CN115633732A

CN115633732A - Fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115633732A
Application number: CN202211251564.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜宁; 张晨雪; 郑喜群; 张爱忠; 李沐阳; 赵芳芳; 赵磊; 徐超
Original assignee: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-10-13
Filing date: 2022-10-13
Publication date: 2023-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-10-13
Also published as: CN115633732B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 16 to 20 portions of Chinese wildrye, 10 to 14 portions of straw, 43 to 53 portions of corn, 10 to 14 portions of soybean meal, 3.6 to 5.6 portions of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 portions of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 portions of premix. According to the invention, the corn protein powder equivalently replaces 25% of soybean meal in the daily ration of the fattening sheep, so that the growth of the fattening sheep can be promoted, the utilization rate of the fattening sheep on feed can be improved, the quality of mutton can be improved, and the rumen fermentation and the health effect of the fattening sheep body can be enhanced.

Description

Fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In order to solve the problems of shortage of protein feed resources, banning resistance and the like, the fermented feed is developed by utilizing the nutritive value of feed raw materials and the function of probiotics, and the development of biological feed resources becomes a hotspot of current research. The fermented feed reduces the anti-nutritional factors and toxins of feed raw materials to a certain extent, improves the utilization rate of animals to the feed, improves the oxidation resistance and immunity of organisms to a certain extent, and is beneficial to the growth of the animals.

The corn can generate about 30 percent of feed resource substances such as corn protein powder, corn bran, corn germ and the like in the deep processing process, and the byproducts are rich in nutrient substances, high in yield and low in price, so that the feed cost can be effectively saved, and the problems of feed resource shortage and the like can be solved by development and utilization.

Corn Gluten Meal (CGM) is the main process for producing starch from Corn to produce finished products. The content of the processed CGM crude protein is between 45 and 60 percent, the content of the CGM crude protein is different, and the difference of the nutritional value is large. The protein mainly comprises prolamin, glutelin, globulin and the like, and the content is respectively 60%, 22% and 1.2%. The absorption and utilization of most of the alcohol soluble protein by animals are low, and the taste of the alcohol soluble protein is poor, so that the utilization value of the alcohol soluble protein as feed is reduced, and the feeding cost is increased. Meanwhile, the content of hydrophobic amino acids (Ile, leu, val and Ala) and the like after CGM hydrolysis is high, and the content of essential amino acids (Lys and Trp) is low, so that the amino acids are unbalanced. CGM contains abundant carotenoids (zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, lutein) and the like besides a large amount of protein nutrients. The CGM also contains a small amount of starch, cellulose, vitamin A and the like, wherein the cellulose is non-starch polysaccharide, is not easy to be enzymolyzed, has enhanced viscosity in the digestive tract, influences the normal intestinal peristalsis of animals, and is not beneficial to the digestive absorption of the animals. Therefore, in order to maximize the benefit of CGM as a protein supplement in animal production and fully utilize the nutrients, modern auxiliary technologies are required to improve the nutrient structure, and the problems of low CGM utilization rate and the like can be effectively solved by utilizing processing modes such as nutrition regulation or physical, chemical and biological technologies and the like.

Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of the corn protein powder and prepare the corn protein powder into a high-quality sheep feed is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field,

disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 portions of Chinese wildrye, 10 to 14 portions of straw, 43 to 53 portions of corn, 10 to 14 portions of soybean meal, 3.6 to 5.6 portions of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 portions of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 portions of premix.

Preferably, the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca4, and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of the sheep feed.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting the corn protein powder and the fermentation microbial inoculum.

Preferably, the fermentation inoculant is bacillus, lactobacillus or yeast.

Preferably, the viable count of the bacillus, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast in the fermentation inoculum is independently 1 × 10 ⁶ ～10 ⁷ CFU/g。

Preferably, the fermentation time is 110-120 h; the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculum is 100g.

Preferably, the fermented corn protein powder, corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix are mixed to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with the Chinese wildrye and the straw.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention aims to partially replace soybean meal by fermented corn protein powder, and improve the growth performance, oxidation resistance and immune function of fattening sheep. Because the fermented corn protein powder improves the nutrient active substances in the product. The function of the feed is improved on the basis of nutrition active substance omics.

The invention selects 48 small tailed Han sheep X Australia white sheep F1 generation male hybrid sheep with the average weight of 33.81 plus or minus 0.45kg at 4 months of age, randomly divides the sheep into 4 groups, and each group has 12 sheep. And (3) replacing 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of soybean meal in the basic diet by fermented corn protein in a control group, a 25% group, a 50% group and a 75% group respectively, wherein the ratio of the fine to the coarse of the diet in the whole feeding period is 7. Trial period 70d, with pre-feeding period 10d, plus trial period 60d. The influence of FCGM on growth performance, slaughter performance, rumen microbial fermentation and serum biochemical indexes of fattening sheep is studied. The research result shows that:

FCGM had no significant effect on average dry matter feed intake (ADFI) of the fattening sheep throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of fattening sheep in 31-60d, 25% group is improved by 26.5% (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The material weight ratio (F/G) of each test group is lower than that of the control group in the whole period. The total energy and the apparent digestibility of crude protein of 25 percent fattening sheep are obviously higher than those of a control group and other test groups (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control group (P < 0.05); the apparent digestibility of acid-washed fiber (ADF) was significantly higher for each test group than for the control group (P < 0.05).

The carcass weight and the slaughter rate of 25 percent fattening sheep are obviously higher than those of a control group (P < 0.05). The redness (a) and yellowness (b) values of the longissimus dorsi at 45min were significantly higher in the 25% groups than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The brightness (L) values at 24h were significantly higher in the 75% group than in the 25% and 50% groups (P < 0.05), and the yellowness (b), shear, cooking loss, drip loss were significantly lower in each test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The water content in the muscles of 50% and 75% groups was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), but the EE content was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

The pH value of the rumen fluid of 75 percent group is obviously higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05), the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the rumen fluid of 25 percent group and 50 percent group is obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the butyric acid concentration of 50 percent group and 75 percent group is obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

At 30d of the experiment, the serum Globulin (GLB) content in 25% of the groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the creatinine (Cr) and Glutathione (GSH) content in each test group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) content was significantly higher in the 25% and 50% groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). At 60d of the test, the Total Protein (TP) content in 25% of the groups was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), the GLB content in each test group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05); the Cr content of 75% group is obviously higher than that of the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05), the GSH and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) content of each test group is obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the GPT content in the serum of 50% group and 75% group is obviously higher than that of the control group and 25% group (P < 0.05).

Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly higher in both the 25% and 75% groups than in the control and 50% groups (P < 0.05) during the trial period 30d. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and GSH-Px content in the 60d,25% and 50% groups of the test are significantly higher than those in the control group; the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the 25% group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05).

In conclusion, the FCGM equivalently replaces 25% of soybean meal in the daily ration of the fattening sheep, so that the growth of the fattening sheep can be promoted, the utilization rate of the fattening sheep on feed is improved, the quality of mutton is improved, and the rumen fermentation and health effects of the fattening sheep on organisms are enhanced.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder, which is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 portions of Chinese wildrye, 10 to 14 portions of straw, 43 to 53 portions of corn, 10 to 14 portions of soybean meal, 3.6 to 5.6 portions of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 portions of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 portions of premix; the composite material is preferably prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 17 to 19 parts of Chinese wildrye, 11 to 13 parts of straw, 45 to 51 parts of corn, 11 to 13 parts of bean pulp, 4.0 to 5.2 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.2 part of salt, 1.5 to 2.7 parts of baking soda and 2.2 to 3.4 parts of premix; the composite material is further preferably prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 18 parts of Chinese wildrye, 12 parts of straw, 47 to 49 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 4.4 to 4.8 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.2 part of salt, 1.9 to 2.3 parts of baking soda and 2.6 to 3.0 parts of premix; more preferably prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 18 parts of Chinese wildrye, 12 parts of straw, 48.3 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 4.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 0.2 part of salt, 2.1 parts of baking soda and 2.8 parts of premix.

In the invention, the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of the sheep feed.

In the invention, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing and fermenting the corn protein powder and the fermentation microbial inoculum.

In the invention, the fermentation inoculum is bacillus, lactobacillus and microzyme.

In the invention, the viable count of the bacillus, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast in the fermentation inoculant is independently 1 multiplied by 10 ⁶ ～10 ⁷ CFU/g; preferably 5X 10 ⁶ CFU/g。

In the invention, the fermentation time is 110-120 h; preferably 115h.

In the invention, the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃; preferably 30 deg.c.

In the invention, the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculum is 100g; preferably 100g:5mL.

In the invention, fermented corn protein powder, corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix are mixed to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with Chinese wildrye and straw.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A preparation method of a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 3.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 43 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 0.1 part of salt, 1.1 part of baking soda and 1.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and then mixing the material 1, 16 parts of Chinese wildrye and 10 parts of straw.

The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of the sheep feed.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn protein powder with fermenting agent (Bacillus, lactobacillus and yeast, with viable count of 1 × 10 ⁶ CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculum is 100g.

Example 2

A preparation method of fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 5.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 53 parts of corn, 14 parts of soybean meal, 0.3 part of salt, 3.1 parts of baking soda and 3.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and then mixing the material 1, 20 parts of Chinese wildrye and 14 parts of straw.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn protein powder with fermenting agent (Bacillus, lactobacillus and yeast, wherein the number of viable bacteria is 1 × 10 ⁷ CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculant is 100g.

Example 3

A preparation method of a fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder comprises the steps of mixing 4.6 parts of fermented corn protein powder, 48.3 parts of corn, 12 parts of soybean meal, 0.2 part of salt, 2.1 parts of baking soda and 2.8 parts of premix to obtain a material 1, and mixing the material 1 with 18 parts of Chinese wildrye and 12 parts of straw.

Preferably, the preparation method of the fermented corn protein powder comprises the following steps: mixing corn protein powder with fermenting agent (Bacillus, lactobacillus and yeast, wherein the viable count is 5 × 10 ⁶ CFU/g) mixed fermentation; the mass ratio of the corn protein powder to the fermentation inoculant is 100g.

Experimental example 1

(1) Nutrient component of fermented corn protein powder

The Fermented Corn protein (FCGM) is a product obtained by performing composite fermentation on protein powder left after starch is extracted from Corn by using bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast, wherein the content of Dry Matter (DM) is 45.12%, the content of Crude Protein (CP) in the dry matter is 42.49%, the content of crude fat (EE) is 5.36%, the content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) is 29.20%, the content of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) is 7.41%, the content of crude Ash (Ash) is 5.17%, the content of calcium (Ca) is 0.35%, the content of phosphorus (P) is 0.48%, the content of lysine (Lys) is 0.73%, and the content of methionine (Met) is 0.33%.

(2) Grouping of test animals and test daily ration

The invention selects 48 healthy small-tailed Han sheep X Australia white sheep F1 hybrid sheep with the age of 4 months, the weight of 33.81 plus or minus 0.46kg and good growth and development, adopts a single-factor design method, randomly divides the sheep into four groups, each group has 12 columns, and records the earmarking.

The corn in the concentrate is granular, and the fermented corn protein is a wet sample. The corn, bean cypress, salt, sodium bicarbonate, premix and the like are uniformly mixed by a mixer according to a proper proportion, and then are uniformly mixed with equivalent weight of FCGM to obtain the concentrate. The Chinese wildrye and the straws in the coarse material are cut into 5 to 6cm long by a hay cutter. The full-value material fine-coarse ratio is 7. Fattening sheep were fed 4 diets, FCGM was used to replace 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% of the soybean meal in the basal diet, respectively, as control, 25%, 50% and 75% of the groups. The preparation of the daily ration refers to the standard for mutton sheep breeding (NY/T816-2004) in China, and the composition and the nutritional level of the daily ration are shown in a table 1.

(3) Test period and feeding management

The experimental breeding time is between 7-20 days in 2021 and 28 days in 9-28 months in 2021, and the experiment lasts for 70d totally, wherein the pre-feeding period is 10d, and the formal experiment period is 60d. Before the pre-test period, disinfectant is mixed with water, sheepfold, aisle, trough and water tank are disinfected by spraying with a spray, and the disinfection is carried out periodically during the test period. The test group gradually transits the daily ration from the basic daily ration to the test daily ration during the pre-feeding period, the test group is fed twice a day (4, 00, 16.

Table 1 experimental diet composition and nutrient levels (% DM, dry matter basis)

Note: 1) The premix provides 1400IU of vitamin A, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 12mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca and 3.5g of NaCl for each kilogram of daily ration.

2) The metabolic energy is a calculated value (refer to the metabolic energy of a formula calculated by the energy value of raw materials in the conventional feed ingredients and nutritional value table for Chinese sheep in NY/T816-2004), and the rest are measured values.

