CN107047987B - Compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep and application thereof - Google Patents

Compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep and application thereof Download PDF

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CN107047987B
CN107047987B CN201710199120.2A CN201710199120A CN107047987B CN 107047987 B CN107047987 B CN 107047987B CN 201710199120 A CN201710199120 A CN 201710199120A CN 107047987 B CN107047987 B CN 107047987B
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fattening sheep
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fermented feed
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sheep
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CN107047987A (en
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刁其玉
马涛
陶莲
贾鹏
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Inner Mongolia Hetao Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Technology Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention provides a compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which is characterized by being prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials: the corn-soybean protein feed additive is prepared from whole corn, corn germ meal, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, yeast, cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase. The invention further provides application of the compound fermented feed in fattening sheep feeding. The composite fermented feed provided by the invention can improve the average daily gain, dry matter feed intake, dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility of fattening sheep, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and improve the growth performance of the fattening sheep; meanwhile, the live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate before slaughtering can be improved, and the slaughter performance of fattening sheep is improved. The composite fermented feed provided by the invention is safe and convenient to use and has extremely high popularization value.

Description

Compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed, in particular to compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which can improve the apparent digestibility, growth performance and slaughter performance of the fattening sheep.
Background
In recent years, microecologics have attracted much attention by their unique action mechanism and their advantages of being non-toxic, residue-free, drug-resistant, etc. The microecological preparation has the main functions of changing the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota, enabling beneficial or harmless microorganisms to occupy population dominance, and regulating intestinal microecological balance by competitively inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic or harmful microorganisms. The microecological preparation is applied to mutton sheep breeding. Not only can improve the fermentation environment of the sheep rumen, but also can restore the balance of the dominant flora in the digestive tract and the microorganisms in the body. The digestion and utilization efficiency of the feed is improved, and the production performance and the product quality of the mutton sheep are improved; can reduce the conversion of protein to ammonia and amine, reduce the foul smell of excrement and improve the environmental sanitation; can also stimulate the immunologic function in the intestinal tract of the sheep, kill invasive germs in time and enhance the immunity of the sheep to diseases. Therefore, the micro-ecological preparation is utilized in a proper amount at a proper time, has remarkable social and economic benefits in mutton sheep breeding, and is gradually valued by various countries for development and utilization.
In the prior art, microecologics such as bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, compound bacteria and the like are used as additives for fattening sheep feeding. However, as the proportion of the fiber coarse fodder in the feeding of the fattening sheep is up to 30-70%, the problems of low coarse fodder bioavailability, poor growth performance and slaughter performance of the fattening sheep and the like generally exist when the micro-ecological preparation is only added for feeding the fattening sheep.
In order to overcome the above drawbacks, the prior art discloses the use of an enzyme preparation as an additive for feeding fattening sheep. For example: patent document CN105724792A discloses a wheat/rice straw feed containing an enzyme complexing agent, which comprises wheat/rice straw and the enzyme complexing agent; the enzyme complexing agent comprises: cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, pectinase and laccase. However, the technology takes wheat or rice straws harvested immediately as raw materials, so that the situation that the nutritive value and the feed intake are low exists, and the problem that the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of the feed are not ideal is still existed after only the enzyme agent is added.
In the prior art, a microbial inoculum and an enzyme agent are mixed and added so as to obtain a better effect. For example: patent document CN105341325A provides an enzyme-bacterium composite additive for straw silage/yellow silage fermentation, which comprises: leuconostoc mesenteroides, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus buchneri, cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase. For another example: patent document CN105724760A provides a crop straw fermented feed, which is prepared by fermenting crop straws as raw materials with an enzyme-bacterium complex agent; the enzyme-bacterium compound agent comprises: cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucanase, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri. However, the composite additive is applied to a single silage raw material, the synergistic effect of the fiber type raw material and the protein type raw material in the fermentation process cannot be exerted, and the obtained fermentation product still has the defects of low bioavailability and poor growth performance and slaughter performance of fattening sheep.
