inoculum, the complex enzyme and a raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component.
In the complete set of products, the complex microbial inoculum, the complex enzyme and the raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as the main component can be respectively and independently packaged.
The application of the set of products in reducing the tannin content in the hybrid paper mulberry or the raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as the main component is also within the protection scope of the invention.
In the application, the reduction of tannin content in the raw material composition taking the paper mulberry hybrids as the main component can be 97.27-98.18% of tannin content of the fermented feed for the ruminant paper mulberry hybrids as compared with the tannin content of the raw material composition taking the paper mulberry hybrids as the main component.
The use of the above-mentioned kit for shortening the fermentation time of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera or the above-mentioned raw material composition containing the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is also within the scope of the present invention.
In the above applications, the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera may be derived from all or part of the aerial parts of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera plant, such as the stem and/or leaves.
The invention further provides a feed containing the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants.
The above-mentioned hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants, or the application of the above-mentioned kit product, is also within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specifically, the applications are as follows U1 or U2 or U3 or U4:
u1, in improving the production performance of ruminants, or in preparing products for improving the production performance of ruminants;
u2, in improving the milk quality of ruminants, or in preparing products for improving the milk quality of ruminants;
u3, in improving the meat quality of ruminants, or in preparing a product for improving the meat quality of ruminants;
u4, and application thereof in improving the immune function of ruminants or application thereof in preparing products for improving the immune function of ruminants.
In the above application, the improvement of ruminant animal production performance is represented by at least one of the following:
A1) increasing milk production by ruminants;
A2) increasing daily gain of a ruminant;
A3) the feed conversion ratio of the ruminant is reduced.
In the above application, the improvement of the ruminant milk quality is represented by: reducing the number of somatic cells in the milk of a ruminant.
In the application, the improvement of the meat quality of the ruminant is represented by at least one of the following:
B1) reducing the pH of the meat of the ruminant;
B2) reducing the shear force of the meat of the ruminant;
B3) reduce the cooking loss of ruminant meat;
B4) improve the meat color of the ruminant.
In the application, the improvement of the immune function of the ruminant is shown as follows:
C1) decreased ruminant morbidity;
C2) the ruminant has vigorous appetite and is chewed forcefully and normally drinks water;
C2) the ruminant excrement is soft and thin and layered, and the urine is light yellow.
In the application, the product can be a feed additive, a premix, a concentrate supplement, a concentrated feed or a complete feed.
In the practical application process, the fermentation feed for the broussonetia papyrifera for the ruminants can be mixed with the basic feed, the addition amount of the ruminants is different in different physiological stages according to the nutritional requirements of the ruminants, and the specific addition amount of the fermentation feed for the broussonetia papyrifera for the ruminants is 5% -25% of the weight of the basic feed.
The invention further provides a feeding method for ruminants, which comprises the following steps: the feed obtained by adding 5 to 25 percent of the feed for the ruminant through the fermentation of the hybrid paper mulberry into the basic feed by weight is taken as daily feed to feed the ruminant.
Specifically, the addition amount of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant is 10-20% (for example, 10%, 15%, 20% and the like) of the weight of the basic diet;
more specifically, the addition amount of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant is 15% of the weight of the basic feed.
In the invention, the basic diet is specifically TMR total mixed ration.
The ruminant is a cattle or a sheep; the sheep is mutton sheep or milch sheep, and the cattle is beef cattle or dairy cattle.
According to the invention, the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is used as a main raw material, the composite microbial agent and the composite enzyme are inoculated, and the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant is obtained through fermentation, and by means of a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology of the composite microbial agent and the composite enzyme, on one hand, an enzyme preparation is utilized to hydrolyze protein and destroy anti-nutritional factors, the deficiency of endogenous enzyme is supplemented, beneficial bacteria are provided to optimize the micro-ecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract of the ruminant, and microbial fermentation is promoted; on the other hand, as time goes on, the enzyme preparation can be degraded and utilized as heterologous protein by the fermenting microorganism, and the enzyme spectrum in the fermentation system can be finally transformed into digestive enzyme secreted by the microorganism, such as protease, amylase, cellulase and the like, so that the types of the enzyme are increased; the microbial fermentation can also effectively degrade macromolecular protein, form small peptide substances which are beneficial to digestion and absorption, and generate a plurality of organic acids, amino acids, vitamins, a plurality of flavor substances and the like, thereby achieving the effect of bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation. Compared with the traditional fermentation technology, the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation technology gives consideration to the microbial nutrition requirement, the animal nutrition requirement and the intestinal microecological balance, shortens the fermentation time, reduces the tannin content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, improves the palatability and the digestibility, promotes the ingestion and the gastrointestinal digestion, improves the production performance, the milk quality and the meat quality of the ruminant and enhances the immune function of the ruminant.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The materials used in the following examples are as follows:
and (3) pectinase: tianjin Bophnedco Techni Co., Ltd, product code number P891, enzyme activity 10000U/g;
cellulase: tianjin Bophnedco Techni Co., Ltd, product code number P921, enzyme activity 10000U/g;
xylanase: tianjin Bophnedco Techni Co., Ltd, product code 818, enzyme activity 300000U/g;
beta-glucanase: tianjin Bophnedco Techni Co., Ltd, product code number P862, enzyme activity 50000U/g;
beta-mannanase: product code 832 of Tianjin Bo Fei German technology Limited company, enzyme activity 20000U/g;
acid protease: tianjin Bophnedco Techni Co., Ltd, product code number P902, enzyme activity 50000U/g;
neutral protease: tianjin Bophnedco technologies, product code P901, enzyme activity 10000U/g;
tannase: sichuan Huayuan Shengtai Biotechnology limited, the enzyme activity is 500U/g;
wherein the enzyme activity units U of the respective enzymes are defined as follows:
and (3) pectinase: 1g of enzyme powder or 1ml of enzyme solution, under the conditions of 50 ℃ and pH 3.5, the pectin is decomposed for 1 hour to produce 1mg of free galacturonic acid as one enzyme activity unit U.
