CN115633732B - Fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115633732B
CN115633732B CN202211251564.3A CN202211251564A CN115633732B CN 115633732 B CN115633732 B CN 115633732B CN 202211251564 A CN202211251564 A CN 202211251564A CN 115633732 B CN115633732 B CN 115633732B
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fattening sheep
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姜宁
张晨雪
郑喜群
张爱忠
李沐阳
赵芳芳
赵磊
徐超
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Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 16 to 20 parts of leymus chinensis, 10 to 14 parts of straw, 43 to 53 parts of corn, 10 to 14 parts of bean pulp, 3.6 to 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 part of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 parts of premix. According to the invention, corn protein powder is used for replacing 25% of soybean meal in daily ration of fattening sheep in an equivalent manner, so that the growth of fattening sheep can be promoted, the utilization rate of fattening sheep on feed can be improved, the quality of mutton can be improved, and meanwhile, the fermentation of rumen and the health effect of fattening sheep bodies can be enhanced.

Description

Fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to solve the problems of shortage of protein feed resources, forbidden resistance and the like, the nutrition value of feed raw materials and the functions of probiotics are utilized to develop fermented feed, and the development of biological feed resources becomes a hot spot of current research. The fermented feed reduces the anti-nutritional factors and toxins of feed raw materials to a certain extent, improves the utilization rate of animals to the feed, improves the oxidation resistance and immunity of organisms to a certain extent, and is beneficial to the growth of animals.
The corn can generate about 30% of feed resource substances such as corn gluten meal, corn husks, corn germs and the like in the deep processing process, and the byproducts have rich nutrient substances, high yield and low cost, can be developed and utilized, can effectively save the feed cost, and can relieve the problems of feed resource shortage and the like.
Corn Gluten Meal (CGM) is the main process of producing starch from Corn to obtain the finished product. The processed CGM has the crude protein content of about 45-60%, the crude protein content of the CGM is different, and the difference of the nutritional value is larger. The proteins are mainly prolamine, glutelin, globulin and the like, and the contents of the proteins are respectively 60%, 22% and 1.2%. The animal has low absorption and utilization of most of the prolamine, and the mouthfeel of the prolamine is poor, so that the utilization value of the prolamine as a feed is reduced, and the raising cost is increased. Meanwhile, the content of hydrophobic amino acids (Ile, leu, val and Ala) and the like after CGM hydrolysis is high, and the content of essential amino acids (Lys and Trp) is low, so that the amino acids are unbalanced. Besides a large amount of protein nutrients, the CGM also contains rich carotenoids (zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, lutein) and the like. The CGM also contains a small amount of starch, cellulose, vitamin A and the like, wherein the cellulose is non-starch polysaccharide, is not easy to be hydrolyzed, has enhanced viscosity in the digestive tract, influences normal intestinal peristalsis of animals, and is not beneficial to digestion and absorption of the animals. Therefore, in order to maximize the benefit of CGM as a protein supplement in animal production and make full use of the nutrient substances, the structure of the nutrient substances needs to be improved by adopting some modern auxiliary technologies, and the problems of low utilization rate of the CGM can be effectively solved by utilizing the processing modes of nutrition regulation, physical, chemical, biotechnology and the like.
Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of the corn gluten meal and prepare the corn gluten meal into a high-quality sheep feed is a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technicians in the field,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 parts of leymus chinensis, 10 to 14 parts of straw, 43 to 53 parts of corn, 10 to 14 parts of bean pulp, 3.6 to 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 part of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 parts of premix.
Preferably, the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2 g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl per kilogram of the sheep feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn protein powder and a fermentation inoculant for fermentation.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculant is bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes.
Preferably, the bacillus, lactobacillus and yeast are in the hairThe number of viable bacteria in the ferment is independently 1×10 6 ～10 7 CFU/g。
Preferably, the fermentation time is 110-120 hours; the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the corn gluten meal to the zymophyte agent is 100 g:4-6 mL.
Preferably, the fermented corn gluten meal is mixed with corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with the leymus chinensis and the straw.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention aims to partially replace soybean meal by fermented corn protein powder, so that the growth performance and the antioxidation and immune functions of fattening sheep are improved. Because the fermented corn gluten meal improves the nutritional active substances in the product. The function of the feed is improved on the basis of nutrition active material histology.
The test of the invention selects 48 small-tailed han sheep X Australian white sheep F1 generation male hybrid sheep with the average weight of 33.81 +/-0.45 kg in 4 months, and randomly divides the sheep into 4 groups of 12 sheep. The control group, the 25% group, the 50% group and the 75% group respectively replace 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of bean pulp in the basic diet by fermented corn protein, and the precision-coarse ratio of the diet in the whole period of feeding is 7:3. Test period 70d, wherein the pre-feeding period is 10d, and the positive test period is 60d. And (3) researching the influence of FCGM on the growth performance, slaughter performance, rumen microbial fermentation and serum biochemical indexes of fattening sheep. The research results show that:
Throughout the experimental period FCGM had no significant effect on average dry matter feed intake (ADFI) of fattening sheep (P > 0.05). At 31-60 d, the Average Daily Gain (ADG) of 25% of fattening sheep is increased by 26.5% (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The ratio of the weight to the feed (F/G) was lower for each test group than for the control group throughout the period. The total and crude apparent digestibility of 25% of the fattening sheep were significantly higher than that of the control group and other test groups (P < 0.05). Neutral washed fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility was significantly higher for the 25% and 50% groups than for the control group (P < 0.05); the acid washed fiber (ADF) apparent digestibility of each test group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
The carcass weight and slaughter rate of 25% of fattening sheep are obviously higher than those of a control group (P < 0.05). The redness (a) and yellowness (b) values of the longus dorsi muscle at 45min were significantly higher for the 25% group than for the other groups (P < 0.05). The brightness (L) value at 24h was significantly higher for the 75% group than for the 25% and 50% groups (P < 0.05), and the yellowness b, shear, cooking, drip losses were significantly lower for each test group than for the control group (P < 0.05). The moisture content in the 50% and 75% group muscles was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), but the EE content was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05).
Rumen liquid pH was significantly higher in the 75% group than in the other groups (P < 0.05), rumen liquid ammonia nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), and butyric acid concentrations were significantly lower in the 50% and 75% groups than in the control group (P < 0.05).