(4) Method and apparatus for measuring growth performance index

4.1 measurement of food intake

In the formal period, daily grain materials are weighed when the sheep are required to be fed every day, the remnants are weighed before the feeding every morning, and the daily feed intake and the remnants of each group of sheep are accurately recorded. The average daily feed intake per sheep was calculated as the daily feed minus the amount of feed left divided by the number of sheep.

4.2 average daily gain determination

All test sheep were weighed on empty stomach at 16 pm 1d before the start of the official period of the test, and recorded as the initial weight, and the empty stomach weighing was performed at 30d intervals and at the same time point during the test period. The Average Daily Gain (ADG) of each sheep was calculated as the final weight minus the initial weight in the official period divided by the number of days tested.

4.3 Material weight ratio the measured material weight ratio is equal to the average daily feed intake divided by the average daily gain.

4.4 apparent digestibility determination

Collecting the feces samples (immediately after feces discharge) on 57 th to 59 th days of the test period, collecting the feces samples for 3d continuously in each treatment group, recording the sampling date, uniformly mixing the feces collected every day, dividing the feces into two parts, treating one part with 10% sulfuric acid added with 10mL of nitrogen fixation solution, and measuring the content of crude protein and the other part for measuring the content of other nutrient substances. And (5) putting the mixture into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for freezing storage. And (3) drying the feed sample and the excrement sample in a drying oven at 65 ℃ for 72h, crushing the excrement sample and the feed sample by using a crusher, sieving the crushed excrement sample and the feed sample by using a 40-mesh sieve, and placing the crushed excrement sample and the feed sample in a self-sealing bag for storage.

The determination is carried out according to feed analysis and feed quality detection technology. Crude fat (EE), crude Protein (CP), total energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in the feed and manure samples. Reference is made to the method provided by Van Soest (Van S P J, robertson J B, lewis B A. Methods for secondary fibers, neutral detergent fibers, and non-reactive polysaccharides in relationship to animal nutrition [ J ]. J Dairy Sci,1991, 74) for determination of Neutral Detergent Fibers (NDF), acid Detergent Fibers (ADF) using a fiber analyzer. The nutrient apparent digestibility formula is as follows:

apparent digestibility of nutrient (%) =100-100 × (b × c)/(a × d)

In the formula:

a-is a certain nutrient content (%)

b-is a certain nutrient content (%)

c-content of hydrochloric acid insoluble ash in feed (%)

d-is the content of hydrochloric acid insoluble ash (%) -in the feces sample

(5) Data processing and analysis

The test data were initially organized in Excel 2003, single-factor analysis of variance (one-way anova) was performed on the test data with SPASS 19.0 software, multiple comparison tests were performed with Duncan's method, P <0.05 was taken as the criterion for significant difference, and the results were expressed as "mean ± standard error".

(6) Results and analysis

6.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on growth Performance of fattening sheep

As can be seen from Table 2, FCGM is used for replacing soybean meal, and the differences of the initial weight, the final weight, 1-30 dADG and ADFI of the fattening sheep are not significant (P is more than 0.05). At trial 31-60 d, the ADFI differences between groups were not significant (P > 0.05) and the ADG was significantly higher in 25% of groups than in the control (P < 0.05). ADFI and ADG differences among groups were not significant (P > 0.05) throughout the feeding period, and F/G was lower in each test group than in the control group at all stages.

TABLE 2 Effect of FCGM substituted Soybean meal on growth Performance of fattening sheep

Note: the data in the same row are marked with different lower case letters to indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), and marked with the same letter or unmarked letters to indicate that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). The same applies below.

6.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder on apparent digestibility of fattening sheep

The influence of equivalent FCGM replacing soybean meal on the apparent digestibility of nutrients of fattening sheep is shown in Table 3, and as can be seen from Table 3, the total energy and the apparent digestibility of crude protein of 25% of groups are obviously higher than those of control groups and 50% and 75% of groups (P is less than 0.05). FCGM has no significant influence on the apparent digestibility of crude fat (EE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) of fattening sheep (P > 0.05). The apparent digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) in the 25% and 50% groups was significantly higher than that in the control and 75% groups (P < 0.05); the apparent digestibility of acid-washed fiber (ADF) was significantly higher in each test group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 3 influence of FCGM in place of the soybean meal on the apparent digestibility of fattening (%)

6.3 influence of fermented corn protein powder on economic benefits of fattening sheep

As can be seen from table 4, when the unit price of fattening sheep is calculated according to 36.00 yuan/kg, the average economic benefit of each sheep in the 25%, 50% and 75% groups in the test period is 81.93 yuan/head, 64.91 yuan/head and 43.18 yuan/head more than that of the control group, i.e. the economic benefit of the 25% group is the highest.

TABLE 4 economic benefit analysis

(7) Discussion of the related Art

7.1 Effect of FCGM on growth Performance of fattening sheep

The test result shows that 25% of FCGM is added into the daily ration of the fattening sheep to replace soybean meal, so that the growth performance of the fattening sheep can be remarkably improved, and the feed-weight ratio of the feed is reduced. Relevant researches show that after the corn protein powder is fermented by microorganisms, the content of soluble protein and small peptide is increased, the digestion and absorption of animals are facilitated, and the requirements of animal growth on protein are met. Researches show that the growth performance of the broiler chicken can be improved by adding 10% of fermented soybean meal. Research shows that when 8% of fermented corn protein is used for replacing soybean meal in daily ration of weaned pigs, no negative influence is caused on the growth performance of the piglets. The research on the influence of ginger Xin and the like (ginger Xin, xuhongjian, zhang cataqi, and the like) on the growth, plasma metabolites and rumen microbial flora of pre-weaning Hesitan male calves [ J ]. Chinese veterinary science, 2020,40 (11): 2214-2219+ 2233.) shows that the daily gain and the feed conversion rate of the calves can be improved by adding 5% of fermented corn protein powder into daily ration, which is consistent with the research result. In this study, it was found that the average daily food intake was lower in both the 50% and 75% groups than in the control and test 25% groups, which may be related to the fact that the moisture content of the fermented corn gluten meal was high and the larger rumen volume occupied by the fermented feed when fed more. Shi et al (Shi C, zhang Y, yinY, et al. Bacillus subtilis acid and phosphor differential stability of fermented corn-soybean meal mixed feed with fed to pigs. [ J ]. Janim Sci,2017, 3996-4004.) found that the external structure of the feed raw material was changed and the volume was increased after the solid-state fermentation of the corn-soybean meal type mixed feed using Bacillus subtilis. Related studies have shown that a proportion of small peptides or intact proteins are provided in the ration to ensure proper growth of the animal. The fermented corn protein powder contains more nutrient active substances, and the nutrient active substances have the effects of regulating the health of animal bodies, regulating and controlling nutrition and promoting the conversion efficiency of the feed.