Cellulase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar per minute from a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution having a concentration of 4mg/ml at 37 ℃ and a pH of 5.5 was one enzyme activity unit U.
Xylanase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar by degradation per minute from a xylan solution having a concentration of 5mg/ml at 37 ℃ and a pH of 5.5 is one enzyme activity unit U.
Beta-glucanase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar per minute from a beta-glucan solution having a concentration of 4mg/ml at 37 ℃ and a pH of 5.5 was one enzyme activity unit U.
Beta-mannanase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugars per minute was degraded from a mannan (LBG, locust bean gum, Sigma: G0753) solution at a concentration of 3mg/ml at 37 ℃ and pH 5.5, as one enzyme activity unit U.
Acid protease: hydrolysis of casein at 40 ℃ and pH 3.0 for 1min produced an amount of enzyme equivalent to 1. mu.g of phenolic amino acid (from tyrosine equivalent) as one enzyme activity unit U.
Neutral protease: hydrolysis of casein at 40 ℃ and pH 7.2 for 1min produced an amount of enzyme equivalent to 1. mu.g of phenolic amino acid (from tyrosine equivalent) as one enzyme activity unit U.
Tannase: the enzyme amount required for degrading Propyl Gallate (PG) solution to release 1 mu mol of gallic acid per minute is one enzyme activity unit U under the conditions of 30 ℃ and pH value of 5.0.
Lactobacillus plantarum P-8: this bacterium is presented in the patent documents CN104585506A and CN102618461B by the important laboratory of the department of biotechnology and engineering education of inner mongolia university of agriculture.
Preparation of lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum
Inoculating the activated lactobacillus plantarum P-8 into a 500ml triangular flask filled with 100ml of fermentation medium, standing and culturing at 33 ℃ for 24 hours, and collecting fermentation liquor to obtain lactobacillus plantarum P-8 seed liquor.
Inoculating lactobacillus plantarum P-8 seed solution into a 500L fermentation tank filled with 200L fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount of 6% (volume ratio), culturing at 33 ℃ and the stirring speed of 100rpm for 24 hours, collecting all substances (fermentation liquor) obtained by culturing in the fermentation tank, adding rice hull powder, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum. The content of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8 in the lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g。
Each liter of fermentation medium is prepared according to the following method: 10g glucose, 10g peptone, 1.5g KH2PO4、0.80g MnSO4、1.00g MgSO41.0g of NaCl, and using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, wherein the pH value is 6.5; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
Lactobacillus casei F-08: this bacterium is given by inner Mongolia and American Biotechnology Co., Ltd and is disclosed in patent document CN 103421710B.
Preparation of lactobacillus casei F-08 microbial inoculum
Inoculating the activated lactobacillus casei F-08 into a 500ml triangular flask filled with 100ml of fermentation medium, standing and culturing at 33 ℃ for 24 hours, and collecting fermentation liquor to obtain lactobacillus casei F-08 seed liquid.
Inoculating lactobacillus casei F-08 seed solution into a 500L fermentation tank filled with 200L fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount of 6% (volume ratio), culturing at 33 ℃ and the stirring speed of 100rpm for 24 hours, collecting all substances (fermentation liquor) obtained by culturing in the fermentation tank, adding rice hull powder, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the lactobacillus casei F-08 microbial inoculum. The content of lactobacillus casei F-08 in the lactobacillus casei F-08 microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g。
Each liter of fermentation medium is prepared according to the following method: 10g glucose, 10g peptone, 1.5g KH2PO4、0.80g MnSO4、1.00g MgSO41.0g of NaCl, and using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, wherein the pH value is 6.5; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
Lactobacillus plantarum LP 6: this bacterium is given by inner Mongolia and American Biotechnology Co., Ltd and is disclosed in patent document CN 107964520A.
