CN114601044A - Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the field of feeds, and aims to solve the problem of low conversion rate when the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed is applied to the ruminants. The preparation method of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants comprises the following steps: preparing basic bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed; centrifuging the waste alcoholic liquor to obtain centrifugate and solid residue; preparing the centrifugate, the compound amino acid solution and the peach gum into a core layer material; preparing the solid residue and the walnut shell powder into an intermediate layer material; after the middle layer material is attached to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution, and drying to obtain rumen bypass feed; and mixing the basic bacteria enzyme synergistic fermented feed and rumen bypass feed according to a weight ratio to obtain a target product. The feed effectively utilizes the waste alcohol lees liquid, reduces the pollution or resource waste of the waste alcohol lees liquid to the environment, and also improves the conversion rate of the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed when being applied to ruminants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, in particular to a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The life cycle of ruminants is mainly divided into two phases, namely a growth phase and a fattening phase, wherein the two phases have different nutrient supply requirements. The fattening stage is a key period for improving the meat quality of the ruminants, so that sufficient feed should be provided and the ruminants should eat the feed freely to promote the muscle growth of the ruminants in the fattening stage.
Unlike monogastric mammals, ruminants have four stomachs, the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. Among them, many kinds of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, anaerobic fungi, etc. inhabit the rumen. Therefore, the rumen of the ruminant can be regarded as a fermentation tank, and can also decompose and utilize sugar, protein, fat and the like, thereby further promoting the ruminant to absorb and utilize substances which are difficult to degrade in the feed, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like. Therefore, when preparing the feed for the ruminant, the nutritional requirements of the ruminant need to be paid attention to, and the nutritional requirements of microorganisms in the rumen of the ruminant also need to be considered.
At present, in order to promote the growth of ruminants, the feed for ruminants is generally prepared by fermenting concentrated feed (such as corn, wheat, beans and the like) and coarse feed (such as pasture, crop straw, vinasse and the like) in a bacterium-enzyme synergistic manner, and can be referred to as bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed for short. The fermented feed with the bacterial enzyme can degrade some macromolecular nutrient substances into small molecular nutrient substances which are easy to digest and absorb, and meanwhile, some flavor substances are generated in the fermentation process, so that the palatability of the feed is improved.
However, due to the special digestion mechanism of the ruminant, after entering the rumen of the ruminant, the small molecular nutrient substances are easily and directly decomposed and utilized by microorganisms in the rumen, so that part of the small molecular nutrient substances cannot be absorbed through the small intestine of the ruminant, and the problem of low conversion rate exists when the microbial enzyme synergistic fermented feed is applied to the ruminant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low conversion rate when the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed is applied to ruminants, the application provides a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed suitable for fattening ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed for fattening ruminants, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195-plus 205 parts by weight of corn, 295-plus 300 parts by weight of bran, 45-50 parts by weight of soybean meal, 40-45 parts by weight of cottonseed meal, 85-95 parts by weight of alfalfa hay and 80-90 parts by weight of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50 +/-2% to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s3, adding a microecological preparation and an enzyme preparation into the fermentation substrate, wherein the addition amount of the microecological preparation is 2-5% of the total weight of the mixture, and the addition amount of the enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% of the total weight of the mixture; sealing, and culturing at 40 + -2 deg.C for 36-48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding a compound amino acid aqueous solution into 500 parts by weight of the centrifugate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; the weight ratio of the compound amino acid aqueous solution to the centrifugate is (2-3): 1, in the compound amino acid aqueous solution, the weight ratio of the compound amino acid to water is (15-25): 100, respectively;
s6, adding 15-20 parts by weight of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into the mixed solution, and soaking for 3-4 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s7, taking 30-40 parts by weight of the solid slag, adding 80-100 parts by weight of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s8, attaching the middle layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the middle layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed;
s9, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed and the rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio (8-10) to 1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants.