At test 30d,25% of the groups had significantly higher serum Globulin (GLB) content than the control group (P < 0.05); creatinine (Cr) and Glutathione (GSH) levels in each test group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) content in the 25% and 50% groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At test 60d, the Total Protein (TP) content in the 25% group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the GLB content of each test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the Cr content of 75% group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05), the GSH, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) content in each test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the GPT content in serum of 50% group and 75% group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05).
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher in both the 25% and 75% groups than in the control and 50% groups (P < 0.05) at 30d of the experimental period. At trial 60d, total antioxidant power (T-AOC), GSH-Px content was significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control group; malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in the 25% group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, FCGM replaces 25% of soybean meal in daily ration of fattening sheep in an equivalent manner, so that the growth of fattening sheep can be promoted, the utilization rate of fattening sheep to feeds can be improved, the quality of mutton can be improved, and meanwhile, the fermentation of rumen and the health effect of fattening sheep bodies can be enhanced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 parts of leymus chinensis, 10 to 14 parts of straw, 43 to 53 parts of corn, 10 to 14 parts of bean pulp, 3.6 to 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 part of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 parts of premix; the preparation method is preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 17 to 19 parts of leymus chinensis, 11 to 13 parts of straw, 45 to 51 parts of corn, 11 to 13 parts of bean pulp, 4.0 to 5.2 parts of fermented corn gluten meal, 0.2 part of salt, 1.5 to 2.7 parts of baking soda and 2.2 to 3.4 parts of premix; the preparation method is further preferably prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of leymus chinensis, 12 parts of straw, 47-49 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 4.4-4.8 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.2 part of salt, 1.9-2.3 parts of baking soda and 2.6-3.0 parts of premix; more preferably, the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of leymus chinensis, 12 parts of straw, 48.3 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 4.6 parts of fermented corn gluten meal, 0.2 part of salt, 2.1 parts of baking soda and 2.8 parts of premix.
In the invention, the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of sheep feed.
In the invention, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn protein powder and a fermentation inoculant for fermentation.
In the invention, the fermentation inoculant is bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes.
In the invention, the viable count of the bacillus, the lactobacillus and the saccharomycetes in the fermentation inoculant is independently 1 multiplied by 10 6 ～10 7 CFU/g; preferably 5X 10 6 CFU/g。
In the invention, the fermentation time is 110-120 h; preferably 115h.
In the invention, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃; preferably 30 ℃.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the corn gluten meal to the zymophyte agent is 100 g:4-6 mL; preferably 100g:5mL.
In the invention, fermented corn protein powder is mixed with corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with leymus chinensis and straw.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 3.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder with 43 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 0.1 part of salt, 1.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and mixing the material 1 with 16 parts of leymus chinensis and 10 parts of straw.
The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of sheep feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: corn protein powder and zymophyte (bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes; the number of viable bacteria is independently 1×10) 6 CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the zymophyte agent is 100 g/4 mL.
Example 2
A preparation method of fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder with 53 parts of corn, 14 parts of bean pulp, 0.3 part of salt, 3.1 parts of baking soda and 3.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and mixing the material 1 with 20 parts of leymus chinensis and 14 parts of straw.
The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of sheep feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: corn protein powder and zymophyte (bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes; the number of viable bacteria is independently 1×10) 7 CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the zymophyte agent is 100 g/6 mL.
Example 3
A preparation method of fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 4.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder with 48.3 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 0.2 part of salt, 2.1 parts of baking soda and 2.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and mixing the material 1 with 18 parts of leymus chinensis and 12 parts of straw.
The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of sheep feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: corn protein powder and zymophyte (bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycete; the number of viable bacteria is 5×10 independently) 6 CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the zymophyte is 100 g/5 mL.
Experimental example 1
(1) Nutritional ingredients of fermented corn gluten meal
The Fermented Corn protein (ferntend Corn GlutenMeal, FCGM) is a product obtained by composite fermentation of protein powder remained after Corn is extracted with starch, and the protein powder is prepared by bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes, wherein the Dry Matter (DM) content is 45.12%, the Crude Protein (CP) content in the dry matter is 42.49%, the crude fat (EE) is 5.36%, the neutral washing fiber (NDF) 29.20%, the acid washing fiber (ADF) 7.41%, the crude Ash (Ash) 5.17%, the calcium (Ca) 0.35%, the phosphorus (P) 0.48%, the lysine (Lys) 0.73% and the methionine (Met) 0.33%.
(2) Test animal group and test ration
According to the invention, 48F 1 hybrid sheep of 4 months old, 33.81 +/-0.46 kg, healthy and well-grown small-tailed han sheep and Australian white sheep are selected, and are randomly divided into four groups by adopting a single-factor design method, each group is provided with 12 columns, and the earmark is recorded.
The corn in the concentrate is granular, and the fermented corn protein is wet. The corn, the cypress, the salt, the sodium bicarbonate, the premix and the like are uniformly mixed by a stirrer according to a proper proportion, and then are uniformly mixed with equivalent FCGM, thus obtaining the concentrate. Cutting the leymus chinensis and straw in the coarse material into 5-6 cm long by a hay cutter. The ratio of the fine materials to the coarse materials is 7:3. The fattening sheep is fed with 4 kinds of daily ration, and 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of soybean meal in the basic daily ration are respectively replaced by FCGM, namely a control group, a 25% group, a 50% group and a 75% group. The daily ration is prepared by referring to Chinese mutton sheep raising Standard (NY/T816-2004), and the composition and nutrition level of the daily ration are shown in Table 1.
(3) Test period and feeding management
The test feeding time is 2021, 7 months, 20 days to 2021, 9 months and 28 days, and the total test time is 70d, wherein the pre-feeding period is 10d, and the formal test period is 60d. And adding water into the disinfectant before the pre-test period, and sterilizing the sheepfold, the aisle, the trough and the water tank in a spray spraying mode, wherein the disinfectant is periodically sterilized during the test period. The daily ration of the test group is gradually changed into the test daily ration from the basic daily ration during the pre-feeding period, the test group is fed twice a day (4:00 and 16:00), the residues in the trough are cleaned before each feeding, and each group is provided with a free water fountain, so that water supply is sufficient, and free water drinking is ensured.