Preparation of lactobacillus plantarum LP6 microbial inoculum
Inoculating activated lactobacillus plantarum LP6 into a 500ml triangular flask filled with 100ml fermentation medium, standing at 33 ℃ for 24 hours, and collecting fermentation liquid to obtain lactobacillus plantarum LP6 seed liquid.
Inoculating lactobacillus plantarum LP6 seed solution into a 500L fermentation tank filled with 200L fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount of 6% (volume ratio), culturing at 33 ℃ and the stirring speed of 100rpm for 24 hours, collecting all substances (fermentation liquor) obtained by culturing in the fermentation tank, adding rice hull powder, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain lactobacillus plantarum LP6 microbial inoculum. The content of Lactobacillus plantarum LP6 in the Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g。
Each liter of fermentation medium is prepared according to the following method: 10g glucose, 10g peptone, 1.5g KH2PO4、0.80g MnSO4、1.00g MgSO41.0g of NaCl, and using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, wherein the pH value is 6.5; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20 min.
B, bacillus subtilis preparation: tianjin Bo Fei German technology, Inc., product code 920. The effective component (active component) is Bacillus subtilis with content of more than or equal to 2 × 1010CFU/g。
B, bacillus licheniformis agent: tianjin Bo Fei German technology, Inc., product code 921. The effective component (active component) is Bacillus licheniformis, and the content of Bacillus licheniformis is not less than 1 × 1011CFU/g。
The bacillus natto agent: shandong Junde Biotechnology Ltd, cat number 5598. The effective component (active component) is Bacillus natto with effective viable count not less than 1 × 1011CFU/g。
A saccharomyces cerevisiae agent: angel Yeast, Inc., common names for goods: feeding high-activity dry yeast (special for rumination). The effective component (active component) is Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Saccharomyces cerevisiae content of 2 × 10 or more10CFU/g。
And (3) hybridizing the broussonetia papyrifera powder: and when the stem length of the hybrid paper mulberry is 1-1.2 m, cutting the hybrid paper mulberry with the stem at the last leaf, airing the fresh paper mulberry leaves and the stem in a shade place for 2 days, crushing the fresh paper mulberry leaves and the stem by a pulp grinder, and sieving the crushed paper mulberry leaves and the stem by a 2mm sieve.
In the following examples, the method for detecting the tannin content adopts a spectrophotometric method for measuring tannin in GB/T27985-.
Example 1 application of a fermented feed of a hybrid paper mulberry for ruminants to dairy cows
Preparation of hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants
In the embodiment, three types of fermentation feeds of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for the ruminant are obtained by fermenting the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component by using the compound microbial agent and/or the compound enzyme, and are respectively named as the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminant, the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the bacterium-enzyme independent fermentation ruminant and the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the enzyme independent fermentation ruminant. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of raw material composition containing hybrid paper mulberry as main component
The following raw materials are respectively weighed: 53kg of broussonetia papyrifera powder, 11kg of DDGS, 11kg of cassava residue, 15kg of corn, 8kg of soybean meal and 2kg of molasses are mixed to obtain 100kg of a raw material composition taking the broussonetia papyrifera as a main component, and the tannin content is detected to be 1.1 percent in terms of mass fraction.
2. Preparation and dosage of complex microbial inoculum
The specific preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
mixing a lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus casei F-08 microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus plantarum LP6 microbial inoculum, a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a bacillus natto microbial inoculum and a saccharomyces cerevisiae microbial inoculum to obtain a composite microbial inoculum. The effective components of the composite microbial inoculum comprise lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 1: 4: 12: 0.5, and the ratio is calculated by CFU.
The dosage of the complex microbial inoculum is as follows:
the addition amount of each bacterium in the complex microbial inoculum in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-81X 108CFU, Lactobacillus casei F-081X 108CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP61 × 108CFU and bacillus subtilis 4 x 108CFU and Bacillus licheniformis 4X 108CFU and Bacillus natto of 12 x 108CFU and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 × 107CFU。
3. Preparation and dosage of the complex enzyme:
the specific preparation method of the complex enzyme comprises the following steps:
mixing pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase to obtain the complex enzyme. The active ingredients of the complex enzyme are pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase, and the ratio of the pectinase, the cellulase, the xylanase, the beta-glucanase, the beta-mannase, the acid protease, the neutral protease and the tannase in the complex enzyme is 30: 900: 40: 100: 250: 25 in unit U.
The specific dosage of the complex enzyme is as follows:
the addition amount of each enzyme in the complex enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 300U of pectinase, 300U of cellulase, 9000U of xylanase, 400U of beta-glucanase, 1000U of beta-mannase, 2500U of acid protease, 2500U of neutral protease and 250U of tannase.
