CN101142966A - Compound feed for cow and its production technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses composite feed for dairy cow and consists of the following raw materials: straw of 20 to 28 parts by weight (calculated by dry matter), carrot of 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight (calculated by dry matter), degradation bacteria of 500 to 1500 ml per ton straw (calculated by dry matter), brown sugar of 0.8 to 1.5 kg per ton straw (calculated by dry matter) and adequate water. After preparation, rubbing and crushing, mixing, spraying, compressing and baling, thin film packaging, sealing and fermentation, inspection and storage processes, compound feed favorite for dairy cow is produced. The invention feed has sourness and incense of silage and sweet and sourness of carrot and has high bacterial protein content, is rich in vitamin, meanwhile, having high nutritional value and good palatability, being eaten very fondly by dairy cow and other grazing animal, providing a good selection to dairy cow as picky eater from the most critical aspect, facilitating the preservation and transportation, providing the breeding of local dairy cow with high-quality functional roughage and having relatively low processing cost and broad market prospect.

Description

A kind of compound feed for cow and production technology thereof

[technical field]

The present invention relates to a kind of animal feed, is milk cow forage specifically, and the present invention also provides a kind of production technology of milk cow forage.

[background technology]

According to the statistics of national agricultural technology extension service centre, China's straw has 6.4 hundred million tons, and the roughage as ruminant needs is subjected to the restriction of technical capability, and a large amount of straws can not be used for dairy.And in the straw that has utilized, have only about 15% through the processing processing, undressed straw digestibility is low, protein content is low, palatability is poor, causes the cow feeding amount low, the raising of the restriction dairy level of production.At present, China has the main method that stalk is processed into milk cow forage following several:

1, ensiling: be exactly water content in 50%～70% fresh agricultural crop straw hand hay cutter weak point, compacting, sealing, carry out anaerobic fermentation.Characteristics such as it is simple to have technology, and storage capability is big, but raw material will have certain water content, and the moisture content of raw material of generally making ensiling should remain on 50%～70%, is below or above this water content, all is difficult for ensiling; Raw material will have certain sugar content.Generally require the raw material sugar content must not be lower than 1%～1.5%.Ensiling time requirement harshness.

2, little storage: be exactly the active bacterium of stalk fermentation in agricultural crop straw, put into the container of sealing then and preserve,, agricultural crop straw is become have the feed of sour fragrance, herbvore domestic animal happiness food through certain sweat.Palatability obviously strengthens, the digestibility of stalk and feed intake improve, and possesses simultaneously to be difficult for mouldy corruption, can long preservation etc. advantage.But nutriment is complementary poor, and the digestibility of feed remains further to be improved.

3, green hay briquetting: with regard to be to use stalk block making machine herbage, can feeding crop straws for producing become the forage grass piece.The general appearance herbage that looses, stalk capacity are 20-50kg/m ³, be convenient to store and transportation, and time saving and energy saving when feeding, reduce labour intensity, increase work efficiency.But the utilization rate of capacity and feed remains further to be improved, and nutrition also remains further abundant.

" the rural area know-all " of 2004 the 6th phases just confirms: increase the stem class plant and the brown sugar such as nutritional labeling, especially carrot of milk cow forage, milk matter, high yield and the stable yields that guarantees milk cow had important facilitation.Therefore improve milk cow forage the nutrition diversity, guarantee that the permanent cheap supply of feed has important economic implications.

[summary of the invention]

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of compound feed for cow at above deficiency exactly, and the present invention also provides the production technology of this compound feed for cow.The present invention compares with ensiling, has overcome the limitation of ensiling technology to material, takes blister-pack, takes more convenient; Compare with little storage, owing to added complementary nutriment, improved zymotechnique, nutrition is more comprehensive, and the digestibility of feed is improved greatly; Compare with the green hay briquetting, product processed nutrition is horn of plenty more, and good palatability, efficiency of feed utilization have obtained further raising.

A kind of compound feed for cow is made of following raw material:

Stalk 20～28 weight portions (in dry), carrot 0.8～1.2 weight portion (in dry), degraded 500～1500 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (in dry), brown sugar 0.8～1.5kg/ ton stalk (in dry) and suitable quantity of water.

Described stalk can be agricultural crop straws such as half-dried maize straw, dried maize straw, wheat straw, straw.

Described degraded bacterial classification is bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete mixture.