Table 1 test diet composition and nutrient level (dry matter basis,% DM)
Note that: 1) The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E and 14mg,Cu 3.5mg,Zn 21mg,Co 0.007mg,Mn 14mg,Fe 3.5mg,Se 0.07mg,I 0.07mg,Ca 4.2g,NaCl 3.5g of nicotinic acid for each kilogram of daily ration.
2) The metabolic energy is calculated (formula metabolic energy is calculated by referring to the raw material energy value of the general feed ingredients and the nutritive value table of Chinese sheep in NY/T816-2004), and the rest is measured value.
(4) Determination of growth performance index and method
4.1 food intake measurement
Daily ration materials are weighed for feeding on the same day in the formal period, the residual materials are weighed before feeding on the next morning, and the daily feed intake and the residual material amount of each group of sheep are accurately recorded. The average daily feed intake of each sheep, i.e., the daily feed amount minus the amount of the remainder divided by the number of sheep, was calculated.
4.2 average daily weight gain determination
All the experimental sheep were weighed on an empty stomach before the beginning of the experimental formal period, 16:00 pm, and recorded as initial weight, and the experimental period was weighed on an empty stomach every 30d and at the same time point. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of each sheep was calculated as the end of the formal period minus the initial weight divided by the number of days tested.
4.3 feed to weight ratio measurement the feed to weight ratio is equal to the average daily feed intake divided by the average daily gain.
4.4 apparent digestibility assay
On days 57 to 59 of the test period, a fecal sample was collected (immediately after defecation), each treatment group continuously collected for 3 days, and the sampling date was recorded, and the feces collected every day were uniformly mixed and divided into two parts, one part was treated with 10mL of sulfuric acid containing 10% added with 10mL of nitrogen fixation, and the other part was used for measuring the crude protein content, and the other part was used for measuring other nutrient contents. Freezing at-20deg.C. And (3) drying the feed sample and the manure sample in a drying oven at 65 ℃ for 72 hours, crushing the manure sample and the feed sample by a crusher, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, and placing in a self-sealing bag for storage.
And (3) determining by referring to feed analysis and feed quality detection technology. Crude fat (EE), crude Protein (CP), total energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content in the stock and manure samples. Neutral wash fiber (NDF), acid wash fiber (ADF) were measured using a fiber analyzer with reference to the method provided by Van Soest (Van S P J, robertson J B, lewis B a. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition [ J ]. J Dairy Sci,1991, 74:3583-97.). The apparent digestibility formula of the nutrient is as follows:
Apparent digestibility (%) =100-100× (b×c)/(a×d) of nutrient
Wherein:
a is the content of a certain nutrient in the feed (%)
b-is the content of a certain nutrient in the manure sample (%)
c is the content (%)
d is the content (%)
(5) Data processing and analysis
The test data were initially collated with Excel 2003, single-factor analysis of variance (one-way anova) with SPASS 19.0 software, multiple comparison tests with Duncan's method, P <0.05 as a criterion of significant difference, and the results are expressed as "mean ± standard error".
(6) Results and analysis
6.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on fattening sheep growth performance
As is clear from Table 2, the FCGM replaced the soybean meal and was not significant in the initial weight, the final weight, 1-30 dADG and ADFI of the fattening sheep (P > 0.05). The ADFI differences between groups were not significant (P > 0.05) at test period 31-60 d, with ADG significantly higher in the 25% group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The differences in ADFI and ADG were not significant (P > 0.05) between groups throughout the feeding period, and F/G was lower for each trial group than for the control group at all stages.
TABLE 2 influence of FCGM instead of soybean meal on growth performance of fattening sheep
Note that: the same line of data is marked with different lowercase letters indicating significant differences (P < 0.05), with the same letters or non-marked letters indicating insignificant differences (P > 0.05). The following is the same.
6.2 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on apparent digestibility of fattening sheep
The effect of FCGM equivalent replacement of soybean meal on apparent digestibility of fattening sheep is shown in table 3, and as can be seen from table 3, total and crude protein apparent digestibility of 25% group is significantly higher than that of control group and 50% and 75% group (P < 0.05). FCGM has no significant effect on apparent digestibility of coarse fat (EE), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) in fattening sheep (P > 0.05). Neutral washed fiber (NDF) apparent digestibility was significantly higher for the 25% and 50% groups than for the control and 75% groups (P < 0.05); the acid washed fiber (ADF) apparent digestibility of each test group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 3 influence of FCGM on apparent digestibility of fattening (%)
6.3 influence of fermented corn protein powder on economic benefits of fattening sheep
As can be seen from Table 4, when the fattening sheep unit price was calculated as 36.00 yuan/kg, each of the 25%, 50% and 75% groups produced an average economic benefit greater than the control group by 81.93 yuan/head, 64.91 yuan/head and 43.18 yuan/head, i.e., the 25% group produced the highest economic benefit.
TABLE 4 economic benefit analysis
(7) Discussion of the invention
7.1 Effect of FCGM on the growth Properties of fattening sheep
The test result shows that 25% of FCGM is added into the daily ration of fattening sheep to replace soybean meal, so that the growth performance of fattening sheep can be obviously improved, and the feed weight ratio of the feed is reduced. Related researches show that after the corn protein powder is fermented by microorganisms, the content of soluble proteins and small peptides is increased, so that the corn protein powder is beneficial to digestion and absorption of animals and meets the requirement of animal growth on proteins. The research shows that the addition of 10% fermented soybean meal can improve the growth performance of broilers. Research shows that 8% of fermented corn protein is used for replacing soybean meal in the ration of weaned pigs, and has no negative effect on the growth performance of the pigs. Jiang Xin et al (Jiang Xin, xu Hongjian, cui Ziqi, et al. Influence of fermented corn gluten meal on presactant Holstein male calf growth, plasma metabolites and rumen microbiota [ J ]. Chinese veterinary school report, 2020,40 (11): 2214-2219+2233.) A study shows that the addition of 5% of fermented corn gluten meal to calf diets can increase its daily gain and feed conversion rate, consistent with the results of this study. In this study, it was found that the average daily feed intake was lower in both the 50% and 75% groups than in the control and test 25% groups, which may be related to the high moisture of the fermented corn meal and the greater rumen volume occupied by the more fed fermented feed. Studies such as Shi et al (Shi C, zhangY, yinY, et al Bacillus subtilisAmino acid and phosphorus digestibility of fermented corn-soybean meal mixed feed with and fed to pigs. [ J ]. Janim Sci,2017, 95:3996-4004.) have found that after solid-state fermentation of a corn-soybean meal mixed feed using Bacillus subtilis, the external structure of the feed raw material is changed and the volume becomes large. Related studies have shown that providing a proportion of small peptides or intact proteins in the diet ensures normal growth of the animal. The fermented corn protein powder contains more nutrition active substances, and the nutrition active substances have the effects of regulating animal body health and nutrition regulation and control, and promote the conversion efficiency of feed.