4. Preparation of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants
4.1 preparation of fermentation feed of hybrid paper mulberry for ruminant by bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation
Mixing the complex microbial inoculum prepared in the step 2 and the complex enzyme prepared in the step 3 according to the using amount of the complex microbial inoculum in the step 2 and the using amount of the complex enzyme in the step 3, dissolving the mixture in a proper amount of water without fluorine, spraying the mixture into the raw material composition which is prepared in the step 1 and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain a pre-fermented product, enabling the water content of the pre-fermented product to be respectively 30%, 35% and 40%, filling the pre-fermented product into a breathing bag, sealing the breathing bag, and fermenting the pre-fermented product at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 5 days to obtain three fermented products, namely hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant, wherein; a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with the water content of 30% is named as a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 1 for bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants, a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with the water content of 35% is named as a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 2 for bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants, and a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with the water content of 40% is named as a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera.
4.2 fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminant by bacteria alone
And (3) dissolving the compound microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2) in a proper amount of fluorine-free water according to the using amount of the compound microbial inoculum in the step (2), spraying the compound microbial inoculum into the raw material composition which is prepared in the step (1) and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-fermented product, so that the water content of the pre-fermented product is 30%, sealing the pre-fermented product in a breathing bag, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a fermented product, namely the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminants fermented by the bacteria alone.
4.3 fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants with enzyme alone
And (3) dissolving the complex enzyme prepared in the step (3) in a proper amount of fluorine-free water according to the using amount of the complex enzyme in the step (3), spraying the dissolved complex enzyme in the raw material composition which is prepared in the step (1) and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain pre-fermented products, enabling the water content of the pre-fermented products to be respectively 30%, filling the pre-fermented products into breathing bags, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented products, namely the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant with the enzyme independently fermented.
The obtained hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed 1-3 for the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermented ruminant is acid-flavored and wine-flavored, has no bad smell, is light green or yellow green, is loose, soft and non-caking, and is detected to have tannin content, the tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed 1, 2 and 3 for the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermented ruminant is respectively 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.03%, and is respectively reduced by 98.18%, 98.18% and 97.27% compared with the tannin content of a raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component. The tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant fermented by the bacteria and the tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant fermented by the enzyme are respectively 0.8 percent and 0.5 percent, therefore, the tannin content of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the composite microbial agent and the composite enzyme is obviously lower than that of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed only by the composite microbial agent and that of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the enzyme alone by the composite enzyme, and the tannin content is obviously lower than that of a raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, which indicates that the palatability of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants is good, and the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants are selected to perform nutrient component detection (table 1) and perform animal experiments.
TABLE 1 nutrient composition of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminant by bacteria-enzyme synergistic fermentation
Feeding of dairy cows
The feed obtained by adding bacterial enzyme into basic feed in cooperation with fermentation of the feed for the ruminant through the fermentation of the hybrid paper mulberry is used as daily ration to feed the dairy cow. The formula was adjusted according to the nutritional needs of the animals and the reference feeding amounts of cows at different physiological stages are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 reference feeding amounts of cows in different physiological stages
100 high-yield Holstein lactation cows with good health conditions and similar ages, fetal times, lactation amounts and lactation days are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 25 cows. The test I group is a control group and is fed with basic diet, and the group II, the group III and the group IV respectively add 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent of the bacterial enzymes in the table 1 to the basic diet to synergistically ferment the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 1 for the ruminants. The pre-test period was 1 week and the positive test period was 7 weeks. Wherein the basic diet is a total mixed ration of nutritional requirements of the cows in NRC.
The dry matter feed intake, milk yield, somatic cell count in milk and incidence of mastitis of the dairy cows during the pilot period were examined, and as shown in table 3, the cross broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants of the present invention significantly increased the dry matter feed intake and milk yield of the dairy cows, decreased the somatic cell count in milk, and decreased the incidence of mastitis in the dairy cows. In addition, the best effect is achieved when the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant is fermented by the bacterium enzyme in a synergistic manner, wherein the weight of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed accounts for 15% of the weight of the basic diet.
TABLE 3 Effect on cow milk Performance
Note: different letter designations in the same row differ significantly at the level of P0.05.
Therefore, the mixed fermentation feed for the ruminant by adding the bacterial enzyme of the invention into the basic feed in cooperation with fermentation of the hybrid paper mulberry can obviously improve the production performance and milk quality of the dairy cow, reduce the incidence of mastitis and improve the immune function.
