CN106306359A - Method for preparing feed for grass feed animal through straw fermentation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a green straw fermented grass-fed animal feed preparation method, which is characterized in that the rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, etc. are subjected to steam explosion and ammonification treatment, and then anaerobic fermentation is carried out by using bovine rumen compound flora. The fermented product is added with an appropriate amount of leaf-eating grass powder as a nutritional enhancer. The leaf-eating grass added in the present invention has wide adaptability, large growth, and high crude protein content in stems and leaves, which is very suitable for supplementing the crude protein deficiency of straw fermented feed; the final product of this project has high crude protein content and is rich in A variety of essential amino acids, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and other trace elements, green straw fermented grass-fed animal feed with fragrant smell, used for raising cattle, sheep, sika deer and other feeds with high remuneration and delicious meat. Therefore, the technical invention can become a new driving force to promote the efficient utilization of straw recycling and promote the prosperity and development of the South China beef cattle belt, and has a bright industrial application prospect.

Description

Preparation method of straw fermented grass-fed animal feed

technical field

The invention relates to the field of feed processing, in particular to a method for preparing straw-fermented grass-fed animal feed using crop straw and high-quality forage as raw materials and using bovine rumen microbial flora as anaerobic fermentation strains.

Background technique

China is a large agricultural country, which can produce more than 700 million tons of various straws each year, accounting for about 20% to 30% of the world's total straw, of which about 580 million tons of rice, wheat, corn, soybean, potato and other food crop straws , accounting for 89% of the total straw; with the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive agricultural production level, the total output of straw in China has shown a trend of continuous growth in general. Therefore, the approach and method of straw recycling in my country has been a major technical issue that has attracted much attention for many years. In recent years, with the improvement of crop production level and multiple cropping index, and the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers, the excess accumulation of straw has become more prominent. During the busy farming season, farmland straw is burned seriously, causing serious environmental pollution and even affecting aviation safety. Therefore, the efficient utilization of straw can make a positive contribution to the sustainable development of the national economy.

China's rice planting area ranks second in the world, and its output ranks first in the world. According to statistics, in 2008, China produced about 190 million tons of rice. Based on the grain-to-grass ratio of 1:1, it can produce about 190 million tons of rice straw, accounting for more than 30% of the total amount of straw. It has become the largest straw feed resource in agricultural areas. The third largest beef cattle belt in China—South China beef cattle belt is located in the main rice production area. Fully developing and utilizing rice straw resources can alleviate the limitations of the small area of cultivated land and insufficient natural grassland in this area, promote the large-scale development of herbivorous animal production, and reduce straw burning at the same time environmental pollution problems.

The annual output of wheat straw in my country reaches 1.56 billion tons, accounting for about 15% of the total crop straw. Wheat straw is also one of the potential feed materials, which contains a lot of carbohydrates, proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose and other substances. However, there are also many problems in the treatment of wheat straw. Therefore, making full use of wheat straw is also our primary consideration at present.

The annual output of corn stalks in my country reaches 250 million tons, accounting for about 25% of the total crop stalks. Corn stalks are rich in nutrients and available chemical components, and can be used as raw materials for animal feed. For a long time, corn stover has been one of the main roughage raw materials for livestock. Relevant test results show that corn stalks contain more than 30% carbohydrates, 2% to 4% protein and 0.5% to 1% fat, which can be used for silage or direct feeding. As far as herbivores are concerned, the net energy gain of 2 kg of corn stalks is equivalent to 1 kg of corn kernels, especially after silage, silage, ammoniation and saccharification, the utilization rate can be improved, and the benefits will be more considerable. According to research and analysis, the digestible energy contained in corn stalks is 2 235.8kJ/kg, and it is rich in nutrients, and the total energy is equivalent to that of pasture. Finely processing corn stalks to make high-nutrition livestock feed is not only conducive to the development of animal husbandry, but also has good ecological and economic benefits by returning the straw to the field.

The leaves and stems of rice straw have a large number of silicified cells and wax on the surface. It is not conducive to its digestion by grass-fed animals, and its nutritional value is low. Steam explosion is a commonly used rice straw pretreatment method, which can significantly destroy the ultrastructure of rice straw and increase the rate of microbial fermentation.

In order to solve the shortcomings of high CN ratio of rice straw, ammoniation treatment is a good choice. After ammoniation treatment, the lignocellulose structure is destroyed, and the cellulose crystallization area is further destroyed, which is conducive to microbial degradation of cellulose. ; At the same time, the CN ratio of rice straw decreased significantly, and then processed by microbial fermentation, it can effectively increase the crude protein content of straw feed and reduce the crude fiber content.