7.2 Effect of FCGM on apparent digestibility of fattening sheep
The apparent digestibility of the animal to the feed reflects the absorption and digestion capacity of the animal to the feed, and the lower the nutrient content in the excrement is, the better the absorption effect of the animal to the feed is, so that the animal organism growth is promoted. The research result shows that FCGM has obvious influence on apparent digestibility of GE, CP, NDF and ADF of fattening sheep, lu Hui research shows that the microorganism fermentation feed can obviously improve apparent digestibility of DM and CP of lactation cows, zeng and other researches show that a proper amount of fermented miscellaneous meal can effectively improve apparent digestibility of CP, NDF and ADF by replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diet. The fermentation corn protein powder is helpful for the fattening sheep to absorb and utilize daily ration, thereby improving the growth performance of the fattening sheep. The corn protein is rich in a large amount of small peptide and probiotics, so that the utilization of the feed by rumen microorganisms is stimulated, and the secretion of digestive tract enzymes is promoted, so that the apparent digestibility of fattening sheep on nutrient substances is improved.
7.3 knots
(1) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that ADG of 25% group fattening sheep in the test period of 31-60 d is obviously increased.
(2) FCGM replaces soybean meal to increase apparent digestibility of GE, CP, NDF and ADF.
(3) The FCGM can replace soybean meal to improve the economic benefit of fattening sheep.
Experimental example 2 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on slaughter Properties and meat quality of fattening sheep
(1) Experimental design, experimental diet, nutrition level, experimental animals and feeding management were the same as in experimental example 1.
(2) Index and method for measurement
The last day after the end of the pilot test period, 3 sheep were randomly selected from each group for slaughter, and a total of 12 were slaughtered.
2.1 slaughter Performance determination
The fattening sheep is fasted for 24 hours before slaughtering and is weighed after water forbidding for 2 hours, the weight is recorded as the pre-slaughter live weight, the head, the hooves and the viscera are removed after the slaughter sheep is killed by the bleeding of the jugular vein, and the carcass weight is respectively weighed after peeling and separation. Namely carcass weight (kg).
Slaughter rate (%) =100×carcass weight/pre-slaughter live weight.
Area of eye and facial muscle: firstly, sticking the patch on the transverse eye surface muscle by using a sulfuric acid paper, selecting a square pencil with a side length of 1cm and a 2B pencil to draw the outline of the cross section, and calculating the eye area (cm) by occupying the square 2 )。
Back mark thickness: the thickness of the fat layer of the transverse section of the eye muscle between the 12 th and 13 th ribs was measured in units of (cm) using a vernier caliper.
GR value: the thickness of adipose tissue at 11cm from the midline of the dorsal line between the 12 th and 13 th ribs was measured with a vernier caliper as an index of the carcass fat content.
2.2 meat quality determination
1) Determination of flesh color
After the experimental sheep were slaughtered in the laboratory for 45min, the meat color was measured by using a CM-4 hand-held colorimeter, and the cross section meat sample of the longissimus dorsi (thickness must not be lower than 1.5 CM) was selected. Before detection, the surface of the meat sample is flattened, blood stains, fat and connective tissues on the surface of the meat sample are removed, and the instrument is calibrated. In measurement, the longest muscle sample detection surface of the back is tightly contacted with the lens of the instrument, and the leakage cannot occurLight. At this time, the brightness of the longus dorsi muscle was measured (L 45min ) Value, redness (a) 45min ) Value and yellowness (b) 45min ) The value, each meat sample is repeatedly measured for 3 times, and the average value is obtained; then the meat sample is put into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and the operation of 45 minutes is repeated to measure the brightness (L) 24h ) Value, redness (a) 24h ) Value and yellowness (b) 24h ) Values.
2) Determination of the pH value
And (3) measuring by adopting a handheld muscle pH meter, and taking the rear leg meat of the sheep for measuring within 45min after the sheep is slaughtered, wherein the length of the meat sample is not less than 3.0cm, and the width is not less than 2.5cm. Calibrating with standard solution before measurement, placing meat sample in beaker, directly inserting into meat sample with hand-held muscle pH meter, measuring each meat sample for 3 times continuously, and recording as pH 45 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then the meat sample is put into a refrigerator with the temperature of 4 ℃ for 24 hours, the operation of 45 minutes is repeated for measuring the pH value of the meat sample after 24 hours, and the pH value is recorded as the pH value 24 . The results are expressed as average values.
3) Measurement of drip loss
Taking the longest muscle sample of the back, binding one end of the mutton with a thin wire, placing the mutton in an edible plastic bag filled with air, tightly preventing the mutton from contacting with the plastic bag, vertically hanging the mutton sample in the bag, sealing the opening of the bag, hanging the mutton sample in a refrigerator with the internal temperature of 4 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out the mutton sample, and wiping the moisture on the surface of the mutton with neutral filter paper. Weighing to be W; the formula of the drip loss is as follows:
DS＝(W 0 -W 1 )/W 0 ×100％
wherein:
DL-drip loss in percent (%)
W 0 -hanging the front meat sample weight in grams (g)
W 1 The weight of the suspended meat sample is expressed in grams (g)
4) Cooked meat rate
About 100g of one-sided hind leg muscle was taken and the measurement was completed within 12 hours after slaughter. Weighing (W1) with a weighing scale (0.1 g); the sample is put on an electric furnace to be steamed for 45min, taken out and cooled for 30min or is spread in a cool place without wind in the room, and is weighed again after 30min (W2). Cooked meat rate = W2/W1 x 100%.