Example 2 application of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants to beef cattle
The feed obtained by adding the bacterial enzyme described in example 1 to the basal diet to synergistically ferment the feed for the ruminant with the broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed is taken as daily ration to feed beef cattle. The formula was adjusted according to the nutritional needs of the animals and the reference feed rates for the beef cattle at different physiological stages are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 reference feeding amounts of beef cattle at different physiological stages
60 hybrid cattle which are 14-16 months old, robust and basically consistent in physique development and bred by hybridizing Charolais cattle and local yellow cattle are selected, randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is 20, the test group I is a control group, basic diet is fed, and 10% and 15% of the weight of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 1 for fermenting ruminants in the bacterium enzyme synergy mode in table 1 in the example 1 are added into the basic diet respectively in the groups II and III. Before the test, all the test cattle are subjected to insect expelling, stomach strengthening, epidemic prevention injection, numbering, weighing and registration, and the colony house is disinfected. The pre-test period is 10 days, and the normal test period is 80 days. Wherein the basic diet is a total mixed ration for the nutritional requirements of fattening cattle in NRC.
No adverse condition was found in the test cattle during the feeding trial. The tested cattle have flexible ears and tails, strong appetite, powerful chewing, normal drinking, soft and thin excrement in a layered shape, light yellow urine, and normal health condition and behavior.
The weight of the beef cattle during the pilot period is detected, the daily gain of the beef cattle is calculated, and as shown in table 5, the daily gain (P < 0.05) of the fattening cattle can be remarkably improved by adding the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants into the basic feed.
TABLE 5 Effect on weight gain of fattening cattle
Note: different letter designations in the same column differ significantly at the level of P ═ 0.05.
The detected beef quality, namely the pH value, the shearing force, the cooking loss and the meat color, are shown in table 6, the pH value, the shearing force and the cooking loss of the beef are reduced by the aid of the fermentation feed for the ruminant through the broussonetia papyrifera, the beef is soft, meat tendons and fat meat are few, the beef is easy to digest, the beef is tender, oil flowers in meat blocks are evenly distributed, the beef is fat but not greasy, and the beef quality is obviously improved.
TABLE 6 Effect on beef quality
Therefore, the addition of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants in the basal diet can obviously improve the production performance and meat quality of beef and improve the immune function of the beef.
Example 3 application of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants to mutton sheep
Preparation of hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants
In the embodiment, three types of fermentation feeds of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for the ruminant are obtained by fermenting the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component by using the compound microbial agent and/or the compound enzyme, and are respectively named as the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminant, the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the bacterium-enzyme independent fermentation ruminant and the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermentation feed for the enzyme independent fermentation ruminant. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of raw material composition containing hybrid paper mulberry as main component
The following raw materials are respectively weighed: 45kg of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera powder, 12kg of rice bran meal, 12kg of cassava residue, 19kg of corn, 10kg of bean pulp and 2kg of molasses are mixed to obtain 100kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component, and the tannin content is detected to be 0.9 percent in terms of mass fraction.
2. Preparation and dosage of the complex microbial inoculum:
the specific preparation method of the complex microbial inoculum comprises the following steps:
mixing a lactobacillus plantarum P-8 microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus casei F-08 microbial inoculum, a lactobacillus plantarum LP6 microbial inoculum, a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, a bacillus licheniformis microbial inoculum, a bacillus natto microbial inoculum and a saccharomyces cerevisiae microbial inoculum to obtain a composite microbial inoculum. The effective components of the composite microbial inoculum comprise lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 100: 15: 20: 50, and the ratio is calculated by CFU.
The dosage of the complex microbial inoculum is as follows:
the addition amount of each bacterium in the complex microbial inoculum in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-810 x 109CFU, Lactobacillus casei F-0810 x 109CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP 610X 109CFU, Bacillus subtilis 15X 108CFU, Bacillus licheniformis 15X 108CFU and Bacillus natto of 20 × 108CFU and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 50X 108CFU。
3. Preparation and dosage of the complex enzyme:
the specific preparation method of the complex enzyme comprises the following steps:
mixing pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase to obtain the complex enzyme. The active ingredients of the complex enzyme are pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase, and the ratio of the pectinase, the cellulase, the xylanase, the beta-glucanase, the beta-mannase, the acid protease, the neutral protease and the tannase in the complex enzyme is 6: 180: 8: 20: 50: 5, calculated by unit U.
The specific dosage of the complex enzyme is as follows:
the addition amount of each enzyme in the complex enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 60U of pectinase, 60U of cellulase, 1800U of xylanase, 80U of beta-glucanase, 200U of beta-mannase, 500U of acid protease, 500U of neutral protease and 50U of tannase.
4. Preparation of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants
4.1 preparation of fermentation feed of hybrid paper mulberry for ruminant by bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation
Mixing the composite microbial agent prepared in the step 2 and the complex enzyme prepared in the step 3 according to the using amount of the composite microbial agent in the step 2 and the using amount of the complex enzyme in the step 3, dissolving the mixture in a proper amount of water without fluorine, spraying the mixture into the raw material composition which is prepared in the step 1 and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain a pre-fermented product, enabling the water content of the pre-fermented product to be respectively 30%, 35% and 40%, filling the pre-fermented product into a breathing bag, sealing the breathing bag, and fermenting the pre-fermented product at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 5 days to obtain three fermented products, namely hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant; a mixed broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with a water content of 30% is named as a mixed broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 4 for bacteria-enzyme-co-fermented ruminants, a mixed broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with a water content of 35% is named as a mixed broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 5 for bacteria-enzyme-co-fermented ruminants, and a mixed broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for bacteria-enzyme-co-fermented ruminants obtained from a pre-fermented product with a water content of 40% is named as a mixed bro.
