CN103829033A - Corn straw micro ammoniation method - Google Patents
Corn straw micro ammoniation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103829033A CN103829033A CN201410091347.1A CN201410091347A CN103829033A CN 103829033 A CN103829033 A CN 103829033A CN 201410091347 A CN201410091347 A CN 201410091347A CN 103829033 A CN103829033 A CN 103829033A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corn straw micro ammoniation method which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing yellow corn and pure urea according to a ratio of 1:0.5, fully and uniformly stirring after crushing, and taking the mixture as an additive for later use; (2) preparing facilities and machinery; (3) taking corn straws as a main body; (4) performing layered processing, laterally cutting the straws to be the thickness of 30-40cm, uniformly spreading the additive, laminating firmly, laterally cutting the straws to the thickness being 30-40cm again, uniformly spraying the additive, laminating firmly, and cycling until the straws are 60-100cm higher than the upper edges of the pits, and performing final lamination; spreading 0.5kg/m<2> of salt according to the surface area; and finally, sealing and fermenting by adopting plastic cloth, compacting outside the plastic cloth by adopting waste tires or covering oil with the thickness being 8-10cm; and (5) sealing for 40 days, and opening the pits for utilization. According to the method, the nitrogen source is small in amount and can be directly fed after being processed, the process is simple and convenient, and the method is economical and practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to the micro-ammonating process of a kind of maize straw.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic development, to livestock products particularly the demand of cattle and sheep product grow with each passing day.The tremendous development of animal husbandry, causes that feed is in short supply has become a worldwide question of common concern.Especially protein is the basis of all life activity, and the deficiency of protein feeds has caused the great attention of herding circle.Predict according to authoritative sources: within 2010, be respectively 0.60 hundred million t and 0.72 hundred million t with the Chinese protein feeds demand of the year two thousand twenty, resource provision amount is respectively 0.22 hundred million t and 0.24 hundred million t.Between supply and demand, breach is large, and is rapid increase tendency.
And the ruminants such as cattle and sheep can utilize nonprotein nitrogen (urea and other nitride) as protein feeds source, synthesizer body protein.Nonprotein nitrogen, in ruminant alimentary canal, is first converted into mycoprotein, then under the effect of digestive ferment, the same with native protein, by ruminant digestibility and utilization.
The utilization rate of nonprotein nitrogen, closely related with the up-to-dateness of ruminant raising and the development level of feed industry.The U.S. in feed nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) as urea fodder year utilization nearly to more than 1,000,000 tons, wherein having 25% ensilage is to add urea modulation.Former Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) year fodder utilizes urea to reach 50～600,000 tons., about the consumption of urea fodder, also there is suitable scale in other American-European countries.
China is the country of a protein resource famine, but because feed industry is still less-developed, the nitrogenous thing Direct-fed of the non-albumen such as urea ruminant, in cud, a point explanation ammonia excessive velocities problem is not well solved always, and it is very restricted in applying.Thereby research is utilized as core with the fodder of nonprotein nitrogen, research and develop it and utilize safely and effectively mode, be the needs of herbvore poultry High-efficient Production and even overall animal husbandry safety in production, be also human society resource provision, harmoniously share, the needs of sustainable development.
China is again a large agricultural country, in producing mankind's grain, produces the agricultural crop straw that a large amount of mankind can not be directly edible.Stalk resource is renewable resource simultaneously.The main forage grass resource that Ye Shinong district ruminant produces.The optimizing machining technology utilization of this resource is the key technique of herbvore poultry High-efficient Production and sustainable development.