The organizational structure of wheat stalks and corn stalks is also very complex, and a treatment method similar to that of rice straw is also required. Chinese invention patent application "Method for preparing protein feed by solid-state fermentation of rice straw by Neurospora crassa (CN201310120218.6)" provides a method of mixing rice straw with liquid medium to obtain a solid-state fermentation medium; then adding it to the solid-state fermentation medium The method of inserting Neurospora crassa for solid-state fermentation not only has a high cost of liquid medium, but also it is not clear whether the solid-state fermentation of rice straw with Neurospora crassa will produce by-products that are harmful to the health of grass-fed animals. So there must be a new way. Studies have confirmed that the rumen of cattle, sheep and other ruminants contains abundant lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms. Therefore, the study of rumen microorganisms in ruminants has gradually become a new direction for exploring effective cellulose degradation pathways.

The adaptability of leaf-eating grass is very wide. The crude protein content of its stems and leaves is as high as 34%. In addition, it also contains a large amount of vitamins, amino acids, SOD, potassium, selenium, chlorophyll, emodin and other beneficial trace elements and minerals. It is— A new type of high protein pasture. Leaf-eating grass is used to develop grain-saving protein feed, improve the quality of meat, poultry, eggs, and milk, and can ensure the healthy breeding of animal husbandry. The Chinese invention patent "Preparation Method of a New Type of Feed for Cattle and Sheep" proposes a mixed feed of leaf-eating grass and Eupatorium adenophorum, but the large-scale use of leaf-eating grass is costly and wastes nutrition, and it is used as a nutritional supplement for straw feed Then fit the right place.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a method for preparing straw fermented grass-fed animal feed.

Process step of the present invention is as follows:

Step 1. Straw steam explosion: select clean, mildew-free straw, cut it into fragments within 1-10 cm in length, put it into the steam explosion equipment, feed high-temperature steam, and control the reaction conditions at a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa~3.5MPa, reaction temperature 110°C~130°C and reaction time 20 min~40 min, the pressure is released instantaneously, so that the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw are exposed. The straw is rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw;

Step 2, straw ammonification:

Take 100 parts of straw steam blasting straw powder in step 1 and put it into a plastic vat, spray 15 parts of concentrated ammonia water with a mass fraction of 22.5% into it, tie the bag tightly, let it rest for 48-70 hours, and set it aside;

Step 3, fermentation and cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora;

In a seed tank with a volume of 15L, put 10L of anaerobic microbial liquid medium into a microbial fermentation tank, sterilize and cool to room temperature, and inoculate 1L of the original anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora, and control the fermentation temperature Under the anaerobic environment of 20 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, the microorganisms can be rapidly propagated to a viable count of 1x10 ¹⁰ CFU/mL. According to the scale of production, the cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora can be further expanded in larger fermenters according to the proportion of inoculum amount of 10%~15%.

The inventor of the bovine rumen microbial flora was isolated from the contents of the rumen after slaughter of healthy beef cattle, and the main microbial species include Ruminococcusalbus , Butyrivibriofibrisolvens , Saccharomyces , Trichoderma spp , the individual ratio of the four microorganisms is about 4:4:1:1;

Described anaerobic microorganism liquid medium preparation method is as follows: disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate 64g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, sodium chloride 2.5g, ammonium chloride 5.0g, microcrystalline cellulose 10g, beef extract 5g, Pass 20g of reed powder through a 200-mesh sieve, and set the volume to 1L. Sterilized at 121°C, ready for use;

Step 4. Fermentation and cultivation of ammoniated straw Open the screw cap of the plastic barrel in step 3, and quickly inoculate the anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora into the finished product of the ammoniated straw in step 3. The inoculum amount is equivalent to 10%~15% of the weight of the straw powder ;At the same time, add salt equivalent to 0.45%~0.55% of the weight of straw powder, screw the lid on, roll the plastic bucket to make the contents evenly mixed, and ferment for 15 to 30 days in the dark;

Step 5. Preparation of leaf-eating grass powder: Harvest fresh leaf-eating grass stems and leaves, kill them at 120°C for 5min~10min, dry them with hot air at 60°C~80°C to a moisture content of 8%~12% (dry basis), and crush them to 40 mesh ~60 mesh, spare;

Step 6. Formulating a straw-fermented grass-fed animal feed: take 70-90 parts of fermented and mature straw powder in step 4 in a clean environment; 10-30 parts of leaf-eating grass powder in step 5, mix them well The mouth of the bag is tied tightly in the plastic bag, and the fermentation is continued slowly for 5 to 10 days to obtain a green straw fermented grass-fed animal feed with a fragrant smell.