4.2 fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminant by bacteria alone
And (3) dissolving the compound microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2) in a proper amount of fluorine-free water according to the using amount of the compound microbial inoculum in the step (2), spraying the compound microbial inoculum into the raw material composition which is prepared in the step (1) and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a pre-fermented product, so that the water content of the pre-fermented product is 30 percent, sealing the pre-fermented product in a breathing bag, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a fermented product, namely the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminants fermented independently by the bacteria.
4.3 fermentation of Broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants with enzyme alone
And (3) dissolving the complex enzyme prepared in the step (3) in a proper amount of fluorine-free water according to the using amount of the complex enzyme in the step (3), spraying the complex enzyme into the raw material composition which is prepared in the step (1) and takes the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain pre-fermented products, enabling the water content of the pre-fermented products to be respectively 30%, filling the pre-fermented products into breathing bags, sealing, and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain a fermented product, namely the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant with the enzyme independently fermented.
The obtained hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed 4-6 for the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermented ruminant is acid-flavored and wine-flavored, has no bad smell, is light green or yellow green, is loose, soft and free from agglomeration, and is detected in tannin content, wherein the tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed 4, 5 and 6 for the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermented ruminant is 0.02 percent, and is reduced by 97.78 percent compared with the tannin content of a raw material composition which takes paper mulberry as a main component and is not treated. The tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant fermented by the bacteria and the tannin content of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant fermented by the enzyme are respectively 0.6 percent and 0.4 percent, therefore, the tannin content of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the composite microbial agent and the composite enzyme is obviously lower than that of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed only by the composite microbial agent and that of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminants obtained by fermenting the enzyme alone by the composite enzyme, and the tannin content is obviously lower than that of a raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, which indicates that the palatability of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants is good, and the bacteria and enzyme synergistic fermentation ruminants are selected to perform nutrient component detection (Table 7) and perform animal experiments.
TABLE 7 nutrient composition of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for ruminant by fungus enzyme synergistic fermentation
Feeding mutton sheep
The feed obtained by adding bacterial enzyme into basic feed in cooperation with fermentation of the feed for the ruminant through the hybrid paper mulberry is used as daily feed to feed mutton sheep. The formula was adjusted according to the nutritional needs of the animals and the reference feed rates for the mutton sheep at different physiological stages are shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 reference feeding amounts of mutton sheep at different physiological stages
60 Du X cold hybrid F1 generation mutton sheep with similar body weight, month age and body weight were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 sheep (half of male and half of female). Test group I was a control group and fed with basal diet, and groups II, III and IV added 10%, 15% and 20% of their weight of the fungal enzyme of table 7 to the basal diet, respectively, to synergistically ferment the ruminant-use broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed 4. The pre-test period is 7 days, and the normal test period is 150 days. Wherein the basic diet is a total mixed ration required by the NRC for mutton sheep in nutrition.
The weight and daily feed intake of the mutton sheep during the pilot test period are detected, the daily gain and the feed conversion ratio are calculated, the results are shown in table 9, and the daily gain is obviously increased and the feed conversion ratio is obviously reduced in groups II, III and IV compared with group I, which shows that the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant has high reward and good conversion rate, greatly improves the economic benefit of fattening the sheep, reduces the cost and increases the income. In addition, the best effect is achieved when the addition amount of the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminant is 15% of the weight of the basic diet through the synergistic fermentation of the bacterial enzymes.
TABLE 9 Effect on the Productivity of fattening sheep
Note: different letter designations in the same column differ significantly at the level of P ═ 0.05.
Therefore, the addition of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminants in the basic diet can obviously improve the production performance of mutton.