By adopting the technical scheme, corn, bran, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, alfalfa hay and DDGS are used as fermentation raw materials, and the basic bacterium enzyme obtained by adding the microecological preparation and the enzyme preparation for fermentation is used for synergistically fermenting the feed, so that the feed is balanced in nutrition and easy to absorb, and is suitable for the ruminants in the fattening stage. Centrifuging waste alcoholic liquor taking corn as a raw material to obtain solid residue and a centrifugate; preparing a core layer material by adopting a centrifugate, a compound amino acid solution and peach gum, preparing an intermediate layer material by adopting solid residues and walnut shell powder, attaching the intermediate layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, and spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution on the outer side of the intermediate layer material to prepare the rumen-bypass feed; and finally, mixing the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed and the rumen-bypass feed in proportion to prepare the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening the ruminants, wherein the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed has higher conversion rate when being applied to the ruminants.
The waste alcoholic stillage liquid contains complex components, does not contain metal elements and toxic substances, and contains abundant and available nutrient substances, such as residual carbohydrates and proteins in fermentation. At present, in the related technology, the waste alcoholic stillage liquid is directly evaporated to prepare the high-protein feed, but the direct evaporation investment is large and the energy consumption is large. The rumen bypass feed effectively utilizes the waste alcohol dreg liquid, can solve the problem of high treatment cost of the waste alcohol dreg liquid, and can improve the conversion rate of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed when being applied to ruminants.
When preparing the rumen bypass feed core material, the compound amino acid solution is added into the centrifugate, which is beneficial to reducing the viscosity of the centrifugate and promoting the absorption of peach gum to the mixed solution; secondly, the nutritional performance of the rumen bypass feed can be improved by adding the compound amino acid; in addition, peach gum is adopted to absorb the mixed liquid, and because the main component of the peach gum is polysaccharide, the peach gum can be digested and absorbed by microorganisms in rumen.
When preparing the rumen bypass feed intermediate layer material, the mixture of the solid residue and the walnut shell powder is utilized. On one hand, the main components of the walnut shells are cellulose, hemicellulose and the like, the cellulose and the hemicellulose have low degradation speed, so that the nutrient components entering the peach gum and easy to degrade are protected, the degradation of the nutrient components in the peach gum by microorganisms in rumen is delayed, the nutrient components in the peach gum can be absorbed by ruminants, and the weight increment of the ruminants is promoted; meanwhile, the product of the degraded walnut shells can also provide energy for the ruminant and promote the growth of the ruminant. On the other hand, the solid slag has viscosity, can improve the viscosity effect among walnut shell powder, and is favorable for reducing the possibility of direct falling of a middle layer material, thereby effectively delaying the degradation of microorganisms in the rumen to nutrient components in the peach gum and being favorable for improving the conversion rate of the feed.
In addition, a protective film is formed on the outer side of the intermediate layer material by adopting the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution, and the protective layer formed by the intermediate layer material is uneven, so that the combination stability between the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose protective film and the intermediate layer material is improved, and the protective film is not easy to fall off. The microorganisms in the rumen degrade the protective film and the protective layer, and then can utilize easily degradable nutrient components absorbed by the peach gum. Therefore, easily degradable nutrient components in the peach gum are temporarily protected and can be finally absorbed and utilized by ruminants, so that the utilization efficiency of the feed is effectively improved.
Optionally, in the step S4, before performing solid-liquid separation on the waste alcoholic liquor, adding 8 to 10 parts by weight of plant ash and 20 to 30 parts by weight of orange peel essential oil to the waste alcoholic liquor, stirring uniformly, standing for 4.5 to 5.5 hours, and then performing solid-liquid separation on the waste alcoholic liquor.
By adopting the technical scheme, the plant ash can adjust the pH value of the waste alcohol vinasse liquid, and can also act together with the orange peel essential oil to kill mixed bacteria breeding in the storage process of the waste alcohol vinasse liquid, so that the self-degradation of nutrient components in the rumen-bypass feed is reduced, and the conversion rate of the feed is further improved. In addition, the addition of the plant ash and the orange peel essential oil can also promote the solid-liquid separation of the waste alcohol vinasse liquid.