5) Shear force:
about 100g of rear leg meat is taken, the sample is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for curing for 48 hours, then measurement is carried out, the thawed rear leg meat is inserted into a thermometer and then is put into a water bath kettle at about 85 ℃ for cooking during measurement, when the temperature of the center of the meat sample reaches 70 ℃, the meat sample is taken out and cooled to room temperature, then the meat sample is drilled along the parallel direction of muscle fibers by a sampler, and the shear force value (N) of the meat sample is measured on a C-LM3 type shear instrument.
2.3 determination of conventional nutrient for meat quality
Weighing muscle sample stored at-20deg.C, drying in a freeze dryer for 72 hr, weighing the dried weight, and calculating water content. The CP, EE and Ash contents of the dried samples were measured according to Zhang Liying (Zhang Liying. Feed analysis and feed quality control technique (2 nd edition) [ M ]. Beijing: china agricultural university Press, 2007.) "feed analysis and feed quality control technique".
(3) Experimental data processing and analysis were the same as in experimental example 1.
(4) Results and analysis
4.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on slaughter Performance of fattening sheep
From table 5, it can be seen that FCGM replacing soybean meal has no significant effect on the eye muscle area, pre-slaughter live weight, back mark thickness and intramuscular fat of fattening sheep (P > 0.05). The carcass weight of the 25% group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the 50% group and the 75% group (P < 0.05), the slaughter rate of the 25% group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the 75% group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference from the 50% group (P > 0.05).
TABLE 5 influence of FCGM instead of soybean meal on slaughtering Properties of fattening sheep
4.2 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on fattening mutton quality
As can be seen from Table 6, the effect of FCGM on the quality of mutton to be fattened was that FCGM was used to replace soybean meal in daily ration of sheep to be fattened with the same amount of FCGM to slaughter mutton for 45min * Value and pH after slaughter for 24 hours, a * The difference is not significant (P>0.05). 25% group 45min mutton a * The values were significantly higher than for each group (P<0.05 25% group 45min mutton yellowness b * Is significantly higher than the groups (P<0.05 75% group 24h mutton brightness L * Significantly higher than 25% and 50% of the groups (P<0.05 A) is provided; mutton yellowness b for 24h of each test group * Is significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05 A) is provided; the shear force, cooking loss and dripping loss of each test group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05)。
TABLE 6 influence of FCGM on fattening mutton quality by substituting soybean meal
4.3 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on mutton nutritional ingredients of fattening sheep
As can be seen from table 7, FCGM, which is used to replace soybean meal in the feeding process of fattening sheep, has an effect of promoting improvement of moisture of mutton, and compared with the control group, moisture in the 50% group and the 75% group is significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The FCGM replacing the soybean meal has no significant effect on the crude protein content and crude ash content in mutton (P > 0.05). The crude fat content in the 50% and 75% groups was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 7 influence of FCGM on mutton chemical Components instead of soybean meal
(5) Discussion of the invention
5.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on slaughtering Performance of fattening sheep
Slaughter performance is closely related to animal growth performance, and closely reflects animal meat production performance. In addition, the slaughter rate of sheep is positively correlated with the pre-slaughter weight. Liu Dongxu (Liu Dongxu, wang Xiang, zhu Chongmiao, etc.. Influence of fermented soybean meal and bran on slaughtering performance and meat quality of Hu sheep [ J ]. Proc. Anhui academy of technology, 2020,34 (05): 6-10.) it was found that addition of 5% and 10% of fermented soybean meal and fermented bran to ration can increase the slaughtering rate of ram. In this study, the 25% group slaughter rate, pre-slaughter live weight, carcass weight, eye muscle area, back mark thickness and GR value were all higher than for each group. The reason is probably that the nutrient active substances such as small peptide, amino acid and the like in the proper concentration range in the fermented corn protein powder and the probiotics can promote the absorption of the nutrient substances by the gastrointestinal tract of the fattening sheep. The effects of the addition of seabuckthorn pomace to the diet on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and digestive tract content pH of fattening sheep [ J ]. Animal nutrition journal, 2018,30 (08): 3258-3266.) have found that the GR value of fattening sheep decreases with increasing seabuckthorn pomace, which is considered to be a possible role of certain pharmacodynamic functional components of seabuckthorn fruit, changing nutrient deposition in animal metabolic processes, and that the GR value and the back mark thickness in 50% and 75% of the groups in this study are both below 25% which may be related to the functional role of certain nutritional active substances in fermented corn gluten meal, which needs further investigation.
5.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder on the quality of fattening mutton, drip loss, pH value and flesh color are important characteristics for determining the quality of the mutton. The stability of meat color is one of the important quality impact indicators of fresh livestock meat, and meat color is also an important factor affecting consumer purchase. After the fattening sheep is slaughtered, glucose deposition in muscles can be caused, the muscles are promoted to generate glycolysis reaction to generate lactic acid, and the pH of mutton is lowered due to the accumulation of a large amount of lactic acid. The existing research shows that the lactobacillus fermented feed has no obvious influence on the pH of the muscle of the fattening pigs, which is consistent with the research result, and the related research shows that the pH of the mutton sheep after slaughtering for 45min is between 5.9 and 6.5, and the pH of the mutton is between 5.4 and 5.7 along with the degradation of myoglycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid, so that the quality and flavor of the mutton can be ensured by the fermented corn protein powder. The effect of fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and intramuscular amino acid content of fattening black pigs [ J ]. Raising pigs, 2020 (04): 5-8.) and the like are found by research, the fermented soybean meal can remarkably reduce the shearing force of fattening black pigs, remarkably reduce the drip loss of pork and remarkably improve the meat color score. Related researches show that the fermented soybean meal can improve the meat color of pork and reduce the shearing force of pork. The research results are basically consistent with the research results, and the equal amount of 25%, 50% and 75% of fermented corn protein can replace bean pulp, so that the meat color of fattening sheep can be improved, and the shearing force, the cooking loss and the dripping loss of mutton are obviously reduced.