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is possible within the scope of the claims attached below.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of inoculating a composite microbial inoculum and a composite enzyme to a raw material composition taking a hybrid paper mulberry as a main component, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the fermentation product is a hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants;
the active ingredients of the composite microbial inoculum comprise lactobacillus plantarum P-8, lactobacillus casei F-08, lactobacillus plantarum LP6, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the active components of the complex enzyme comprise pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 1-100: 4-15: 12-20: 0.5-50, and the unit CFU is counted;
or the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 1-100: 4-15: 4: 12-20: 0.5-50, and the unit CFU is calculated;
or the ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum P-8, the lactobacillus casei F-08, the lactobacillus plantarum LP6, the bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus natto and the saccharomyces cerevisiae in the composite microbial inoculum is 1: 4: 12: 0.5, calculated by CFU;
and/or the compound enzyme comprises pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in a ratio of 6-36: 180-1080: 8-48: 20-120: 50-300: 5-30 in unit U;
or the compound enzyme comprises pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in a ratio of 6-36: 180-1080: 8-48: 20-120: 50-300: 250: 5-30 in U unit;
or the mixture ratio of pectinase, cellulose, xylanase, beta-glucanase, beta-mannase, acid protease, neutral protease and tannase in the compound enzyme is 30: 900: 40: 100: 250: 25, calculated by unit U;
and/or the raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as the main component contains the hybrid paper mulberry in a weight percentage of 40-60%.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the raw material composition taking the hybrid paper mulberry as the main component consists of 40-60% of hybrid paper mulberry powder, 0-15% of DDGS, 0-15% of rice bran meal, 10-15% of cassava residue, 14-20% of corn, 5-10% of bean pulp and 1-2% of molasses; % is weight percentage;
the addition amount of the complex enzyme is that the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: 60-360U of pectinase, 60-360U of cellulase, 1800-10800U of xylanase, 80-480U of beta-glucanase, 200-1200U of beta-mannase, 500-3000U of acid protease, 500-3000U of neutral protease and 50-300U of tannase;
or the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 60-360U of pectinase, 60-360U of cellulase, 1800-10800U of xylanase, 80-480U of beta-glucanase, 200-1200U of beta-mannase, 500-3000U of acid protease, 2500U of neutral protease and 50-300U of tannase;
or the addition amount of each enzyme in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: 300U of pectinase, 300U of cellulase, 9000U of xylanase, 400U of beta-glucanase, 1000U of beta-mannase, 2500U of acid protease, 2500U of neutral protease and 250U of tannase;
and/or the addition amount of the composite microbial inoculum is that the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and lactobacillus casei F-08 (0.1-10) multiplied by 109CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP6 (0.1-10) x 109CFU, Bacillus subtilis (4-15) x 108CFU, Bacillus licheniformis (4-15) x 108CFU (carbon fiber), bacillus natto (12-20) multiplied by 108CFU and saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5-50) x 108CFU；
Or the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and lactobacillus casei F-08 (0.1-10) multiplied by 109CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP6 (0.1-10) x 109CFU and bacillus subtilis 4 x 108CFUBacillus licheniformis (4-15) x 108CFU (carbon fiber), bacillus natto (12-20) multiplied by 108CFU and saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.5-50) x 108CFU；
Or the addition amount of each bacterium in each kg of raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as the main component is as follows: lactobacillus plantarum P-81X 108CFU, Lactobacillus casei F-081X 108CFU, Lactobacillus plantarum LP61 × 108CFU and bacillus subtilis 4 x 108CFU and Bacillus licheniformis 4X 108CFU and Bacillus natto of 12 x 108CFU and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 × 107CFU；
And/or the tannin content of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera fermented feed for the ruminant is lower than that of the raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component.
4. A fermented feed for a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for ruminants, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The fermented feed of hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for ruminants according to claim 4, wherein: the tannin content in the hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for the ruminants is less than or equal to 0.03%.
6. A kit for preparing the fermentation feed of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera for ruminants according to claim 4, wherein the kit is composed of the complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a complex enzyme and a raw material composition taking the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as a main component.
7. The kit of claim 6 for any one of the following uses:
A1) use of the kit of claim 6 for reducing tannin content in a hybrid paper mulberry;
A2) use of a kit according to claim 6 for reducing the tannin content of a starting composition based on hybrid broussonetia papyrifera according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
A3) use of the kit of claim 6 for shortening the fermentation time of a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera;
A4) use of a kit according to claim 6 for shortening the fermentation time of a starting composition based on a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3.
8. A fermentation feed for a ruminant of a hybrid paper mulberry as claimed in claim 4 or 5, or a kit as claimed in claim 6 for use in U1 or U2 or U3 or U4 as follows:
u1, in improving the production performance of ruminants, or in preparing products for improving the production performance of ruminants;
u2, in improving the milk quality of ruminants, or in preparing products for improving the milk quality of ruminants;
u3, in improving the meat quality of ruminants, or in preparing a product for improving the meat quality of ruminants;
u4, and application thereof in improving the immune function of ruminants or application thereof in preparing products for improving the immune function of ruminants.