Advantages of the present invention: the technology of the present invention treats rice straw, wheat stalk, corn stalk, etc. by steam explosion and ammonification, then uses bovine rumen complex flora for primary fermentation, and the fermentation product is added with appropriate amount of leaf-eating grass powder as a nutritional enhancer.

The present invention uses rice straw as the main raw material. After the rice straw is treated with steam explosion and ammonification, the bovine rumen complex flora is used for anaerobic fermentation, which greatly improves the nutritional value of rice straw to grass-fed animals and finds a new method for the value-added utilization of rice straw. The way out; the leaf-eating grass added in the present invention has strong adaptability, large growth, and protein content up to 34%, which is very suitable for supplementing the problem of insufficient protein content of rice straw feed; the final product of this project is high in crude protein content, rich in Containing a variety of essential amino acids and trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, etc., it is a green grass-fed animal fermented feed with a fragrant smell. It is used to feed cattle and sheep with high remuneration and delicious meat, so it can become a driving force to promote the prosperity and development of the South China Beef Cattle Belt, so it has a bright industrial application prospect.

specific embodiment

In order to make those skilled in the art understand the production process and technical effects of the present invention in detail, the application and technical effects of the present invention will be further introduced below with specific production examples.

Embodiment one: green straw fermented beef cattle feed

Step 1. Straw steam explosion: select clean, mildew-free straw, cut it into fragments within 10 cm in length, put it into the steam explosion equipment, feed high-temperature steam, and control the reaction conditions at a reaction pressure of 3.5 MPa, After a reaction time of 40 minutes at a reaction temperature of 130°C, the pressure was released instantly to expose the cellulose and hemicellulose in the rice straw;

Step 2, ammoniation of rice straw powder:

Get 100 parts of the steam-exploded rice straw powder in step 1 and put it into a plastic vat, spray 15 parts of concentrated ammonia water with a mass fraction of 22.5% into it, tie the mouth of the bag tightly, let it rest for 70 hours, and set aside.

Step 3, fermentation and cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora;

In a seed tank with a volume of 15L, put 10L of anaerobic microbial liquid medium into a microbial fermentation tank, sterilize and cool to room temperature, and inoculate 1L of the original anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora, and control the fermentation temperature Under the anaerobic environment of 20 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, the microorganisms can be rapidly propagated to a viable count of 1x10 ¹⁰ CFU/mL. According to the production scale, the cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora can be further expanded in a larger fermenter according to the proportion of 10% inoculum;

The inventor of the bovine rumen microbial flora was isolated from the contents of the rumen after slaughter of healthy beef cattle, and the main microbial species include Ruminococcusalbus , Butyrivibriofibrisolvens , Saccharomyces , Trichoderma spp , the individual ratio of the four microorganisms is about 4:4:1:1;

Described anaerobic microorganism liquid medium preparation method is as follows: disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate 64g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, sodium chloride 2.5g, ammonium chloride 5.0g, microcrystalline cellulose 10g, beef extract 5g, Pass 20g of straw powder through a 200-mesh sieve, and set the volume to 1L. Sterilized at 121°C, ready for use;

Step 4. Fermentation of ammoniated rice straw powder Open the screw cap of the plastic bucket in step 3, and quickly inoculate the anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora into the finished product of step three ammoniated rice straw powder. The inoculation amount is equivalent to 15% of the weight of ammoniated rice straw powder ; At the same time, add salt equivalent to 0.55% of the weight of straw powder, screw the lid, roll the plastic bucket to make the contents evenly mixed, and ferment for 30 days in the dark;

Step 5. Preparation of leaf-eating grass powder: Harvest fresh leaf-eating grass stems and leaves, kill them at 120°C for 10 minutes, dry them with hot air at 80°C to a moisture content of 12% (dry basis), crush them to 60 mesh, and set aside;

Step 6. Straw fermented beef cattle feed preparation: take 90 parts of fermented and mature rice straw powder in step 4 in a clean environment; Continue to ferment slowly for 10 days to obtain the green straw fermented grass-fed animal feed with fragrant smell.