5.3 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on mutton nutritional ingredients of fattening sheep
The nutritional content of meat is affected by a number of factors, including feed, carcass weight, variety, and the like. The compound probiotics are found in the research of white feather meat miscellaneous chickens, and the probiotics tend to increase the content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in chicken. Chen Ting (Chen Ting, conjuno red, wu Jiahan, etc.. Influence of the composite probiotic fermented feed on the apparent digestibility of Xuefeng black-bone chicken ration and meat quality [ J ]. Chinese animal husbandry and veterinary, 2019,46 (10): 2964-2972.) in the study of Xuefeng black-bone chicken quality, the probiotic fermented feed has significantly improved the dry matter and crude protein content in chicken and improved the meat quality and flavor of chicken. In the study, the FCGM has no obvious effect on the crude protein content in mutton, but the moisture content in 50% group and 75% group of muscles is obviously reduced, which proves that the FCGM has no negative effect on the protein content of fattening sheep, and can ensure the protein quality in mutton; a decrease in the moisture content of mutton indicates an increase in the dry matter and nutritional value of the mutton. Related researches show that the content of crude fat in pork can be effectively improved by replacing rice bran and rice bran meal with 8% of fermented feed. According to analysis of the nutritional components of mutton, the content of intramuscular fat of fattening sheep is obviously improved by replacing soybean meal with FCGM in fattening sheep diet. The study shows that feeding the feed containing FCGM can improve the content of the coarse fat of mutton, thereby having the characteristic of improving the meat quality.
5.4 knots
(1) The carcass weight and slaughtering rate of fattening sheep are obviously improved by replacing soybean meal with 25% FCGM.
(2) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the meat color of mutton is improved, the shearing force, the drip loss and the drip loss of the mutton are reduced, and the quality of the mutton is improved.
(3) The FCGM can promote the deposition of the crude fat content of mutton, and the fat deposition amount of 50% and 75% groups is the largest, so that the moisture content in the mutton is obviously reduced.
Experimental example 3 Effect of fermented corn gluten meal on rumen fermentation of fattening sheep
(1) Experimental design, experimental diet, nutrition level, experimental animals and feeding management were the same as in experimental example 1.
(2) Index and method for measurement
After animal test, 3 sheep were randomly selected for slaughter in each test group, and were fasted for 12 hours and water was forbidden for 2 hours before slaughter. And (5) uniformly mixing rumen fluids of different parts after slaughtering. 2 tubes (50 mL of each tube) of each sheep are stored by a centrifuge tube, and 200mL of rumen fluid with chyme is taken by a plastic package bag for standby; the rumen fluid pH was immediately measured in situ with a "PHs-3B" acidometer, and then the rumen fluid was filtered with four layers of sterile gauze. Centrifuging the other part of the filtrate at 4000r/min for 20min, collecting rumen fluid 1mL for determining NH 3 -N concentration; another 5mL rumen fluid was used for VFA measurement, and 1mL 25% metaphosphoric acid was added for measurement after uniform mixing, and measurement was completed within one month in order to prevent volatilization loss of fatty acid. 20mL of rumen fluid is reserved for measuring mycoprotein (BCP), and each sample is stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for measurement.
pH: and (3) measuring by using a PHS-3B type high-precision acidometer. Before measurement, the acidimeter is calibrated by using a calibration liquid, and then the rumen liquid is measured after the glass probe is wiped clean by using sterile gauze.
NH 3 -N concentration: determination of NH by rumen fluid after 100-fold dilution with physiological saline according to method Feng Zongci 3 -N concentration.
VFA: the VFA concentration was calculated by external standard method by measuring with water 515 type high performance liquid chromatograph.
Bacterial protein: the mycoproteins were colorimetrically determined by the Coomassie Brilliant blue method with reference to Bradford (Bradford M M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding [ J ]. Analytical biochemistry,1976,72 (1-2): 248-254.).
(3) Test data processing and analysis same Experimental example 1
(4) Results and analysis
As can be seen from table 8, the pH of rumen fluid of fattening sheep with FCGM added in diet is higher than that of control group, and the pH of rumen fluid of 75% group is significantly higher than that of each group (P < 0.05); the rumen mycoprotein content of the test group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Rumen liquid ammonia nitrogen concentration in 25% and 50% groups was not significantly different from control group (P > 0.05), but significantly higher than 75% group (P < 0.05). The 25% to control group butyrate molar ratio was significantly higher than that of the 50% and 75% groups (P < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid concentration, acetic acid and propionic acid molar ratio and the ethylene-propylene ratio of the rumen fluid of fattening sheep among all groups have no obvious difference (P > 0.05).
TABLE 8 influence of FCGM instead of soybean meal on rumen fermentation parameters of fattening sheep
(5) Discussion of the invention
The pH value of rumen fluid can comprehensively reflect the dynamic balance of the rumen microorganism fermentation environment [78] . Too high or too low a pH value is unfavorable for the growth and propagation of rumen microorganisms, and when the pH value is lower than 5.5, acidosis phenomenon can occur in animals. Ning Lili (Ning Lili Effect of Saccharum sinensis Roxb. Yeast fermentation concentrate on milk cow production Performance, serum Biochemical index and rumen fermentation parameters [ D)]Yangzhou: university of dulcimer, 2021.) the fermented feed is believed to be rich in mycoprotein, resulting in an increase in rumen pH. In the study, 75% of the groups are obviously higher than each group, the pH range of each group is 6.68-6.89, and the groups are all in the normal range, which shows that the fermented corn protein has no negative effect on rumen fermentation of fattening sheep.
Ammonia nitrogen in the rumen is a metabolite of proteins in the diet in the rumen at a concentration ranging from 6.30 to 27.5mg/dL suitable for microbial growth. Ghorbani et al [82] Research shows that the relative abundance of protozoa and partial protein degrading bacteria can raise ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen. The rumen liquid ammonia nitrogen concentration in this study was between 18.74-22.87 mg/dL, and 25% and 50% group ammonia nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher than the control group, which is probably the promotion of nutritional actives in the fermented corn gluten meal in the rumen The growth of microorganisms such as insects, etc., is related to improving the abundance of flora in the rumen and promoting protein degradation.
