CN112806498A - Laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following steps: preparing synergistic fermentation composite bacteria; preparing a synergistic fermentation complex enzyme; fermentation substrate material preparation: corn, bean pulp, corn germ pulp, gunite corn bran, tea leaves and stone powder; preparing a compound bacterium activating solution; pouring the fermentation substrate, the complex enzyme and the compound bacteria activating solution into a mixer in sequence, mixing uniformly, filling into a breathing membrane one-way exhaust valve bag, and sealing the packaging bag; and transferring the materials to a constant-temperature fermentation chamber for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the constant-temperature fermentation chamber to be more than 25 ℃, and stacking and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the finished product. The invention adopts a bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation technology, and the bacterium and the enzyme play a synergistic effect to better degrade macromolecular nutrient substances in the feed into small molecular substances which are easier to digest, absorb and utilize by animals, thereby promoting the growth of the animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological feed, and particularly relates to a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the face of the increasingly severe situations that the food competition between the animal husbandry and people and the animal husbandry development are severely limited by the supply of feed raw materials, and the promulgation and implementation of 'banning resistance order', the development and utilization of ground source feed resources, the development of substitutes of antibiotics and the improvement of the utilization rate of the feed are urgent. The development and utilization of the tea leaves can be combined with the bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation technology, so that the problems can be effectively alleviated.
Patent CN201910195529 provides a tea leaf residue fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
(1) tea leaf residue pretreatment: drying and crushing tea leaves to obtain a solid substance;
(2) preparing materials: putting the tea leaf residue powder obtained in the step (1), soybean meal powder, glucose and water into a mixer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
(3) and (3) sterilization: sterilizing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) by adopting a high-pressure steam sterilization method;
(4) fermentation: inoculating the sterilized mixed material with the strain according to the inoculation amount of 10-20%, and performing solid state fermentation;
(5) and (3) drying: and drying after fermentation is finished to obtain a finished feed product.
The technology has the following disadvantages:
(1) the feed needs to be sterilized, and the equipment cost is high;
(2) the feed needs to be dried, the product cost is high, and meanwhile, the activity of active substances in the feed is obviously reduced in the drying process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. China is a big tea-producing country, tea has a long history, and tea leaves have abundant tea leaf residue resources. The tea leaves contain a plurality of active substances such as tea polyphenol, theanine and the like, and are good natural antioxidants, the bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation technology is combined, the fermented feed is rich in probiotics, a plurality of digestive enzymes, tea functional active substances and the like, the intestinal microbial environment of livestock and poultry can be effectively improved, the health of animals is promoted, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, and the effect of reducing the resistance and replacing the resistance is achieved.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed is prepared by the following preparation method:
(1) preparing synergistic fermentation composite bacteria: the composite bacteria comprise Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wherein the content of effective viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis is not less than 1.5 × 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not less than 1.0 × 109CFU/g。
(2) Preparing a synergistic fermentation complex enzyme: the compound enzyme consists of cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase and beta-mannase, wherein the enzyme activity of the cellulase is more than or equal to 1000U/g, the enzyme activity of the xylanase is more than or equal to 500U/g, the enzyme activity of the beta-glucanase is more than or equal to 3000U/g, and the enzyme activity of the beta-mannase is more than or equal to 50U/g. The complex enzyme with the enzyme activity more than or equal to 2000U/ml is prepared.
Cellulase: the amount of enzyme required for the degradation and release of 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar per minute from a sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution having a concentration of 4mg/mL at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 37 ℃ is one enzyme activity unit, expressed in U.
Xylanase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar by degradation from a xylan solution having a concentration of 5mg/mL per minute at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 37 ℃ is one unit of enzyme activity, expressed in U.
Beta-glucanase: the amount of enzyme required to release 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar by degradation from a beta-glucan solution having a concentration of 4mg/mL per minute at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 37 ℃ was one unit of enzyme activity, expressed in U.
Beta-mannanase: the amount of enzyme required for the release of 1. mu. mol of reducing sugar by degradation from a beta-mannan solution having a concentration of 3mg/mL per minute at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 37 ℃ was one unit of enzyme activity, expressed in U.
