CN113796455A - Process for producing feed by using crop straws - Google Patents
Process for producing feed by using crop straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN113796455A CN113796455A CN202111125086.7A CN202111125086A CN113796455A CN 113796455 A CN113796455 A CN 113796455A CN 202111125086 A CN202111125086 A CN 202111125086A CN 113796455 A CN113796455 A CN 113796455A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000193764 Brevibacillus brevis Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000186673 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000028774 intestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N odevixibat Chemical compound C12=CC(SC)=C(OCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC)C(O)=O)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C=C2S(=O)(=O)NC(CCCC)(CCCC)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XULSCZPZVQIMFM-IPZQJPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a process for producing feed by using crop straws, and belongs to the technical field of biological feed. The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps: s1: crushing the straws; s2: soaking and acidifying the crushed straw by using dilute sulfuric acid; s3: adding strong ammonia water into the acidified material to treat to obtain an aminated material, and adding cellulase into the aminated material to hydrolyze for 3-4d to obtain an enzymolysis material; s4: preparing mixed bacterial liquid; s5: inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid for 24 hours, and diluting in a multiple ratio to obtain purified mixed bacterial liquid; s6: inoculating the aerobic mixed bacterial liquid into the enzymolysis material to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the anaerobic mixed bacterial liquid into the fermentation material A, and then performing packaging culture to obtain a fermentation material B; s7: and adding sterile water into the fermentation material B for fermentation, and drying to obtain the feed. The invention leads the fiber structure of the straws of the crops to be destroyed after the steps of acidification, ammoniation and fiber enzymolysis, leads the cellulose to be further degraded after the cellulose enzymolysis, and reduces the crude fiber content of the straw feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed production, and particularly relates to a process for producing feed by using crop straws.
Background
The corn stalk contains the main nutrient components of 0.5-1% of fat content, 2-4% of protein content and more than 30% of carbohydrate. After the corn is harvested, a large amount of water in the straws is lost, so that cells die gradually, and nutrient substances in the straws are changed greatly, such as cell walls are thickened, crude fibers are increased, lignin is increased, and if the straws are directly taken to feed monogastric animals at the time, the nutrient substances in the straws are difficult to absorb, so that the corn straws are made into high-quality feed which is easy to digest, rich in nutrition and beneficial to livestock growth, and the problem to be solved is solved. While solving the problem, people need to know the growth condition of the microbial additives added in the preparation process in the feed and the change rule of the microbial additives in the fermentation process so as to better provide a theoretical basis for producing high-quality feed.
The microbial fermented feed utilizes the metabolism of microbes to degrade part of macromolecular metabolites in crop wastes under the condition that people can control the microbial fermented feed, so that micromolecular substances such as organic acid are generated to improve some physicochemical properties of the biological feed, and the effects of rich nutrition and high probiotic content are achieved. After the corn straws are fermented, the nutrient components can be improved, the taste is better, the feed intake of animals can be improved, and the immunity of the animals can be enhanced by some microbial feed additives such as lactic acid bacteria, so that intestinal diseases can be prevented. The microbial fermented biological feed has the beneficial effects that the content and the activity of probiotics in the microbial fermented biological feed are usually in a higher level, when the feed is eaten by animals and enters animal intestines, a large amount of abundant probiotics metabolites exist, the balance of the intestinal flora can be adjusted, the immune health-care effect can be realized, the addition proportion of the probiotics does not need to be large, and the situation has practical significance for relieving the phenomenon that the price of feed raw materials rises at present.