Example 2: Green straw fermented sheep feed

Step 1. Straw steam explosion: select clean, mildew-free wheat straw, cut it into pieces within 5 cm in length, put it into the steam explosion equipment, feed high-temperature steam, and control the reaction conditions at a reaction pressure of 3.0 After a reaction time of 30 minutes at MPa and a reaction temperature of 120°C, the pressure was released instantaneously, exposing the cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw;

Step 2, ammonification of wheat straw powder:

Take 100 parts of steam-exploded wheat straw powder in step 1 and put it into a plastic vat, spray 15 parts of concentrated ammonia water with a mass fraction of 22.5% into it, tie the bag tightly, let it rest for 60 hours, and set aside;

Step 3, fermentation and cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora;

In a seed tank with a volume of 15L, put 10L of anaerobic microbial liquid medium into a microbial fermentation tank, sterilize and cool to room temperature, and inoculate 1L of the original anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora, and control the fermentation temperature Under the anaerobic environment of 20 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, the microorganisms can be rapidly propagated to a viable count of 1x10 ¹⁰ CFU/mL. According to the production scale, the cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora can be further expanded in a larger fermenter according to the proportion of 10% inoculum;

The inventor of the bovine rumen microbial flora was isolated from the contents of the rumen after slaughter of healthy beef cattle, and the main microbial species include Ruminococcusalbus , Butyrivibriofibrisolvens , Saccharomyces , Trichoderma spp , the individual ratio of the four microorganisms is about 4:4:1:1;

Described anaerobic microorganism liquid medium preparation method is as follows: disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate 64g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, sodium chloride 2.5g, ammonium chloride 5.0g, microcrystalline cellulose 10g, beef extract 5g, 20g of wheat straw powder passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and the volume is 1L. Sterilized at 121°C, ready for use;

Step 4. Fermentation of ammoniated wheat straw powder Open the screw cap of the plastic bucket in step 3, quickly inoculate the anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora into the finished product of ammoniated wheat straw powder in step 3, the inoculum amount is equivalent to ammoniated wheat straw powder 12% of the weight; at the same time, add salt equivalent to 0.5% of the weight of straw powder, screw the lid, roll the plastic bucket to make the contents evenly mixed, and ferment for 20 days in the dark;

Step 5. Preparation of leaf-eating grass powder: Harvest fresh leaf-eating grass stems and leaves, kill them at 120°C for 7 minutes, dry them with hot air at 65°C to a moisture content of 10% (dry basis), crush them to 50 mesh, and set aside;

Step 6. Straw-fermented beef cattle feed preparation: take 80 parts of fermented and mature wheat straw powder in step 4 in a clean environment; 20 parts of leaf-eating grass powder prepared in step 5, mix them well, put them into a large plastic bag and tie them tightly mouth, make it continue to ferment slowly for 7 days, and obtain green wheat straw fermented grass-fed animal feed with fragrant smell.

Example 3: Green corn stalk fermented sika deer feed

Step 1. Steam explosion of corn stalks: select clean corn stalks without mildew, cut them into pieces within 1 cm in length, put them into steam explosion equipment, feed high-temperature steam, and control the reaction conditions at a reaction pressure of 2.0 After a reaction time of 20 minutes at MPa and a reaction temperature of 110°C, the pressure was released instantaneously, exposing the cellulose and hemicellulose in the cornstalk;

Step 2, ammonification of wheat straw powder:

Take 100 parts of steam-exploded corn stalk powder in step 1 and put it into a plastic vat, spray 14 parts of concentrated ammonia water with a mass fraction of 22.5% into it, tie the bag tightly, let it rest for 48 hours, and set aside;

Step 3, fermentation and cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora;

In a seed tank with a volume of 15L, put 10L of anaerobic microbial liquid medium into a microbial fermentation tank, sterilize and cool to room temperature, and inoculate 1L of the original anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora, and control the fermentation temperature Under the anaerobic environment of 20 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, pH 6.5 ~ 7.0, the microorganisms can be rapidly propagated to a viable count of 1x10 ¹⁰ CFU/mL. According to the production scale, the cultivation of bovine rumen microbial flora can be further expanded in a larger fermenter according to the proportion of 10% inoculum;

The inventor of the bovine rumen microbial flora was isolated from the contents of the rumen after slaughter of healthy beef cattle, and the main microbial species include Ruminococcusalbus , Butyrivibriofibrisolvens , Saccharomyces , Trichoderma spp , the individual ratio of the four microorganisms is about 4:4:1:1;

Described anaerobic microorganism liquid medium preparation method is as follows: disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate 64g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, sodium chloride 2.5g, ammonium chloride 5.0g, microcrystalline cellulose 10g, beef extract 5g, 20g of corn stalk powder passed through a 200-mesh sieve, and the volume is 1L. Sterilized at 121°C, ready for use;