Volatile fatty acids are the main energy sources for ruminants, the main products of diet fermentation in the rumen, mainly including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and the like. Zhang Zheng (Zhang Zheng. Influence of active Yeast and its fermented feed on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility [ D)]Hula hao te: university of inner mongolia agriculture, 2017.), the yeast fermented feed can improve the content of total volatile fatty acids, jiang Xin and the like (Jiang Xin, zhang Liyang, zhao Xuejiao and the like]The Chinese animal husbandry and veterinary, 2018,45 (04): 905-915.) study found that adding fermented corn gluten meal to dairy cow diets increased the acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content in rumen fermentation. The results of this study showed that the total volatile fatty acids in the test group were slightly higher than in the control group, but did not reach significant levels, which may be related to strain selection and feed material composition during fermentation. The effect of probiotics on the growth performance, blood biochemical index and rumen fermentation of Nubia goats [ J ] is added into the diet ]The research of Chinese herbivore science 2021,41 (06): 6-12+23.) shows that probiotics can increase butyric acid content in volatile fatty acid of goat rumen. In this study, the control and 25% groups were found to have significantly higher butyrate than the 50% group and the 75% group. The related research shows that the butyric acid can act on the rumen epithelium to promote the growth and development of the rumen epithelium [86] . The test result shows that the total volatile fatty acid content is not affected by the replacement of soybean meal by the fermented corn gluten meal, and a proper amount of FCGM can promote rumen fermentation, so that the growth and development of rumen epithelial tissues can be promoted.
(6) Knot (S)
FCGM can replace soybean meal to promote rumen fermentation of fattening sheep and improve rumen pH and NH 3 N content, rumen pH of 75% is most prominent, NH of 25% and 50% group 3 The content of N is higher while also reducing the group butyric acid content by 50% and 75%.
Experimental example 4 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on serum Biochemical and antioxidant index of fattening sheep
(1) Experimental design, experimental diet, nutrition level, experimental animals and feeding management were the same as in experimental example 1.
(2) Index and method for measurement
The jugular vein blood collection is carried out on the empty stomach fattening sheep by using a 10mL disposable syringe before feeding in the 30d and 60d morning of the test period, and after the blood is centrifuged for 15min at 3500r/min, the serum is transferred into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube and is preserved at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ to be tested.
The physiological index in serum is measured according to the instruction of the kit. The test measurement serum physiological indexes comprise a fattening sheep serum Total Protein (TP) coomassie brilliant blue method, a Globulin (GLB) enzyme-linked immunosorbent method, an Albumin (ALB) bromocresol green colorimetry, a Glucose (GLU) oxidase method, a urea nitrogen (BUN) urease method, a Triglyceride (TG) GPO-PAP method, a reducing Glutathione (GSH) microplate method, a Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) ultraviolet colorimetry, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) microplate method, a glutamic pyruvic transaminase (AST) lisuride method, a Total Cholesterol (TC) COD-PAP method and a creatinine (Cr) creatinine oxidase method.
The oxidation resistance index mainly comprises the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) WST-1 method, catalase (CAT) ammonium molybdate method, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) colorimetric method, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) microplate method and Malondialdehyde (MDA) by TBA method. GLB kits were purchased from Shanghai, preferably, all other serum markers described above were purchased from Nanjing's institute of biological engineering.
(3) Experimental data processing and analysis were the same as in experimental example 1.
(4) Results and analysis
4.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on serum Biochemical index of fattening sheep
From Table 9, it is clear that at 30d of the test, equal amount of FCGM instead of soybean meal has no significant effect on the content of TG, TP, ALB, ALP, GLU, BUN, AST and TC in the serum of fattening sheep (P > 0.05). GLB content of 25% group was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), no significant difference (P > 0.05) from 50% and iii groups; the Cr and GSH levels in each test group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), and the GSH levels in each test group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). GPT levels were significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference from the 75% group (P > 0.05).
At test 60d, equal amount of FCGM replaces soybean meal, and has no obvious effect on TG, ALB, ALP, GLU, BUN and TC contents in fattening sheep serum (P > 0.05). The TP content in the 25% group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) from the 50% and iii groups. GLB content in serum was significantly higher for each test group than for the control group (P < 0.05); the Cr content of the 75% group was significantly higher than that of the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference from the 50% group (P > 0.05). GSH levels in each experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), and GPT levels in the serum of the 50% and 75% groups were significantly higher than in the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05). AST content in serum was significantly lower in each test group than in the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 9 influence of FCGM on serum Biochemical index of fattening sheep instead of soybean meal
Continuous watch
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4.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder to serum antioxidant index of fattening sheep by replacing soybean meal
As can be seen from Table 10, there was no significant difference in T-AOC, CAT activity, SOD activity and MDA content (P > 0.05) between groups at test 30 d. No significant difference in GSH-Px activity was found between the 25% and 75% groups (P > 0.05), both significantly higher than the control and 50% groups (P < 0.05).
At test 60d, there was no significant difference in CAT activity and SOD activity between groups (P > 0.05). T-AOC was significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control and 75% groups (P < 0.05); MDA content of 25% group was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05); GSH-Px in 25%, 50% of the group sera was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 10 influence of FCGM substituted for soybean meal on serum antioxidant index of fattening sheep
(5) Discussion of the invention
5.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on serum Biochemical index of fattening sheep
After the diet is digested and absorbed by rumen and intestinal tract in animal body, the nutrient substances in the diet are transported to whole body tissues and organs of animal through blood circulation. Therefore, the change of the serum biochemical index can reflect the digestion, absorption and metabolism of the animal organism nutrient substances. The albumin and globulin concentration in serum mainly reflects the digestion and utilization condition of animal organism to feed, and when the protein intake is insufficient or the absorption barrier is blocked, the albumin content in serum can be reduced. Albumin mainly reflects the energy supply of the organism and the formation of nutrient substances, while serum globulin mainly reflects the immune condition of the organism, and the high content indicates that the organism has stronger immune resistance. Urea nitrogen is a final product of protein metabolism in serum, and can comprehensively reflect the metabolism condition of proteins and amino acids in animal bodies.