Described suitable quantity of water has guaranteed that total moisture content is 40%～50%.

As get: 24 parts of rice straws (dry), 1 part in carrot (dry), 1000 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (dry), brown sugar 1.4kg/ ton stalk (dry).Again after measured: during the water content 20% of rice straw, carrot moisture 90%, then the material ratio is calculated: the ratio of carrot is 1, and the proportioning of stalk is so: 24* (1-90%)/(1-20%)=3, i.e. stalk (water content 20%): carrot (moisture 90%)=3:1.This moment, carrot and the mixed water content of stalk were (3*20%+1*90%)/(3+1)=37.5%.If requiring the requirement of product total moisture content is 50%, the percentage of supplementing water consumption is 50%-37.5%=12.5%.

A kind of production technology of compound feed for cow is made by following steps:

One, get the raw materials ready, spray, mix:

Select do not have to go mouldy rotten agricultural crop straw and the carrot that does not have generation to rot according to weight portion, the kneading machine of sending into that stalk is orderly is rubbed, to throw in and rub on the broken stalk through pulverizing carrot simultaneously, make stalk, the carrot mixture is stand-by;

The bacterial classification of proportionally will degrading is put into a spot of brown sugar water, stirs, and the control mixing material brings back to life that to make the biological inoculum mixed liquor after 60～120 minutes stand-by between 35 ℃～40 ℃;

In the process of carrying stalk, carrot mixture, biological inoculum mixed liquor and the additional water of needs are sprayed on it with the automatic ration spray equipment, and mix.

Two, compression bundling: use the hydraulic pressure baler with the mixtures of materials extrusion modling.

Three, blister-pack: the material of moulding bundling is twined 1-3 layer plastic sheeting, and the thickness of every layer of plastic sheeting is the 0.05-2 millimeter.

Four, sealed fermenting: the material that will seal in plastic film tape is placed following fate and is finished fermentation:

During in 40 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=20 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 7-10 days;

During in 20 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=10 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 10-20 days;

During in 10 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=5 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 20-30 days.

Five, check warehouse-in: extract 2～5% product, color is pale yellow to sepia, and smell is pure fragrance, and moisture is between 40%-50%, and 4≤pH value≤5 are qualified finished product, deposit warehouse-in.

Laboratory report:

One, materials and methods

1, select for the examination ox: select the Henan Province milk cow to breed 60 of center test oxen, require the output of milk approaching, the first-born ox and body condition are normal, and the period of giving milk is comparatively near (4-5 month).

2, test method: 60 oxen are divided into 2 groups immediately, and the A group is test group, and the B group is control group.Take two different phases (contrast, test) contrast test.Raise the phase in advance, the ensilage 15kg that throws something and feeds every every day, experimental period,, A organizes throw something and feed every every day ensilage 15kg, mixed feed 10kg of the present invention; A organizes the ensilage 25kg that throws something and feeds every every day, and experimental period is carried out the record of giving milk.

Every day, every confession tried ox daily ration table composed as follows:

	Fine fodder (Kg)	Ensilage (Kg)	Hay (Kg)	Ox hamburger (Kg)	Poor slag (Kg)
						Control group B	14	25	5	0	10
Experimental group A	14	15	2	10	10

Feeding method: every day No. three material loadings, earlier thick back is smart, freely drinks water.

Test period: give 10 days examination phases, 30 days experimental periods on 1 day～March 20 February in 2007.

3, the statistics of giving milk

The test ox is milked three times every day, in time writes down each output of milk.Utilize the DHI system, gathered the sample of once suckling every 5 days and measure milk composition.

Output of milk list unit: kg

Date	February 11	February 12	February 13	February 14	February 15	February 16	February 17	February 18	February 19	February 20
											The A group	1119	1100	1121	1124	1119	1111	1112	1113	1090	1109
The B group	1078	1056	1084	1081	1072	1004	1059	1064	1058	1010
											Date	February 21	February 22	February 23	February 24	February 25	February 26	February 27	February 28	February 29	February 30
The A group	1098	1082	1081	1087	1079	1068	1051	1066	1069	1058
											The B group	1063	1048	1043	1052	1029	1011	1033	1042	1022	1013
Date	March 1	March 2	March 3	March 4	March 5	March 6	March 7	March 8	March 9	March 10
											The A group	1048	1061	1055	1051	1057	1050	1044	1042	1040	1046
The B group	1002	998	1003	992	998	987	996	986	983	982