7.2 Effect of FCGM on apparent digestibility of fattening sheep

The apparent digestibility of the animals to the feed reflects the absorption and digestion capacity of the animals to the feed, and the lower the nutrient content in the excrement is, the better the absorption effect of the animals to the feed is, which is favorable for promoting the growth of animal organisms. The research result shows that FCGM has obvious influence on the apparent digestibility of GE, CP, NDF and ADF of fattening sheep, and Luhui research finds that the microbial fermented feed can obviously improve the apparent digestibility of DM and CP by lactating cows, and research such as Zeng Yu finds that proper amount of fermented miscellaneous meal can effectively improve the apparent digestibility of CP, NDF and ADF by replacing bean pulp in beef cattle feed. The fermented corn protein powder is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of daily ration of the fattening sheep, thereby improving the growth performance of the fattening sheep. Possibly, the fermented corn protein is rich in a large amount of small peptides and probiotics, stimulates the utilization of rumen microorganisms to feed, and simultaneously promotes the secretion of digestive tract enzymes, thereby improving the apparent digestibility of fattening sheep to nutrient substances.

7.3 summary knot

(1) The FCGM replaces the soybean meal, so that the ADG of 25% of fattening sheep in the test period of 31-60 days is remarkably increased.

(2) FCGM replacement of soybean meal increased the apparent digestibility of GE, CP, NDF and ADF.

(3) The FCGM replaces soybean meal to improve the economic benefit of fattening sheep.

Experimental example 2 influence of fermented corn protein powder on slaughtering performance and meat quality of fattening sheep

(1) The experimental design, experimental daily ration and nutrient level, experimental animals and feeding management were the same as in experimental example 1.

(2) Index and method of measurement

At the end of the trial period, 3 sheep were randomly selected from each group for slaughter, for a total of 12.

2.1 slaughter Performance determination

The method comprises the steps of fasting for 24 hours before slaughtering of fattening sheep, weighing after water is forbidden for 2 hours, recording as live weight before slaughtering, removing heads, hoofs and viscera after the fattening sheep are killed by jugular vein bloodletting, and weighing carcass weight after peeling and separating. I.e. carcass weight (kg).

Slaughter rate (%) =100 carcass weight/live weight before slaughter.

Ocular and facial muscle area: firstly, the eye area (cm) is calculated by sticking parchment paper on the cross-section eye muscles, selecting the outline of the cross section of a square pencil with the side length of 1cm of a 2B pencil under tracing, and the number of occupied squares ² )。

Back label thickness: the thickness of the fatty layer of the eye muscle cross section between the 12 th and 13 th ribs was measured by a vernier caliper in units of (cm).

GR value: the thickness of adipose tissue at a distance of 11cm from the midline of the 12 th and 13 th rib ridges was measured with a vernier caliper as an index of carcass fat content.

2.2 meat quality determination

1) Determination of flesh color

After the test sheep are slaughtered in a laboratory for 45min, the flesh color is measured by adopting a CM-4 handheld color difference meter, and a flesh sample (the thickness is not less than 1.5 CM) of the longissimus dorsi cross section is selected. Before detection, the surface of the meat sample is flattened, blood stains, fat and connective tissues on the surface of the meat sample are removed, and the instrument is calibrated. During measurement, the longest muscle sample detection surface of the back is in tight contact with the lens of the instrument, and light leakage cannot occur. The brightness of the longest dorsal muscle (L) was then determined _45min ) Value, redness (a;) _45min ) Value and yellowness (b;) _45min ) Repeating the measurement for 3 times for each meat sample, and taking an average value; then placing the meat sample in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for 24h, repeating 45min operation to determine brightness _24h ) Value, redness (a;) _24h ) Value and yellowness (b;) _24h ) The value is obtained.

2) Determination of the pH value

Measuring with a hand-held muscle pH meter, and measuring the back leg meat of sheep within 45min after slaughtering sheep, wherein the meat sample length is not less than 3.0cm, and the width is not less than 2.5cm. The meat samples are directly inserted into the beaker by a hand-held muscle pH meter, and each meat sample is continuously measured for 3 times, and is recorded as pH ₄₅ (ii) a Then placing the meat sample in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for 24h, repeating 45min operation to determine pH value of the meat sample after 24h, and recording as pH ₂₄ . The results are expressed as mean values.

3) Determination of drip loss

The method comprises the steps of taking the longissimus muscle meat sample on the back, binding one end of the mutton with a thin line, placing the mutton in an edible plastic bag filled with air, strictly preventing the mutton from contacting the plastic bag, vertically hanging the meat sample in the bag, sealing the opening of the bag, hanging the meat sample in a refrigerator with the internal temperature of 4 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out the meat sample, and wiping the water on the surface of the mutton with neutral filter paper. Weighing the mixture into W; the formula for drip loss is as follows:

DS＝(W ₀ -W ₁ )/W ₀ ×100％

in the formula:

DL-loss of drip in percent (%)

W ₀ Weight of meat sample before suspension in grams (g)

W ₁ -hanging meatSample weight in grams (g)

4) Rate of cooked meat

One side of the hind leg muscle was taken about 100g and the measurement was completed within 12 hours after the slaughtering. Weighing (W1) with a sensitive (0.1 g) balance; and (3) putting the sample on an electric furnace, cooking for 45min, taking out, cooling for 30min or spreading in a cool place without wind indoors, and weighing (W2) after 30 min. Cooked meat rate = W2/W1 × 100%.

5) Shear force:

taking about 100g of ham, storing the sample in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, aging for 48h, then measuring, inserting a thermometer into the unfrozen ham during measurement, placing the ham in a water bath kettle at 85 ℃ for cooking, taking out the ham when the central temperature of the ham reaches 70 ℃, cooling to room temperature, then drilling the ham with a sampler along the direction parallel to the muscle fiber, and placing the ham on a C-LM3 type shearing machine to measure the shearing force value (N) of the ham.