Application about nonprotein nitrogen in ruminant produces is mainly directly application at present and make ammoniated forage utilization.Directly utilizing, is exactly directly to add in feed and feed, and because ammonia nitrogen discharges soon, can produce poisoning risk, in popularization, is restricted.And the making of ammoniated forage, the one, addition is large, nitrogenous source increase of investment; The 2nd, before utilization, need to put ammonia, both cause the wasting of resources, be unfavorable for again environmental construction; The 3rd, complex procedures, cost of investment increases.Thereby apply and be subject to certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect that above-mentioned technology exists, provide a kind of maize straw micro-ammonating process, the method nitrogenous source consumption is little, can be directly feeding after processing, and simple process, economical and practical.The present invention has developed ruminant protein feeds source.Protein is the basis of all life activity; There is no protein, almost just there is no vital movement; Protein feeds shortage is a worldwide question of common concern.Protein feeds is expensive, directly affects again the economic benefit that aquaculture is produced.To have set up in a wide range feed resource on the other hand.China's ruminant is many by agricultural crop straw and cereal grain composition, and agricultural crop straw is mostly maize straw, and low percentages of protein, causes in feed containing quantity not sufficient, can limit the performance of animal productive potentialities.Stalk roughage nutritional imbalance simultaneously, gross protein value is low; Quality is thick and stiff, and palatability is poor, and feed intake utilization rate is low.The present invention, by micro-ammonification processing of straw feed, has increased the crude protein content of straw feed on the one hand, and alternative partially protein feed is alleviated protein feed resource present situation in short supply; Process by processing simultaneously, improved the physics and chemistry state of stalk, thick and stiff stalk is softened, produce certain aromatic odor simultaneously, improved the utilization rate of searching for food of palatability and animal.Its concrete technical scheme is:
The micro-ammonating process of a kind of maize straw, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation: yellow maize and pure urea (not containing any impurity), with the ratio co-grinding of 1: 0.5, stir after pulverizing again, for subsequent use as additive;
(2) facility is prepared with machinery: prepare the yellow storage of stalk Jiao Chi according to the processing technology of the yellow storage of stalk, require Jiao Chi to be shaped as inverted trapezoidal, wall is smooth, water-tight, airtight, so that material tamps consolidation, in anaerobic fermentation state.Equipment is mainly ensiling chaffcutter, selects model according to processing capacity;
(3) make raw material: take maize straw as main body, described maize straw is green stalk or yellow dry straw on lower Huang, with green blade for well, or yellow leaf and contain large quantity of moisture in stem stalk;
(4) process: basically identical with the yellow storage of making stalk, difference is, in making yellow storage, to add the additive preparing in advance according to 1% ratio.Concrete processing technology is that layering processing, cuts hand hay cutter stalk 30～40 cm thicks, is evenly sprinkled into additive, rolls having peace of mind, and then cuts hand hay cutter stalk 30～40 cm thicks, is evenly sprinkled into additive, rolls having peace of mind; Go round and begin again like this, until it is upper after 60～100 centimetres to exceed Jiao Chi, carry out last rolling; Then be sprinkled into 0.5 Kilograms Per Square Meter salt according to surface area; Finally adopt Polypropylence Sheet to seal fermentation up for safekeeping, adopt 8～10 centimetres of junked tire compacting or grave mounds outward at Polypropylence Sheet.
(5) ammonification fermentation time, if made in the ripe harvest season of corn, seals up for safekeeping and after 40 days, can open cellar for storing things and utilize, if make in cold season, proper extension is sealed up for safekeeping about yeast phase to 60 day.
Preferably, described in step (2), Jiao Chi is inverted trapezoidal ground type or underground type.
Preferably, in step (3), the making of yellow dry straw need to add moisture, makes the moisture of material be controlled at 70%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the essence that the micro-ammonification processing of straw feed of the present invention is processed is the comprehensive process process that straw ammoniation combines with the yellow storage of stalk., there is not microorganism fermentation problem in the making of existing ammoniated forage, the yellow storage of stalk does not exist the increase problem of crude protein.The micro-ammonification technology of stalk; both taken full advantage of the lactobacillus-fermented of straw feed; improve the quality that stalk is thick and stiff; improve palatability and animal use rate; in process, pass through to add nitrogenous source and the carbohydrate of some simultaneously; create nutritional condition for microorganism fermentation, there is the lactobacillus-fermented of promotion function, there is the mycoprotein of increasing and former nutritious protection double effects.Through repetition test, the suitable addition (0.333%) of having established ammonia source (urea).Adopt the mode simultaneously adding with carbohydrate (0.667), simultaneously for lactic acid bacteria provides nitrogenous source and the energy, promote the course of fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, make part nitrogen form mycoprotein, optimize straw feed nutritional quality, there is again certain ammoniation, improved former rationalization state and the structure of stalk, improved the palatability of straw feed and the digestive utilization ratio of animal simultaneously.
The micro-ammonification technology of stalk of the present invention, had both effectively utilized nonprotein nitrogen, had expanded protein feed resource, had realized the safety in production of animal and the unification of environmental construction simultaneously, had also ensured the safe and sanitary of animal product.And easy to operate, be convenient to large scale application.
Research shows, by the micro-ammonification process technology of stalk straw feed after treatment, gross protein value can bring up to 7.86% on former 5.08% basis, improves 54.7%.Stalk improved texture simultaneously, the palatability of animal and the utilization rate of searching for food improve, and bring up to 82.0% by 64.6%.Day feed straw feed provides animal capable value also apparently higher than other processing modes.After micro-ammonification processing is processed, can provide animal digestion energy 69.451 megajoules day, and air-dry stalk only can provide 49.299 megajoules.Amount to comprehensive net energy and be respectively 27.1 megajoules and 19.2 megajoules, amount to beef cattle energy unit and be respectively 3.38 and 2.40 (RND).