In the study, FCGM is added into fattening sheep daily ration to improve the content of TP and GLB in serum, which is matched with Jiang Xin (Jiang Xin. Corn gluten meal solid state fermentation condition and feeding effect study of dairy cows [ D ] ]Haerbin: northeast university of agriculture, 2021.) the research results are basically consistent in solid state fermentation of zein in dairy cow feeding, which is likely that FCGM can promote the fermentation of the rumen of fattening sheep to daily ration, thereby improving fatteningProtein content and immunity of sheep blood. ALP, AST and GPT activities are indicators reflecting pathological changes of tissues such as animal body livers. Effects of protein levels of feed on Carnis Caprae Seu Ovis quality, serum enzyme activity, rumen fermentation and intestinal development [ J ]]Animal nutrition report, 2021,33 (03): 1493-1502.) and the like, found that excessive high or low hepatic load metabolism or protein intake resulted in increased ALP, AST and GPT activity. In this study, feeding fermented corn gluten meal increased GPT activity and decreased AST activity, all within normal limits. Wang Lveyu [92] Studies have found that fermented feeds can reduce GPT enzyme activity in lamb serum, which may be related to sheep age and feeding management and fermentation broth. This study found that with increasing FCM substitution, the enzymatic activity of ALP, AST and GPT appears to increase. The FCGM has a certain protection effect on the liver function of fattening sheep, and 25% of groups have the best effect.
GSH has the functions of scavenging free radicals, converting harmful substances such as free radicals into harmless substances, and removing the harmful substances from the body. The FCGM is an important antioxidant for animal organism vital activities, and the research discovers that the FCGM remarkably reduces the GSH content in the serum of fattening sheep; this may be associated with the combined action of small peptides and probiotics in FCGM, scavenging free radicals in the body, and thus improving the disease resistance of the body. Cr mainly reflects the health index of the kidney of the organism, is a metabolic product of Cr in blood, and is discharged through the kidney. Normally the content is about 53 to 106. Mu. Mol/L. The results of the study show that the Cr content in the serum of each test group in the early stage is lower than that of the control group, and the Cr content in the serum of 75% of the group in the later stage is higher than that of the control group, which indicates that FCGM with high substitution amount can not have adverse effect on the kidneys of fattening sheep. In the research, after FCGM is fed, the TC content in fattening sheep serum has a tendency of reducing, which indicates that FCGM has the effect of regulating lipid metabolism of animal bodies. In contrast, research conducted on Yu (Yu, liu, li Youying, etc. the effect of fermented miscellaneous meal on beef cattle growth performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients and biochemical index of serum [ J ]. Chinese animal husbandry, 2022,49 (02): 559-568.) revealed that fermented miscellaneous meal had a tendency to reduce the TC content in beef cattle serum, which may be caused by different strains and inoculum sizes selected for fermented feeds.
5.2 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on serum antioxidant index of fattening sheep
The change of the antioxidant enzyme system can reflect the health level of fattening sheep, and is an important expression for maintaining the health of animal bodies. Excess oxygen radicals can cause aging and disease in the animal body. Liu (Liu, yi Chunxia, han Yedong, etc.) the research on the production of peptide-rich feed by microbial fermentation of zein powder [ J ] feed industry, 2018,39 (17): 36-39.) shows that small peptides produced by microbial fermentation of zein powder can scavenge free radicals in animals, and simultaneously, more amino acids, antioxidative vitamins, etc. are produced during fermentation, which can scavenge free radicals in animals. Jiang Xin et al (Jiang Xin, cui Ziqi, liu Xin, et al. Influence of fermented corn gluten meal on calf growth, blood index, rumen flora and nutrient digestion [ J ]. University of northeast agricultural journal, 2019,50 (02): 46-55.) were studied in calf experiments and found that fermented corn gluten meal can significantly increase the level of T-AOC in calf plasma. Liu Hui (Liu Hui, ji Haifeng, wang Sixin, etc.) the influence of the compound lactobacillus fermented feed on the growth performance, fecal flora, serum immunity and antioxidant index of growing pigs [ J ]. Animal nutrition journal, 2022,34 (02): 783-794.) has shown that the compound lactobacillus fermented feed can remarkably improve SOD and GSH-Px in serum of growing pigs and remarkably reduce the content of MDA. Nasrollahi et al (Nasrollahi S M, zaliA, ghorbani G R, et al effects of increasing diet fermentability on intake, digestin, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and milk production of heat-stressed dairy cows [ J ]. Animal,2019,13 (11): 2527-2535.) have found that fermented feeds can significantly reduce MDA content in cow serum and relieve heat stress of cows. In the study, FCGM replaces soybean meal to obviously improve the contents of T-AOC and GSH-Px in the serum of fattening sheep, obviously reduce the MDA content in the serum, and has the most obvious group effect of 25 percent; the method can be combined with the combined action of small peptide content and probiotics in daily ration after FCGM fermentation to remove free radicals and toxic substances in blood, so that the antioxidant capacity of fattening sheep blood is improved, and the MDA content is reduced. The FCGM has certain promotion effect on improving the antioxidant capacity of the serum of fattening sheep.
Conclusion:
(1) FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the GLB, GSH and GPT contents of fattening sheep in the 30d test period are obviously improved, and the 25% group effect is most obvious. The Cr content of 25% and 50% is obviously reduced.
(2) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the content of AST and GSH of each test group of fattening sheep at 60d in the test period is obviously reduced, and the TP content, GPT content and Cr content of the groups of 50% and 75% in 25% groups are improved.
(3) FCGM replaces soybean meal to increase the content of GSH-Px in 25% group and 75% group of serum of fattening sheep at 30d of test period.
(4) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the contents of 25% group GSH-Px and T-AOC in serum and 50% group GSH-Px and T-AOC in the 60d of the fattening sheep in the test period are improved, and the content of 25% group MDA is reduced.
In the whole, the effect of 25% of the groups on fattening sheep is better than that of 50% and 75% of the groups, and the economic benefit is far higher than that of each group, so that the proposal that 25% of fermented corn protein powder is used for replacing bean pulp in actual production is more suitable for feeding fattening sheep.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The fattening sheep feed based on the fermented corn protein powder is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 parts of leymus chinensis, 10 to 14 parts of straw, 43 to 53 parts of corn, 10 to 14 parts of bean pulp, 3.6 to 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 part of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 parts of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 parts of premix;
the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of sheep feed;
the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting the corn protein powder and a fermentation inoculant;
the fermentation inoculant is bacillus, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes;
the viable count of the bacillus, the lactobacillus and the saccharomycetes in the fermentation inoculant is independently 1 multiplied by 10 6 ～10 7 CFU/g。
2. The fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation time is 110-120 h; the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃.
3. The fattening sheep feed based on the fermented corn protein powder, according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculant is 100 g:4-6 mL.
4. A method for preparing fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the fermented corn gluten meal is mixed with corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with leymus chinensis and straw.
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