2.3 conventional nutrient determination of meat quality

Weighing the muscle samples stored at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, putting the muscle samples into a freeze dryer for drying for 72 hours, weighing the dried weight, and calculating the water content. The CP, EE, and Ash contents of the dried samples were measured according to Zhangiyin (Zhangiyin. Feed analysis and feed quality detection technique [ M ] (2 nd edition): beijing: chinese agriculture university Press, 2007.) feed analysis and feed quality detection technique.

(3) The experimental data were processed and analyzed as in example 1.

(4) Results and analysis

4.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on slaughter Performance of fattening sheep

As can be seen from Table 5, the FCGM replacing the soybean meal has no significant effect on the eye muscle area, the pre-slaughter live weight, the back standard thickness and the intramuscular fat of the fattening sheep (P > 0.05). Carcass weight was significantly higher in 25% group than in control, 50% and 75% group (P < 0.05), and slaughter rate was significantly higher in 25% group than in control and 75% group (P < 0.05), with no significant difference from 50% group (P > 0.05).

TABLE 5 influence of FCGM as a substitute for Soybean meal on slaughter Performance of fattening sheep

4.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder on the quality of fattening mutton

The influence of FCGM on the quality of the fattening mutton is shown in Table 6, and the FCGM is used for equivalently replacing the soybean meal in daily ration of the fattening sheep to slaughter the mutton for 45min, so that the pH value and the brightness L are obtained ^* Values and pH 24h after slaughter, a ^* The difference is not significant (P)>0.05). 25% of mutton (a) for 45min ^* The value is significantly higher than that of each group (P)<0.05 25% of mutton yellow b at 45min ^* Significantly higher than each group (P)<0.05 Brightness L of 24h mutton in 75% group ^* Significantly higher than 25% and 50% of the groups (P)<0.05 ); mutton yolk b of 24h of each test group ^* Is significantly higher than that of a control group (P)<0.05 ); the shearing force, the cooking loss and the drip loss of each test group are obviously lower than those of a control group (P)<0.05)。

TABLE 6 influence of FCGM substituted soybean meal on mutton quality

4.3 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on mutton nutrient content of fattening sheep

The influence of FCGM instead of soybean meal on the nutritional ingredients of mutton in the feeding process of fattening sheep is shown in table 7, FCGM has a promoting effect on improving the moisture of mutton, and compared with the control group, the moisture in 50% and 75% of groups is significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). FCGM substituted for soybean meal had no significant effect on both crude protein content and crude ash in the mutton (P > 0.05). The crude fat content in the 50% and 75% groups was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 7 Effect of FCGM substituted Bean pulp on mutton chemistry

(5) Discussion of the preferred embodiments

5.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on slaughter Performance of fattening sheep

Slaughter performance is closely related to animal growth performance, and closely reflects meat production performance of animals. In addition, the slaughter rate of the sheep is positively correlated with the pre-slaughter live weight. The research on the influence of the fermented soybean meal and the fermented wheat bran on the slaughtering performance and meat quality of Hu sheep [ J ] proceedings of the Anhui scientific and technical institute, 2020,34 (05): 6-10 ] shows that the slaughtering rate of the rams can be improved by adding 5% and 10% of the fermented soybean meal and the fermented wheat bran into the daily ration. In this study, 25% of the groups had higher slaughter rates, pre-slaughter live weights, carcass weights, eye muscle areas, back mark thicknesses, and GR values than the groups. The reason may be that the nutrient active substances such as small peptides, amino acids and the like and probiotics in the appropriate concentration range in the fermented corn protein powder can promote the gastrointestinal tract of fattening sheep to absorb the nutrient substances. The research on the influence of sea buckthorn pomace added into feed on the growth performance, slaughtering performance, meat quality and pH of digestive tract contents of fattening sheep [ J ]. Animal nutrition bulletin, 2018,30 (08): 3258-3266.) finds that the GR value of fattening sheep is reduced along with the increase of the sea buckthorn pomace, the research considers that the GR value and the back mark thickness in 50% and 75% of groups are both lower than 25%, and the GR value and the back mark thickness are possibly related to the functional action of certain nutrient active substances in fermented corn protein powder, so that further research is needed.

5.2 influence of the fermented corn protein powder on the quality of the fattened mutton, drip loss, pH value and meat color are important characteristics for determining the meat quality. The stability of meat color is one of the important quality influence indexes of fresh livestock meat, and the meat color is also an important factor influencing the purchasing of consumers. After fattened sheep are slaughtered, glucose in muscles can be deposited, glycolysis reaction of the muscles is promoted to generate lactic acid, and the pH value of mutton is reduced due to the accumulation of a large amount of lactic acid. The existing research shows that the lactobacillus fermented feed has no obvious influence on the pH of the muscle of the fattening pig, which is consistent with the research result, and the related research shows that the pH of the mutton sheep slaughtered for 45min is between 5.9 and 6.5, the pH of the mutton sheep after 24h is between 5.4 and 5.7 along with the degradation of muscle glycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid, and the fermented corn protein powder can ensure the quality and the flavor of the mutton. Researches on influences of high rising (rising, hucho, hui, and the like) fermented soybean meal on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and intramuscular amino acid content of fattening black pigs [ J ]. Pig raising, 2020 (04): 5-8.) and the like show that the fermented soybean meal can remarkably reduce shearing force of fattening black pigs, remarkably reduce drip loss of pork and remarkably improve meat color score. Related researches show that the fermented soybean meal can improve the meat color of pork and reduce the shearing force of the pork. The research result is basically consistent with that of the method, the equivalent substitution of 25%, 50% and 75% of fermented corn protein for soybean meal can improve the meat color of fattening sheep, and the shearing force, cooking loss and dripping loss of mutton are obviously reduced.

5.3 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on mutton nutrient content of fattening sheep

The nutritional content of meat is affected by a number of factors, including feed, carcass weight and variety. The compound probiotics is found in the research of white feather broilers, and the probiotics tend to improve the content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in chicken. The research on the quality of Xuefeng silky fowl meat shows that the probiotic fermented feed obviously improves the dry matter and crude protein content in the chicken meat and improves the meat quality and flavor of the chicken meat. In the research, FCGM has no obvious influence on the content of crude protein in mutton, but the moisture content in muscles of 50% and 75% of groups is obviously reduced, which shows that FCGM has no negative effect on the protein content of fattening sheep and can ensure the protein quality in mutton; the reduction of the moisture content in the mutton indicates that the dry matter and the nutritional value in the mutton are improved. Related researches find that the content of crude fat in pork can be effectively increased by replacing rice bran and rice bran meal with 8% fermented feed. The analysis of the nutritional components of the mutton shows that the fat content in the muscle of the fattening sheep is obviously improved by replacing soybean meal with FCGM in the feed of the fattening sheep. The research shows that the feed containing FCGM can improve the content of the crude fat of the mutton when being fed, thereby having the characteristic of improving the meat quality.