(3) Fermentation substrate material preparation: 13-25 parts of corn, 6-18 parts of soybean meal, 8-16 parts of corn germ meal, 8-18 parts of guniting corn bran, 16-32 parts of tea leaf residue and 4-9 parts of stone powder.
Wherein the tea leaf residue is from tea leaf refining, the surface of the primary tea is crushed to form broken tea, and the broken tea is collected uniformly. The water content is less than or equal to 7.0 percent, the total ash content is less than or equal to 7.5 percent, the water extract is more than or equal to 34.0 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 16 percent, the acid insoluble ash content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the tea polyphenol is more than or equal to 11.0 percent, and the catechin is more than or equal to 7.0.
(4) Preparing a compound bacterium activating solution: dissolving the compound bacteria prepared in the step (1) in a brown sugar aqueous solution with the proportion of 1:100, and activating at 34-36 ℃ for 12-24 h to prepare a compound bacteria activating solution.
(5) And (3) pouring the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (3), the complex enzyme obtained in the step (2) and the complex bacterium activating solution obtained in the step (4) into a mixer for mixing uniformly, wherein the coefficient of variation is less than or equal to 7%, and the weight ratio of the fermentation substrate to the activating bacterium solution is 3-4: 1.
(6) Packaging: and (3) filling the mixed materials into a packaging bag with a breathing film one-way exhaust valve bag, and sealing the packaging bag.
(7) Constant-temperature fermentation: and transferring the packaged materials to a constant-temperature fermentation chamber for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the constant-temperature fermentation chamber above 25 ℃, and stacking and fermenting for 3-5 d to obtain the finished product.
The invention adopts a bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation technology, can improve the utilization efficiency of microorganisms to macromolecular nutrient substances in the feed in the fermentation process, reduce anti-nutritional factors in the feed, improve the palatability of the feed and improve the quality of the feed. At present, the forage research on tea leaves mostly utilizes the fermentation of single or compound bacteria. By utilizing the bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation technology, the bacterium and the enzyme can play a role simultaneously, so that the nutrient substances in the tea leaves can be better degraded and digested and absorbed by animals.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following technical advantages:
1. the invention does not need to sterilize the mixed materials, adopts the bacteria and enzyme to carry out the synergistic fermentation, and can effectively inhibit the growth of other mixed bacteria because beneficial bacteria quickly grow and reproduce to generate a large amount of organic acid in the fermentation process.
2. The invention does not need to be dried after fermentation is finished, and the mixture is directly filled into a breathing membrane one-way exhaust valve bag for fermentation. Solves the problem of the bursting of the fermentation bag caused by the gas generated by sealed fermentation, greatly reduces the problem of the inactivation of active substances caused by high temperature in the drying process, and is beneficial to the preservation of the active substances of the biological feed.
3. The invention adopts the bacteria and enzyme to carry out the synergistic fermentation, the enzyme degrades the substances which can not be utilized by the bacteria into the substances which can be utilized by the bacteria, and the bacteria and the enzyme play a synergistic effect to better degrade macromolecular nutrient substances in the feed into small molecular substances which can be more easily digested, absorbed and utilized by animals, thereby promoting the growth of the animals.
4. The invention fully utilizes active substances in the tea leaves, combines beneficial bacteria in the bacteria enzyme synergistic fermentation, improves the intestinal flora of animals and achieves the effect of replacing antibiotics.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
A preparation method of a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing synergistic fermentation composite bacteria: the content of effective viable bacteria of Bacillus subtilis in the composite bacterial liquid is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not less than 1.0 × 109CFU/g。
(2) Preparing a synergistic fermentation complex enzyme: the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the compound enzyme solution is more than or equal to 1000U/g, the xylanase is more than or equal to 500U/g, the beta-glucanase is more than or equal to 3000U/g, and the beta-mannase is more than or equal to 50U/g, so that the compound enzyme with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 2200U/ml is prepared.
(3) Fermentation substrate material preparation: 23 parts of corn, 13 parts of bean pulp, 14 parts of corn germ meal, 12 parts of gunite corn husk, 30 parts of tea leaves and 8 parts of stone powder.
(4) Compound bacteria activating solution: uniformly mixing the composite bacteria prepared in the step (1) with 2% of brown sugar water solution according to the proportion of 1:100 to prepare composite bacteria activating solution, wherein the content of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2.1 multiplied by 109CFU/mL。
(5) And pouring the fermentation substrate, the complex enzyme and the compound bacteria activating solution into a mixer in sequence, and uniformly mixing, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation substrate to the compound bacteria activating solution is 3.8: 1.
(6) Packaging: and (3) filling the mixed materials into a packaging bag with a breathing film one-way exhaust valve bag, and sealing the packaging bag.
(7) Constant-temperature fermentation: and transferring the packaged materials to a constant-temperature fermentation chamber for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the constant-temperature fermentation chamber at about 28 ℃, and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the finished product.
The preparation method has the following characteristics:
(1) the fermented substrate tea leaves are subjected to the bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation treatment, so that crude fibers in the tea leaves are effectively degraded and can be fully utilized, meanwhile, the tea leaves contain various active substances, the growth of animals is facilitated, the tea leaves serving as non-grain feed can be utilized, the dilemma of people and livestock competing for grains in the breeding industry can be relieved, and the value of tea byproducts is effectively improved.
(2) The breathing membrane one-way exhaust valve bag is used for carrying out bagged fermentation, the breathing membrane one-way exhaust valve bag has one-way air permeability, air in the bag can be exhausted out of the bag from an exhaust valve, and outside air cannot enter the bag, so that the problem that the fermentation bag is burst due to gas production caused by sealed fermentation is solved, outside harmful bacteria can be effectively prevented from entering the bag, the safety and controllability of fermentation in the bag are ensured, and meanwhile, the breathing membrane one-way exhaust valve bag is beneficial to transportation and storage of feed.
(3) The production process saves the links of material sterilization and drying, saves equipment, energy and processing cost, and also avoids the inactivation of beneficial bacteria, enzyme and other active substances in the drying process.
(4) The fermented feed is rich in functional active substances such as high-activity probiotics, organic enzymes, unknown growth factors and the like, has better palatability and is easier to digest and absorb. The tea leaves in the feed contain various active ingredients, have natural functions of resisting oxidation, promoting immunity and the like, and can improve the quality of animal products. After 1-3% of the fermented feed prepared by the method is fed by the laying hens, the quality of eggs can be improved, the Ha's unit of the eggs is obviously improved, the fresh-keeping period of the eggs is prolonged, the concentration of ammonia gas in a breeding house can be reduced, the number of microorganisms in the air is reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the aim of antibiotic-free environment-friendly breeding is further fulfilled.
The resulting feed was subjected to relevant experiments:
1. laboratory animals and groups
Healthy Roman powder laying hens aged 242 days and similar in body weight and laying rate are randomly divided into 5 groups, 6 replicates of each group are adopted, 54 chickens are adopted for each replicate, the pre-feeding period is 7 days, and the experimental period is 42 days. The control group is fed with basic daily ration, 1%, 3% and 5% of the tea residue fungus enzyme synergistic fermented feed prepared by the invention is equivalently replaced by the experiment I, II and III groups on the basic daily ration, and 5% of the common fungus enzyme synergistic fermented feed is equivalently replaced by the experiment IV group. Other conditions were kept consistent.
2. Test index
Egg laying performance, average egg weight, Ha's unit, yolk color, concentration of ammonia in a livestock house and the number of microorganisms in the air;
3. basic ration formula:
TABLE 1 basic ration
The compound premix is provided for each kilogram of compound feed: vitamin A7000 IU, vitamin D34000 IU, vitamin E20 IU, vitamin K34 mg, vitamin B14 mg, vitamin B26 mg, vitamin B63 mg, 10mg of pantothenic acid, 20mg of nicotinic acid, 0.2mg of biotin, 1mg of folic acid, 500mg of choline chloride, 15mg of copper, 60mg of iron, 80mg of zinc, 100mg of manganese, 0.4mg of iodine and 0.3mg of selenium.
4. Results
TABLE 2 influence of tea leaf residue bacteria enzyme co-fermented feed on laying hen production performance and egg quality
TABLE 3 influence of tea leaf residue bacteria enzyme co-fermented feed on henhouse environment
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the average egg weight of the experimental group is significantly higher than that of the control group, the Ha's unit of the experimental group I and II is significantly higher than that of the control group, the Ha's unit of the experimental group III and IV is lower than that of the control group, the yolk color of the experimental group I is higher than that of the control group, the yolk color of the experimental group II, the yolk color of the experimental group III and the yolk color of the experimental group IV are lower than that of the control group, the egg laying rate of the experimental group I is significantly higher than that of the control group, the yolk color of the experimental group.
The results show that the tea leaf residue fermented feed provided by the invention can reduce the ammonia concentration of a livestock house and the number of microorganisms in the air, the quality of eggs can be improved and the laying rate of laying hens can be improved by adding 1% of tea leaf residue bacterial enzyme into the feed, and the feeding effect of the tea leaf residue bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed added with 1% of tea leaf residue bacterial enzyme is better than that of the common bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed added with 5% of common bacterial enzyme. The tea residue fermented feed can improve the egg quality, improve the animal production performance, reduce the concentration of ammonia gas in a livestock house and the number of microorganisms in the air, reduce the environmental pollution and has better feeding effect than the common bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermentation feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing synergistic fermentation composite bacteria: the compound bacteria comprise Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae;
(2) preparing a synergistic fermentation complex enzyme: the complex enzyme comprises cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase and beta-mannase;
(3) fermentation substrate material preparation: 13-25 parts of corn, 6-18 parts of soybean meal, 8-16 parts of corn germ meal, 8-18 parts of guniting corn bran, 16-32 parts of tea leaf residue and 4-9 parts of stone powder;
(4) compound bacteria activating solution: dissolving the compound bacteria prepared in the step (1) in a 2% brown sugar aqueous solution according to a ratio of 1:100, and activating at 34-36 ℃ for 12-24 h to prepare a compound bacteria activation solution;
(5) pouring the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (3), the complex enzyme obtained in the step (2) and the complex bacterium activating solution obtained in the step (4) into a mixer in sequence for uniform mixing, wherein the coefficient of variation is less than or equal to 7%;
(6) packaging: filling the mixed materials into a packaging bag with a breathing film one-way exhaust valve bag, and sealing the packaging bag;
(7) constant-temperature fermentation: and transferring the packaged materials to a constant-temperature fermentation chamber for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the constant-temperature fermentation chamber above 25 ℃, and stacking and fermenting for 3-5 d to obtain the finished product.
2. The preparation method of the laying hen tea residue bacterium enzyme synergistic fermented feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the content of effective viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1.5 x 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 109CFU/g, effective viable bacteria content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not less than 1.0 × 109CFU/g; activating the composite bacteria and 2% brown sugar water solution at a ratio of 1:100 in a fermentation tank at 34-36 deg.C for 12-24 h to obtain composite bacteria activating solution, and ensuring that the viable bacteria content of the activated bacteria solution is not less than 2.0 × 109CFU/mL。
3. The preparation method of the laying hen tea residue fungus enzyme synergistic fermentation feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cellulase activity is more than or equal to 1000U/g, the xylanase is more than or equal to 500U/g, the beta-glucanase is more than or equal to 3000U/g, and the beta-mannase is more than or equal to 50U/g; the complex enzyme with the enzyme activity more than or equal to 2000U/ml is prepared.
4. The preparation method of the laying hen tea dreg bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the tea dreg is from tea refining, and the surface of raw tea is crushed to form broken tea which is collected uniformly; the water content is less than or equal to 7.0 percent, the total ash content is less than or equal to 7.5 percent, the water extract is more than or equal to 34.0 percent, the crude fiber is less than or equal to 16 percent, the acid insoluble ash content is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, the tea polyphenol is more than or equal to 11.0 percent, and the catechin is more than or equal to 7.0.
5. The preparation method of the laying hen tea dreg bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation substrate to the composite bacteria activating solution in the step (5) is 3-4: 1.
6. A laying hen tea residue fungus enzyme synergistic fermentation feed, which is characterized by being obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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