Optionally, the preparation method of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution in the step S8 is as follows:
adding 1-3 parts by weight of triterpenoid saponin into 1000 parts by weight of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a diluent;
and adding 20-30 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose into the diluent, and stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution.
By adopting the technical scheme, the triterpene saponin is added, so that the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose protective film has certain elasticity, and the rumen-bypass feed can bear long-term stacking pressure without damage. Under the condition, in the long-term stacking process of the rumen bypass feed, the outer carboxypropyl methyl cellulose protective layer and the middle layer material of the rumen bypass feed are not easy to fall off from the core layer material, so that the rumen bypass feed can keep rumen bypass performance.
Optionally, the thickness of the protective film in the step S8 is 0.03 to 0.05mm, and preferably, the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the thickness of the protective film is too low, so that the nutrient components in the peach gum are not favorably and effectively protected from being degraded by microorganisms in rumens; the thickness of the protective film is too thick, so that the time consumption for degrading the protective film by microorganisms in the rumen is long, and the absorption of the nutrient components in the peach gum by ruminants is not facilitated.
Optionally, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the step S2 includes: adding 15-20 parts by weight of glucose into 1000 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5-5.5 to obtain the nutrient solution.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient solution adopts the aqueous solution of glucose, which is beneficial to promoting the growth and the propagation of microorganisms in the rumen to a certain extent and promoting the fermentation; in addition, when the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5-5.5, the growth of probiotics is facilitated, and the prepared basic bacterium enzyme synergistic fermented feed has good palatability.
Optionally, the microecological preparation in the step S3 includes saccharomyces cerevisiae and monascus, and the weight ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the monascus is (1.5-2) in terms of viable count: 1.
by adopting the technical scheme, when the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the monascus are used for fermenting the corn, the bran, the bean pulp, the cottonseed meal, the alfalfa hay and the DDGS together according to a specific proportion, rich nutrient substances can be generated, and meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is favorably improved.
Optionally, the enzyme preparation in the step S3 includes cellulase and neutral protease, and the weight ratio of the cellulase to the neutral protease is (3.5-4.5): 1.
by adopting the technical scheme, the cellulose can be used for generating glucose by the cellulose, the neutral protease can be used for hydrolyzing macromolecular protein into micromolecular peptide or amino acid, and the cellulase and the neutral protease act together to be beneficial to promoting the ruminant to effectively absorb and utilize protein and energy.
Optionally, the compound amino acid in the step S5 includes methionine and lysine, and the weight ratio of methionine to lysine is 1: (5-10).
By adopting the technical scheme, the methionine and the lysine are limiting amino acids for weight increment of the ruminant, and are protected by the middle layer material prepared from the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose protective film, the solid residues and the walnut shell powder, so that the degradation of the methionine and the lysine by microorganisms in the rumen is delayed, the methionine and the lysine in the peach gum can be absorbed by the ruminant, and the weight increment of the ruminant is promoted.
Optionally, the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening the ruminants in the step S9 is further mixed with 180-200 parts by weight of medical stone powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the medical stone powder is a mineral substance, contains most mineral elements required by animals, and is beneficial to the animals to maintain normal metabolic activity.
In a second aspect, the application provides a bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which is prepared by any one of the methods, effectively utilizes the waste alcoholic fermentation liquor, can solve the problem of high treatment cost of the waste alcoholic fermentation liquor, and can improve the conversion rate of the bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed when being applied to the ruminants.
In summary, the present application at least includes the following beneficial effects:
(1) the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening the ruminants effectively utilizes the waste alcohol dreg liquid, can solve the problem of high treatment cost of the waste alcohol dreg liquid, and can improve the conversion rate of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed when being applied to the ruminants.