5.4 nodules

(1) The 25% FCGM replaces soybean meal to obviously improve the carcass weight and the slaughtering rate of fattening sheep.

(2) FCGM replaces bean pulp to improve the meat color of mutton, reduce the shearing force, drip loss and drip loss of mutton, and improve the quality of mutton.

(3) FCGM replaces soybean meal to promote deposition of coarse fat content of mutton, fat deposition amounts of 50% and 75% of mutton are the most, and moisture content of mutton is remarkably reduced.

Experimental example 3 influence of fermented corn protein powder on rumen fermentation of fattening sheep

(2) Index and method of measurement

After the animal experiment, 3 sheep were randomly selected for slaughter in each experimental group, and were fasted for 12 hours and water-deprived for 2 hours before slaughter. After slaughtering, rumen fluids at different parts are mixed uniformly. Preserving 2 tubes (50 mL each tube) of each sheep by using a centrifuge tube, and taking 200mL of rumen fluid with chyme by using a plastic packaging bag for later use; immediately, the pH value of the rumen fluid is measured on site by a PHs-3B type acidimeter, and then the rumen fluid is filtered by four layers of sterile gauze. Centrifuging the other part of filtrate at 4000r/min for 20min, and measuring NH with 1mL rumen fluid ₃ -N concentration; another 5mL rumen fluid is used for determining VFA, 1mL 25% metaphosphoric acid is added during determination and is uniformly mixed for determination, and the determination is completed within one month in order to prevent the volatilization loss of fatty acid. 20mL of rumen fluid is reserved for determination of mycoprotein (BCP), and each sample is stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero for determination.

pH: measured by a PHS-3B type high-precision acidity meter. Before measurement, the acidimeter is calibrated by using a calibration solution, and then the rumen fluid is measured after a glass probe is wiped clean by using sterile gauze.

NH ₃ -N concentration: determining NH by the method of rumen fluid reference von Zoogli after 100 times dilution with normal saline ₃ -N concentration.

VFA: the measurement was carried out by a WATERS 515 type high performance liquid chromatograph, and the VFA concentration was calculated by an external standard method.

Mycoprotein: mycoprotein was measured colorimetrically by the Coomassie Brilliant blue method with reference to Bradford (Bradford M.A. Rapid and reactive methods for the quantification of microbial populations of protein digestion [ J ]. Analytical biochemistry,1976,72 (1-2): 248-254).

(3) Experimental data processing and analysis were the same as in Experimental example 1

(4) Results and analysis

As can be seen from Table 8, the pH of rumen fluid of fattening sheep added with FCGM in the diet is higher than that of the control group, and the pH value of rumen fluid of 75% of the groups is obviously higher than that of each group (P < 0.05); the rumen mycoprotein content of the test group is higher than that of the control group, but the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). The concentration of rumen fluid ammoniacal nitrogen in the 25% group and the 50% group has no significant difference with the control group (P > 0.05), but is significantly higher than the 75% group (P < 0.05). The molar ratio of butyric acid in the 25% group to the control group was significantly higher than in the 50% and 75% groups (P < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid concentration, the acetic acid and propionic acid molar ratio and the ethylene-propylene ratio of the fattening sheep rumen fluid among all the groups have no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05).

TABLE 8 influence of FCGM substituted Soybean meal on rumen fermentation parameters of fattening sheep

(5) Discussion of the related Art

The pH value of rumen fluid can comprehensively reflect the dynamic balance of rumen microbial fermentation environment ^[78] . The growth and reproduction of rumen microorganisms are not facilitated by too high or too low pH values, and when the pH value is lower than 5.5, acidosis can occur to animals. Ninlili (influence of Ninlili. Sugar cane molasses yeast fermentation concentrated solution on production performance, serum biochemical index and rumen fermentation parameter of lactating cow [ D)]Yangzhou: yangzhou university, 2021.) studies suggest that fermented feed contains abundant mycoprotein, resulting in an increase in rumen pH. In the research, 75% of the groups are obviously higher than those of each group, the pH range of each group is 6.68-6.89, and the pH ranges are all in a normal range, which indicates that the fermented corn protein has no negative effect on rumen fermentation of fattening sheep.

The ammonia nitrogen in rumen is the metabolic product of protein in diet in rumenThe concentration range of the compound suitable for the growth of the microorganisms is between 6.30 and 27.5 mg/dL. Ghorbani et al ^[82] Studies have shown that the relative abundance of protozoa and partially protein degrading bacteria increases the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in the rumen. In the research, the concentration of rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen is 18.74-22.87 mg/dL, and the concentrations of 25% and 50% of group ammonia nitrogen are obviously higher than those of a control group, which is probably related to that nutritional active substances in fermented corn protein powder promote the growth of microorganisms such as protozoa and the like in rumen, improve the flora abundance in rumen and promote protein degradation.

Volatile fatty acids are the main energy source of ruminants, are the main products of the rumen fermentation of the diet, and mainly comprise acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like. Influence of Zhangzheng (Zhangzheng. Active Yeast and its fermented feed on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility [ D]Call and wait: the research of the university of inner Mongolia agriculture, 2017 shows that the yeast fermented feed can improve the content of total volatile fatty acids, and the influence of the fermented corn protein powder on the rumen in-vitro fermentation characteristic and microbial flora of dairy cows [ J]A Chinese animal husbandry veterinarian, 2018,45 (04): 905-915.) research finds that the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in rumen fermentation can be improved by adding fermented corn protein powder into daily ration of dairy cows. The results of this study indicate that the total volatile fatty acids in the test group were slightly higher than the control group, but did not reach significant levels, which may be related to strain selection and feed ingredient composition during fermentation. Influence of probiotic addition to diet on Nubian goat growth Performance, blood Biochemical indicators and rumen fermentation [ J]Chinese herbivore science, 2021,41 (06): 6-12+ 23.) found that probiotics can increase the content of butyric acid in volatile fatty acid in goat rumen. In this study, it was found that the butyric acid content of the control group and 25% group was significantly higher than that of the 50% group and 75% group. Related researches show that butyric acid can act on rumen epithelium to promote growth and development of the rumen epithelium ^[86] . The test result shows that the fermented corn protein powder instead of the soybean meal does not influence the content of total volatile fatty acids, and a proper amount of FCGM can promote rumen fermentation and possibly promote the growth and development of rumen epithelial tissues.