Cow's milk butterfat percnetage, protein ratio are measured information slip:

Project	Control group	Test group
			Butterfat percnetage	3.40±0.33	3.62±0.31
Protein ratio	2.76±0.32	3.41±0.42

Two, result and analysis:

In experimental period, A group common property milk 32351kg, the average output of milk is 35.95kg, B group common property milk 26902kg, the average output of milk is 29.89kg.Adopt paired experiment mean significance test of difference-t check, the average output of milk of carrying out two groups compares, and difference is extremely remarkable.Cow's milk butterfat percnetage, protein ratio obviously improve, and difference is extremely remarkable.

As seen, the present invention's beneficial effect that can reach is:

1, the present invention is according to the problem of the roughage processing that exists in central plain area's raising dairy cattle, be raw material mainly with stalk, carrot, pulverize back utilization rate height through rubbing, the forage grass of producing like this has that the acid of ensiling is fragrant, carrot sour-sweet, mycoprotein content height contains abundant vitamin, is of high nutritive value, palatability is good especially, and plant-eating animals such as milk cow enjoy a lot to search for food.

2, mixed feed of the present invention compression back density is big, is convenient to storage and transport, as the commodity field that circulates.Opening bag can feed, and not only is fit to milk cow and raises the family use scattered, also helps scale milk cow grassland TMR or the use of feeding separately.

3, the treated feed good palatability of the present invention, water content is (40%-50%) suitably, and is balanced in nutrition, the digestibility height.Most critical be to have solved milk cow property particular about food problem, this is most important aspect raising dairy cattle.

4, raw material resources can be selected according to different regions local resources situation, and use all can be developed in the southern at home north, and for local milk cattle cultivating provides high-quality functional producting stalk fodder, and processing cost is relatively cheap, and market prospects are wide.

5, the present invention is as farming district breeding milk cow roughage new product, and the taste of collection nutrition, convenience, suitable milk cow becomes functional milk cow feed product of new generation, and is convenient to transportation formation commodity, does not have like product on the domestic and international market, and market prospects are wide.

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 is technological process of production figure of the present invention.

[specific embodiment]

Embodiment 1:

24 parts of rice straws (dry), 1 part in carrot (dry), 1000 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (dry), brown sugar 1.4kg/ ton stalk (dry).

After measured: during the water content 20% of rice straw, carrot moisture 90%.

The material ratio is calculated: the ratio of carrot is 1, and the proportioning of stalk is so: 24* (1-90%)/(1-20%)=3.That is stalk (water content 20%): carrot (moisture 90%)=3: 1.The mixed water content of carrot and stalk is (3*20%+1*90%)/(3+1)=37.5%.

The supplementing water consumption calculates: it is 50% that the product total moisture content requires, and is 37.5% o'clock at material moisture, and the supplementing water consumption is 50%-37.5%=12.5%.

The preparation of bio-active bacteria (fungi) liquid: earlier bio-active bacteria (fungi) is put into a small amount of 0.5% red sugar, 35～40 ℃ of temperature stir, and bring back to life 110 minutes.If process 10 tons of stalks (water content 20%), need 1000 milliliters/ton=8000 milliliters of 10 tons of * of bacterial classification (1-20%) *, need 10 tons of * of brown sugar (1-20%) * 1.4kg/ ton=11.2kg.The supplementing water consumption is (10 tons+10 tons * 1/3) * 12.5%=1.67 ton.11.2kg brown sugar is made into 0.5% solution, again 8000 milliliters of bacterial classifications is put into 0.5% brown sugar solution and bring back to life, and then add 1.67 tons of water.

Process of manufacture is as follows:

One, get the raw materials ready, spray, mix:

Select do not have to go mouldy rotten rice straw and the carrot that does not have generation to rot according to weight portion, the kneading machine of sending into that stalk is orderly is rubbed, to throw in through the pulverizing carrot of slicer simultaneously and rub on the broken rice straw, make stalk, the carrot mixture is stand-by;

The bacterial classification of proportionally will degrading is put into a spot of 0.5% red sugar, stirs, and the control mixing material brings back to life that to make the biological inoculum mixed liquor after 110 minutes stand-by between 35～40 ℃;

On the baler conveyer belt, carry in the process of rice straw, carrot mixture biological inoculum mixed liquor and 1.67 tons of water are sprayed on it with the automatic ration spray equipment, and mix.