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
The micro-ammonification technology of stalk,, on the basis of the yellow storage of stalk, adds respectively 0.333% urea and 0.667% corn flour.Both solve ammoniated forage and invested greatly, be difficult for applying problem, played again certain ammonification effect, improved the crude protein content of straw feed, and feeding safe and reliable.Add a small amount of corn flour simultaneously, improved the water-soluble carbohydrate content of lactic acid bacteria fermentation process indispensability, accelerated lactobacillus-fermented process, guaranteed the security that straw feed is stored.Project by more than 30,000 ton of the micro-ammonification show-how of stalk processing straw feed accumulative total, is applied few hundred thousand tonnes of on Qin County, Shanxi, Heshun County and other places in production practices.Through lab analysis and feeding experiment, crude protein content has improved 1.4 percentage points, reaches 7.9%, is significantly higher than conventional yellow storage, and feeding effect is good.
Different disposal maize straw such as stocking and storing (is gathered in the crops after son reality, break into wisp, naturally be stacked at field), yellow storage (is that corn is after results is real, according to the processing technology of making ensilage, the appropriate moisture that adds, spontaneous fermentation is made), micro-storage (is that corn is after results is real, according to the processing technology of making ensilage, appropriate stalk fermentation dry bacterium alive and the moisture of adding, the straw feed that promotes course of fermentation and make) and micro-ammonification (manufacture craft of storing according to Huang, add in right amount ammonia source and other nutrients (fermented stalk feed that 0.333% urea and 0.667 corn flour are made) etc. in manufacturing process and carried out nutritional labeling research, its nutrition storage rate significantly improves.
The straw feed nutrient composition content that the different processing modes of table 1 are made
Adopt the micro-ammonification technology processing of stalk to store straw feed, can make the crude protein content of straw feed improve 54.7%, micro-storage and yellow storage processing are processed also and have been improved respectively 18.1% and 13.0% than the protein content of naturally stacking stalk.The difference processing banking system of stalk, the protein content of feeding animals is the highest with the micro-ammonification of stalk.
Processing and fermentation technology by science is stored maize straw, and not only nutritional labeling obtains science and preserves, and palatability, feed intake are greatly improved.Animal feeding rate is the highest with micro-storage and micro-ammonification, is respectively 82.3% and 82.0%, is significantly higher than nature stocking and storing (64.6%).The stalk feeding cow that adopts processing modulation, available energy value is animal feeding rate and available energy value except ensiling, processes the highest with the micro-ammonification of stalk.
The feeding rate of the corn straw feedstuff feeding cow that the different processing of table 2 is processed
Stalk is stored in the different processing of table 3 day feed provides animal capable value comparison sheet
The micro-ammonification parameter of stalk is preferred, and the nutritional labeling of corn straw feedstuff utilization changes with the difference of results processing period, loses along with the delay of processing period.The technical parameter of its micro-ammonification is to develop on the basis after seed maturation.Important technological parameters: material water ratio 65～70%, additive addition are 1%, additive proportioning (corn: urea) is 1: 0.5.That is in (fresh weight) per ton maize straw, add 10 kilograms of additives, wherein approximately 6.67 kilograms of hominy grits, approximately 3.33 kilograms, urea.Ammonification yeast phase is made as 40 days autumn, makes proper extension winter.Finished product storage life, does not open cellar for storing things and can preserve for a long time, with using with opening cellar for storing things, applies with reference to ensilage.
Embodiment
The first step: maize straw preparation
By the demonstration of Qin County, Project-developing base beef ox fattening, from the maize straw of periphery peasant household purchase, select.
Second step: build cellar for storing things
Because test processing capacity is less, build interim micro-ammonification pond, guarantee water-tight, airtightly to lay Polypropylence Sheet, wide 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters of bottom width suitable for reading, long 4 meters,, add and exceed 0.5 meter of entrance of cellar, 24 cubic metres of total measurement (volume)s by dark 2.5 meters.12 tons of plan reserves.
The 3rd step: additive (ammonification leavening) preparation:
Select 4 kilograms of high purity urea, 8 kilograms of corn kernels, co-grinding, stirs, for subsequent use.