(6) Small knot

FCGM can replace soybean meal to promote rumen fermentation of fattening sheep, and improve rumen pH and NH ₃ N content, rumen pH most prominent at 75%, NH in the 25% and 50% groups ₃ The content of-N is higher while also reducing the content of butyric acid of groups by 50% and 75%.

Experimental example 4 influence of fermented corn protein powder on biochemical and antioxidant indexes of blood serum of fattening sheep

(2) Index and method of measurement

Collecting jugular vein blood of fasting fattening sheep with 10mL disposable syringe before feeding in 30d and 60d of test period, centrifuging blood at 3500r/min for 15min, transferring serum into 1.5mL centrifuge tube, and storing at-20 deg.C.

The physiological indicators in the serum were determined according to the kit instructions. The physiological indexes of the serum measured by the test comprise a Total Protein (TP) Coomassie brilliant blue method of fattening sheep serum, a Globulin (GLB) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an Albumin (ALB) bromocresol green colorimetric method, a Glucose (GLU) oxidase method, a urea nitrogen (BUN) urease method, a Triglyceride (TG) GPO-PAP method, a reduced Glutathione (GSH) microplate method, a glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) ultraviolet colorimetric method, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) microplate method, an glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) lysine method, a Total Cholesterol (TC) COD-PAP method and a creatinine (Cr) sarcosine oxidase method.

The antioxidant indexes include content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) WST-1, ammonium molybdate Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) colorimetry, total antioxidant activity (T-AOC) microplate method, and TBA method for Malondialdehyde (MDA). The GLB kit is purchased from Shanghai preferably, and the kits used by all other serum indexes are purchased from Nanjing institute of bioengineering.

(3) The experimental data processing and analysis were the same as in experimental example 1.

(4) Results and analysis

4.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on Biochemical indicators of serum of fattening sheep

As can be seen from Table 9, at 30d of the test, the equivalent amount of FCGM substituted soybean meal had no significant effect on the contents of TG, TP, ALB, ALP, GLU, BUN, AST and TC in the serum of the fattening sheep (P > 0.05). The GLB content in the 25% group is significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and has no significant difference with the 50% group and the III group (P > 0.05); the Cr and GSH content in each test group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), and the GSH content in each test group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The GPT content in the 25% group and the 50% group is significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and has no significant difference with that in the 75% group (P > 0.05).

At the 60d test, the equivalent amount of FCGM replacing soybean meal has no significant influence on the contents of TG, ALB, ALP, GLU, BUN and TC in the serum of fattening sheep (P is more than 0.05). The TP content in the 25% group is obviously higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and has no obvious difference with the 50% group and the III group (P > 0.05). The GLB content of each test group in serum is obviously higher than that of a control group (P < 0.05); the Cr content in the 75% group was significantly higher than that in the control and 25% groups (P < 0.05), with no significant difference from the 50% group (P > 0.05). The GSH content in each test group is very significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the GPT content in the serum of 50% and 75% of the test groups is significantly higher than that in the serum of the control group and 25% of the test groups (P < 0.05). The AST content in serum of each test group is obviously lower than that of a control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 9 Effect of FCGM substituted Soybean meal on Biochemical indicators of fattening sheep serum

Watch continuing

4.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder instead of soybean meal on antioxidant index of blood serum of fattening sheep

As can be seen from Table 10, at test 30d, there was no significant difference in T-AOC, CAT activity, SOD activity and MDA content among the groups (P > 0.05). The GSH-Px activity of the 25% group and the 75% group is not significantly different (P > 0.05), and is significantly higher than that of the control group and the 50% group (P < 0.05).

At test 60d, there was no significant difference in CAT activity and SOD activity between groups (P > 0.05). The T-AOC of the 25% and 50% groups is significantly higher than that of the control group and 75% group (P < 0.05); the 25% group had significantly lower MDA content than the control group (P < 0.05); the GSH-Px in 25% and 50% of group serum is obviously higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

TABLE 10 influence of FCGM substituted soybean meal on the antioxidant index of fattening sheep serum

(5) Discussion of the preferred embodiments

5.1 Effect of fermented corn protein powder on Biochemical indicators of serum of fattening sheep

After the feed is digested and absorbed by rumen and intestinal tract in animal body, the nutrient substances in the feed can be transported to the whole body tissues and organs of animal by means of blood circulation and circulation. Therefore, the change of the biochemical indexes of the serum can reflect the digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrient substances of animal organisms. The concentration of albumin and globulin in serum mainly reflects the digestion and utilization condition of animal body on feed, and can cause the content of albumin in serum to be reduced when the protein intake is insufficient or the absorption barrier is blocked. The albumin mainly reflects energy supply of an organism and formation of nutrient substances, the serum globulin mainly reflects the immune condition of the organism, and the high content of the serum globulin indicates strong immune resistance of the organism. Urea nitrogen is a metabolic end product of protein in serum and can comprehensively reflect the metabolic conditions of the protein and amino acid in an animal body.

In the study, the addition of FCGM in the daily ration of fattening sheep can increase the content of TP and GLB in serum, which is in comparison with Jiangxin (Jiangxin, corn protein powder solid fermentation condition and the study on the feeding effect of dairy cows [ D ]]The harbin: northeast agriculture university, 2021.) the research results of corn protein solid state fermentation in cow feeding are basically consistent, and it is possible that FCGM can promote the fermentation of the rumen of fattening sheep on the daily ration and improve the protein content and the immunity of the blood of the fattening sheep. The activities of ALP, AST and GPT are indexes reflecting the pathological changes of tissues such as livers of animal bodies. Shunhuang (Shunhuang, liu Yuan, yin Yang Hei, etc. the effect of diet protein level on meat quality, serum enzyme activity, rumen fermentation and intestinal development in Guangfeng goats [ J]Animal nutrition, 2021,33 (03): 1493-1502.) found that increased activity of ALP, AST and GPT was caused by liver load metabolism or excessively low protein intake. In this study, feeding fermented corn gluten meal increased GPT activity and decreased AST activity, all within normal ranges. Wangyi ^[92] The studies found that the fermented feed can reduce the GPT enzyme activity in the serum of the lambs, which may be related to the age of the lambs, the feeding management and the fermentation strain. The present study found that the enzymatic activities of ALP, AST and GPT appeared to rise with increasing FCM substitution. The FCGM has a certain protection effect on the liver function of the fattening sheep, and the effect of 25 percent of groups is the best.