Two, compression bundling: use the hydraulic pressure baler with the mixtures of materials extrusion modling.

Three, blister-pack: the material of moulding bundling is twined 2 layers of plastic sheeting, and the thickness of every layer of plastic sheeting is 0.08 millimeter.

Four, sealed fermenting: the material that will seal in plastic film tape is placed and was promptly finished fermentation in 9 days during in 40 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=20 ℃;

Five, check warehouse-in: extract 3% product, color is pale yellow to sepia, and smell is pure fragrance, and moisture is between 40-50%, and 4≤pH value≤5 are qualified finished product, deposit warehouse-in.

Embodiment 2:

28 parts of maize straws (dry), 0.8 part in carrot (dry), 800 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (dry), brown sugar 0.8kg/ ton stalk (dry).

After measured: during the water content 40% of maize straw, carrot moisture 88%.

The material ratio is calculated: the ratio of carrot is 0.8 part, and the proportioning of stalk is so: 28* (1-88%)/(1-40%)=5.6.That is stalk (water content 40%): carrot (moisture 88%)=5.6/0.8=7: 1.The mixed water content of carrot and stalk is (7*40%+1*88%)/(7+1)=46%.

The supplementing water consumption calculates: it is 50% that the product total moisture content requires, and is 46% o'clock at material moisture, and the supplementing water consumption is 50%-46%=4%.

The preparation of bio-active bacteria (fungi) liquid: earlier bio-active bacteria (fungi) is put into a small amount of 0.5% red sugar, 35～40 ℃ of temperature stir, and bring back to life 80 minutes.If process 10 tons of stalks (water content 40%), need 800 milliliters/ton=4800 milliliters of 10 tons of * of bacterial classification (1-40%) *, need 10 tons of * of brown sugar (1-40%) * 0.8kg/ ton=4.8kg.The supplementing water consumption is (10 tons+10 tons * 1/7) * 4%=0.46 ton.4.8kg brown sugar is made into 0.5% solution, again 4800 milliliters of bacterial classifications is put into 0.5% brown sugar solution and brought back to life 80 minutes, and then add 0.46 ton of water.

Process of manufacture is as follows:

One, get the raw materials ready, spray, mix:

Select do not have to go mouldy rotten maize straw and the carrot that does not have generation to rot according to weight portion, the kneading machine of sending into that maize straw is orderly is rubbed, to throw in through the pulverizing carrot of slicer simultaneously and rub on the broken maize straw, make stalk, the carrot mixture is stand-by;

The bacterial classification of proportionally will degrading is put into a spot of 0.5% red sugar, stirs, and the control mixing material brings back to life that to make the biological inoculum mixed liquor after 80 minutes stand-by between 35～40 ℃;

On the baler conveyer belt, carry in the process of maize straw, carrot mixture biological inoculum mixed liquor and 0.46 ton of water are sprayed on it with the automatic ration spray equipment, and mix.

Two, compression bundling: use the hydraulic pressure baler with the mixtures of materials extrusion modling.

Three, blister-pack: the material of moulding bundling is twined 1 layer of plastic sheeting, and the thickness of every layer of plastic sheeting is 0.12 millimeter.

Four, sealed fermenting: the material that will seal in plastic film tape is placed and was promptly finished fermentation in 16 days during in 20 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=10 ℃;

Five, check warehouse-in: extract 2% product, color is pale yellow to sepia, and smell is pure fragrance, and moisture is between 40-50%, and 4≤pH value≤5 are qualified finished product, deposit warehouse-in.

Embodiment 3:

20 parts of wheat straws (dry), 1.2 parts in carrot (dry), 1500 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (dry), brown sugar 1kg/ ton stalk (dry).

After measured: during the water content 18% of wheat straw, carrot moisture 86%.

The material ratio is calculated: the ratio of carrot is 1.2 parts, and the proportioning of stalk is so: 20* (1-86%)/(1-18%)=3.4.That is stalk (water content 18%): carrot (moisture 86%)=(3.4/1.2)=2.8: 1.The mixed water content of carrot and stalk is (2.8*18%+1*86%)/(2.8+1)=35.9%.

The supplementing water consumption calculates: it is 45% that the product total moisture content requires, and is 35.9% o'clock at material moisture, and the supplementing water consumption is 45%-35.9%=9.1%.