The 4th step: stalk is cut hand hay cutter and entered cellar for storing things with additives mixed.Specific operation process: cut hand hay cutter maize straw 40 cm thicks, be sprinkled into 1.2 kilograms of additives, according to the dry wet degree of stalk, add amount of water, (pond, test cellar for storing things is little to jam on having peace of mind, it is artificial steady and sure to adopt, apply Zhong Jiao pond larger, adopt cal rolling), go round and begin again, in layer carry out, until exceed 0.5～1.0 meter of entrance of cellar.
The 5th step: surface treatment
After filling, finally jam on having peace of mind, then adopt the feeding salt of herding with 0.5 Kilograms Per Square Meter, be evenly sprinkling upon material surface, further jam on having peace of mind.
The 6th step: seal (ammonification fermentation) up for safekeeping
Adopt the sealing of thicker Polypropylence Sheet tight, finally 5～10 centimetres of grave mounds outside Polypropylence Sheet.
The above; it is only the preferably specific embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence replace all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the micro-ammonating process of maize straw, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material preparation: yellow maize and pure urea, with the ratio co-grinding of 1: 0.5, stir after pulverizing again, for subsequent use as additive;
(2) facility is prepared with machinery: prepare the yellow storage of stalk Jiao Chi according to the processing technology of the yellow storage of stalk, described in be shaped as inverted trapezoidal, wall is smooth, water-tight, airtight, equipment is mainly ensiling chaffcutter, selects model according to processing capacity;
(3) make raw material: take maize straw as main body, described maize straw is green stalk or yellow dry straw on lower Huang, with green blade, or yellow leaf and still contain large quantity of moisture in stem stalk;
(4) process: layering processing, cut hand hay cutter stalk 30～40 cm thicks, be evenly sprinkled into additive, roll having peace of mind, and then cut hand hay cutter stalk 30～40 cm thicks, be evenly sprinkled into additive, roll having peace of mind; Go round and begin again like this, until it is upper after 60～100 centimetres to exceed Jiao Chi, carry out last rolling; Then be sprinkled into 0.5 Kilograms Per Square Meter salt according to surface area; Finally adopt Polypropylence Sheet to seal fermentation up for safekeeping, adopt 8～10 centimetres of junked tire compacting or grave mounds outward at Polypropylence Sheet;
(5) ammonification fermentation time, if made in the ripe harvest season of corn, seals up for safekeeping after 40 days and opens cellar for storing things utilization, if make in cold season, proper extension is sealed yeast phase to 60 day up for safekeeping.
2. the micro-ammonating process of maize straw according to claim 1, is characterized in that, ground type or underground type that described in step (2), Jiao Chi is inverted trapezoidal.
3. the micro-ammonating process of maize straw according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), the making of yellow stalk stalk need to add moisture, makes the moisture of material be controlled at 70%.
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| CN201410091347.1A CN103829033A (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2014-03-07 | Corn straw micro ammoniation method |
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| CN201410091347.1A CN103829033A (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2014-03-07 | Corn straw micro ammoniation method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107889943A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Stalk maceration extract and its preparation method and application |
| CN107927342A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Ammonification roughage functional additive and its application |
| CN107927365A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Crop material preprocess method and its application in ammoniated forage is prepared |
| CN107950766A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | The preparation method of new disease-resistant ammoniated forage |
| CN107950767A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Cross Beef Cattle is with ammonification roughage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112293583A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preparing feed by water-saving homogenization ammoniation of crop straws |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5454883A (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-05-01 | Kiyuushiyuu Biseibutsu Riyou K | Production of fermented feedstuff from plant fiber substance |
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2014
- 2014-03-07 CN CN201410091347.1A patent/CN103829033A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5454883A (en) * | 1977-10-04 | 1979-05-01 | Kiyuushiyuu Biseibutsu Riyou K | Production of fermented feedstuff from plant fiber substance |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 刘兴义，等: "玉米秸秆黄贮饲料的调制", 《新疆畜牧业》 * |
| 陈文汉: "玉米秸秆黄贮", 《新疆农业科技》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107889943A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-10 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Stalk maceration extract and its preparation method and application |
| CN107927342A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Ammonification roughage functional additive and its application |
| CN107927365A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Crop material preprocess method and its application in ammoniated forage is prepared |
| CN107950766A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | The preparation method of new disease-resistant ammoniated forage |
| CN107950767A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-24 | 隆安县江泉牧业有限公司 | Cross Beef Cattle is with ammonification roughage and preparation method thereof |
| CN112293583A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for preparing feed by water-saving homogenization ammoniation of crop straws |
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Application publication date: 20140604 |