GSH has the functions of scavenging free radicals, converting harmful substances such as free radicals into harmless substances and discharging the harmless substances out of a body. The FCGM is an important antioxidant for the life activities of animal organisms, and the research shows that the FCGM obviously reduces the content of GSH in the serum of the fattening sheep; it is probably related to the combined action of the small peptide and the probiotics in the FCGM, and can clear free radicals in the body, thereby improving the disease resistance of the body. Cr mainly reflects the health index of the kidney of the organism, is a metabolite of Cr in blood and is discharged by the kidney. Normally it is present in an amount of about 53 to 106. Mu. Mol/L. The research result shows that the content of Cr in the serum of each test group in the early stage is lower than that of a control group, and the content of Cr in the serum of 75% of the test group in the later stage is higher than that of the control group, which indicates that the high-substitution FCGM can not generate adverse effect on the kidney of the fattening sheep. The contents of TG and TC in serum mainly reflect important indexes of development and deposition of body adipose tissues, and related researches show that the fermented cottonseed meal can reduce the contents of TG and TC in the serum of broiler chickens. Research on the influence of fermented miscellaneous meal instead of soybean meal on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of beef cattle [ J ]. Chinese animal husbandry veterinarian 2022,49 (02): 559-568.) and the like shows that the fermented miscellaneous meal has the tendency of reducing the TC content in the serum of the beef cattle, which may be caused by different strains and inoculation amounts selected from fermented feed.

5.2 influence of fermented corn protein powder on antioxidant index of blood serum of fattening sheep

The change of the antioxidant enzyme system can reflect the health level of fattening sheep and is an important expression for maintaining the health of animal organisms. Excess oxygen radicals can cause aging and diseases in animals. Studies of microorganism fermentation of corn gluten meal to produce peptide-rich feed [ J ] feed industry, 2018,39 (17): 36-39 ] show that small peptides produced by microorganism fermentation of corn gluten meal can scavenge free radicals in animal bodies, and meanwhile, more amino acids, antioxidant vitamins and the like can be produced in the fermentation process, and the free radicals in the animal bodies can be scavenged. The research on the influence of the fermented corn protein powder on calf growth, blood indexes, rumen flora and nutrient substance digestion [ J ] in experiments of calf feeding, wherein the influence of the fermented corn protein powder on calf growth, blood indexes, rumen flora and nutrient substance digestion is reported in university of northeast agriculture, 2019,50 (02): 46-55.) shows that the fermented corn protein powder can obviously improve the level of T-AOC in calf plasma. The influence of Liuhui and the like (Liuhui, quhaifeng, wangsxin, and the like) on the growth performance, fecal flora, serum immunity and antioxidant indexes of growing pigs is shown in the research of animal nutrition bulletin, 2022,34 (02): 783-794, and the research shows that the composite lactobacillus fermented feed can obviously improve SOD and GSH-Px in the serum of the growing pigs and obviously reduce the content of MDA. Nasrolahi et al (Nasrolahi S M, zaliA, ghorbani G R, et al. Effects of creating two nutritional benefits on intake, digestion, rumen promotion, blood metabolism and milk production of fat-strained dairy cow [ J ]. Animal,2019,13 (11): 2527-2535.) found that the fermented feed could significantly reduce the MDA content in the serum of cows and alleviate the heat stress of cows. In the research, the FCGM replaces the soybean meal to obviously improve the T-AOC and GSH-Px contents in the serum of the fattening sheep, and obviously reduce the MDA content in the serum, and the 25 percent group effect is most obvious; the biological feed can be used for removing free radicals and toxic substances in blood under the combined action of small peptide content and probiotics in daily ration after FCGM fermentation, so that the antioxidant capacity of the blood of fattening sheep is improved, and the content of MDA is reduced. The FCGM is shown to have a certain promotion effect on improving the oxidation resistance of the fattening sheep serum.

And (4) conclusion:

(1) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the contents of GLB, GSH and GPT of the fattening sheep at the 30 th day of the test period are obviously improved, and the 25% group effect is most obvious. Obviously reduces the content of 25 percent and 50 percent of Cr.

(2) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the content of AST and GSH in each test group of fattening sheep at the 60 th test period is remarkably reduced, and the content of TP in 25% of groups, the content of GPT in 50% of groups, the content of GPT in 75% of groups and the content of Cr in 75% of groups are improved.

(3) The FCGM replaces soybean meal to improve the content of GSH-Px of 25% and 75% of blood serum of fattening sheep at the 30 th day of the test period.

(4) The FCGM replaces soybean meal, so that the content of GSH-Px and T-AOC in 25% and 50% of blood serum of fattening sheep at 60d in the test period is improved, and the content of MDA in 25% of groups is reduced.

On the whole, the effect of 25% of the group on fattening sheep is better than that of 50% and 75% of the group, and the economic benefit is far higher than that of each group, so that 25% of fermented corn protein powder is recommended to replace soybean meal to feed fattening sheep in actual production.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 16 to 20 portions of Chinese wildrye, 10 to 14 portions of straw, 43 to 53 portions of corn, 10 to 14 portions of soybean meal, 3.6 to 5.6 portions of fermented corn protein powder, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of salt, 1.1 to 3.1 portions of baking soda and 1.8 to 3.8 portions of premix.

2. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the premix provides 1400IU of vitamin a, 350IU of vitamin D, 7mg of vitamin E, 14mg of nicotinic acid, 3.5mg of Cu, 21mg of Zn, 0.007mg of Co, 14mg of Mn, 3.5mg of Fe, 0.07mg of Se, 0.07mg of I, 4.2g of Ca, 3.5g of NaCl per kg of the sheep feed.

3. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fermented corn gluten meal is prepared by a method comprising: mixing and fermenting the corn protein powder and the fermentation microbial inoculum.

4. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the fermentation inoculum is Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts.

5. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the fermentation broth is independently 1 x 10 ⁶ ～10 ⁷ CFU/g。

6. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn gluten meal as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the fermentation time is 110-120 h; the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃.

7. A fattening sheep feed based on fermented corn protein powder as claimed in claim 3, wherein the corn protein powder and the fermentation bacteria agent are in a mass ratio of 100g.

8. The preparation method of the fattening sheep feed based on the fermented corn protein powder, according to any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that the fermented corn protein powder, corn, soybean meal, salt, baking soda and premix are mixed to obtain a material 1, and the material 1 is mixed with leymus chinensis and straw.