Chinese patent document ZL201110076215.8 discloses a preparation method of straw feed, which comprises two steps of aerobic fermentation and one step of anaerobic fermentation; the method comprises the following steps: crushing straws; preparing a Chao's culture medium, respectively culturing Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae bacterial liquids, preparing a bacillus culture medium, culturing the bacillus bacterial liquids, mixing the bacillus bacterial liquids according to a certain proportion, spraying the mixed bacterial liquids into straw powder, adding water, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 3-4 days; preparing a yeast extract peptone glucose culture medium, culturing a mixed yeast liquid, adding a proper amount of the yeast liquid into the fermented straw powder according to the fermentation condition of the straw powder, and fermenting for 3-4 days; step four, preparing a lactic acid bacteria culture medium, statically and anaerobically culturing a lactic acid bacteria liquid, adding the lactic acid bacteria liquid into the fermented straw according to the fermentation condition of the straw powder, isolating air, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 2-3 days; and step five, drying and granulating the water-containing fermented straws to obtain the straw feed. According to the invention, the straw substances are firstly treated by aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis, so that a part of cellulose is decomposed into sugars which can be utilized by saccharomycetes, and the saccharomycetes can fully utilize nutrient substances in the straw and convert the nutrient substances into the feed with higher protein content, but the problem of high crude fiber content still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws, which aims to solve the problem of how to optimize components, dosage, process and the like and reduce the content of crude fiber in the feed on the basis of the conventional straw feed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the dry crop straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 5-10mm by using a straw crusher;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid, and acidifying for 1h to obtain an acidified material;
s3: adding strong ammonia water into the acidified material, treating for 2-3h at 100 ℃ to obtain an aminated material, adding weak ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust the pH value to 5, adding cellulase till the pH value reaches 180U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaking table at 50-60 ℃ and 100-120rpm for 3-4d to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 24-72 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the material-water ratio, fermenting for 5d at 30-35 deg.C with shaking table rotation speed of 120r/min and tank layer thickness of 4cm, adjusting pH to 7.0 with 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, and oven drying to obtain the feed.
Preferably, the crop straws are a mixture of corn straws, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straws, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is (10-20): (0.5-1): (0.5-1).
Preferably, the moisture content of the crop straw is less than 10%.
Preferably, the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in the step S2 is 0.75%, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the straw scraps to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1 (3-6), and the straw scraps are acidified at the temperature of 150 ℃.
Preferably, the concentration of the strong ammonia water is 50-60%, and the concentration of the weak ammonia water is 0.75%.
Preferably, the ratio of the using amount of the bacillus subtilis to the using amount of the bacillus brevis in the step S3 is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1.
Preferably, the feed-water ratio is 10.
Preferably, the drying step in step S7 is: drying fermented crop straw in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 40-50 deg.C until the straw is kneaded into dough, granulating with a granulator, drying in a boiling dryer at 50 deg.C for 5-8min until the water content is less than 10%, vacuum packaging with a vacuum packaging machine, and storing in a cool and dry place.
Preferably, corn flour is also added into the crop straws.
Preferably, the amount of the corn flour is 5% of the amount of the crop straws.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the preparation process, after the crop straws are acidified, ammoniated and enzymolyzed, the fiber structures of the crop straws are damaged, most of hemicellulose, a small amount of cellulose and lignin in the straws can be degraded into substances such as glucose and the like, and a large amount of cellulose is further degraded after the cellulose is hydrolyzed, so that the crude fiber content of the straw feed is reduced. The straw is ammoniated by ammonia water, so that the acidity of the straw and the content of lignin are reduced, and the digestibility of the straw feed can be improved. In addition, cellulose is degraded into reducing sugar by cellulase, and straw fiber is converted into protein by fermentation, so that the content of crude protein and true protein is increased.
(2) The bacillus subtilis in the mixed bacterial liquid A consumes a large amount of oxygen in the fermentation process, and can maintain the anaerobic environment in the fermentation bag after being packaged, so that the growth of anaerobic probiotics such as lactobacillus in the mixed bacterial liquid C is promoted; the saccharomycetes in the mixed bacterial liquid B can synthesize the saccharides and inorganic salts in the crop straws into protein, and can also synthesize a small amount of vitamins, growth factors and the like; the lactobacillus can utilize the saccharides in the straws to ferment, so that the fermentation quality of the corn straws is improved, more nutrients are stored, and the content of crude protein and true protein in the straw feed is further improved under the synergistic effect of the mixed bacteria liquid A, the mixed bacteria liquid B and the mixed bacteria liquid C.