Therefore, the development of a compound fermented feed which can promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of fattening sheep and is convenient and safe to use is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the compound fermented feed which can promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of fattening sheep and is convenient and safe to use.
Specifically, the invention provides a compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials: the corn-soybean protein feed additive is prepared from whole corn, corn germ meal, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, yeast, cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase.
The specific enzymes and bacteria are mixed with the whole corn and the corn germ meal for fermentation, so that the digestibility, the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of the fattening sheep can be comprehensively improved.
The invention further optimizes the use amount of each component, thereby realizing the synergistic effect among the components, and ensuring that the digestibility, the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of the fattening sheep are further improved under the conditions of reasonable use amount of bacteria and enzyme and safe use.
Specifically, each ton of the raw materials contains: lactobacillus acidophilus greater than or equal to 1 × 1012CFU, Bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 × 1012CFU, yeast is not less than 0.5 × 1011CFU, cellulase more than or equal to 2.5 ten thousand U, xylanase more than or equal to 25 ten thousand U, beta-glucanase more than or equal to 50 ten thousand U; the balance of whole corn and corn germ meal.
As a formulation which can be used in practical application, each ton of the raw materials comprises: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10120.5-1 g of CFU/g lactobacillus acidophilus, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10120.5-1 g of CFU/g of bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10110.5-1 g of yeast with CFU/g, 20-50 g of cellulase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 2.5 ten thousand U/g, 20-40 g of xylanase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 25 ten thousand U/g and 10-20 g of beta-glucanase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 50 ten thousand U/g; (ii) a The balance of whole cornAnd corn germ meal.
In order to ensure the nutrition balance of the fermented feed and maximize the effects of the bacteria and the enzymes, the weight ratio of the whole corn to the maize germ meal is preferably 5-9: 1-5, preferably 7: 3.
in order to ensure that all raw materials are in full contact so as to be fermented fully and the obtained fermented feed has good effect, the whole corn is subjected to crushing treatment before mixed fermentation, and the whole corn is preferably crushed to the average length of 1-3 cm.
The fermentation is carried out by adopting a conventional method for fermenting the feed in the field, and the invention is not particularly limited.
The invention also protects the application of the compound fermented feed in the feeding of fattening sheep.
In practical application, the compound fermented feed is mixed with conventional feeds in other livestock raising fields to feed fattening sheep.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the compound fermented feed is mixed with corn, bran, soybean meal, oil residue, leymus chinensis, salt, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, vitamin and trace element mixture in a proper proportion and then fed to fattening sheep.
The vitamin and trace element mixture of the invention comprises: VA, VD, VE, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, iodine and cobalt. As a preferable scheme, each gram of the vitamin and trace element mixture contains: VA 13000-17000 IU, VD 2000-2500 IU, VE 30-70 mg, Fe 45-55 mg, Cu 10-15 mg, Mn 40-50 mg, Zn 20-30 mg, Se 0.3-0.7 mg, I0.3-0.7 mg, and Co 0.05-0.15 mg.
When the feed is actually fed, the compound fermented feed is used when fattening sheep are fed every morning and afternoon; during feeding period, the fattening sheep can drink water freely.
The compound fermented feed and the application formula thereof provided by the invention have the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the invention can fully play the synergistic action of all the components by mixing a plurality of specific bacteria and enzyme components with the whole corn and the corn germ meal. The healthy gastrointestinal tract is an indispensable prerequisite for fast fattening of fattening sheep, and the lactobacillus acidophilus provided by the invention has the functions of improving the animal immunity and regulating the intestinal microecological balance of animals. Active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process of the bacillus subtilis have obvious inhibiting effect on pathogenic bacteria or pathogenic bacteria conditioned by endogenous infection. The yeast can increase the number and activity of microorganisms in rumen by using their metabolic products, so as to reduce the concentration of lactic acid in rumen. The three probiotics can synergistically play a role in improving immunity, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and improving rumen environment, and maintain intestinal health of fattening sheep in the rapid fattening process, so that the aims of improving rumen fermentation and improving digestion and utilization efficiency are fulfilled. The acidic environment provided in the ensiling fermentation process can effectively activate lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, so that the lactobacillus acidophilus, the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomycetes can fully play roles after entering the rumen.