(2) According to the application, the middle layer material prepared from the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose protective film, the solid residues and the walnut shell powder is used for protecting easily degradable micromolecular nutrients in the peach gum, so that the degradation of the easily degradable micromolecular nutrients in the peach gum by microorganisms in the rumen is delayed, the easily degradable micromolecular nutrients in the peach gum can reach the small intestine of a ruminant and can be absorbed by the ruminant, the conversion rate of feed is improved, and the weight gain of the ruminant is promoted.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
The materials used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Examples
Example 1
A bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195kg of corn, 300kg of bran, 45kg of soybean meal, 45kg of cottonseed meal, 85kg of alfalfa hay and 90kg of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 48% to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding 15kg of glucose into 1000kg of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5 to obtain a nutrient solution;
s3, adding 9.12kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.08kg of monascus, 3.11kg of cellulase and 0.69kg of neutral protease into a fermentation substrate; sealing, and culturing at 38 deg.C for 48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is 8% to obtain the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding the compound amino acid aqueous solution into 500kg of the centrifugate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the weight ratio of the composite amino acid aqueous solution to the centrifugate is 2: 1, the compound amino acid aqueous solution in the embodiment is prepared from 2.5kg of methionine, 12.5kg of lysine and 100kg of water;
s6, adding 15kg of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into the mixed solution, and soaking for 3 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s7, taking 40kg of solid slag, adding 80kg of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s8, attaching the intermediate layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the intermediate layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed; wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is prepared by dissolving 25kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in 1000kg of water, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm;
s9, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed with a rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants.
Example 2
A bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 205kg of corn, 295kg of bran, 50kg of soybean meal, 40kg of cottonseed meal, 95kg of alfalfa hay and 80kg of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 52% to obtain a fermentation substrate; wherein, 18kg of glucose is added into 1000kg of water, and after stirring and dissolving, the pH value is adjusted to 5.5 to obtain nutrient solution;
s3, adding 25.33kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 12.67kg of monascus, 0.59kg of cellulase and 0.17kg of neutral protease into the fermentation substrate; then sealing and culturing at the constant temperature of 42 ℃ for 36 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is 8% to obtain the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding the compound amino acid aqueous solution into 500kg of the centrifugate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the weight ratio of the composite amino acid aqueous solution to the centrifugate is 3: 1, the compound amino acid aqueous solution in the embodiment is prepared from 2.27kg of methionine, 22.73kg of lysine and 100kg of water;
s6, adding 20kg of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into the mixed solution, and soaking for 4 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s7, taking 30kg of solid slag, adding 100kg of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s8, attaching the intermediate layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the intermediate layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed; wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is prepared by dissolving 25kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in 1000kg of water, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm;
s9, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed with a rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio of 10:1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants.
Example 3
A bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which differs from example 1 in that:
in the step S4, before solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste alcoholic liquor, 9kg of plant ash and 25kg of water are added into the waste alcoholic liquor, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is kept stand for 4 hours, and then the waste alcoholic liquor is subjected to centrifugal treatment to obtain centrifugate and solid residues.
Example 4
A bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which differs from example 1 in that:
in the step S4, before solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste alcoholic liquor, 9kg of water and 25kg of orange peel essential oil are added into the waste alcoholic liquor, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is kept stand for 4 hours, and then the waste alcoholic liquor is subjected to centrifugal treatment to obtain centrifugate and solid residues.
Example 5
A bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which differs from example 1 in that:
in the step S4, before solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste alcoholic liquor, 9kg of plant ash and 25kg of orange peel essential oil are added into the waste alcoholic liquor, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is kept stand for 4 hours, and then the waste alcoholic liquor is subjected to centrifugal treatment to obtain centrifugate and solid residues.
Example 6
A bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which differs from example 1 in that:
in the step S8, the preparation method of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is:
adding 2kg of triterpenoid saponin into 1000kg of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a diluent;
to the diluted solution, 25kg of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was added, and the mixture was uniformly stirred and dissolved to obtain a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose solution.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
A bacterial enzyme co-fermented feed for ruminants, which differs from example 1 in that: all are basic bacteria and enzymes to synergistically ferment the feed.
Comparative example 2
A bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195kg of corn, 300kg of bran, 45kg of soybean meal, 45kg of cottonseed meal, 85kg of alfalfa hay and 90kg of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 48% to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding 15kg of glucose into 1000kg of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5 to obtain a nutrient solution;
s3, adding 9.12kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.08kg of monascus, 3.11kg of cellulase and 0.69kg of neutral protease into a fermentation substrate; sealing, and culturing at 38 deg.C for 48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is 8% to obtain the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, replacing the mixed solution in the embodiment 1 with 1500kg of compound amino acid aqueous solution, adding 15kg of peach gum with the grain diameter range of 1-5 microns into the compound amino acid aqueous solution, and soaking for 3 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s5, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s6, taking 40kg of solid slag, adding 80kg of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s7, attaching the middle layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the middle layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed; wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is prepared by dissolving 25kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in 1000kg of water, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm;
s8, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed with a rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for the ruminant.
Comparative example 3
A bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195kg of corn, 300kg of bran, 45kg of soybean meal, 45kg of cottonseed meal, 85kg of alfalfa hay and 90kg of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 48% to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding 15kg of glucose into 1000kg of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5 to obtain a nutrient solution;
s3, adding 9.12kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.08kg of monascus, 3.11kg of cellulase and 0.69kg of neutral protease into a fermentation substrate; sealing, and culturing at 38 deg.C for 48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is 8% to obtain the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding 15kg of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into 1500kg of centrifugal liquid, and soaking for 3h to obtain a core layer material;
s6, taking 40kg of solid slag, adding 80kg of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s7, attaching the middle layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the middle layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed; wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is prepared by dissolving 25kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in 1000kg of water, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm;
s8, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed with a rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for the ruminant.
Comparative example 4
A bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for ruminants is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195kg of corn, 300kg of bran, 45kg of soybean meal, 45kg of cottonseed meal, 85kg of alfalfa hay and 90kg of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 48% to obtain a fermentation substrate; adding 15kg of glucose into 1000kg of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5 to obtain a nutrient solution;
s3, adding 9.12kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 6.08kg of monascus, 3.11kg of cellulase and 0.69kg of neutral protease into a fermentation substrate; sealing, and culturing at 38 deg.C for 48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is 8% to obtain the basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding the compound amino acid aqueous solution into 500kg of the centrifugate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the weight ratio of the composite amino acid aqueous solution to the centrifugate is 2: 1, the compound amino acid aqueous solution in the embodiment is prepared from 2.5kg of methionine, 12.5kg of lysine and 100kg of water;
s6, adding 15kg of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into the mixed solution, and soaking for 3 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s7, uniformly attaching 120kg of walnut shell powder to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution on the outer side of the walnut shell powder to form a protective film, and drying to obtain rumen-bypass feed; wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is prepared by dissolving 25kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in 1000kg of water, and the thickness of the protective film is 0.04 mm;
s8, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed with a rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed for the ruminant.
Design of experiments
(1) 200 healthy siemens ta beef cows with the weight of 300 plus or minus 5kg are selected and randomly divided into 10 groups of 20 cows, wherein the 1 st to 6 th groups are fed with the feed of the examples 1 to 6 respectively, the 7 th to 10 th groups are fed with the feed of the comparative examples 1 to 4 respectively, and the test period is 90 days. Weighing each cow before testing, weighing each cow after 3 months, and calculating the average daily gain of each group of cows; and simultaneously, recording the total amount of the feed consumed by each group of cattle every day, and recording the average daily feed intake of each group of cattle after the test is finished, so as to calculate the feed weight ratio according to the average daily feed intake and the average daily gain, wherein the feed weight ratio is the ratio of the average daily feed intake to the average daily gain. Wherein, the lower the feed weight ratio, the higher the feed conversion rate is represented. See table 1 for specific data.
(2) The rumen bypass feed prepared in example 1 and example 6 was stacked and placed in a feed tower for 90 days, and the feed for rumen bypass prepared in example 1 and example 6 was tested for the powder content before stacking and after stacking, and the specific data are shown in table 2.
Record of test data
TABLE 1 test data record Table
| Test group | Average daily food intake/kg | Average daily gain/g | Material to weight ratio |
| Example 1 | 13.59 | 1214 | 11.19 |
| Example 2 | 13.86 | 1250 | 11.09 |
| Example 3 | 13.66 | 1233 | 11.08 |
| Example 4 | 13.72 | 1245 | 11.02 |
| Example 5 | 13.19 | 1340 | 9.84 |
| Example 6 | 13.89 | 1259 | 11.03 |
| Comparative example 1 | 13.52 | 810 | 16.69 |
| Comparative example 2 | 13.64 | 924 | 14.76 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13.49 | 872 | 15.47 |
| Comparative example 4 | 13.45 | 883 | 15.23 |
Table 2 rumen bypass feed performance test in examples 1 and 6
| Test group | Powder content before piling | Powder content after stacking |
| Example 1 | 1.13% | 12.87% |
| Example 6 | 1.04% | 1.92% |
According to the example 1 and the comparative example 1 and the data in the table 1, the feed in the comparative example 1 is all the basic bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed, and compared with the example 1, the conversion rate of the bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermented feed which is mixed with the rumen bypass feed and is suitable for fattening the ruminants is greatly improved in the example 1. The reason may be that the nutrient components in the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed are mostly further decomposed by microorganisms in the rumen of the ruminant, and the absorption of the ruminant is reduced, so that the conversion rate of the feed is reduced.
According to the data in table 1 combined with the example 1 and the comparative example 2, the conversion rate of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is obviously reduced by directly absorbing the composite amino acid solution by using the peach gum in the comparative example 2. The reason may be that the nutrient content in the centrifugate is more diverse and more beneficial to promote the growth of ruminants.
According to the data in the table 1 combined with the data in the example 1 and the comparative example 3, the conversion rate of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is greatly reduced by directly absorbing the centrifugate by using the peach gum in the comparative example 3. The reason may be that the viscosity of the centrate is still high, resulting in an increased difficulty of the centrate entering the peach gum.
According to the data in the table 1 and the comparative example 4, the conversion rate of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is greatly reduced when the comparative example 4 only adopts walnut shell powder as the interlayer material. The reason may be that when the single walnut shell powder is used as the interlayer material, the bonding force between the walnut shell powder and the peach gum is poor, and the walnut shell powder and the peach gum are easy to fall off, so that the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose film is easy to fall off, and nutrient components which are easy to degrade in the peach gum are exposed in the rumen of the ruminant before reaching the small intestine of the ruminant and are further decomposed by microorganisms in the rumen, so that the conversion rate of the feed is reduced.
According to the examples 1 and 3-5 and the data in the table 1, it can be known that the conversion rate of the feed is not changed greatly by adding the plant ash into the waste alcohol vinasse liquid or adding the orange peel essential oil into the waste alcohol vinasse liquid; meanwhile, the plant ash and the orange peel essential oil are added into the waste alcohol vinasse liquid, so that the conversion rate of the feed is obviously improved. The reason may be that the plant ash and the orange peel essential oil act together to kill the mixed bacteria breeding in the storage process of the waste alcoholic liquor, so that the self-degradation of the nutrient components in the rumen-bypass feed is reduced, and the conversion rate of the feed is improved.
According to the data in the table 1 combined with the data in the example 1 and the example 6, the average daily gain and the average daily feeding to feed ratio of the beef cattle are not changed greatly when the triterpene saponin is added into the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution, which shows that the triterpene saponin addition does not affect the feeding and the weight gain of the beef cattle on the feed and has little influence on the feed conversion rate.
According to the data in the example 1 and the example 6 and the data in the table 2, it is known that the addition of triterpene saponin to the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution is beneficial to reducing the stacking pulverization of the rumen-bypass feed, namely, improving the pressure resistance of the rumen-bypass feed, probably because the addition of triterpene saponin can enable the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose protective film to have certain elasticity and is beneficial to improving the pressure resistance of the rumen-bypass feed. In other words, during long-term stacking of the rumen bypass feed, the outer carboxypropylmethyl cellulose protective layer and the middle layer material of the rumen bypass feed are not easy to fall off from the core layer material, so that the rumen bypass feed can keep rumen bypass performance.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing 195-weight parts of corn, 295-weight parts of bran, 45-50 weight parts of soybean meal, 40-45 weight parts of cottonseed meal, 85-95 weight parts of alfalfa hay and 80-90 weight parts of DDGS to obtain a mixture;
s2, adding nutrient solution into the mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50 +/-2% to obtain a fermentation substrate;
s3, adding a microecological preparation and an enzyme preparation into the fermentation substrate, wherein the addition amount of the microecological preparation is 2-5% of the total weight of the mixture, and the addition amount of the enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% of the total weight of the mixture; sealing, and culturing at 40 + -2 deg.C for 36-48 h; after the fermentation is finished, drying the fermented substance at 48 +/-2 ℃ until the water content is lower than 12% to obtain basic bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermented feed;
s4, centrifuging the waste alcohol dreg liquid which takes corn as a raw material to obtain a centrifugal liquid and solid dregs;
s5, adding a compound amino acid aqueous solution into 500 parts by weight of the centrifugate, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; the weight ratio of the compound amino acid aqueous solution to the centrifugate is (2-3): 1, in the compound amino acid aqueous solution, the weight ratio of the compound amino acid to water is (15-25): 100, respectively;
s6, adding 15-20 parts by weight of peach gum with the particle size range of 1-5 microns into the mixed solution, and soaking for 3-4 hours to obtain a core layer material;
s7, taking 30-40 parts by weight of the solid slag, adding 80-100 parts by weight of walnut shell powder into the solid slag, and grinding uniformly to obtain an intermediate layer material;
s8, attaching the middle layer material to the outer side of the core layer material, spraying a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution outside the middle layer material to form a protective film, and drying to obtain the rumen bypass feed;
s9, mixing the basic bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed and the rumen bypass feed according to the weight ratio (8-10) to 1 to obtain the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants.
2. The method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: in the step S4, before the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste alcohol vinasse liquid, 8-10 parts by weight of plant ash and 20-30 parts by weight of orange peel essential oil are added into the waste alcohol vinasse liquid, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is kept stand for 4.5-5.5 hours, and then the solid-liquid separation is carried out on the waste alcohol vinasse liquid.
3. The method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution in the step S8 comprises the following steps:
adding 1-3 parts by weight of triterpenoid saponin into 1000 parts by weight of water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a diluent;
and adding 20-30 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose into the diluent, and stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose solution.
4. The method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the thickness of the protective film in the step S8 is 0.03 to 0.05 mm.
5. The method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the nutrient solution in the step S2 is as follows: adding 15-20 parts by weight of glucose into 1000 parts by weight of water, stirring and dissolving, and adjusting the pH value to 5-5.5 to obtain the nutrient solution.
6. The method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the microecological preparation in the step S3 comprises saccharomyces cerevisiae and monascus, and the weight ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the monascus is (1.5-2) according to the viable count: 1.
7. the method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the enzyme preparation in the step S3 comprises cellulase and neutral protease, wherein the weight ratio of the cellulase to the neutral protease is (3.5-4.5): 1.
8. the method for preparing a fermented feed with bacterial enzymes and suitable for fattening ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the compound amino acid in the step S5 comprises methionine and lysine, and the weight ratio of methionine to lysine is 1: (5-10).
9. The method for preparing a fermented feed with a fungal and enzyme synergy suitable for fattening ruminants according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed suitable for fattening the ruminants in the step S9 is also mixed with 200 parts by weight of medical stone powder 180.
10. A bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants, which is prepared by the preparation method of the bacterial-enzyme co-fermented feed suitable for fattening ruminants according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| US5709894A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-20 | Biovance Nebraska | Feed additive for ruminant animals and a method for feeding a ruminant |
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| CN112335788A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-09 | 博益德（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Hybrid paper mulberry fermented feed for ruminants and preparation method and application thereof |
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