(3) In the patent document, ZL201110076215.8, the invention uses aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis to treat straw substances first, so that part of cellulose is decomposed into saccharides which can be utilized by saccharomycetes, and the saccharomycetes can fully utilize nutrient substances in the straw to be converted into the feed with higher protein content, but still has the problem of high crude fiber content, based on solving the technical problems, the invention further optimizes and improves the process of the invention, and multiple experimental researches show that when the preparation process is carried out, after the crop straw is subjected to acidification-ammoniation-fiber enzymolysis step, the fiber structure of the crop straw is destroyed, and most of hemicellulose, a small amount of cellulose and lignin in the straw can be degraded into substances such as glucose, a large amount of cellulose is further degraded after the cellulose is hydrolyzed, so that the crude fiber content of the straw feed is reduced, the technical problems in the background technical document can be solved, and unexpected effects are produced.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
The process for producing feed by using crop straws in the following embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the dry crop straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 5-10mm by using a straw crusher; the crop straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straw, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is (10-20): (0.5-1): 0.5-1); the water content of the crop straws is less than 10 percent;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.75%, and acidifying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an acidified material; the solid-liquid ratio of the straw crushed material to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1 (3-6);
s3: adding 50-60% concentrated ammonia water into the acidified material, treating for 2-3h at 100 ℃ to obtain an aminated material, adding 0.75% diluted ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust the pH value to 5, adding cellulase to 180U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaking table at 50-60 ℃ and 100-120rpm for 3-4d to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C; the using amount ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 24-72 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the ratio of the material to the water to be 10, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 30-35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 120r/min and the thickness of a groove layer is 4cm, adjusting the pH to be 7.0 by 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, placing the fermented crop straws in a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at 40-50 ℃ until the crop straws are kneaded into a ball by hands, adding corn flour with the dosage of 5% of the crop straws, making the crop straws into granules by a granulator, drying the crop straws in a fluidized bed dryer at 50 ℃ for 5-8min, and after the moisture content is lower than 10%, packaging the crop straws in a vacuum packaging machine in vacuum, and storing the fermented crop straws in a cool and dry place to obtain the feed.
Example 1
A process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the dry crop straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 5mm by using a straw crusher; the crop straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straw, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is 15:0.5: 1; the water content of the crop straws is less than 10 percent;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.75%, and acidifying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an acidified material; the solid-liquid ratio of the crushed straw to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1: 5;
s3: adding 50% concentrated ammonia water into the acidified material, treating at 100 deg.C for 3h to obtain aminated material, adding 0.75% diluted ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust pH to 5, adding cellulase to 150U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaker at 55 deg.C and 110rpm for 4d to obtain enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C; the using amount ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 48 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at 28 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at 28 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the ratio of the material to the water to be 10, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 30 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 120r/min and the thickness of a groove layer is 4cm, adjusting the pH to be 7.0 by 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, placing the fermented crop straws in a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at 40 ℃ for drying until the crop straws are kneaded into a mass by hands, adding corn flour with the dosage of 5% of the crop straws, making the crop straws into granules by a granulator, drying the crop straws in a boiling dryer for 5min at 50 ℃, packaging the crop straws in a vacuum packaging machine after the moisture content is lower than 10%, and placing the crop straws in a cool and dry place for storage to obtain the feed.
Example 2
A process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing crop dry straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 8mm by using a straw crusher; the crop straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straw, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is 20:0.8: 0.5; the water content of the crop straws is less than 10 percent;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.75%, and acidifying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an acidified material; the solid-liquid ratio of the crushed straw to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1: 6;
s3: adding 55% concentrated ammonia water into the acidified material, treating at 100 deg.C for 2h to obtain aminated material, adding 0.75% diluted ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust pH to 5, adding cellulase to 160U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaker at 60 deg.C and 120rpm for 3d to obtain enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C; the using amount ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing for 72 hours in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the ratio of the material to the water to be 10, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 33 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 120r/min and the thickness of a groove layer is 4cm, adjusting the pH to be 7.0 by 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, placing the fermented crop straws in a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at 45 ℃ for drying until the crop straws are kneaded into a mass by hands, adding corn flour with the dosage of 5% of the crop straws, making the crop straws into granules by a granulator, drying the crop straws in a boiling dryer for 7min at 50 ℃, packaging the crop straws in a vacuum packaging machine after the moisture content is lower than 10%, and placing the crop straws in a cool and dry place for storage to obtain the feed.
Example 3
A process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing crop dry straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 10mm by using a straw crusher; the crop straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straw, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is 10:1: 0.8; the water content of the crop straws is less than 10 percent;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.75%, and acidifying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an acidified material; the solid-to-liquid ratio of the crushed straw to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1: 3;
s3: adding 60% concentrated ammonia water into the acidified material, treating at 100 deg.C for 2.5h to obtain aminated material, adding 0.75% diluted ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust pH to 5, adding cellulase to 180U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaker at 50 deg.C and 100rpm for 3.5d to obtain enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C; the using amount ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 24 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at 33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at 33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the ratio of the material to the water to be 10, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 35 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 120r/min and the thickness of a groove layer is 4cm, adjusting the pH to be 7.0 by 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, placing the fermented crop straws in a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at 50 ℃ for drying until the crop straws are kneaded into a mass by hands, adding corn flour with the dosage of 5% of the crop straws, making the crop straws into granules by a granulator, drying the crop straws in a boiling dryer at 50 ℃ for 8min, and after the moisture content is lower than 10%, packaging the crop straws in a vacuum packaging machine in vacuum, and placing the mixture in a cool and dry place for storage to obtain the feed.
Example 4
A process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing crop dry straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 6mm by using a straw crusher; the crop straw is a mixture of corn straw, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straw, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is 18:0.6: 0.7; the water content of the crop straws is less than 10 percent;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid with the concentration of 0.75%, and acidifying for 1h at the temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain an acidified material; the solid-liquid ratio of the crushed straw to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1: 4;
s3: adding 60% concentrated ammonia water into the acidified material, treating at 100 deg.C for 3h to obtain aminated material, adding 0.75% diluted ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust pH to 5, adding cellulase to 160U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaker at 50 deg.C and 120rpm for 4d to obtain enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C; the using amount ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 48 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the ratio of the material to the water to be 10, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the temperature is 33 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 120r/min and the thickness of a groove layer is 4cm, adjusting the pH to be 7.0 by 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, placing the fermented crop straws in a constant-temperature air-blast drying oven at 45 ℃ for drying until the crop straws are kneaded into a mass by hands, adding corn flour with the dosage of 5% of the crop straws, making the crop straws into granules by a granulator, drying the crop straws in a boiling dryer for 7min at 50 ℃, packaging the crop straws in a vacuum packaging machine after the moisture content is lower than 10%, and placing the crop straws in a cool and dry place for storage to obtain the feed.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the step 2 and the step 3 are omitted in the process for preparing the feed by utilizing the crop straws.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the step 2 is omitted in the process for preparing the feed by using the crop straws.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the example 1, except that the step 3 is omitted in the process for preparing the feed by using the crop straws.
Comparative example 4
The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, except that the step 2 in the process of preparing the feed by using the crop straws does not contain the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, except that the step 2 in the process of preparing the feed by using the crop straws does not contain the mixed bacterial liquid A.
Comparative example 6
The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, except that the step 2 in the process of preparing the feed by using the crop straws does not contain the mixed bacterial liquid B.
Comparative example 7
The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, except that the step 2 in the process of preparing the feed by using the crop straws does not contain the mixed bacterial liquid C.
Comparative example 8
Chinese patent document "a straw feed and a preparation method thereof (patent number: ZL 201110076215.8)" is adopted to prepare the straw feed for component detection by the method in the embodiment 1.
The feeds of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were subjected to the content test of the relevant ingredients in accordance with the feed industry standards, and the test results are shown in the following table.
| Item | Crude protein (%) | True protein (%) | Crude fiber (%) |
| Example 1 | 34.5 | 24.6 | 12.5 |
| Example 2 | 33.8 | 23.8 | 12.3 |
| Example 3 | 33.1 | 24.1 | 12.8 |
| Example 4 | 32.7 | 23.7 | 11.9 |
| Comparative example 1 | 21.3 | 14.3 | 25.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 30.2 | 22.1 | 14.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 30.8 | 21.5 | 13.8 |
| Comparative example 4 | 18.1 | 10.5 | 24.8 |
| Comparative example5 | 29.6 | 21.2 | 16.5 |
| Comparative example 6 | 30.7 | 20.3 | 15.4 |
| Comparative example 7 | 30.5 | 21.5 | 14.9 |
| Comparative example 8 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 30.8 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: (1) as can be seen from the data of examples 1-4 and comparative example 8, the feeds prepared in examples 1-4 had a crude protein, true protein content significantly higher than that of the feed prepared in comparative example 8, and the feeds prepared in examples 1-4 had a crude fiber content significantly lower than that of comparative example 8; meanwhile, as can be seen from the data of examples 1 to 4, example 1 is the most preferred example.