For the whole corn, the special lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose complex structure in the cell wall of the stem limits the digestion and utilization of components such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like of fattening sheep, thereby hindering the release of nutrients in the cell of the stem, leading to the reduction of the livestock digestibility when the straw is directly fed, and the addition of cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase can pertinently break the carbon chain structure, release nutrients such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like, and improve the utilization rate. And for the corn germ meal, the high cellulose content is one of factors which prevent the nutrient substances of the corn germ meal from being fully utilized by fattening sheep, the added enzyme substances can degrade the fiber and release protein, the protein is added into silage fermentation, and the problem of insufficient protein content in the fermented feed of a single raw material can be solved.
(2) In the prior art, different probiotics and cellulase are simply combined together, the single silage raw material adopted by the raw material often cannot achieve satisfactory effect, and the effect of the combination on the aspect of improving the growth performance of the mutton sheep is not obvious; according to the invention, through a series of experimental researches, the combination of lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase is determined to be fermented with the crushed whole corn and corn germ meal, and the growth performance of the mutton sheep is higher than the effect of mixed fermentation of single raw materials of probiotics, saccharomycetes or cellulase and single silage raw materials.
(3) The test result shows that: the composite fermented feed provided by the invention can improve the average daily gain, dry matter feed intake, dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility of fattening sheep, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio and improve the growth performance of fattening sheep. Meanwhile, the live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate before slaughtering can be improved, and the slaughter performance of fattening sheep is improved. The compound fermented feed provided by the invention is convenient to use and has an effect superior to that of the prior art.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following examples, the Lactobacillus acidophilus and the Bacillus subtilis are both more than or equal to 2X 1012CFU/g, products in domestic and foreign markets;
the yeast is not less than 1 × 1011CFU/g, products in domestic and foreign markets;
the cellulase is not less than 2.5 ten thousand U/g, and is a product in domestic and foreign markets;
the xylanase is not less than 25 ten thousand U/g, and is a product in domestic and foreign markets;
the beta-glucanase is not less than 50 ten thousand U/g, and is a product in domestic and foreign markets;
the rest materials can be purchased from feed market.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials; each ton of the raw materials comprises: 0.8g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 0.8g of bacillus subtilis, 0.8g of microzyme, 35g of cellulase, 30g of xylanase, 15g of beta-glucanase and the balance of whole corn and corn germ meal crushed to 2 cm; the mass ratio of the silage to the maize germ meal is 7: 3. in practice, the bacteria and enzymes are used in relatively small amounts, including about 700kg of whole corn and about 300kg of corn germ meal per ton of material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials; each ton of the raw materials comprises: 0.5g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 0.5g of bacillus subtilis, 0.5g of microzyme, 20g of cellulase, 20g of xylanase, 10g of beta-glucanase and the balance of whole corn and corn germ meal crushed to 2 cm; the mass ratio of the whole corn crushed to 2cm to the maize germ meal is 5: 1.
example 3
The embodiment provides a compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials; each ton of the raw materials comprises: 1g of lactobacillus acidophilus, 1g of bacillus subtilis, 1g of yeast, 50g of cellulase, 40g of xylanase, 20g of beta-glucanase and the balance of whole corn and corn germ meal crushed to 2 cm; the mass ratio of the whole corn crushed to 2cm to the maize germ meal is 9: 5.
experimental example: effect verification of effect of fattening sheep fed by composite fermented feed
1. Fattening sheep compound fermented feed:
a: compared with example 1, the difference is only that: the raw materials do not contain lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes;
b: compared with example 1, the difference is only that: the raw material does not contain cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase;
c: compared with example 1, the difference is only that: the raw material does not contain bacillus subtilis and xylanase;
d: compared with example 1, the difference is only that: the raw material does not contain corn germ meal;
e: compared with example 1, the difference is only that: monensin is used for replacing the lactobacillus acidophilus, the bacillus subtilis and the microzyme;
f: the compound fermented feed provided in example 1.