9. A feeding method for ruminants, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: feeding a ruminant with a feed obtained by adding 5 to 25% by weight of the basic feed to the basic feed, based on the weight of the basic feed, of the feed for fermenting a hybrid paper mulberry for a ruminant according to claim 4 or 5 as a ration.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or the feed for ruminant fermentation according to claim 4 or 5, or the kit according to claim 6, or the use according to claim 7 or 8, or the feeding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the ruminant is a cattle or a sheep.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910737793.8A CN112335788A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910737793.8A CN112335788A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112335788A true CN112335788A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
Family
ID=74367779
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910737793.8A Pending CN112335788A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112335788A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113519706A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Economical total mixed ration for dairy goats |
| CN114601045A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-10 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed suitable for lactating ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN114601044A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-10 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN115606682A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-01-17 | 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Sea-buckthorn pomace biological feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN115843939A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江大学 | Fermented feed for improving production performance of Taihe black-bone chicken and egg quality of Taihe black-bone chicken and application of fermented feed |
| CN116849292A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-10 | 广州播恩维生素有限公司 | Fermented feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5612055A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1997-03-18 | Genecor International, Inc. | Enzyme feed additive and animal feed |
| CN106173295A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 南宁学院 | A kind of ruminant feed made with Broussonetia papyrifera and preparation method thereof |
| CN107549494A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-09 | 江西英泰瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fermentation pig feed and its preparation technology using feed with paper-mulberry leaf as major ingredient |
| CN109156636A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-08 | 河池学院 | A kind of hybridization paper mulberry antibiotic-free ensilage and preparation method thereof for the black earth pig that is pregnant |
| CN109536416A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 南昌大学 | It is a kind of degrade feed with paper-mulberry leaf tannin silage inoculants bacteria preparation and its application method |
-
2019
- 2019-08-09 CN CN201910737793.8A patent/CN112335788A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5612055A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1997-03-18 | Genecor International, Inc. | Enzyme feed additive and animal feed |
| CN106173295A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 南宁学院 | A kind of ruminant feed made with Broussonetia papyrifera and preparation method thereof |
| CN107549494A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-09 | 江西英泰瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fermentation pig feed and its preparation technology using feed with paper-mulberry leaf as major ingredient |
| CN109156636A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-08 | 河池学院 | A kind of hybridization paper mulberry antibiotic-free ensilage and preparation method thereof for the black earth pig that is pregnant |
| CN109536416A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 南昌大学 | It is a kind of degrade feed with paper-mulberry leaf tannin silage inoculants bacteria preparation and its application method |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113519706A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Economical total mixed ration for dairy goats |
| CN114601044A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-10 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN114601044B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-06-27 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed suitable for fattening ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN114601045A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-10 | 北京九州大地生物技术集团股份有限公司 | Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed suitable for lactating ruminants and preparation method thereof |
| CN115843939A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-28 | 浙江大学 | Fermented feed for improving production performance of Taihe black-bone chicken and egg quality of Taihe black-bone chicken and application of fermented feed |
| CN115606682A (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-01-17 | 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Sea-buckthorn pomace biological feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN116849292A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-10 | 广州播恩维生素有限公司 | Fermented feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116849292B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2024-06-11 | 广州播恩维生素有限公司 | Fermented feed additive and preparation method and application thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112335788A (en) | Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN108041289B (en) | Silage additive special for paper mulberry and application thereof | |
| CN101253934B (en) | Composite microorganism additive agent for milk cattle feed stuff and method of preparing the same | |
| CN108330080B (en) | Feed silage agent containing lactobacillus buchneri and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN110122658A (en) | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe and its preparation method and application | |
| CN102696860B (en) | Highly efficient and low-cost microbiological feed proteins based on vinegar residue and miscellaneous meal | |
| CN110679728A (en) | Preparation method and application of fermented rice bran feed | |
| CN105918615B (en) | Large-scale production method of rice and wheat straw microbial feed | |
| CN109536416A (en) | It is a kind of degrade feed with paper-mulberry leaf tannin silage inoculants bacteria preparation and its application method | |
| CN106333060A (en) | Microbial fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN107047987B (en) | Compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep and application thereof | |
| CN105614107A (en) | Feed additive capable of improving production performance of growing pigs and lowering diarrhea rate | |
| CN108142728A (en) | Fish fermented feed and its preparation method and application | |
| CN110800870A (en) | Preparation method of high-quality silage broussonetia papyrifera feed | |
| CN106720997A (en) | A kind of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation cooperates with whole-plant Corn Silage new technology | |
| CN113273645B (en) | Silage method of mulberry green feed | |
| CN111328923A (en) | Biological composite straw pellet feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109864180A (en) | A kind of novel nonreactive powder adds grain shape groove feed for pigling and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112640993A (en) | Fermented feed containing hybrid paper mulberry, and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN105707478A (en) | Composite probiotic culture and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112806498A (en) | Laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114698726B (en) | Low-toxin high-nutrition rapeseed meal, method for degrading toxins of rapeseed meal through segmented fermentation and application | |
| CN111387341A (en) | Method for processing wangcao and bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation composition thereof | |
| CN103478502B (en) | Pig fattening biological complete feed taking persimmons as base materials and production process thereof | |
| CN113508872A (en) | Biological pretreatment method for palm meal raw material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210209 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |