CN111642618A - Ruminant fermented feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ruminant fermented feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ruminant fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of corn, 2-10 parts of gunite corn bran, 4-12 parts of DDGS, 6-14 parts of corn germ meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-5.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-8 parts of palm meal, 2-8 parts of sesame meal, 1.2-3.2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 0.5-1.5 parts of molasses, 0.05-0.15 part of live bacteria starter, 0.05-0.15 part of complex enzyme preparation and 18-26 parts of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a ruminant fermented feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rumination refers to that after a period of time, the food half-digested in the stomach is returned to the mouth for chewing again, the ruminant is an animal with the rumination digestion mode, the digestion and absorption of the food by the ruminant are mainly through the microbial fermentation process in the rumen, when the food enters the rumen, the microbes in the rumen cling to the surface of the food, and simultaneously, digestive enzymes such as cellulase and hemicellulase are secreted, and nutrient substances such as cellulose and pectin in the food are decomposed, so that the nutrient substances can be digested and absorbed.
At present, ruminant feed is adopted to feed ruminants in batches, and the prior Chinese patent with the reference publication number of CN105961851A discloses a ruminant feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn DDGS 20-40 parts, corn silage 20-40 parts, crop straw 30-60 parts, soybean lecithin 15-25 parts, emulsified animal oil 15-25 parts, emulsified vegetable oil 10-20 parts, amino acid 1-10 parts, deoxycholic acid 2-8 parts, nicotinic acid 1-4 parts, nicotinamide 1-4 parts, tryptophan 5-10 parts, oxytetracycline 5-10 parts, and pepsin 1-5 parts.
In order to provide abundant nutrition for ruminants and promote the growth of the ruminants, the feed usually contains more nutrients such as crude fibers, and microorganisms in rumens have limited capacity of decomposing nutrients such as crude fibers, so that when the feed is used for feeding the ruminants, the ruminants cannot completely digest and absorb nutrients such as crude fibers in the common feed, the digestibility of the feed is low, and the ruminants cannot absorb sufficient nutrients, so that the immunity of the ruminants is reduced, and the growth speed of the ruminants is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a fermented ruminant feed having the effect of increasing the digestibility of the feed by ruminants, thereby increasing the growth rate of the ruminants;
the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ruminant fermented feed, which has the effect of improving the decomposition capacity of various bacteria in the live bacteria starter on various substrates in the feed.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of corn, 2-10 parts of gunite corn bran, 4-12 parts of DDGS, 6-14 parts of corn germ meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-5.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-8 parts of palm meal, 2-8 parts of sesame meal, 1.2-3.2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 0.5-1.5 parts of molasses, 0.05-0.15 part of live bacteria starter, 0.05-0.15 part of complex enzyme preparation and 18-26 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the corn has higher nutritive value, is an excellent grain crop, and is an important feed source for animal husbandry, breeding industry and the like; the corn bran is sprayed with corn soaking liquid, contains a part of hydrolyzed monosaccharide, and is beneficial to decomposition of microorganisms in rumen of ruminant, so that the ruminant is easy to digest and absorb, and the digestibility of feed is improved;
the molasses is rich in nutrient substances such as sugar, protein and the like, has fragrant and sweet taste, has fragrant smell and good mouthfeel, and can improve the palatability of the feed together with the molasses, so that the feed intake of ruminants is improved;
DDGS is dried distillers grains and soluble substances thereof, contains more nutrients such as protein, fat, cellulose and the like, enables excellent sources of minerals such as phosphorus, potassium and the like to provide complete nutrition for ruminants together with corn and corn husk slurry, and enables the microorganisms in the rumen of the ruminants to keep the capability of fermenting feed and the ruminants to fully absorb the nutrients in the feed because the fat and effective fibers in DDGS help to maintain the stability of the microorganisms in the rumen of the ruminants and stabilize the pH value in the rumen;
the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal and the sesame meal are rich in abundant protein and crude fiber, can provide higher energy for ruminants, and the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal and the sesame meal are used in a matching manner within the range, so that the synergistic effect among the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal and the sesame meal can be exerted, the addition amount of substances such as corn and the like can be reduced while the same protein content is provided, and meanwhile, the palm meal is low in price, so that the cost of the feed can be greatly reduced;
meanwhile, the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal, the sesame meal and the glutamic acid residue are matched for use, so that the protein content and the utilization rate of essential amino acid of the feed are equivalent to those of the soybean meal, but the price of the feed is lower than that of the soybean meal, the protein resources such as the soybean meal are saved, the national relevant policy requirements are responded, and the cost of the feed is reduced;
in the range, the active bacteria starter is added into the feed, because the active bacteria always keep the biological activity, the substrate in the feed can be continuously fermented, meanwhile, the complex enzyme preparation is added, and a plurality of enzymes can synergistically decompose the substrate in the feed, so that the active bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation are used for forming bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation to prepare the fermented feed, macromolecular proteins such as crude fiber and the like, carbohydrates, fats and the like in the feed can be degraded in advance to form small peptides, amino acids, oligosaccharides, free fatty acids and the like which are easy to digest and absorb by ruminants, the digestion and absorption of the feed by the ruminants are greatly improved, meanwhile, the active bacteria can maintain the flora balance of the digestive tract of the ruminants, the immunity of the ruminants is improved, and the use of antibiotics is reduced;
and the live bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation in the fermented feed can also degrade and adsorb toxins and toxic and harmful substances in the ruminant body, reduce the harmful substances in the excrement of the ruminant and improve the breeding environment.
The invention is further configured to: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 25-27 parts of corn, 4-8 parts of gunite corn, 6-10 parts of DDGS, 9-11 parts of corn germ meal, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 3-4 parts of cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of palm meal, 4-6 parts of sesame meal, 1.8-2.6 parts of glutamic acid residue, 0.8-1.2 parts of molasses, 0.08-0.12 part of live bacteria starter, 0.08-0.12 part of complex enzyme preparation and 20-24 parts of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the range, the corn, the gunite corn, the DDGS, the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal, the sesame meal, the glutamic acid residue and the molasses are matched for use, so that comprehensive and rich nutrient substances can be provided for the ruminant, and the nutrient substances such as macromolecular proteins in various component substrates in the feed are decomposed in advance by utilizing a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation mechanism of a live bacterium leavening agent and a complex enzyme preparation, so that the ruminant is easier to digest and absorb;
meanwhile, the microorganisms in the live bacteria starter need proper carbon-nitrogen ratio in the growth and metabolism processes, so that the ratio of each component is controlled, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the feed can be controlled, the growth and metabolism of live bacteria in the live bacteria starter are utilized, the pretreatment capacity of the live bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation to a substrate in the feed is further improved, and the digestion and absorption of the feed by ruminants are further improved;
after the live bacteria starter is used for fermenting the substrate, the viscosity of the substrate can be increased, so that if the adding amount of each component substrate exceeds the range, the viscosity between the fermented feeds can be increased, the digestion and the absorption of ruminants are not facilitated, and if the adding amount of each component substrate is lower than the range, the feeds cannot provide rich nutrient substances and energy for the ruminants, so that the growth speed of the ruminants is reduced.
The invention is further configured to: the live bacteria starter comprises saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, wherein the weight ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the lactic acid bacteria to the bacillus is (2.5-3.5): (3.8-4.2): (1.7-2.3).
By adopting the technical scheme, the saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular beneficial fungus, belongs to anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria, has the characteristics of easy culture, no toxicity, low production cost and the like, contains rich nutrients such as protein, accounting, amino acid and the like in the saccharomyces cerevisiae, generates more metabolic and synthetic products in the fermentation process, not only provides nutritional requirements for the growth of the ruminant, but also can stabilize the intestinal balance of the ruminant, improve the digestive system structure of the ruminant, promote the digestion and absorption of the ruminant to the feed and improve the immunity of the ruminant;
the lactobacillus is beneficial bacteria, belongs to anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria, is relatively acid-resistant, has strong tolerance in an acidic environment in the rumen of the ruminant, and can stabilize the micro-ecosystem of the rumen and intestinal tract of the ruminant, so that microorganisms in the rumen can continuously decompose the feed, and the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed is improved;
meanwhile, the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria is beneficial to stabilizing the pH value in the digestive tract and accelerating the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria, and the acidic environment formed by the metabolism of the lactic acid bacteria plays a good role in inhibiting the growth of other bacteria such as harmful bacteria, so that the risk of intestinal diseases of the ruminant is reduced, and the immunity of the ruminant is improved;
the bacillus belongs to facultative anaerobe, and the growth and the propagation of the bacillus in the ruminant body can create an appropriate environment suitable for the growth and the field planting of probiotics such as anaerobe and the like, so that saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus can grow and propagate rapidly; meanwhile, the bacillus and the lactic acid bacteria can play a role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and putrefying bacteria in the intestinal tract of the ruminant, and the bacillus can generate enzyme which is not possessed by the ruminant in the metabolic process, can be matched with a complex enzyme preparation together, and plays a role in synergistically decomposing substrates which are difficult to digest and absorb by the ruminant in the feed;
in the proportion range, the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus are mixed and matched to prepare the live bacteria starter, the varieties are few and fine, the synergistic effect of the three strains is utilized, the advantages and the disadvantages are made, the advantage effect is formed, the comprehensive function of the live bacteria starter is improved, the substrate in the feed is fermented, the digestibility of the ruminant on the feed is improved, and meanwhile, the immunity of the ruminant is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the compound enzyme preparation comprises xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of the xylanase, the mannase, the glucanase and the cellulase is (3-5): (5.5-6.5): (8-12): (6-8).
By adopting the technical scheme, substances such as corn, wheat bran, cottonseed meal and the like contain a certain amount of xylan, the xylan is one of main components forming cell walls, and plays a role of a physical barrier together with other cell wall constituents to prevent the release of nutrients in cells, and the xylanase breaks the firm structure of the cell walls by degrading the xylan, so that nutrients such as protein, starch, fat and the like coated in the cell walls are released, the anti-nutritional effect of the xylan in feed raw materials can be eliminated, and the digestion and absorption of nutritive substances by ruminants are improved;
the mannase can decompose mannan in substances such as corn germ meal, cottonseed meal and the like, and improve the capability of the intestinal tract of animals to absorb water and glucose, thereby reducing the incidence rate of nutritional diarrhea, reducing the viscosity of the intestinal tract and promoting the digestion and absorption of energy, protein and cellulose by ruminants; meanwhile, the mannanase can promote the secretion of insulin-like growth factors in the bodies of animals, promote the synthesis of proteins and improve the growth speed of ruminants;
the glucanase can decompose beta-glucan in the cell walls of embryo in substances such as corn, sprayed corn bran, wheat bran and the like, can reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors in the feed together with the xylanase, improves the digestion and absorption of nutritive substances by ruminants, and improves the conversion rate of the feed;
the cellulase can decompose cellulose in the feed, and improves the digestion and absorption of nutritive substances of ruminants by cooperating with glucanase and xylanase, thereby improving the conversion rate of the feed; meanwhile, the cellulase can act on the digestive tract of the ruminant, improves the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed by cooperating with the bacillus and the lactic acid bacteria, and improves the immunity of the ruminant;
therefore, in the range, the xylanase, the mannase, the glucanase and the cellulase are mixed and matched for use, so that substances which are difficult to digest and absorb by ruminants in the feed can be synergistically decomposed, and the substances are further matched with a live bacteria starter, so that the digestibility of the ruminants on the feed is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the raw materials further comprise, by weight, 1.8-2.2 parts of motherwort herb residues, 3-5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 2.2-2.8 parts of grape residues and 0.05-0.1 part of baking soda.
By adopting the technical scheme, the motherwort herb residues can accelerate the growth and development of ruminants, and can interfere and destroy the metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms from multiple links such as ribonucleic acid, energy metabolism and the like by utilizing special active ingredients existing in the motherwort herb residues, so that the immunity of the ruminants is improved, and the motherwort herb residues are used for replacing antibiotics;
meanwhile, when the motherwort herb residues are decomposed by the live bacteria starter, the pH value of the environment can be reduced, beneficial bacteria such as saccharomycetes and the like can grow and reproduce quickly, the decomposition speed of the live bacteria starter on substrates in the feed is improved, the digestibility of the ruminant on the feed is improved, meanwhile, the growth and the reproduction of harmful bacteria are inhibited, the risk of intestinal diseases of the ruminant is reduced, and the immunity of the ruminant is improved;
because the mulberry leaf powder has higher protein content and has the effects of reducing blood sugar, blood fat, bacteria and the like, the mulberry leaf powder is added in the range, so that rich nutrient substances and rich mineral substances can be provided for the ruminant, and meanwhile, the fermented mulberry leaf powder contains more active substances and can enhance the immunity of the ruminant together with the motherwort herb residue;
the grape pomace contains tannin and other substances, so that the in-vitro gas production of the ruminant can be reduced, the solubility of ammonia is reduced, the foul smell of excrement is weakened, the living environment of the ruminant is improved, and in an acidic environment, the tannin can be stably combined with protein to play a role in protecting rumen protein;
because the materials such as the guniting corn bran, the DDGS, the corn germ meal and the like have higher acidity, the baking soda is added in the range, the pH value of the fermentation environment can be improved, the pH value cannot be too low, the growth and the reproduction of bacteria with poor acid resistance are influenced, if the added baking soda is too much, the overall pH value is increased, the growth and the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria are not facilitated, the growth and the reproduction of saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus are not facilitated, and the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed is reduced.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ruminant fermented feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
crushing all raw materials until the particle size is less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; stirring a live bacteria starter and water at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 2-3min to prepare starter bacteria suspension;
s2: mixing the complex enzyme preparation and the dry powder uniformly, then spraying the starter bacteria suspension uniformly, and stirring and mixing for 2-3min to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: and fermenting the fermented material to obtain the fermented feed.
By adopting the technical scheme, all the substrates are firstly crushed to the practical granularity suitable for feeding objects before being uniformly mixed, so that the surface area of all the substrates can be increased, the dissolution of nutrient substances in the bodies of ruminants is promoted, and the proliferation of microorganisms and the degradation of materials are facilitated; the gaps among the crushed substrates are few, and the residual oxygen is less, so that the crushed substrates can quickly enter an anaerobic state, the growth and the propagation of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and the like are promoted, and the growth of mixed bacteria is inhibited;
mixing the live bacteria starter with water at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ to prepare a bacteria suspension, and uniformly spraying the bacteria suspension onto the mixed dry powder, so that various bacteria components in the live bacteria starter can be uniformly dispersed and attached to the dry powder, and various substrates in the feed can be fully decomposed by the live bacteria starter;
the temperature is controlled, so that a good living environment is provided for various bacteria in the live bacteria starter, the various bacteria can continuously play a role in decomposing substrates, and the feed digestibility of the ruminant is improved.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (3), the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.
By adopting the technical scheme, a suitable living environment is provided for the growth and reproduction of various bacteria in the live bacteria starter, and in the range, the various bacteria firstly carry out the pre-degradation on the substrate in the feed, so that the feed is easier to digest and absorb after entering the body of the ruminant, and the feed conversion rate of the ruminant is improved.
The invention is further configured to: in step S1, the water is heated before the live bacteria starter is added to remove chlorine in the water.
By adopting the technical scheme, chlorine contained in the feed can be reduced, and gastrointestinal tract reactions such as inappetence, diarrhea and the like generated after the ruminant eats the feed are reduced, so that the morbidity of the ruminant is reduced, and the healthy and rapid growth of the ruminant is ensured; and the chlorine is removed by adopting a heating method, and simultaneously, the fermentation water is heated to the fermentation temperature, thereby achieving two purposes and saving energy.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the corn, the gunite corn, the DDGS, the corn germ meal, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the palm meal, the sesame meal, the glutamic acid residue and the molasses are matched for use, so that comprehensive and rich nutrient substances are provided for the ruminant, and the growth speed of the ruminant is improved;
2. by adopting a bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation mechanism, the nutrient substances such as macromolecular protein and the like in the component substrates in the feed are decomposed in advance, so that the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed is improved;
3. by controlling the particle size of the dry powder and controlling the fermentation temperature and time, the decomposition capacity of the live bacteria starter on various substrates in the feed is improved, so that the digestibility of the ruminant on the feed is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the following examples and comparative examples:
xylanase, mannanase, glucanase, cellulase, saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus were all purchased from santong biosciences ltd.
Example 1
A preparation method of a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
pulverizing semen Maydis, spray-coated testa Maydis, DDGS, corn germ meal, testa Tritici, cotton meal, palm meal, semen Sesami meal, glutamic acid residue, and molasses to particle size less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus and Bacillus with water heated to remove chlorine, stirring at 35 deg.C for 2min to obtain starter suspension;
s2: uniformly mixing xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase with the dry powder, uniformly spraying the starter bacterial suspension, and stirring and mixing for 2min to obtain a fermented material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: fermenting the fermented material at 25 deg.C for 3 days to obtain fermented feed.
Example 2
A preparation method of a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
pulverizing semen Maydis, spray-coated testa Maydis, DDGS, corn germ meal, testa Tritici, cotton meal, palm meal, semen Sesami meal, glutamic acid residue, and molasses to particle size less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus and Bacillus with water heated to remove chlorine, stirring at 35 deg.C for 2min to obtain starter suspension;
s2: uniformly mixing xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase with the dry powder, uniformly spraying the starter bacterial suspension, and stirring and mixing for 2min to obtain a fermented material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: fermenting the fermented material at 25 deg.C for 3 days to obtain fermented feed.
Example 3
A preparation method of a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
pulverizing semen Maydis, spray-coated testa Maydis, DDGS, corn germ meal, testa Tritici, cotton meal, palm meal, semen Sesami meal, glutamic acid residue, and molasses to particle size less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus and Bacillus with water heated to remove chlorine, stirring at 36 deg.C for 2.5min to obtain starter suspension;
s2: uniformly mixing xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase with the dry powder, uniformly spraying the starter bacterial suspension, and stirring and mixing for 2.5min to obtain a fermented material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: fermenting the fermented material at 26.5 deg.C for 4 days to obtain fermented feed.
Example 4
A preparation method of a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
pulverizing semen Maydis, spray-coated testa Maydis, DDGS, corn germ meal, testa Tritici, cotton meal, palm meal, semen Sesami meal, glutamic acid residue, and molasses to particle size less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus and Bacillus with water heated to remove chlorine gas at 37 deg.C, stirring for 3min to obtain starter suspension;
s2: uniformly mixing xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase with the dry powder, uniformly spraying the starter bacterial suspension, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain a fermented material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: fermenting the fermented material at 28 deg.C for 5 days to obtain fermented feed.
Example 5
A preparation method of a ruminant fermented feed comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
pulverizing semen Maydis, spray-coated testa Maydis, DDGS, corn germ meal, testa Tritici, cotton meal, palm meal, semen Sesami meal, glutamic acid residue, and molasses to particle size less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; mixing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactobacillus and Bacillus with water heated to remove chlorine gas at 37 deg.C, stirring for 3min to obtain starter suspension;
s2: uniformly mixing xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase with the dry powder, uniformly spraying the starter bacterial suspension, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain a fermented material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: fermenting the fermented material at 28 deg.C for 5 days to obtain fermented feed.
The amounts of each component used in examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | |
| Corn (corn) | 22g | 30g | 26g | 25g | 27g |
| Guniting corn husk | 10g | 2g | 6g | 8g | 4g |
| DDGS | 4g | 12g | 8g | 6g | 10g |
| Corn germ meal | 14g | 6g | 10g | 11g | 9g |
| Wheat bran | 10g | 20g | 15g | 13g | 17g |
| Cotton seed dregs | 5.5g | 1.5g | 3.5g | 4g | 3g |
| Palm meal | 2g | 8g | 5g | 4g | 6g |
| Sesame seed meal | 8g | 2g | 5g | 6g | 4g |
| Glutamic acid residue | 1.2g | 3.2g | 2.2g | 1.8g | 2g |
| Molasses for health protection | 1.5g | 0.5g | 1g | 1.2g | 0.8g |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 0.16g | 0.047g | 0.033g | 0.028g | 0.042g |
| Lactic acid bacteria | 0.024g | 0.071g | 0.044g | 0.034g | 0.050g |
| Bacillus | 0.011g | 0.032g | 0.022g | 0.018g | 0.028g |
| Xylanase | 0.018g | 0.006g | 0.016g | 0.019g | 0.013g |
| Mannanase | 0.033g | 0.011g | 0.024g | 0.025g | 0.016g |
| Dextranase | 0.048g | 0.016g | 0.040g | 0.046g | 0.030g |
| Cellulase enzymes | 0.036g | 0.012g | 0.028g | 0.030g | 0.020g |
| Water (W) | 18g | 26g | 22g | 20g | 24g |
Example 6
A method for preparing a ruminant fermented feed, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the step (1) also comprises 1.8g of motherwort herb residues, 3g of mulberry leaf powder, 2.2g of grape residues and 0.5g of baking soda.
Example 7
A method for preparing a ruminant fermented feed, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that: the step (1) also comprises 2.2g of motherwort herb residues, 5g of mulberry leaf powder, 2.8g of grape residues and 1.0g of baking soda.
Comparative example 1
The commercial common ruminant feed comprises 55-60% of corn straw, 5-7% of corn flour, 6-8% of corn fiber, 18-20% of soybean cake, 8-10% of vinasse and 0.15-0.2% of iodized refined salt.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 3 is that: in step S1, 0.044g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 0.066g of lactic acid bacteria and 0.022g of Bacillus.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is that: in step S1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.28g, lactic acid bacteria 0.11g, and Bacillus 0.022 g.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 3 is that: in step S2, xylanase 0.016g, mannanase 0.04g, glucanase 0.056g, and cellulase 0.04 g.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 3 is that: in step S2, xylanase 0.016g, mannanase 0.056g, glucanase 0.112g, and cellulase 0.08 g.
Feeding experiment
150 healthy and disease-free cattle with the same breed, weight average body weight of 50 +/-1 Kg, normal growth and development are selected, the cattle are averagely divided into 15 groups, the groups are respectively placed in 15 pigsties in the same environment, and the cattle are respectively fed with the feeds in examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-5, and the experimental period is 30 days. The feed was timed to 2 times at 8:30 am and 5:30 pm daily. 3 times daily drinking water, 9:30 in the morning and 12 in the noon: 30 in the afternoon at 6:30 to ensure that each cow drinks water fully. For NH in cowshed after 30 days3The contents (with PGM-35 toxic gas detector), the number of sick cattle within 30 days, and the average daily gain per cattle per group were analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 feeding experiment results table
| Item | Ammonia concentration in house (PPM) | Number of patients with illness (head) | Daily gain (kg) |
| Example 1 | 7.90 | 5 | 3.0 |
| Example 2 | 7.81 | 4 | 3.4 |
| Example 3 | 7.59 | 3 | 4.5 |
| Example 4 | 7.74 | 5 | 3.2 |
| Example 5 | 7.82 | 6 | 3.0 |
| Example 6 | 7.23 | 1 | 5.1 |
| Example 7 | 7.19 | 0 | 5.0 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18.81 | 13 | 1.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 12.32 | 9 | 2.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 12.11 | 10 | 1.9 |
| Comparative example 4 | 12.15 | 9 | 2.1 |
| Comparative example 5 | 13.43 | 8 | 1.8 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the ammonia gas concentration and the number of diseases in the barns in the examples 1 to 5 are lower than those in the comparative example 1, and the daily gain of the examples 1 to 5 is larger than that in the comparative example 1, which shows that the fermented feed in the examples 1 to 5 can obviously improve the intestinal health of the ruminant, reduce the generation of ammonia gas, improve the immunity of the ruminant, and simultaneously can improve the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed, thereby improving the growth speed of the ruminant;
in examples 1 to 5, the ammonia gas concentration and the number of diseases in the barn are the lowest, and the daily gain is the largest in example 3, which shows that the feed prepared according to the proportion in example 3 can provide full and rich nutrition for the ruminant, and the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed can be improved by using the live bacteria starter and the complex enzyme preparation to cooperate according to the proportion in example 3, so that the growth speed of the ruminant is improved;
the ammonia gas concentration and the illness number in the barns in the examples 6 to 7 are lower than those in the example 3, and the daily gain of the examples 6 to 7 is larger than that in the example 3, which shows that the addition of the motherwort herb residue, the mulberry leaf powder, the grape residue and the baking soda in the fermented feed can obviously improve the intestinal health of the ruminant, reduce the generation of ammonia gas, improve the immunity of the ruminant, and simultaneously improve the digestibility of the ruminant to the feed, thereby improving the growth speed of the ruminant;
the ammonia gas concentration and the disease occurrence number in the barn of the embodiment 3 are lower than those of the comparative examples 2-5, and the daily gain of the embodiment 3 is larger than those of the comparative examples 2-5, which shows that the ratio of various bacteria in the live bacteria starter and the ratio of various enzymes in the complex enzyme preparation are controlled, so that the synergistic effect among the various bacteria and the synergistic effect among the various enzymes can be fully exerted, meanwhile, the synergistic effect among the bacteria and the enzymes is better exerted, various substrates in the feed are decomposed, the digestibility of the feed by the ruminant is improved, and the growth speed of the ruminant is improved; meanwhile, the microbial living environment in the rumen of the ruminant is stabilized, the generation of harmful bacteria is reduced, the intestinal health of the ruminant is improved, the generation of ammonia gas is reduced, and the immunity of the ruminant is improved.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A ruminant fermentation feed is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 22-30 parts of corn, 2-10 parts of gunite corn bran, 4-12 parts of DDGS, 6-14 parts of corn germ meal, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-5.5 parts of cottonseed meal, 2-8 parts of palm meal, 2-8 parts of sesame meal, 1.2-3.2 parts of glutamic acid residue, 0.5-1.5 parts of molasses, 0.05-0.15 part of live bacteria starter, 0.05-0.15 part of complex enzyme preparation and 18-26 parts of water.
2. The fermented feed for rumination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 25-27 parts of corn, 4-8 parts of gunite corn bran, 6-10 parts of DDGS, 9-11 parts of corn germ meal, 13-17 parts of wheat bran, 3-4 parts of cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of palm meal, 4-6 parts of sesame meal, 1.8-2.6 parts of glutamic acid residue, 0.8-1.2 parts of molasses, 0.08-0.12 part of live bacteria starter, 0.08-0.12 part of complex enzyme preparation and 20-24 parts of water.
3. A fermented ruminant feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the live bacteria starter comprises saccharomyces cerevisiae, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, wherein the weight ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae to the lactic acid bacteria to the bacillus is (2.5-3.5): (3.8-4.2): (1.7-2.3).
4. A fermented ruminant feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound enzyme preparation comprises xylanase, mannase, glucanase and cellulase, wherein the weight ratio of the xylanase, the mannase, the glucanase and the cellulase is (3-5): (5.5-6.5): (8-12): (6-8).
5. The fermented feed for rumination according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials further comprise, by weight, 1.8-2.2 parts of motherwort herb residues, 3-5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 2.2-2.8 parts of grape residues and 0.5-1.0 part of baking soda.
6. The method for preparing a fermented feed for ruminants according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fermented feed for ruminants is prepared by the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material treatment:
crushing all raw materials until the particle size is less than 2.0 mm;
(2) preparing a fermentation material:
s1: uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the step (1) to obtain a dry powder; stirring a live bacteria starter and water at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 2-3min to prepare starter bacteria suspension;
s2: mixing the complex enzyme preparation and the dry powder uniformly, then spraying the starter bacteria suspension uniformly, and stirring and mixing for 2-3min to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) constant-temperature fermentation: and fermenting the fermented material to obtain the fermented feed.
7. The method for preparing a fermented feed for rumination according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step (3), the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-5 days.
8. The method for preparing a fermented feed for rumination according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step S1, the water is heated before the live bacteria starter is added to remove chlorine in the water.
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