The preparation of bio-active bacteria (fungi) liquid: earlier bio-active bacteria (fungi) is put into a small amount of 0.5% red sugar, 35～40 ℃ of temperature stir, and bring back to life 90 minutes.If process 10 tons of stalks (water content 18%), need 1500 milliliters/ton=12300 milliliters of 10 tons of * of bacterial classification (1-18%) *, need 10 tons of * of brown sugar (1-18%) * 1kg/ ton=8.2kg.The supplementing water consumption is (10 tons+10 tons * 1/2.8) * 9.1%=1.24 ton.8.2kg brown sugar is made into 0.5% solution, again 12300 milliliters of bacterial classifications is put into 0.5% brown sugar solution and bring back to life, and then add 1.24 tons of water.

One, get the raw materials ready, spray, mix:

Select do not have to go mouldy rotten wheat straw and the carrot that does not have generation to rot according to weight portion, the kneading machine of sending into that wheat straw is orderly is rubbed, to throw in through the pulverizing carrot of slicer simultaneously and rub on the broken wheat straw, make stalk, the carrot mixture is stand-by;

The bacterial classification of proportionally will degrading is put into a spot of 0.5% red sugar, stirs, and the control mixing material brings back to life that to make the biological inoculum mixed liquor after 90 minutes stand-by between 35～40 ℃;

On the baler conveyer belt, carry in the process of wheat straw, carrot mixture biological inoculum mixed liquor and 1.24 tons of water are sprayed on it with the automatic ration spray equipment, and mix.

Two, compression bundling: use the hydraulic pressure baler with the mixtures of materials extrusion modling.

Three, blister-pack: the material of moulding bundling is twined 3 layers of plastic sheeting, and the thickness of every layer of plastic sheeting is 0.05 millimeter.

Four, sealed fermenting: the material that will seal in plastic film tape is placed and was promptly finished fermentation in 25 days during in 10 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=5 ℃;

Five, check warehouse-in: extract 4% product, color is pale yellow to sepia, and smell is pure fragrance, and moisture is between 40-50%, and 4≤pH value≤5 are qualified finished product, deposit warehouse-in.

Claims (5)

1. compound feed for cow is characterized in that being made of following raw material:

Stalk 20～28 weight portions (in dry), carrot 0.8～1.2 weight portion (in dry), degraded 500～1500 milliliters of/ton stalks of bacterial classification (in dry), brown sugar 0.8～1.5kg/ ton stalk (in dry) and suitable quantity of water.

2. compound feed for cow as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: stalk can be half-dried maize straw or dried maize straw or wheat straw or straw.

3. compound feed for cow as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the degraded bacterial classification is bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycete mixture.

4. compound feed for cow as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the suitable quantity of water of adding guarantees that total moisture content is 40%～50%.

5. as the production technology of the described compound feed for cow of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that making by following steps:

One, get the raw materials ready, spray, mix:

Select do not have to go mouldy rotten agricultural crop straw and the carrot that does not have generation to rot according to weight portion, the kneading machine of sending into that stalk is orderly is rubbed, to throw in and rub on the broken stalk through pulverizing carrot simultaneously, make stalk, the carrot mixture is stand-by;

The bacterial classification of proportionally will degrading is put into a spot of brown sugar water, stirs, and the control mixing material brings back to life that to make the biological inoculum mixed liquor after 60～120 minutes stand-by between 35 ℃～40 ℃;

In the process of carrying stalk, carrot mixture, biological inoculum mixed liquor and the additional water of needs are sprayed on it with the automatic ration spray equipment, and mix;

Two, compression bundling: use the hydraulic pressure baler with the mixtures of materials extrusion modling.；

Three, blister-pack: the material of moulding bundling is twined 1-3 layer plastic sheeting, and the thickness of every layer of plastic sheeting is the 0.05-2 millimeter;

Four, sealed fermenting: the material that will seal in plastic film tape is placed following fate and is finished fermentation:

During in 40 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=20 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 7-10 days;

During in 20 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=10 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 10-20 days;

During in 10 ℃ 〉=daily temperature 〉=5 ℃, place and promptly finished fermentation in 20-30 days;

Five, check warehouse-in: extract 2～5% product, color is pale yellow to sepia, and smell is pure fragrance, and moisture is between 40%-50%, and 4≤pH value≤5 are qualified finished product, deposit warehouse-in.

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