Step 4. Fermentation of ammoniated corn stalk powder Open the screw cap of the plastic bucket in step 3, quickly inoculate the anaerobic culture of bovine rumen microbial flora into the finished product of ammoniated corn stalk powder in step 3, the inoculation amount is equivalent to ammoniated corn stalk powder 10% of the weight; at the same time, add salt equivalent to 0.45% of the weight of straw powder, screw the lid on, roll the plastic bucket to make the contents evenly mixed, and ferment for 15 days in the dark;

Step 5. Preparation of leaf-eating grass powder: Harvest fresh leaf-eating grass stems and leaves, kill them at 120°C for 5 minutes, dry them with hot air at 60°C to a moisture content of 8.0% (dry basis), crush them to 40 mesh, and set aside;

Step 6. Green corn stalk fermented sika deer feed preparation: take 70 parts of fermented corn stalk powder in step 4 and 10 parts of leaf-eating grass powder prepared in step 5 in a clean environment, mix well and put them into large plastic bags Tighten the mouth of the bag, make it continue to ferment slowly for 5 days, and obtain the green corn stalk fermented grass-fed animal feed with fragrant smell.

Claims (1)

1. animal feed preparation method raised by a stalk fermentation grass, it is characterised in that include following steps:

Step 1, straw steam explosion:

Choose clean, there is no the straw gone mouldy, cut into the particle that length 1-10 centimetre is interior, put into steam explosion equipment In, it is passed through high-temperature steam, reaction condition is controlled at reaction pressure 2.0 MPa ~ 3.5MPa, reaction temperature 110 DEG C ~ 130 DEG C After response time 20 min ~ 40 min, moment pressure release so that cellulose, hemicellulose in straw come out, described straw Stalk is Caulis et Folium Oryzae, straw, corn stalk；

Step 2, straw ammoniation:

Taking step 1 straw steam explosion stalk powder 100 parts to load in plastic barrel, spraying into mass fraction wherein is 22.5% Strong aqua ammonia 10 parts ~ 15 parts, tightens bag mouth, static 24-70 hour, standby；

Step 3, bovine rumen microorganism species fermentation culture；

In the seed tank that volume is 15L, load anaerobe liquid culture medium 10L, put in microorganism fermentation tank, go out Bacterium, be cooled to after room temperature inoculate bovine rumen microorganism species Anaerobic culturel original seed 1L, fermentation temperature control 20 DEG C～50 DEG C, Make microorganism Fast-propagation to viable count 1x10 under the anaerobic environment of pH6.5 ~ 7.0¹⁰CFU/mL, according to production scale, can be by According to the ratio of inoculum concentration 10%, bigger fermentation tank expands the cultivation of bovine rumen microorganism species further；

Described bovine rumen microorganism species obtains for butchering to separate rear rumen content from healthy and strong beef cattle, wherein major microorganisms kind Class include Ruminococcus albus (Ruminococcusalbus), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (Butyrivibriofibrisolvens), Yeast (Saccharomyces), Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma spp), four kinds of microorganism individuality ratios are about 4:4:1:1；

Described anaerobe liquid culture medium method of completing the square is as follows: seven water disodium hydrogen phosphate 64g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15g, chlorine Change sodium 2.5g, ammonium chloride 5.0g, microcrystalline Cellulose 10g, beef extract 5g, cross 200 mesh sieves and rice straw powder 20g, constant volume is 1L, through 121 DEG C of sterilizings, standby；

Step 4, the fermentation culture opening steps 3 Plastic Drum spiral cover of ammoniated straw, quickly connect in step 3 ammoniated straw finished product Planting bovine rumen microorganism species anaerobic cultures, inoculum concentration is equivalent to the 10% ~ 15% of stalk powder weight；Add simultaneously and be equivalent to The Sal of powder of straw weight 0.5%, spins lid, rolls Plastic Drum and promotes content mix homogeneously, and lucifuge is fermented 15 days ~ 30 days ；

Prepared by step 5, food leaf grass meal: gather in fresh food leaf grass blade leaf, in 120 DEG C of 5min ~ 10min that complete, 60 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C heat Wind is dried to moisture content 8%～12%(butt), it is crushed to 40～60 mesh, standby；

Animal feed allotment raised by step 6, a kind of stalk fermentation grass: take the powder of straw 70 of step 4 fermenting-ripening under clean environment Part-90 parts；Food leaf grass meal 10 parts-20 parts prepared by step 5, is sufficiently mixed uniformly, loads in big plastics and tighten bag mouth so that it is Continuing slowly fermentation 5 days ~ 10 days, animal feed raised by the green stalk fermentation type grass obtaining fragrant.