The compound fermented feed provided by each experimental group is mixed with corn, bran, soybean meal, oil residue, leymus chinensis, salt, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, vitamin and trace element mixture according to the same conventional proportion, and then fed to fattening sheep.
2. Test animals: selecting Dorper x small tailed Han sheep with weight (32 +/-1 kg), age of month close and good body condition for hybridization; lambs (not castrated) of the F1 generation were used as test sheep. Test sheep were fed 2 times daily at 4 and 16 points, respectively, with free access to water. The feeding amount is adjusted according to the feed intake of the sheep in the previous day, and about 10% of residual materials in the feeding trough are ensured.
3. Measurement index
1) Feeding test: initial weight, finished weight, daily gain, feed amount, residual feed amount, dry matter and organic matter feed intake;
2) slaughter performance: live weight and carcass weight before slaughter;
3) digestion metabolism test: stool samples were assayed for dry matter and organic matter.
4. Data processing
The experimental data were processed using Excel as raw data.
5. As a result: tables 1 to 3 show the results.
Table 1: influence of feeding different fermented feeds on growth performance of fattening sheep
Figure GDA0002658595080000071
Table 2: influence of feeding different fermented feeds on apparent digestibility of nutrients of fattening sheep
Figure GDA0002658595080000072
Figure GDA0002658595080000081
Table 3: influence of feeding different fermented feeds on slaughtering performance of fattening sheep
Process group numbering Slaughter number (head) Live weight before slaughtering (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Dressing percentage (%)
A 10 47.16 19.12 40.54
B 10 46.70 19.59 41.95
C 10 46.91 19.79 42.19
D 10 46.82 20.63 44.06
E 10 48.25 18.63 38.61
F 10 49.21 22.16 45.03
The results in tables 1-3 show that the composite fermented feed provided by the invention can improve the average daily gain, the dry matter feed intake, the apparent digestibility of dry matters and organic matters of fattening sheep, reduce the feed-weight ratio and improve the growth performance of the fattening sheep. Meanwhile, the live weight, carcass weight and slaughter rate before slaughtering can be improved, and the slaughter performance of fattening sheep is improved.
The results show that: the compound fermented feed provided by the invention can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and apparent digestibility of fattening sheep.
According to the invention, the compound feed provided by the embodiments 1-3 is subjected to the parallel detection, and the growing performance and slaughter performance of the fattening sheep obtained by the embodiments are obviously superior to those of the processing groups A-E. Among them, the embodiment 1 is the most excellent in comprehensive effect.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (6)

1. The compound fermented feed for feeding fattening sheep is characterized by being prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials: the corn protein feed comprises whole corn, corn germ meal, lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis, yeast, cellulase, xylanase and beta-glucanase;
each ton of the raw materials comprises: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10120.8g of CFU/g lactobacillus acidophilus, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10120.8g of CFU/g of bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10110.8g of yeast with CFU/g, 35g of cellulase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 2.5 ten thousand U/g, 30g of xylanase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 25 ten thousand U/g and 15g of beta-glucanase with the enzyme activity of more than or equal to 50 ten thousand U/g; the balance of whole corn and corn germ meal;
the weight ratio of the whole corn to the maize germ meal is 7: 3.
2. the composite fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the whole corn is subjected to a crushing treatment before mixed fermentation, and the average length of the crushed whole corn is 1-3 cm.
3. Use of the composite fermented feed according to claim 1 or 2 in feeding fattening sheep.
4. The use of claim 3, wherein the compound fermented feed is mixed with corn, bran, soybean meal, oil residue, leymus chinensis, salt, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, vitamin and trace element mixture and then fed to fattening sheep.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the vitamin and trace element mixture comprises: VA, VD, VE, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, selenium, iodine and cobalt.
6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the complex fermented feed is used when fattening sheep are fed every morning, afternoon; during feeding period, the fattening sheep can drink water freely.
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