(2) As can be seen from the data in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, after the crop straws are acidified, aminated and enzymolyzed in the preparation process, the fiber structures of the crop straws are destroyed, most of hemicellulose, a small amount of cellulose and lignin in the straws can be degraded into substances such as glucose, and a large amount of cellulose is further degraded after the cellulose is hydrolyzed, so that the crude fiber content of the straw feed is reduced. The straw is ammoniated by ammonia water, so that the acidity of the straw and the content of lignin are reduced, and the digestibility of the straw feed can be improved. In addition, cellulose is degraded into reducing sugar by cellulase, and straw fiber is converted into protein by fermentation, so that the content of crude protein and true protein is increased.
(3) As can be seen from the data of example 1 and comparative examples 4 to 7, the bacillus subtilis in the mixed bacterial liquid a consumes a large amount of oxygen in the fermentation process, and can maintain the anaerobic environment in the fermentation bag after packaging, thereby promoting the growth of anaerobic probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and the like in the mixed bacterial liquid C; the saccharomycetes in the mixed bacterial liquid B can synthesize the saccharides and inorganic salts in the crop straws into protein, and can also synthesize a small amount of vitamins, growth factors and the like; the lactobacillus can utilize the saccharides in the straws to ferment, so that the fermentation quality of the corn straws is improved, more nutrients are stored, and the content of crude protein and true protein in the straw feed is further improved under the synergistic effect of the mixed bacteria liquid A, the mixed bacteria liquid B and the mixed bacteria liquid C.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A process for producing feed by utilizing crop straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: crushing the dry crop straws into crushed materials with the particle size of 5-10mm by using a straw crusher;
s2: soaking the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S1 in dilute sulfuric acid, and acidifying for 1h to obtain an acidified material;
s3: adding strong ammonia water into the acidified material, treating for 2-3h at 100 ℃ to obtain an aminated material, adding weak ammonia water into the aminated material to adjust the pH value to 5, adding cellulase till the pH value reaches 180U/g, and hydrolyzing in a shaking table at 50-60 ℃ and 100-120rpm for 3-4d to obtain an enzymolysis material;
s4: culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus brevis with LB culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid A; culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis in culture medium, and shake culturing at 37 deg.C to obtain mixed bacteria liquid B; carrying out anaerobic culture on lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus delbrueckii and lactobacillus casei by using an MRS culture medium at 37 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid C;
s5: respectively inoculating and culturing the mixed bacterial liquid A, the mixed bacterial liquid B and the mixed bacterial liquid C for 24 hours, diluting in multiple proportions, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for 24-72 hours; after 10 times of plate scribing purification, obtaining purified mixed bacterial liquid A, mixed bacterial liquid B and mixed bacterial liquid C;
s6: inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid A and the mixed bacterial liquid B in the step S5 into the enzymolysis material, culturing for 2d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material A, adding the mixed bacterial liquid C into the fermentation material A, packaging, and culturing for 7d at the temperature of 28-33 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material B;
s7: adding sterile water into the fermented material B, controlling the material-water ratio, fermenting for 5d at 30-35 deg.C with shaking table rotation speed of 120r/min and tank layer thickness of 4cm, adjusting pH to 7.0 with 0.8% (v/v) ammonia water every day, and oven drying to obtain the feed.
2. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop straws are a mixture of corn straws, wheat bran and bean dregs, and the dosage ratio of the corn straws, the wheat bran and the bean dregs is (10-20): 0.5-1.
3. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the crop straws is less than 10%.
4. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in the step S2 is 0.75%, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the straw scraps to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1 (3-6), and the straw scraps are acidified at 150 ℃.
5. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the strong ammonia water in the step S3 is 50-60%, and the concentration of the weak ammonia water is 0.75%.
6. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus brevis in the step S4 is 1: 1; the usage ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the candida tropicalis is 1: 1; the dosage ratio of the lactobacillus plantarum to the lactobacillus acidophilus to the bifidobacterium bifidum to the lactobacillus delbrueckii to the lactobacillus casei is 1:1:1: 1.
7. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed-water ratio in the step S7 is 10.
8. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying step in the step S7 is: drying fermented crop straw in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 40-50 deg.C until the straw is kneaded into dough, granulating with a granulator, drying in a boiling dryer at 50 deg.C for 5-8min until the water content is less than 10%, vacuum packaging with a vacuum packaging machine, and storing in a cool and dry place.
9. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 8, wherein corn flour is further added to the crop straws.
10. The process for producing feed by using crop straws as claimed in claim 9, wherein the amount of the corn flour is 5% of the amount of the crop straws.
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| CN115176868A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-14 | 安徽粮牧农业科技有限公司 | Straw mixed feed and preparation method thereof |
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